CRCA TECHNICAL NOTES

COLD ROLLES CLOSE ANNEALED COILS (CRCA)

Cold rolled steel sheets offer a variety of outstanding properties, including easy formability and a
smooth, clean surface, and are extensively used as basic materials in Automobiles, Electrical
appliances, steel office equipment, various types of containers and numerous other products closely
connected to our daily lives.

CRCA SPECIFICATION:
Thickness 0.20 mm – 6.0 mm
Width 6 mm – 1000 mm
Temper 1/8 Hard, ¼ Hard, ½ Hard, Full Hard
Surface Finish Dull/Bright/Matt/Mirror
Grade D/DD/EDD/Super EDD/IF
Edge Mill Edge/Slit Edge
Thickness Tolerance +/- 0.02 mm
Width Tolerance As per Specification
Coil Weight 0.250 MT – 10 MT
Coil ID As per Mill / Line capacity
Coil OD As per Mill / Line capacity
Length Tolerance ( For Sheets) - 0 mm / + 2 mm
Camber Tolerance 1.50 mm Max. per 1000 mm
PROCESS ROUTE OF CRCA MATERIAL:

HOT ROLLED (HR) COIL HR SLITTING PICKLING

ANNEALING ELECTROLYTIC CLEANING LINE ROLLING

PICKLING PICKLING

COOLING SKIN PASS CR SLITTING CUT TO LENGTH

PICKLING

PACKING & DESPATCH

MANUFACTURING PROCESS:
PICKLING:
Hot rolled coils are processed in a continuous pickling line where scale is removed. A clean surface is
essential to the cold rolling and subsequent processes to achieve the desired qualities of the surface.

COLD ROLLING:
Pickled coils are rolled in a cold reduction mill where they are reduced to specific thickness. Cold
reduction mills are controlled by process computers, and since modern 6 Hi mill is one of the most
advanced designs, coils are rolled to the closest dimensional tolerances.

ELECTROLYTIC CLEANING:
This process is a highly efficient electrolytic cleaning system for removing the cold rolling lubricant
from the strip. This vital operation is carefully controlled to ensure that no lubricant is left on the steel;
as oily substances decompose during annealing and remain in the steel surface as residues which will
both impair the surface and affect subsequent surface-treating processes. Degreasing is, therefore,
essential in producing cold strip with good surface.

ANNEALING:
Cold rolling causes steel to become hard and brittle. To obtain
the desired microstructure and improve mechanical properties,
the cold rolled strip is annealed at the suitable temperatures.
Modern steel manufacturers employs 100% Hydrogen
atmosphere annealing facilities. Coils can achieve homogeneous
qualities and higher production rate due to higher heat transfer.

TEMPER ROLLING/Skin passing:

The annealed coils are processed by the skin pass mill.
This process applies light pressure to the strip to
improve the flatness, to impart the desired surface
finish, and to prevent the occurrence of stretcher
strains during forming and deep drawing.
RECOILING:
After temper rolling, the coils are recoiled to specified weight. Rust-preventive oil may be applied
upon customer request. And for full-hard coil, tension leveler applies light pressure to the strip to
improve the flatness.

TEST AND INSPECTION:

The quality of each cold rolled coil is ensured by a series of tests and inspections. Dimensions and
surface conditions are thoroughly inspected, and various mechanical tests are conducted on
specimens taken from coils.
OVERALL YIELD ANALYSIS REPORT (CRM DIVISION):

SCRAP LOSS CUMLATIVE

IN %
HR Trimming loss 2.00
HR Sheet Cutting 0.000
Pickling loss 0.67
HR/CR Coil End Loss 3.45
CR Trimming Loss 4.85
CR Sheet Cutting 2.17
CR Coil End Loss 4.19
CR Baby Coils 1.20
ECL Loss 0.00
SPM Loss 0.80
Loss in Cut to length 1.20
Sorting area 0.25
TOTAL SCRAP LOSSES 20.78

Yield loss for CRCA production is huge because of critical use in automobile industry and further
process for painting, where product surface finish is vital of ultimate quality of product.
Cupping Values (as per IS 513)
SKIN PASS:

The Purpose of skin passing is one or more of the following:

a) To temporarily minimize the appearance of coil breaks, stretcher strains ( Luders lines) or
fluting during fabrication of finished parts,
b) To obtain the required surface finish suitable for ordinary decorative painting, and to control
the shape.

Some increase in hardness and some loss in ductility will result from skin passing.

STRAIN AGEING:

Cold reduced sheet in qualities CR1, CR2 and CR3 supplied in the skin passed condition tends to
strain age and this may lead to the following:

a) Surface markings from stretcher strains (Luders lines) or fluting when the steel is formed,
and
b) Deterioration in ductility.

Because of these factors, it is essential that the period between final processing at the mill and
fabrication be kept to a minimum. Rotation of stock, by using the oldest material first, is important.
Stocking of such steels for extended periods of time should be avoided for optimum performance
the period should not exceed six weeks.

For skin passed sheet in qualities CR1, CR2 and CR3 and with due regard to the foregoing
precautions, reasonable freedom can be achieved by effective roller levelling immediately prior
to fabrication at the purchaser’s plant. Freedom from stretcher strain and fluting for a period of
six months can be achieved by the supply of skin passed non ageing steels. Grades CR4 or CR5
shall be specified in such cases where Luder’s lines are not acceptable and where roller levelling
is not possible.

SURFACE CONDITION:

a) The condition of the surface of cold reduced steel sheet of drawing qualities (CR2, CR3, CR4
and CR5) is not required to be same for unexposed parts as it is for exposed parts.
b) Surface condition of sheet for unexposed parts may contain pores, some slight pitting, small
marking, scratches, other minor defects and a light discoloration. The surface of sheet for
exposed parts shall be reasonably free of these condition. Unless otherwise agreed, only one
side is inspected.

SURFACE FINISH:

Cold reduced steel sheet may be supplied in a smooth finish and matt finish, dull in appearance,
which is suitable for ordinary decorative painting but is not recommended for electroplating
EXAMPLES OF USE:
Packaging and labeling:
PACKGING:
Cold rolled products are packaged according to applicable standards and preserved in a properly
controlled environment until shipment.
LABELING:
Labels showing the product standard, dimensions, mass and product serial no. are attached to the
product.

Sample is shown below.

Examples of Contents Marked on Package Label and Package Card:

Item Name Marking Conditions Marking Method and Content Examples
Normal Marking
Marking by User
Designation
Brand Name O Marking with prescribed brand name
Inspector Mark O First Class
JIS Certification *O (*) marked on the label of products authorized to
Mark designate the JIS certification mark. No marking is done
on the package card.
Specification O Marking orders are as follows. The item that does not fall
Symbol under marking is not marked, and is deleted to put to the
left.

JIS G3141 SPCC: S D N …

① ②③④⑤⑥⑦
①… Abbreviation of standard name, code number, code
abbreviation, etc.
②… Classification of vibration-damping sheet resins.

Classification General Weld able ③…

Room-Temperature Use N W
Medium-Temperature Use M X
High-Temperature Use H Y
Tempering Symbol
S: Standard tempering M: Non-annealing
1: Full hardness 2: 1/2 hardness 4: 1/4 hardness
8: 1/8 hardness
④… Surface-finish symbol
 D: Dull finish B: Bright finish
⑤… Surface treatment symbol
(marked only when surface treatment is specified)
X-coat of lubricant oil film removal type
X-coat of lubricant oil film non-removal type
UV-coat of highly lubricant oil film removal type, white
color
UV-coat of highly lubricant oil film non-removal type,
white color
UV-coat of highly lubricant oil film non-removal type,
black color
M: Untreated B: Phosphate treated
C: Electrolytic chromate treated
⑥… Oil symbol
H: Heavily oiled N: Normally oiled L: Lightly oiled
X: Unoiled
⑦… Allowable thickness tolerance classification symbol
Marked only for JIS G 3311 Cold–Rolled Steel Strip.
Not marked where the product specification is non-
standard and the allowable thickness tolerance is
specified.
A: Allowable tolerance A
B: Allowable tolerance B
Coating *O Marking in cases of VIBLESS, when either the obverse or
reverse side is surface treated steel sheet.
Unit numbers are marked in parentheses after the item
name.
Size O Ordered size (thickness × width × length) is marked. For
coil, “COIL” (“C” on the inspection card) is marked in
place of length.
Inspection Side *O Marked if reverse side use or both side use is designated.
Net Mass O The net mass of the product is marked.
Sheet *O The actual number of sheets contained.
Coils *O Marked only when two or more hoops are bundled.
Case No. Marked only for designated materials labeled with case
numbers.
Inspection No. O Marked with the unit inspection number for each
shipped product.
Coil No. O Marked with the production lot unit coil number.
Production O Always marked except for materials designated not to be
Date marked.
User Name O Marked on the label.
Maker’s Name O Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation
Works O (Location Name) Works

O: Marked unconditionally
*O: Marked when marking method and indication of contents are conditional