1. Ampere- the SI unit of electric current.

A flow of one coulomb

per second is one ampere.
2. Amplitude- the maximum displacement of a point of a wave
from its rest position, height of the crest and depth of the
trough measured from the undisturbed position. For a sound
wave, greater the amplitude the louder is the sound.
3. Angle of incidence- the angle between the incident ray and the
normal.
4. Angle of Reflection- the angle between the reflected ray and the
normal.
5. Angle of Refraction- the angle between the refracted ray and
the normal.
6. Atmospheric Pressure- The air pressure in the earth’s
atmosphere. Atmospheric pressure is about 105 Pa near the sea
level and decreases with height above the ground.
7. Average speed- the total distance divided by the total time
taken.
8. Conduction- The process by which the thermal energy is
transmitted through a medium from one particle to another.
9. Convection- the process by which the thermal energy is
transmitted from one place to another by the movement of
heated particles of gas or liquid.
10. Coulomb- The SI unit of electric charge
11. Crest- The highest point of the sound wave.
12. Density- Mass per unit of a substance.
13. Echo- The reflected sound after an interval of silence.
14. Electric current- The rate of flow of charge.
15. Electromagnet- Consisting of a coil made of insulated copper
wire wound on a core of soft magnetic material like iron. When
current flows through the coil, the core becomes magnet.
16. Energy- the ability to do work.
17. Frequency of a wave- The number of crests and troughs that
passes a point per second. It is also the number of waves
generated per second. The unit of frequency is Hertz (Hz).
18. Friction- A force that opposes sliding motion between two
surfaces in contact.
19. Gravitational Field- a region in space where a mass
experiences a force due to gravitational attraction.
20. Induction- The production of electric charge on the surface of
a conductor under the influence of an electric field.
21. Joule (J) - the SI unit of work and energy.
22. Kinetic energy- the energy a body possessed due to motion.
23. Laws of reflection- the incident ray, reflected ray and normal
all lie in the same plane at the point of incidence. The angle of
incidence is always equal to the angle of reflection.
24. Laws of refraction- the incident ray, refracted ray and
normal all lie in the same plane at the point of incidence.
25. Left hand rule- positions the thumb, first and second fingers
of your left hand such that they are right angles to one other.
 Point the first finger in the direction of the magnetic field and
the second finger in the direction of the current. Thumb will
then show the direction of the force.
26. Liquid pressure- pressure due to the weight of the column of
liquid is given by 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 𝑝𝑔ℎ where p is pressure, h is
height of the column and g is gravitational field strength.
27. Longitudinal waves- waves which travel in a direction
parallel to the direction of the vibrations.
28. Magnetic materials- materials that are attached by a magnet,
iron which is easier to magnetize but loses its magnetism easily
is called magnetically soft materials. Steel which is harder to
magnetize but does not easily lose its magnetism is called
magnetically hard material. Magnetically hard material is used
to make permanent magnets. Magnetically soft materials are
used to make temporary magnets.
29. Moment of a force- the turning effect of force. It is
calculated by force×distance from the fulcrum. The SI unit of
this Newton meter.
30. Pascal- the SI unit of pressure.
31. Pitch- the pitch of note depends on its frequency. The higher
the pitch of sound the higher is the pitch.
32. Potential difference- Voltage. The SI unit of this is Volts.
33. Potential energy- the energy stored in an object due to its
position, state or shape.
34. Pressure- The force per unit area measured in Pascal.
35. Principle of moments- When an object is in equilibrium the
sum of anticlockwise moment about a point is equal t the sum
of clockwise moment.
36. Radiation- The transfer of energy through electromagnetic
waves. The rate of energy transfer increases with the surface
temperature and it is dependent on its color.
37. Ray- a narrow beam of light.
38. Real image- an image formed by a lens that can be captured
on a screen.
39. Refraction- the change in direction a light wave or water
wave as it crosses a boundary of an angle.
40. Right hand rule- holds the thumb and first two fingers at
right angles to one another. If the first finger points at the
direction of the magnetic field and the thumb in the direction of
the movement of the conductor, and then the second finger
shows the direction of the induced current.
41. Speed- the distance covered by an object in a particular
interval of time.
42. Temperature- the measure of the degree of hotness of a body.