Conference Proceeding of

International Conference on Research Trends in Engineering, Applied Science and

Management (ICRTESM-2018)
Osmania University Centre for International Programmes, Osmania University Campus,
Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
on 16th December 2018, ISBN: 978-93-87433-48-9

IMAGE IDENTIFICATION USING ADVANCED ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK

TECHNIQUE

Haritha K R1, Anjan Babu G2

1
PG Student, Department of Computer Science, Sri Venkateshwara University Tirupati
2
Professor, Department of Computer Science, Sri Venkateshwara University Tirupati

Abstract
Paddling is a procedure that can be exchanged Image shading or subject and result in an
irreplaceable progress in human eyes. Picture update is a standout amongst the most essential
picture taking care of strategies are not exceptional this strategy is intended to recognize cheats.
In this sheet, we propose an efficient end-end-end framework Pictures from the scene pictures.
The proposed system fundamentally the first picture and the two got passages Light Stability and
Inter-Channel Contacts Considering the first info and the likelihood discharge It rings a bell. Our
calculation acknowledges CNN-based significant character the structure comprises of three
element extraction modules and an element combination module. To prepare the profound neural
system, we should unite a database with pictures that we have reminded the way that the overall
nature of utilizing distinctive reuse techniques is valid. Itemized indicative outcomes were made
in the made movies different techniques demonstrate that our proposed system is great Generic
and very robust. We are the principal endeavour to recognize recolored pictures from common
pictures. We investigate the between channel connection and light consistency for common
pictures which may not hold after the shading exchange task. In view of these two properties, we
propose a profound discriminative model for recoloring location utilizing for Gray Scale
algorithm.
Keywords: Gray scale algorithm, Recoloring identification, Convolutional Neural Networks.

I. INTRODUCTION settle on basic choices. Lamentably, with the

In recent years a huge number of photos are
created by different gadgets and circulated by
papers, TVs, what's more, sites each day.
Numerous lawful, administrative what's
more, logical associations utilize advanced
pictures as proof of explicit occasions to
improvement of minimal effort and high-
goals computerized cameras and refined
photograph altering virtual products, it is
easy to perform picture controls and the
location of manufactured pictures is much
troublesome through human vision. This

86 | Haritha K R, Anjan Babu G

 Conference Proceeding of
International Conference on Research Trends in Engineering, Applied Science and
Management (ICRTESM-2018)
Osmania University Centre for International Programmes, Osmania University Campus,
Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
on 16th December 2018, ISBN: 978-93-87433-48-9

difficulty the unwavering quality of
computerized pictures/photos as certifiable
occasions. As needs be, picture measurable
procedures for fashioned pictures
identification are fundamental. Picture
recoloring, i.e., shading exchanging, is one of
the most normal picture activities in
photograph altering [1]. Normally, fulfilling
shading exchange calculations [1]– [3] apply
the shading normal for an objective picture to
a source picture and create a recolored result
that human can't recognize. One such
precedent is appeared in Figure 1. Figure 1(a)
demonstrates a credible picture and Figure
1(b) is a recolored picture created by the
recoloring technique [4]. The recolored
picture in Figure 1(b) has three distinct
locales with (a): the sky district, the ocean
zone, also, the scaffold. In any case, both the
light blue sky in Figure 1(a) what's more, the
dark blue sky in (b) are similarly genuine in
human vision framework. Albeit fair
recolored pictures may leave no visual signs
as appeared in Figure 1(b), they may modify
the hidden picture textures. Albeit various
strategies have been proposed for picture
crime scene investigation, for example,
joining [5], copy move [6] and improvement
[7]. To the best of our insight, there are no
crime scene investigation techniques
extraordinarily intended for shading
exchanging regardless of whether modifying
the shade of a picture is one of the most
widely recognized assignments in picture
preparing [1]. In this manner, it is important
to configuration approaches for recoloring
discovery. In this work, we accept favorable
circumstances of two textures also as the first
info picture to recognize whether a picture is
recolored. Past fashioned picture recognition
approaches [8]– [11] center on measurable
connections of hand-made appearance
highlights between the first and altered
pictures. For instance, Stamm et al. [10]
demonstrate that pixel esteem mappings
leave behind ancient rarities and recognize
upgrade by watching the characteristic
fingerprints in the pixel esteem histogram. In
any case, these best in class techniques are
constrained by the hand-structured priors or
heuristic signs which might be less powerful
for a few pictures. For example, the
technique proposed in [10] isn't likely to
identify altered pictures if the pixel esteem
histogram after altering keeps smooth.
In this paper, we propose a start to finish
profound discriminative neural system to
recognize regular pictures from recolored
pictures, which catches progressively far
reaching highlights. Our system utilizes
between channel pictures and brightening
map [12] just as the info picture as the
contributions for our proposed system. We
select these inferred between channel pictures

87 | Haritha K R, Anjan Babu G

 Conference Proceeding of
International Conference on Research Trends in Engineering, Applied Science and
Management (ICRTESM-2018)
Osmania University Centre for International Programmes, Osmania University Campus,
Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
on 16th December 2018, ISBN: 978-93-87433-48-9

and light guide as contributions since they
have potential viability for imitations
recognition [11], [13]. Hence, these inferred
sources of info can give extra data
notwithstanding the unique info. For
preparing our proposed system, we utilize
three shading exchange techniques [1]– [3] to
naturally produce our preparing dataset.
Moreover, to assess our proposed model, we
additionally create a dataset in which the
recolored pictures are created by an
assortment of shading exchange techniques
[1]– [4], [14]– [16] and set up a manual
recolored picture dataset. We will discharge
this dataset openly for future recoloring
identification investigate.
In this paper, we propose an end-to-end deep
discriminative neural network to distinguish
natural images from recolored images, which
captures more comprehensive features. Our
network employs inter-channel images and
illumination map as well as the input image
as the inputs for our proposed network. We
select these derived inter-channel images and
illumination map as inputs since they have
potential effectiveness for forgeries detection.
Therefore, these derived inputs can provide
additional information in addition to the
original input. For training our proposed
network, we use three color transfer methods
to automatically generate our training dataset.
In addition, to evaluate our proposed model,
we also generate a dataset in which the
recolored images are generated by a variety
of color transfer methods and establish a
manual recolored image dataset. Recent
advances in digital image processing and
enhancement techniques have made new and
useful applications possible. One involves
color manipulation, which challenges the
reliability of digital images by generating
high-quality composite recolored images.
Main focus on this paper predicts the original
images for recoloring images from training
images dataset.
II RELATED WORK
Our purpose is to train a deep discriminative
network for color transfer detection.
Accordingly, we discuss the most relevant
algorithms including forgery detection
methods, color transfer approaches in this
section.
A. Forgery Detection Methods
Forgery detection methods intend to verify
the authenticity of images and can be broadly
classified into two classes: active
authentication [17][22] and passive
authentication [10],[11],[23]. In active
authentication techniques, data hiding
techniques are employed where some codes
are embedded into the images during
generation. These codes are used for further
verifying to authenticate the originality of
image. Active authentication methods can be

88 | Haritha K R, Anjan Babu G

 Conference Proceeding of
International Conference on Research Trends in Engineering, Applied Science and
Management (ICRTESM-2018)
Osmania University Centre for International Programmes, Osmania University Campus,
Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
on 16th December 2018, ISBN: 978-93-87433-48-9

further classified into two types: digital
signatures and digital watermarking.
Watermarking embeds watermarks into
images at the time of image acquisition while
digital signatures embed some secondary
information extracted from images at the
acquisition end into the images. Lots of work
has been proposed in both digital
watermarking [17][19] and digital signatures
[20][22]. For example, two image
authentication algorithms are proposed in
[19] to embed an image digest based on error
diffusion halftoning technique, into the image
in the Integer Wavelet Transform domain and
the Discrete Cosine Transform domain,
respectively. Lu et al. [20] construct a
structural digital signature using image
content information in the wavelet transform
domain for image authentication. The main
drawback of these approaches remains that
they must be inserted at the time of
recording, which limits these approaches to
specially equipped digital cameras. In
addition, the prior information is necessary
for an authentication process. Passive
authentication also called image forensics
which has no requirement for prior
information. Digital image forensics are
based on the assumption that tampering is
likely to alter the underlying statistics and
distinguish authenticity of an image by
detecting these inconsistencies. Most
algorithms first divide the input image into
various overlapping blocks of different shape
and then the feature extraction from each
block takes place. Then, the sorting is done
based on the features. Lastly, some
morphological operations are applied to
detect the forged region. Various techniques
have been used to detect forgery, such as
DWT [24], DCT [25], SVD [26], SIFT [27],
LLE [28] and HGOM [29]. Passive
techniques can be further classified as
forgery dependent methods [5], [6], [30] and
forgery independent methods [31]. Forgery
independent methods detect forgeries
independent of forgery type or can deal with
various kinds of forgeries. For instance, a
unified framework for determining image
integrity is presented by Chen et al. [31]
using a stochastic fingerprint of imaging
sensors named photo response non
uniformity noise. In contrast, forgery
dependent methods are designed to detect an
only certain type of forgeries such as splicing
and copy-move. Rao et al. [5] detect the
presence of splicing based on the
inconsistencies in motion blur. Since forgery
dependent methods focus on exploiting the
unique characteristic for a specific task, these
methods usually have better performance on
a specific forgery detection task. In this work,
we propose a forgery dependent method that
is designed for recoloring detection.
B. Color Transfer Approaches
Recent advances in digital image processing
and enhancement techniques have made new

89 | Haritha K R, Anjan Babu G

 Conference Proceeding of
International Conference on Research Trends in Engineering, Applied Science and
Management (ICRTESM-2018)
Osmania University Centre for International Programmes, Osmania University Campus,
Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
on 16th December 2018, ISBN: 978-93-87433-48-9

and useful applications possible. One
involves color manipulation, which
challenges the reliability of digital images by
generating high-quality composite recolored
images. One commonly used kind of methods
for transferring the color is example-based
recoloring based on the statistics of the color
distribution in images. In [1], Reinhard et al.
propose a color transfer method by globally
transferring colors. They apply a simple
statistical analysis to imposing one image’s
color characteristics on another in the Lab
color space. The color transferring can
effectively and efficiently generate a
convincing output. A refined probabilistic
model is used in [14] to further improve this
technique. To better perform nonlinear color
adjustments, Pitie et al. [3] utilize a N
dimensional probability density function and
employ a postprocessing algorithm to
maintain the gradient field of the original
image. In [2], Beigpour et al. present a
physical model of the image formation and
apply to color transferring, making the results
more realistic. All the above methods require
an example image as input and we call this
type of methods example-based recoloring.
Another kind of recoloring methods is based
on edit propagation, which means drawing
scribbles on different regions and
propagating these edits to pixels
automatically. This technique for propagating
user edits is introduced in [32] firstly. An and
Pellacini [16] extend this work by properly
approximating the affinities between all
pixels. Chen et al. [33] propose a sparsity-
based edit propagation by using sparse
dictionary learning for accelerating and
saving memory. Palette-based recoloring
methods have been proposed recently. A
probabilistic factor graph model is developed
by Lin et al. in [34] to learn the properties of
example patterns for coloring 2D patterns.
Recently, in [4], Chang et al. extract a color
palette of an image by clustering and create a
useful tool for recoloring by editing a color
palette.
EXISTING SYSTEM
The existing system involves forgery
detection methods adopt some description
techniques to combine the information
attained by evidence estimators. However,
every description technique has its own
limitations and drawbacks. Recently, CNNs
have shown an explosive popularity in image
classification and other computer vision
tasks. Traditional neural networks employ the
original image in RGB channels as the input
since it contains information about the
picture such as color and structural features.
III PROPOSED SYSTEM
In this paper, we use three feature extractors
and a feature fusion module to learn forgery-
relevant features. The flowchart of our
proposed approach is shown in Figure 2. We
adopt the original image as one of the input

90 | Haritha K R, Anjan Babu G

 Conference Proceeding of
International Conference on Research Trends in Engineering, Applied Science and
Management (ICRTESM-2018)
Osmania University Centre for International Programmes, Osmania University Campus,
Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
on 16th December 2018, ISBN: 978-93-87433-48-9

branches like traditional neural networks. part. Finally, a fully connected layer whose
Additionally, we derive DIs and IM as two output is a two-dimension vector and a soft-
pieces of evidence of image recolored max layer make up the classification phase.
detection based on the observations that The convolutional layer parameters are
images may not maintain the inter-channel denoted as” conv-<filter size>-<the number
correlation or illuminant consistency after the of channels>”.
recoloring process. These two pieces of
Architecture:
evidence are employed as two additional
input branches together with the original Given an image to be judged, the difference
image. images (DIs) and the illuminant map (IM) are
IV METHODOLOGY calculated firstly. Then the DIs and IM
The backbone is based on the recent VGGnet together with the input image in RGB
[57], which is a 16-layer model. The channels are served as the inputs of our deep
convolutional layers mostly have very small neural network. The network backbone is
3 3 filters, which outperforms larger filters based on the VGG network and outputs a
[57]. Our network contains three phases: two-dimensional vector for distinguishing the
feature extraction, fusion and the final input is recolored or not.
classification step, which are labeled in
Figure 2. In the feature extraction phase, we
extract the features of each input using the
first three convolutional stages of the
VGGnet. This phase is equal to description
techniques in traditional methods. The
parameters for different inputs are not shared.
In the fusion phase, we first connect the
features extracted in the front phase by a
concatenate layer. Then the remained two
stages of the VGGnet are applied to the
connected features, followed by two 4096-
dimension fully connected layers. Com-pared
to traditional methods, this phase is used to
replace the feature selection or integration

91 | Haritha K R, Anjan Babu G

 Conference Proceeding of
International Conference on Research Trends in Engineering, Applied Science and
Management (ICRTESM-2018)
Osmania University Centre for International Programmes, Osmania University Campus,
Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
on 16th December 2018, ISBN: 978-93-87433-48-9

detection. Both the inter-channel correlation

Figure: System Overview
We use the front three stages of the VGG net
to extract the features of each input and
concatenate these features, followed by two
convolution stages. In this section, we
explore different architectural designs of the
network and study the relations between
recoloring performance and factors like
different input branches concatenate layers,
networks and illuminant estimation
algorithms.
V CONCLUSION
In this work, we present a novel deep
learning approach for recolored image
and the illumination consistency are
employed to help the feature extraction. We
elaborate the design principle of our
RecDeNet and systematically validate the
rationality by running a number of
experiments. Furthermore, two recolored
datasets with different sources are created
and the high performance of our RecDeNet
demonstrates the effectiveness of the model.
We hope our simple yet effective RecDeNet
will serve as a solid baseline and help future
research in recolored images detection. Our
future work will focus on designing a more
effective network architecture and searching
for some high-level cues for better
distinguishing.
VI REFERENCES
[1] E. Reinhard, M. Ashikhmin, B. Gooch,
and P. Shirley, “Color transfer between
images,” IEEE Computer Graphics
Applications, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 34–41,
2001.
[2] S. Beigpour and J. van de Weijer,
“Object recoloring based on intrinsic
image estimation,” ICCV, 2010.
[3] F. Pitie, A. C. Kokaram, and R.
Dahyot, “Automated colour grading
using colour distribution transfer,”
Compute V is Image Underset, pp.
123– 137, 2007.

92 | Haritha K R, Anjan Babu G

 Conference Proceeding of
International Conference on Research Trends in Engineering, Applied Science and
Management (ICRTESM-2018)
Osmania University Centre for International Programmes, Osmania University Campus,
Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
on 16th December 2018, ISBN: 978-93-87433-48-9

[4] H. Chang, O. Fried, Y. Liu, S. DiVerdi, [10] M. C. Stamm and K. J. R. Liu,

and A. Finkelstein, “Palette-based “Forensic detection of image
photo recoloring,” ACM Transactions manipulation using statistical intrinsic
on Graphics (Proc. SIG-GRAPH), vol. fingerprints,” IEEE Transactions on
34, no. 4, 2015. Information Forensics and Security,
[5] M. P. Rao, A. N. Rajagopalan, and G. vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 492–506, 2010.
Seetharaman, “Harnessing motion blur [11] T. J. de Carvalho, F. A. Faria, H.
to unveil splicing,” IEEE Transactions Pedrini, R. da S. Torres, and A. Rocha,
on Information Forensics and Security, “Illuminant-based transformed spaces
vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 583–595, 2014. for image forensics,” IEEE
[6] G. Muhammad, M. Hussain, and G. Transactions Inf. Forensics Security,
Bebis, “Passive copy move image vol. 11, no. 4, 2016.
forgery detection using undecimated [12] J. van de Weijer, T. Gevers, and A.
dyadic wavelet transform,” Digital Gijsenij, “Edge-based color
Investigation, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 49–57, constancy,” IEEE Transactions Image
2012. Process, 2007.
[7] G. Cao, Y. Zhao, R. Ni, and X. Li, [13] J. S. Ho, O. C. Au, J. Zhou, and Y.
“Contrast enhancement-based forensics Guo, “Inter-channel DE mosaicking
in digital images,” IEEE Transactions traces for digital image forensics,” in
on Information Forensics and Security, IEEE International Conference on
vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 515–525, 2014. Multimedia and Expo, 2010, pp. 1475–
[8] X. Pan and S. Lyu, “Region duplication 1480.
detection using image feature [14] F. Pitie and A. C. Kokaram, “The linear
matching,” IEEE Transactions on monge-kantorovitch linear colour
Information Forensics and Security, mapping for example-based colour
vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 857–867, 2010. transfer,” IETCVMP, pp. 1–9, 2007.
[9] X. Zhao, J. Li, S. Li, and S. Wang, [15] Grogan, M. Prasad, and R. Dahyot,
“Detecting digital image splicing in “L2 registration for colour transfer,”
chroma spaces,” in Digital European Signal Processing
Watermarking - International Conference, 2015.
Workshop=, 2010, pp. 12–22. [16] X. An and F.Pellacini, “Appprop: all-
pairs appearance-space edit

93 | Haritha K R, Anjan Babu G

 Conference Proceeding of
International Conference on Research Trends in Engineering, Applied Science and
Management (ICRTESM-2018)
Osmania University Centre for International Programmes, Osmania University Campus,
Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
on 16th December 2018, ISBN: 978-93-87433-48-9

propagation,” ACM Transactions on Representation, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 782–

Graphics, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 15–19,
2008.
[17] R. Chamlawi, A. Khan, and I. Usman,
“Authentication and recovery of images
using multiple watermarks,” Computers
and Electrical Engineer-ing, vol. 36,
no. 3, pp. 578–584, 2010.
[18] G. S. Spagnolo and M. D. Santis,
“Holographic watermarking for
authentication of cut images,” Optics
and Lasers in Engineering, vol. 49, no.
12, pp. 1447–1455, 2011.
[19] L. Rosales-Roldan, M. Cedillo-
Hernandez, M. Nakano-Miyatake, H.
Perez-Meana, and B. Kurkoski,
“Watermarking-based image
authentication with recovery capability
using halftoning technique,” Signal
Processing Image Communication, vol.
28, no. 1, p. 6983, 2013.
[20] C. S. Lu and H. Y. M. Liao, “Structural
digital signature for image
authentication: an incidental distortion
resistant scheme,” IEEE Trans-actions
on Multimedia, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 161–
173, 2003.
[21] X. Wang, J. Xue, Z. Zheng, Z. Liu, and
N. Li, “Image forensic signature for
content authenticity analysis,” Journal
of Visual Communication and Image
797, 2012.
[22] M. Sengupta and J. Mandal,
“Authentication through transformation
generated signature on g-let d3
domain,” Procedia Technology, vol. 10,
pp. 121–130, 2013.
[23] Z. P. Zhou and X. X. Zhang, “Image
splicing detection based on image
quality and analysis of variance,” in
International Conference on Education
Technology and Computer, 2010, pp.
242–246.
[24] C.-M. Pun, X.-C. Yuan, and X.-L. Bi,
“Image forgery detection using
adaptive over segmentation and feature
point matching,” IEEE Transactions on
Information Forensics and Security,
vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 1705– 1716, 2015.
[25] Y. Cao, T. Gao, L. Fan, and Q. Yang,
“A robust detection algorithm for copy-
move forgery in digital images,”
Forensic science international, vol. 214,
no. 1, pp. 33–43, 2012.
[26] J. Zhao and J. Guo, “Passive forensics
for copy-move image forgery using a
method based on dct and svd,” Forensic
science international, vol. 233, no. 1,
pp. 158–166, 2013.
[27] L. Jing and C. Shao, “Image copy-
move forgery detecting based on local

94 | Haritha K R, Anjan Babu G

 Conference Proceeding of
International Conference on Research Trends in Engineering, Applied Science and
Management (ICRTESM-2018)
Osmania University Centre for International Programmes, Osmania University Campus,
Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
on 16th December 2018, ISBN: 978-93-87433-48-9

invariant feature.” Journal of Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2014,

Multimedia, vol. 7, no. 1, 2012. pp. 2854–2861.
[28] Z. Junhong, “Detection of copy-move [34] S. Lin, D. Ritchie, M. Fisher, and P.
forgery based on one improved lle Hanrahan, “Probabilistic color-by-
method,” in 2nd International numbers: Suggesting pattern
Conference on Advanced Computer colorizations using factor graphs,”
Control, vol. 4, 2010, pp. 547–550. ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol.
[29] C.-M. Hsu, J.-C. Lee, and W.-K. Chen, 32, no. 4, p. 37, 2013.
“An efficient detection algorithm for
copy-move forgery,” in 10th Asia Joint
Conference on Information Security, KOLIMI REDDY HARITHA she
2015, pp. 33–36. is a master of Computer Science
[30] Y. Guo, X. Cao, W. Zhang, and R. (M.Sc) pursuing in Sri
Wang, “Fake colorized image Venkateswara University,
detection,” IEEE Transactions on Tirupati, A.P. She received
Information Forensics and Security, Degree of Bachelor of Science in 2017 from
vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 1932–1944, 2018. Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati. Her
research interests are Cloud Computing, Data
[31] M. Chen, J. Fridrich, M. Goljan, and J.
Mining, and Networking.
Lukas, “Determining image ori-gin and
integrity using sensor noise.” IEEE
Transactions on Information Forensics
and Security, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 74–90,
2008.
[32] A. Levin, D. Lischinski, and Y. Weiss,
“Colorization using optimization,” in
ACM transactions on graphics, vol. 23,
no. 3, 2004, pp. 689–694.
[33] X. Chen, D. Zou, J. Li, and X. Cao,
“Sparse dictionary learning for edit
propagation of high-resolution images,”
in IEEE Conference on Computer

95 | Haritha K R, Anjan Babu G