Leseprobe 548591 en PDF

MPS®PA
Workbook
548591 EN
12/06
Intended use
The Festo Didactic Learning System has been developed and produced solely for
vocational and further training purposes in the field of process automation and
technology. The company undertaking the training and/or the instructors is/are to
ensure that trainees observe the safety precautions specified in this workbook.
Festo Didactic herewith excludes any liability for damage or injury caused to
trainees, the training company and/or any third party, which may occur if the system
is in use for purposes other than purely for training; unless the said damage/injury
has been caused by Festo Didactic deliberately or through gross negligence.
Order No.: 548591

Status: 12/2006
Authors: J. Helmich, ADIRO
H. Kaufmann
Editorial team: M. Linn
Graphics: V. Xhemajli, C. Green, T. Schwab, ADIRO
© Festo Didactic GmbH & Co. KG, 73770 Denkendorf, Germany, 2007
Internet: www.festo-didactic.com
e-mail: did@de.festo.com
The copying, distribution and utilisation of this document as well as the

communication of its contents to others without express authorisation is
prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for the payment of damages. All rights
reserved, in particular the right to carry out patent, utility model or ornamental
design registration.
Parts of this documentation may be copied solely for training purposes by the
authorised user.
®
2 © Festo Didactic GmbH & Co. KG • MPS PA
Contents
Preface ___________________________________________________________ 7
Introduction__________________________________________________________ 8
Safety and operating instructions ________________________________________ 9
Learning system for process automation _________________________________ 10
Training aims and project work _________________________________________ 12
Allocation of training aims and exercises _________________________________ 14
MPS® PA components _________________________________________________ 22
Allocation of components and exercises __________________________________ 27
Methodological training aid for the instructor______________________________ 31
Methodological structure of the exercises_________________________________ 32
Designation of equipment _____________________________________________ 33
Basic definition ______________________________________________________ 33
Electrical components_________________________________________________ 33
Pneumatic components _______________________________________________ 35
Process-engineering components _______________________________________ 36
CD-ROM contents ____________________________________________________ 40
®
© Festo Didactic GmbH & Co. KG • MPS PA 3
Contents
Fundamentals of closed-loop control technology __________________________ 41

1. What is a system? _____________________________________________ 43
2. Open and closed-loop control technology __________________________ 44
3. Basic terminology of closed-loop control technology _________________ 46
4. Controlled systems ____________________________________________ 48
5. Identification of the controlled system ____________________________ 49
5.1 Dynamic behaviour ____________________________________________ 50
6. Characterisation of the response behaviour ________________________ 51
6.1 Order of a system______________________________________________ 52
6.2 Time constant ________________________________________________ 52
6.3 The inflectional tangent model ___________________________________ 53
7. The controller_________________________________________________ 55
7.1 Control response ______________________________________________ 55
7.2 The two-position controller _____________________________________ 56
7.3 The time response of a controller ________________________________ 58
7.4 Technical details of controllers ___________________________________ 60
8. Mode of operation of various controller types_______________________ 61
8.1 The P-controller _______________________________________________ 61
8.2 The I-controller _______________________________________________ 62
8.3 The PI controller ______________________________________________ 63
8.4 The PD controller ______________________________________________ 64
8.5 The PID controller _____________________________________________ 65
9. Optimisation method for controller settings ________________________ 66
9.1 Manual tuning of control parameters without knowledge of the system
behaviour ___________________________________________________ 68
9.2 Tuning rules according to Ziegler/Nichols __________________________ 69
9.3 Tuning rules according to Chien/Hrones/Reswick____________________ 70
9.4 Tuning method according to the rate of rise ________________________ 71
10. Summary ____________________________________________________ 73
®
Contents
Part A – Filtration station
Exercise 1.1: System analysis and appraisal

Exercise 1.1.1: Designation of process components_________________________A-5
Exercise 1.1.2: Completing the P&I diagram _______________________________A-7
Exercise 1.1.3: Completing the pneumatic circuit diagram____________________A-9
Exercise 1.1.4: Determining the technical data of a system __________________A-11
Exercise 1.1.5: Drawing up the allocation list _____________________________A-13
Exercise 1.2: Measurement and open-loop control

Exercise 1.2.1: Characteristics of the prop. pressure valve/filter system _______A-17
Exercise 1.2.2: Logic operation ________________________________________A-21
Exercise 1.2.3: Operating range and operating point of a controlled system ____A-29
Exercise 1.2.4: Identifying a controlled system ____________________________A-33
Exercise 1.2.5: Ramped pressure stages ________________________________A-37
Exercise 1.3: Closed-loop control

Exercise 1.3.1: Two-position controller __________________________________A-39
Exercise 1.3.2: Closed-loop control using conti.-action controllers (P, I, PI) _____A-41
Exercise 1.3.3: Optimisation method according to Ziegler-Nichols ____________A-46
Part B – Mixing station

Exercise 2.1.1: Designation of process components_________________________B-5
Exercise 2.1.2: Preparing a P&I diagram __________________________________B-7
Exercise 2.1.3: Completing the pneumatic circuit diagram____________________B-9
Exercise 2.1.4: Determining the technical data of a system _________________ B-11
Exercise 2.1.5: Drawing up the allocation list ____________________________ B-13

Exercise 2.2.1: Characteristics of the piping-pump system _________________ B-17
Exercise 2.2.2: Logic operation _______________________________________ B-24
Exercise 2.2.3: Operating range and operating point of a controlled system ___ B-33
Exercise 2.2.4: Identifying a controlled system ___________________________ B-36
Exercise 2.2.5: Mixing according to quantity_____________________________ B-40

Exercise 2.3.1: Two-position controller _________________________________ B-43
Exercise 2.3.2: Closed-loop control using conti.-action controllers (P, I, PI) ____ B-45
Exercise 2.3.3: Manual tuning of controller parameters ___________________ B-50
®
Contents
Part C – Reactor station

Exercise 3.1.1:Designation of process components _________________________C-5
Exercise 3.1.2: Completing the P&I diagram _______________________________C-7
Exercise 3.1.3: Not applicable – no pneumatic components
Exercise 3.1.4: Determining the technical data of the system _________________C-9
Exercise 3.1.5: Drawing up the allocation list _____________________________C-11

Exercise 3.2.1: Characteristics of the heating system medium _______________C-15
Exercise 3.2.2: Logic operation ________________________________________C-22
Exercise 3.2.3: Operating range and operating point of a controlled system ____C-29
Exercise 3.2.4: Identifying a controlled system ____________________________C-32

Exercise 3.3.1: Two-position controller __________________________________C-36
Exercise 3.3.2: Closed-loop control using conti.-action controllers (P, I, PI) _____C-38
Exercise 3.3.3: Tuning method according to the rate of rise _________________C-42
Part D – Bottling station

Exercise 4.1.1: Designation of process components________________________ D-5
Exercise 4.1.2: Completing the P&I diagram ______________________________ D-7
Exercise 4.1.3: Completing the pneumatic circuit diagram___________________ D-9
Exercise 4.1.4: Determining the technical data of a system _________________ D-11
Exercise 4.1.5: Drawing up the allocation list ____________________________ D-13

Exercise 4.2.1: Characteristics of the metering tank/pump system___________ D-17
Exercise 4.2.2: Logic operation _______________________________________ D-22
Exercise 4.2.3: Operating range and operating point of a controlled system ___ D-29
Exercise 4.2.4: Identifying a controlled system ___________________________ D-33
Exercise 4.2.5: Inlet and outlet behaviour of the metering tank______________ D-37

Exercise 4.3.1: Two-position controller _________________________________ D-43
Exercise 4.3.2: Closed-loop control using continuous-action controllers (P, I, PI) D-45
Exercise 4.3.3: Optimisation method according to Chien-Hrones-Reswick (CHR) D-50
®
Preface
The Festo Didactic Learning System for process automation and technology is
designed to meet a number of different training and vocational requirements. The
systems and stations of the modular production system for Process Automation
(MPS® PA) facilitate vocational and further training in line with industrial practice.
The hardware is comprised of didactically prepared industrial components.
The MPS® PA stations provide you with an appropriate system whereby the following
key qualifications can be taught in a practice-related form
• Social competence
• Technical competence
• Methodological competence
In addition to this, team work, willingness to cooperate and organisational skills can
also be practised.
Actual project phases can be taught in training projects which include:
• Planning
• Assembly
• Programming
• Commissioning
• Operation
• Optimisation of control parameters
• Maintenance
• Fault finding
®
Introduction
This workbook is a component part of the learning system for process automation
and technology of Festo Didactic GmbH & Co. KG. The system represents a sound
basis for practice-oriented vocational and further training and facilitates a quick and
practice-related introduction to the technologies such as measuring and open and
closed-loop control of process-related variables.
Practice-oriented First comes „learning by doing“ and understanding the effective relationships within
qualification a control loop. Based on this you will gain the necessary knowledge regarding
formulas and calculation.
The control loops and control functions of the MPS® PA stations replicate actual
processes:
Mixing, tempering, filtration and bottling as performed in industry.
The MPS® PA learning system meets the multifaceted training requirements in a wide
range of different branches of industry, e.g.:
• Water supply and

• Waste water disposal
• Food industry
• Bulk material industry
• Chemical and petrochemical industry
• Bio/Pharmaceutical industry
• Paper industry
Clear trend: Reducing process costs, improving system reliability, preventing component wear
From open to closed-loop and tear, e.g. process-optimised operation of pumps, evaluating diagnostic data,
control these are current topics which can be optimally pursued with the MPS® PA learning
system.
• Modular – suitable for use as individual stations or in combination in the form of
a complete system.
• Safe – learning and working in a safe environment.
• Flexible – convertible in the blink of eye for different control variants.
®
Safety and operating instructions
In the interest of your own safety you should follow the safety instructions in the
manuals of the MPS® PA stations.
General
• Trainees must only work on the MPS® PA stations under the supervision of an
instructor.
• Observe the data sheets referring to the individual components, in particular all
notes regarding safety!
®
Learning system for process automation
The learning system for process automation is comprised of a wide range of

individual training media and courses.
Important elements of • Assembled and adjusted MPS® PA station

MPS® PA • Control
– Simulation box, digital/analogue with connecting cables
®
– Software Fluid Lab -PA with EasyPort digital/analogue PC interface,
connecting cable and PC
– PLC board or EduTrainer with touch panel
• PC with installed PLC programming software
• Power supply unit
• Optional training media
• Tools
• Complete laboratory installations
Training documentation
Textbooks Fundamentals of pneumatic control technology

Maintenance of pneumatic devices and systems
Programmable logic controllers, basic level
Workbooks Programmable logic controllers, basic level

Regulation of temperature, flow and fill level
Optional teachware WBT Fundamentals of electropneumatics

FluidSIM® 4.0 Pneumatics
WBT Fundamentals of open and closed-loop control
®
Learning system for process automation
Courses
P111 Introduction to pneumatics
P121 Advanced pneumatic
MCR Fundamentals of closed-loop control technology
E311 Introduction to programmable logic controllers
Venues, dates and prices can be found in the current course planner.
Further training media is detailed in our catalogues and on the Internet. The learning
system for process automation is continually updated and expanded. The
transparency sets, films, CD-ROMs and DVDs as well as technical books are available
in several languages.
®
Training aims and project tasks
Training contents Training contents from the following areas can be carried out:
• Mechanics
– Mechanical construction of a station
• Process engineering
– Reading and preparation of flow diagrams and documentation
– Piping up of process engineering components
– System analysis
• Pneumatics
– Piping up of pneumatic components
• Electrotechnology
– Correct wiring of electrical components
• Sensor technology
– Correct use of sensors
– Measurement of non-electrical, process engineering and closed-loop control
variables
• Closed-loop control technology
– Fundamentals of closed-loop control technology
– Expansion of measuring chains into closed control loops
– Analysis of controlled systems
– Use of controllers
• PLC
– Programming and use of a PLC
– Structure of a PLC program
• Commissioning
– Commissioning of a process engineering system
– Commissioning of a control loop
• Fault finding
– Systematic fault finding on a process engineering system
– Inspecting, maintaining and servicing of process engineering systems
®
Training aims and project tasks
Topics for project tasks Project tasks covering the following topics can be carried out:
• Closed-loop control technology

– Controlled system for pressure control
– Flow rate control
– Temperature control
– Controlled system with compensation and large time constant
– Level control
• Safety monitoring of containers
– Use of a float switch
• Sensor technology
– Pressure measurement with pressure sensor and pressure gauge
– Flow sensor and display of fluids
– Use of level sensors
– Connection of a temperature sensor, signal conversion
– Level sensor for level detection
• Planning, implementing and documenting conversions
The hardware is comprised of didactically prepared industrial components and

systems.
The didactic methodological format of the teachware is harmonised for use with the
training hardware. The teachware includes the following:
• The workbook (with practical exercises, supplementary notes and solutions)
• The textbook (with fundamentals)
The tuition and training media is available in several languages and is designed both
for use in the classroom and self-tuition.
In terms of software, computer training programs and programming software are
available for programmable logic controllers.
A comprehensive range of courses covering the contents of the technology packages
completes the range of vocational and further training programmes.
®
Allocation of training aims and exercise
®
MPS PA Filtration station
Exercises
1.1.1
1.1.2
1.1.3
1.1.4
1.1.5
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.3
1.2.4
1.2.5
1.3.1
1.3.2
1.3.3
Training aims
System overview and components
To familiarise yourself with the

design and mode of operation of the •
filtration station.
To be able to evaluate information

• • • •
from data sheets
Functional description
To be able to read and amend flow

•
diagrams.
To be able to read electrical circuit

• • • • •
diagrams.
To be able to read and amend

•
pneumatic circuit diagrams.

design and mode of operation of a • • • • • • • • •
pump.

design and mode of operation of a •
pressure sensor.

design and mode of operation of • • • • • •
process valves.

design and mode of operation of limit • • • •
switches.
To be able to establish the allocation

of the sensors and actuators of the
• •
station and represent these in an
allocation list.
®
Contents
Part A – Filtration station _____________________________________________A-1

Exercise 1.1.1: Designation of process components_________________________A-5
Exercise 1.1.2: Completing the P&I diagram _______________________________A-7
Exercise 1.1.3: Completing the pneumatic circuit diagram____________________A-9
Exercise 1.1.4: Determining the technical data of a system __________________A-11
Exercise 1.1.5: Drawing up the allocation list _____________________________A-13
Exercise 1.2: Measurement and control

Exercise 1.2.1: Characteristics of the prop. pressure regulator/filter system ____A-17
Exercise 1.2.2: Logic operation ________________________________________A-21
Exercise 1.2.3: Operating range and operating point of a controlled system ____A-29
Exercise 1.2.4: Identifying the controlled system __________________________A-32
Exercise 1.2.5: Ramped pressure stages ________________________________A-36

Exercise 1.3.1: Two-position controller __________________________________A-39
Exercise 1.3.2: Closed-loop control using conti.-action controllers (P, I, PI) _____A-41
Exercise 1.3.3: Optimisation method according to Ziegler-Nichols ____________A-46
®
© Festo Didactic GmbH & Co. KG • MPS PA A-1
Contents
®
A-2 © Festo Didactic GmbH & Co. KG • MPS PA
Exercises MPS• PA Filtration station
Training aims • To familiarise yourself with the design and mode of operation of the filtration
station.
• To be able to read and amend flow diagrams.
• To be able to read and amend pneumatic circuit diagrams.
• To familiarise yourself with the design and mode operation of a filter.
• To familiarise yourself with the design and mode of operation of a pump.
• To familiarise yourself with the design and mode of operation of a pressure
sensor.
• To familiarise yourself with the design and mode of operation of a process valve
• To familiarise yourself with the design and mode of operation of a limit switch.
• To be able to establish the allocation of the sensors and actuators of the station
and represent these in an allocation list.
• To be able to plot and analyse characteristic curves.
• To be able to create a program.
• To be able to determine the operating range and operating point of a controlled
system.
• To be able to identify a controlled system and determine the order of a system.
• To be able to configure a two-position controller and evaluate the control
response.
• To be able to configure continuous-action controllers (P, PI, PID) and evaluate the
control response.
• To be able to parameterise continuous-action controllers (P, PI, PID) according to
the Ziegler-Nichols tuning method.
Information The filtration station is to be used for the partial automation of a production process
in your company. In order to commission the station at a later stage, you are to
familiarise yourself with the functioning of the station and the most important
process components.
• For the analysis of the station you can use the digital/analogue simulation box;
digital/analogue EasyPort with FluidLab® PA or PLC with touch panel.
• You will find information regarding the station and process components in the
station manual, operating instructions and data sheets.
Project assignment 1. Answer the questions and solve the exercises regarding the fundamentals of the
training contents mentioned.
2. Analyse and amend the circuit diagrams.
3. Draw up the allocation list.
4. Determine the characteristics of the components and then evaluate the
components.
5. Create the logic program.
6. Check the circuit sequence.
7. Determine the operating point of the controlled system.
8. Identify the controlled system and determine the order of the system.
®
Exercises MPS® PA Filtration station
9. Set discontinuous-action and continuous-action controllers and evaluate their

behaviour.
®
Exercise 1.1: Filtration station – system analysis and appraisal
Name: Date:
1.1.1 Designation of process components Sheet 1 of 2
Information The filtration station filters a liquid which is pumped through the filter from the
waste water tank via a gate valve. The filtered liquid reaches the pure water tank via
a butterfly valve. The filter can be back-flushed by means of a flushing program. To
remove deposits, controlled compressed air is additionally blasted through the filter
to remove any particles.
Planning You will find the necessary information in the manual of the MPS® PA filtration
station.
The component designations can be found in the electrical circuit diagram and in the
P&I diagram of the station.
Implementation – Determine and complete the designations of the process components in the
system photo below.
Designation of process components
®
Exercise1.1: Filtration station – system analysis and appraisal
Name: Date:
1.1.1 Designation of process components Sheet 2 of 2
– Complete the table.
Designation of No. Designation Meaning or function

process components
1 Pressure sensor
2
F101
3 Gate valve
4
V103
5 3-way ball valve
Evaluation You will find two different inscriptions for the gate valve in the electrical circuit
diagram or P&I diagram.
– Explain the difference.
Comprehension questions
®
Name: Date:
1.1.2 Completing the P&I diagram Sheet 1 of 2
Information The P&I diagram is a technical drawing used in process technology. It represents the
process steps in schematic form. The P&I diagram expresses the geometric course of
the piping and also represents the open and closed-loop control components
according to DIN 10628. Measured variables are also referred to as
EMCS points in accordance with DIN 19227-1 (EMSR points).
station.
The designations and symbols of the components can be found in the workbook
introduction.
Implementation – Collect the information regarding the correct designation and symbols and
complete the P&I diagram for the filtration station.
P&I diagram
The designation of components in the P&I diagram enables you to analyse the
functioning of the system.
®
Name: Date:
1.1.2 Completing the P&I diagram Sheet 2 of 2

– Describe the meaning or function of the designations below.
Functional description of Designation Meaning or function

components
Filter
LS-
LA+
Digital pump
Evaluation – State the difference between the designations of the measuring points
LA+ and LS+?
®
Name: Date:
1.1.3 Completing the pneumatic circuit diagram Sheet 1 of 2
Information The allocation of pneumatic components in a circuit diagram is the differentiating

factor for the allocation of these components into their respective component
groups.
station.
The circuit diagrams, designations and symbols of components can be found in the
workbook introduction, the technical documentation of the MPS® PA station and in
FluidSIM® Pneumatics.
Implementation – Collect the information regarding the correct designation and symbols of
pneumatic components and complete the pneumatic circuit diagram for the
filtration station.
Pneumatic circuit diagram
®
Name: Date:
1.1.3 Completing the pneumatic circuit diagram Sheet 2 of 2

– Describe the meaning or function of the designations below.
Functional description of Symbol Meaning or function

pneumatic components
5/2-way valve
Evaluation – What is the meaning of the 5/2-way valve designation?

– What is the function of an exhaust air flow control on a pneumatic cylinder?
®
Name: Date:
1.1.4 Determining the technical data of a system Sheet 1 of 2
Information Different process components are used in the MPS® PA filtration station. The
technical data regarding the function of components within the station are of major
significance.
Planning You will find the necessary information in the manual of the MPS® PA Filtration
station.
The data sheets and circuit diagrams of process components can be found in the
technical documentation of the MPS® PA station.
Implementation – Look through the documentation and complete the table.
Technical data Component Designation in Function Characteristics

flow diagram
Voltage [V] ______

Electric power [W] ______
Pump P201
Max. throughput [l/min]
______
Proportional-
Setpoint voltage [V] ______
pressure
Pressure range [bar] ______
regulator
Min. pneum. pressure [bar] ______

3-way ball
Max. current intensity [mA]
valve
______
Pressure Pressure range [bar] ______

sensor Sensor signal [V] ______
Filling amount up to contact [l] ______

Limit switch
Type (normally open/normally closed
up
contact) ______
Filling amount up to contact [l] ______

Limit switch
Type (normally open/normally closed
down
contact) ______
®
Name: Date:
1.1.4 Determining the technical data of a system Sheet 2 of 2
Evaluation – Describe the design and function of the proportional pressure regulator.
®
Name: Date:
1.1.5 Drawing up the allocation list Sheet 1 of 3
Information In order to analyse the function of the MPS® PA filtration station, the station is to be
controlled by means of the digital/analogue simulation box; digital/analogue
EasyPort with FluidLab®-PA or PLC with touch panel. This enables you to allocate the
output and input signals. The allocation list forms the basis of programming a
process sequence of the station.
station.
The data sheets and circuit diagrams of process components can be found in the
technical documentation of the MPS® PA station.
Implementation – Fill the waste water tank with approx. 7 l of water.

– Connect the digital/analogue simulation box, digital/analogue EasyPort with
FluidLab®-PA or the PLC with touch panel to the I/O terminal and the analogue
terminal of the station.
– Operate the pumps and valve and observe the system and LED statuses on the
I/O terminal of the system.
– Complete the allocation lists.
Allocation list of Symbol EasyPort/ PLC address Description Check

digital inputs Simbox address
1B1 DI 0 Air jet pressure
DI 1
DI 2
1B4 DI 3 Tank B102 top
DI 4
DI 5
DI 6
DI 7
Allocation list of Symbol EasyPort/ PLC address Description Check

analogue inputs Simubox
address
1PV1 AI0 Actual value X (pressure)
®
Name: Date:
Allocation list of digital Symbol EasyPort/ PLC address Description Check

outputs Simubox
address
DO 0
1M2 DO 1 Pump P101 – waste water
DO 2
DO 3
DO 4
DO 5
DO 6
DO 7
Allocation list of analogue Symbol EasyPort/ PLC address Description Check

outputs Simubox
address
Manipulated variable Y,
1CO1 AO 0
Proportional pressure regulator
Check Observe the status of all inputs and outputs and enter the result in the table.
Compare the input/output signal with the status displays on the digital/analogue
simulation box, digital/analogue EasyPort with FluidLab®-PA or PLC with touch
panel.
®
Name: Date:
Evaluation – Describe the behaviour of the analogue final control element (proportional
pressure regulator) when actuated via analogue signal.
®

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Order No.: 548591

The copying, distribution and utilisation of this document as well as the

Fundamentals of closed-loop control technology __________________________ 41

Part A – Filtration station

Exercise 1.1: System analysis and appraisal

Exercise 1.2: Measurement and open-loop control

Exercise 1.3: Closed-loop control

Part B – Mixing station

Exercise 2.1: System analysis and appraisal

Exercise 2.2: Measurement and open-loop control

Exercise 2.3: Closed-loop control

Part C – Reactor station

Exercise 3.1: System analysis and appraisal

Exercise 3.2: Measurement and open-loop control

Exercise 3.3: Closed-loop control

Part D – Bottling station

Exercise 4.1: System analysis and appraisal

Exercise 4.2: Measurement and open-loop control

Exercise 4.3: Closed-loop control

• Water supply and

The learning system for process automation is comprised of a wide range of

Important elements of • Assembled and adjusted MPS® PA station

Textbooks Fundamentals of pneumatic control technology

Workbooks Programmable logic controllers, basic level

Optional teachware WBT Fundamentals of electropneumatics

P111 Introduction to pneumatics

P121 Advanced pneumatic

MCR Fundamentals of closed-loop control technology

E311 Introduction to programmable logic controllers

• Closed-loop control technology

The hardware is comprised of didactically prepared industrial components and

System overview and components

To familiarise yourself with the

To be able to evaluate information

To be able to read and amend flow

To be able to read electrical circuit

To be able to read and amend

To familiarise yourself with the

To familiarise yourself with the

To familiarise yourself with the

To familiarise yourself with the

To be able to establish the allocation

Part A – Filtration station _____________________________________________A-1

Exercise 1.1: System analysis and appraisal

Exercise 1.2: Measurement and control

Exercise 1.3: Closed-loop control

9. Set discontinuous-action and continuous-action controllers and evaluate their

Exercise 1.1: Filtration station – system analysis and appraisal

1.1.1 Designation of process components Sheet 1 of 2

Designation of process components

Exercise1.1: Filtration station – system analysis and appraisal

1.1.1 Designation of process components Sheet 2 of 2

– Complete the table.

Designation of No. Designation Meaning or function

5 3-way ball valve

Exercise 1.1: Filtration station – system analysis and appraisal

1.1.2 Completing the P&I diagram Sheet 1 of 2

Exercise 1.1: Filtration station – system analysis and appraisal

1.1.2 Completing the P&I diagram Sheet 2 of 2

– Complete the table.

Functional description of Designation Meaning or function

Exercise 1.1: Filtration station – system analysis and appraisal