Anglo-American Literature

Anglo-American Literature of the 17th-20th Centuries

The Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections has considerable holdings in Anglo-American literature from the 17th century onward,
with notable strengths in the 18th century, Romanticism, and the Victorian and modern periods. Among the seventeenth-century
holdings is a complete set of the Shakespeare folios, and works by John Milton and his contemporaries. Eighteenth-century highlights
include near comprehensive printed collections of Jonathan Swift and Alexander Pope, and substantial holdings on John Dryden,
Samuel Johnson, Joseph Addison, Sir Richard Steele, William Cowper, Fanny Burney, and others. Related materials include complete
runs of periodicals, such as the Spectator and the Tatler.

The Division's book holdings are also especially rich in the literature of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The Cornell Wordsworth
Collection, the second largest Wordsworth collection in the world, documents the Romantic movement in detail. All the major "standard"
authors of the Victorian and modern periods, such as Charles Dickens, George Eliot, T.S. Eliot, W.B. Yeats, Joseph Conrad, James
Joyce, Virginia Woolf, et al., are well represented. In addition, the library's holdings in Victorian fiction include scarce works by many
popular women authors of the time, such as Elizabeth Gaskell, Maria Edgeworth, Marie Corelli, Ouida, and Helen Mathers. The
collection also includes many popular literary genres such as gift annuals, dime novels, railroad novels, and yellowbacks, as well as the
small literary magazine of the 1920s and 1930s. The modern collection features strong collections of manuscripts and books by George
Bernard Shaw, Rudyard Kipling, Ford Madox Ford, Wyndham Lewis, and James Joyce.

In support of RMC's Human Sexuality Collection, the rare book collections feature especially strong representations of literary works by
gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender writers, such as Oscar Wilde, Christopher Isherwood, Vita Sackville-West, Radclyffe Hall, E.M.
Forster, W.H. Auden, Ronald Firbank, Edith Sitwell, Elizabeth Bowen, Jan Morris, and others. The collection's strengths in more recent
British literature include the works of Sylvia Plath, Ted Hughes, Philip Larkin, and Doris Lessing, to name just a few.

American

The Division holds major collections of the papers and literary manuscripts of E.B. White, Laura (Riding) Jackson, F. Scott Fitzgerald,
Theodore Dreiser, American theater critic George Jean Nathan, and New Yorker magazine authors Frank Sullivan and A.J. Liebling.
Smaller manuscript collections for James Thurber and Theodore Roosevelt add to the riches of the library's holdings. Each of these
collections is complemented by a collection of the author's published books.

The Division's book collection shows considerable depth in the literature of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Most of the major
authors of the period, such as Walt Whitman, Henry James, Edith Wharton, Faulkner, Eliot, Pound, Dos Passos, Hemingway, and
Fitzgerald, are well represented. Besides these writers, the collection is notable for its strength in the works of H.D., Edna St. Vincent
Millay, and Stephen Vincent Benét. Harlem Renaissance authors, such as James Baldwin, Zora Neale Hurston, Langston Hughes, and
Countee Cullen, are also well represented.

The book collection also shows notable strength in the literature of the 1950s to 1970s, including comprehensive collections of the
published work of Gary Snyder and Paul Goodman, and lesser strengths in Beat writers such as Allen Ginsberg and William S.
Burroughs. The political writings in the Goodman collection in particular are supplemented by the Division's social protest (1960s)
holdings, which include the papers and published writings of Daniel and Philip Berrigan, as well as extensive archival holdings about
student protest at Cornell in the late 1960s and early 1970s.

The rare book collections feature especially strong representations of literary works by gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender writers
such as Allen Ginsberg, William Burroughs, Paul Goodman, Djuna Barnes, May Sarton, Gore Vidal, John Cheever, Tennessee
Williams, Gertrude Stein, Willa Cather, Rita Mae Brown, James Merrill, and Audre Lorde. Related material in the Human Sexuality
Collection includes extensive collections of gay and lesbian pulp novels, and the records of the lesbian/feminist publisher Firebrand
Books.

The Division also holds collections of the books, manuscripts, and personal papers of notable Cornell authors such as Alison Lurie,
A.R. Ammons, and Diane Ackerman. This brief description highlights only a few of the many strengths of the Division's vast holdings,
whose continued growth is ensured through judicious purchases and the generosity of donors.

ANGLO OR ENGLISH LITERATURE

Anglo is a prefix indicating a relation to the Angles, England, the English people, or the English language, such as in the
term Anglo-Saxon language. It is often used alone, somewhat loosely, to refer to people of British Isles descent in The
Americas, New Zealand and Australia.

Anglo is a Late Latin prefix used to denote English. The word is derived from Anglia, the Latin name for England, and
still the modern name of its eastern region. Anglia and England both mean land of the Angles, a Germanic people
originating in the north German peninsula of Angeln.
LITERARY PERIODS IN ANGLO LITERATURE

Old English Literature (450-1100)

 Encompasses literature written in Old English in Anglo-Saxon England

 GENRE/STYLE :Epic poetry; Hagiography; Sermons; Bible Translations; Chronicles

Sample Literary Masterpiece:

Beowulf
Beowulf is an Old English epic poem consisting of 3182 alliterative lines. It is the oldest surviving long poem in Old
English and is commonly cited as one of the most important works of Old English literature. It describes the adventures of
a great Scandinavian warrior of the sixth century.

Middle English Literature: 1100-1500

 In this period religious literature continued to enjoy popularity and Hagiographies were written, adapted and
translated.
 GENRE/STYLE: Romance; Bible Translations

Sample Literary Masterpieces:

The Canterbury Tales of Geoffrey Chaucer
'The Canterbury Tales' by Geoffrey Chaucer was enormously popular in medieval England, with over 80 copies in
existence from the 1500s. Its popularity may be due to the fact that the tales were written in Middle English, a language
that developed after the Norman invasion, after which those in power would have spoken French.
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is a late 14th-century Middle English chivalric romance. It is one of the best known
Arthurian stories, with its plot combining two types of folklore motifs, the beheading game and the exchange of winnings.

English Renaissance: 1500-1660

a. Elizabethan and Jacobean period (1558-1625)
b. Late Renaissance:1625-60
 The English Renaissance was a cultural and artistic movement in England dating from the late 15th and early 16th
centuries to the 17th century.
 The Renaissance saw the rise of English theatrical drama, most notably William Shakespeare but also from
authors such as Christopher Marlowe.
 GENRE/STYLE:Vernacular Literature; Comedy; Tragedy

Sample Literary Masterpiece: Book of Common

Prayer; Works of William Shakespeare
The Faerie Queene by Edmund Spenser

NEO-CLASSICAL PERIOD: Restoration Age:(1660-1700)

 Augustan literature (1700-1750) and Age of sensibility: (1750-1798)

 The 18th century literature reflected the worldview of the Age of Enlightenment (or Age of Reason): a rational
and scientific approach to religious, social, political, and economic issues that promoted a secular view of the
world and a general sense of progress and perfectibility.
 GENRE/STYLE: Pastoral and Mock-heroic

Sample Literary Masterpiece:

Gulliver’s Travel of Jonathan Swift
Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. In Four Parts. By Lemuel Gulliver, First a Surgeon, and then a
Captain of Several Ships, commonly known as Gulliver's Travels, is a prose satire by Irish writer and clergyman Jonathan
Swift, that is both a satire on human nature and the "travellers' tales" literary subgenre. It is Swift's best known full-length
work, and a classic of English literature.

Modern Period

 English literary modernism developed out of a general sense of disillusionment with Victorian era attitudes of
certainty, conservatism, and belief in the idea of objective truth.
 GENRE/STYLE: Modernist novels using
the stream of consciousness technique; Science Fiction
Sample Literary Masterpieces:
The Sound and the Fury by William Faulkner
Lady Chatterley’s Lover by D.H Lawrence

AMERICAN LITERATURE
American literature is the literature written or produced in the area of the United States and its preceding colonies. During
its early history, America was a series of British colonies on the eastern coast of the present-day United States. Therefore,
its literary tradition begins as linked to the broader tradition of English literature. However, unique American
characteristics and the breadth of its production usually now cause it to be considered a separate path and tradition.

PERIODS IN AMERICAN LITERATURE

PURITAN/COLONIAL 1650-1750

 Instructive and reinforces authority of the Bible and church.

 GENRE/STYLE: Sermons, diaries, personal narratives ; Written in plain style

REVOLUTIONARY/ AGE OF REASON 1750-1800

 Patriotism grows; Instills pride; Creates common agreement about issues; National mission and the American
character.
 GENRE/STYLE: Political pamphlets; Travel writing; Highly ornate style and Persuasive writing

ROMANTICISM 1800-1860

 Value feeling and intuition over reasoning; Journey away from corruption of civilization and limits of rational
thought toward the integrity of nature and freedom of the imagination
 Helped instill proper gender behavior for men and women
 GENRE/STYLE: Character sketches; Slave narratives; Poetry; Short stories
Washington Irving's "Rip Van Winkle and Poems of Walt Whitman

AMERICAN RENAISSANCE/ TRANSCENDENTALISM 1840-1860

(Note overlap in time period with Romanticism -- some consider the anti-transcendentalists to be the "dark" romantics or
gothic)

 Transcendentalists: True reality is spiritual; Idealists; Self-reliance & individualism

 Anti-Transcendentalists: Used symbolism to great effect; Sin, pain, & evil exist
 GENRE/STYLE: Poetry; Short Stories; Novels

PERIODS IN AMERICAN LITERATURE REALISM 1855-1900

(Period of Civil War and Postwar period)

 Social realism: aims to change a specific social problem

 Aesthetic realism: art that insists on detailing the world as one sees it
 GENRE/STYLE: Novels and short stories and Objective narrator

PERIODS IN AMERICAN LITERATURETHE MODERNS 1900-1950

 In Pursuit of the American Dream; Admiration for America as land of Eden; Optimism and Importance of the
Individual
 GENRE/STYLE: Novels ; Plays; Poetry (a great resurgence after deaths of Whitman & Dickinson); Use of
interior monologue & stream of consciousness

HARLEM RENAISSANCE (Parallel to modernism) 1920s

 Allusions to African-American spirituals ; Uses structure of blues songs in poetry (repetition)

 Superficial stereotypes revealed to be complex characters
 GENRE/STYLE: Gave birth to "gospel music"
 Blues and jazz transmitted across American via radio and phonographs.

 PERIODS IN AMERICAN LITERATURE POSTMODERNISM (1950 to present)

 Erodes distinctions between classes of people; Insists that values are not permanent but only "local" or
"historical"; Mixing of fantasy with nonfiction; blurs lines of reality for reader ; Usually humourless
GENRE/STYLE: Narratives; Metafiction and Magic realism

PAGSASALIKSIK TUNGKOL SA MAIKLING KWENTO

Ang maikling kuwento - binaybay ding maikling kwento - ay isang maiksing salaysay hinggil sa isang mahalagang
pangyayaring kinasasangkutan ng isa o ilang tauhan at may iisang kakintalan o impresyon lamang. Isa itong masining
na anyo ng panitikan. Tulad ng nobela at dula, isa rin itong paggagad ng realidad, kung ginagagad ang isang momento
lamang o iyong isang madulang pangyayaring naganap sa buhay ng pangunahing tauhan. Si Deogracias A. Rosario
ang tinuturing na "Ama ng Maikling Kuwento."

May sampung uri ng maikling kuwento:

 1. Sa kwento ng tauhan inilalarawan ang mga pangyayaring pangkaugalian ng mga tauhang

nagsisiganap upang mabigyan ng kabuuan ang pag-unawa sa kanila ng isang mambabasa.
 2. Sa kwento ng katutubong kulay binibigyang-diin ang kapaligiran at mga pananamit ng mga tauhan,
ang uri ng pamumuhay, at hanapbuhay ng mga tao sa nasabing pook.
 3. Sa kwento ng kababalaghan pinag-uusapan ang mga salaysaying hindi kapanipaniwala.
 4. Sa kwentong bayan nilalahad an mga kwentong pinag-uusapan sa kasalukuyan ng buong bayan.
 5. Naglalaman ang kwento ng katatakutan ng mga pangyayaring kasindak-sindak.
 6. Sa kwento ng madulang pangyayari binibigyang diin ang kapanapanabik at mahahalagang
pangyayari na nakapagpapaiba o nakapagbago sa tauhan.
 7. Sa kwento ng sikolohiko ipinadarama sa mga mambabasa ang damdamin ng isang tao sa harap ng
isang pangyayari at kalagayan. Ito ang uri ng maikling kwentong bihirang isulat sapagkat may kahirapan
ang paglalarawan ng kaisipan.
 8. Sa kwento ng pakikipagsapalaran, nasa balangkas ng pangyayari ang interes ng kwento.
 9. Nagbibigay-aliw at nagpapasaya naman sa mambabasa ang kwento ng katatawanan.
 Sa kuwento ng pag-ibig, tungkol sa pag iibigan ng dalawang tao.