NTSE FACTS # 09

MAP READING
1. Map is a representation of selected features of the whole
earth or a part of it on a plane surface with conventional signs.
2. Elements of maps are- Direction, title & subtitle,
Conventional Signs
3. A list of conventional signs is released by The Survey
Department ( important)
4. Map can only be drawn using scale;which is the ratio of the
distance of two points on the the map and the actual distance
between the two points on the ground. For example
1cm: 10,00,000 cm
5. Representative Fraction is the scale in which numerator is 1,
represents the distance on the map and denominator
represents the distance on the ground.
6. If RF in a map is 1: 1,00,000 this means 1 unit of map
represents 1,00,000 units on ground.
7. Physical maps are used to show
mountains,plateaus,plains,valleys etc.
8. Political maps are used to show states,capitals,cities
9. Distribution maps are used to show distribution of
rainfall,Minerals,temp.,forest, population etc.
10.Special maps are drawn for special purpose like military
maps,weather maps,relief maps etc.
11. Height is measured from the sea level.The imaginary lines
joining places having same elevation from sea level are called
contour lines.
12. The height of contour lines is measured from the mean sea
level known as DATUM PLANE.
13. The maps of our country are made by the National Survey
of India. Its head office is in DEHRADUN(Uttarakhand)14.
Publication of Weather maps is started in India from 1875 from
Pune.
15. For preparing weather map the observations are taken in
morning at 8.30 am and in evening 5.30 pm.
16. The Meteorological Department of India was set up in 1864
in Bengal.Its office was in Shimla but after WW2 the head office
was set up in Delhi.
17. IMD has been divided into 5 regions
DELHI,NAGPUR,MUMBAI,CHENNAI,KOLKATA.
18. The international weather indicators were given recognition
in International Meteorological Meet held in Warsa(Italy) in the
year 1935.
19. In cyclones air moves from high pressure to low pressure.
In northern hemisphere it is anti clockwise and in southern
hemisphere it is clockwise.
20. Anti cyclones are opposite to that of cyclones.
21. The system of measuring wind speed was pioneered by
British Naval Chief Beaufort in 1805.
22. The wind indicator shows speed through its rear wings and
direction through its front end. It is measured by knot. 1 knot=
1.85 km/hr.

NTSE FACTS #10

Information on Buddhism
1. Gautam Buddha was founder of Buddhism born in 563 BC at
Lumbini of Kapilavastu state.
2. He was born in Sakya kshatriya clan. His father was
Shuddhodan and mother was mahamaya.
3. Buddha was named Siddharth at his childhood. Due to early
death of his mother he was raised by his aunt Gautami.
4. He was married to Yashodhara and his son's name was
Rahul.
5. After seeing these 4 great sights he renunciated the world.
Those sights were- an old man,a diseased person,a dead body,
ascetic.
6. Buddha renunciated home at the age of 29 and this is known
as Mahabhinishkraman. His first teacher was Alara Kalama.
7. At the age of 35 years he attained Nirvana(enlightenment)
under a peepal tree on the banks of river Falgu at Gaya and
from then on this place is called bodhagaya.
8. Buddha delivered his first sermon at Saranath and this
incident is known as Dharm chakra pravartan.
9. Buddha died at the age of 80 years in 483 BC at Kushinagar
(UP). This incident is known as Mahaparinirvan.
10. Buddhist philosophy is based on 4 noble truths and 8 fold
paths.
11. Three jwels of Buddhism are Buddha,Dharma,Sangha.
12. Most of the Buddhist text was in pali language. Tripitaka are
the most sacred among them. Pitaka means basket.
13. There are 3 pitakas - Sutta Pitaka: Buddha's sayings, Vinay
Pitaka: monastic codes and Abhi dhamma Pitaka : religious
teachings of Buddha
14. Milindpanho ( Questions of Milind) written by Nagsen is also
a great source of knowledge about Buddhism.
15. Dipavams and Mahavams are written in Srilanka are also
Buddhist literature.
16. There are 4 Buddhist councils held in ancient time. After 4th
Buddhist council Buddhism divided into 2 sects : Hinayan &
Mahayan.
17. 4 Buddhist councils were sent in photo.
18. Bimbisar,Ajatashatru,Kal ashoka,Ashoka(his son Mahendra
& daughter Sangh mitra) and Kanishka were the great follower
of Buddhism.
NTSE FACTS #11
FACTS ON JAINISM
1. Mahavir was the 24th Tirthankar of Jainism
2. He was son of Siddharth and Trishala and was born in kund
gram near vaishali Bihar.
3. He renounced his family at the age of 30 after his father's ly
and after 12 years of penance attained kaivaly(supreme
knowledge) and called Jina which means conquerer and his
followers were called as jains.
4. Jainism is based on Ahimsa or non violence.
5. Five vows (principles) of Jainism are: Ahimsa( non
violence),Satya( truth),Asteya(not to steal),Aparigrah(non
passesion),Bramhcharya.
5. Three jwels of Jainism are: Right faith,Right knowledge and
Right action.
NTSE FACTS#12
INDUS VALLEY CIVILISATION (2500BC-1750BC)
1. John Marshall was the first scholar to use the term indus
valley civilisation.
2. It is also known as Harrapan Civilisation after its first
discovered site HARRAPA.
3. HARRAPA was discovered by Dayaram Sahni in 1921 on
the banks of river Ravi.Now it is in punjab province of Pakistan.
4. It is also known as copper age or bronze age civilisation.
5. Another imp site is Mohen jo daro meaning mound of the
dead, discovered by RAKHLA DAS BANERJEE in 1922. Now it
is in Sindh province of Pakistan.
6. Other imp.sites of this civilisation are kalibangan(Rajasthan),
Ropar(Punjab),Bangali(Haryana), Dhaulavira,Lothal ( Gujarat).
7. There are no evidences of temples in this civilisation...People
worshipped trees,rains,fire and mother goddess,pashupati.
8. Lothal was a dockyard which proves that indus people had
relations with other contemporary civilisations.
9. Great Bath,Dancing girl statue, Sculpture of bearded
man(Yogi baba) wearing shawl,Granary,pashupati seal,chariot
wheel have been discovered in Mohen jo daro.
10. Many scholars believe that this civilisation should be called
as Indus - Saraswati civilisation because a large scale
settlement was around saraswati river which eventually
disappeared.
11. Dr. Shreedhar has great contribution in research of river
sarswati.
12. INDUS VALLEY CIVILISATION is famous for its town
planning. Roads crossed each other at right angle.
13. Many seals have been found having signs of
unicorn,humped bull,pashupati(shiva).
14. Men and women both wore ornaments. Terracotta toys
were very popular.People did agriculture and had other
occupations as well
15. The indus script is pictographic and written from right to left
and then in the next line left to right.
16. Weights and measurements were in the ratio of 16.
17. Historians put forward many theories regarding decline of
this civilisation.
18. Aryan invasion and devastation because of large scale
flood are very common among them.

NTSE FACTS #13

Natural vegetation and wildlife
1. The vegetation which grows without human interference is
called natural vegetation.
2. Around 47000 plant species found in India so India is at 10th
place in world and 4th in Asia.
3. The vegetation which is basically Indian is known as
endemic vegetation and which brought from outside India is
known as exotic vegetation.
4. Many exotic plants have created problems for us for eg.water
hyacinth is called terror of West Bengal because of its growth in
rivers and drains.