Compliment

 Made in Liver
 C3a, 4a, 5a anaphylatoxins (bind to mast cell and basophil to degranulation)
 C5a chemotactic for PMN
 C3b Opsin
 MAC 5 9 * essential for Neisseria infection ( meningitis and gonorrhea)
 Alternative (activated by pathogen) vs Classic IgM and IgG

Killing mechanisms
 Marcophage : nitrogen oxygen species and oxygen radicals
 CD8+ T cells
1. FAS ligand (T) = FAS on cell : tells cell to kill itself
2. Perforins form pore, release Granzymes into cell  caspases activated
3. TNF – alpha and beta induce apoptosis
 NK cells: work with granzymes and perforin like CD8+
- Inhibited by MHC 1
* NK and CD8+ work at OPPOSITE TIMES
-CD8 on when high MHC I
-NK cells work when low MHC I ( inhibited by MHC I)
- therefore when things turn down MHC I to escape, they are killed by NK

L-selectin - used to leave blood into 2nd lymphoid tissue via HEV (
(on lymphocytes) high endothelial venules)
Il-1, Il-6, TNF alpha Pro inflammatory
IL-10, TGF Anti inflammatory
CD2 on T cells (ICAM) Bind to LFA-3 on APC (integrin)
LFA-1 on T cell (integrin) Bind to ICAM-1 on APC
CD28 ( T) Bind B7 on APC ( co-stimulatory signal)
CTLA-4 ( T) Bind B7 ( compete with CD28 to downregulate T cell)

Definitions:
 Idiotype : variable region where antigen binds
 Isotype: the constant region of antibody that determines FUNCTION
 Epitope/ antigenic determinant: part of ANTIGEN that is recognized by receptor
 Avidity: increase with number binding site ( IgM highest pentamer, IgA 2 nd)
 Affinity: strength of binding ( IgG)
 Mitogen: activate clones of B or T cells
CLINICAL
 Tdt used are a marker for ALL in B and T cells for early stage
-Tdt adds random bases WIHTOUT TEMPLATE
 Protein A from Staph bind to Fc of IgG, prevent phagocytosis bc the macrophage cant
bind
 Mycobacteria, Leishmania, Listeria Facultative intracellular pathogens in macrophage
therefore require TH1 response
 Adenovius vaccine = ONLY LIVE NOT ATTENUATED vaccine given cause intestinal IgA to
be produced (hence all mucosal) therefore respiratory now protected
 CD21 receptor for EBV ( infect B cells) then T cells form downey cells
 MHC II deficiency / Bare lymphocyte syndrome II
- mimic SCIDS and AIDS ( no CD4+ and low CD8+)
-differentiate from SCIDS bc react to mitogens here ( can replicate but just low
bc not activated)
-IgM mostly since no CD4 TH2