Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Geografie Economica Mondiala
Geografie Economica Mondiala
CAPITOLUL 1
INTRODUCERE ÎN GEOGRAFIA ECONOMICÃ
Cuprins:
Obiective:
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Universitatea din Bucureşti Facultatea de Geografie
GEOGRAFIE ECONOMICÃ MONDIALÃ
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Universitatea din Bucureşti Facultatea de Geografie
GEOGRAFIE ECONOMICÃ MONDIALÃ
ISTORIE
Geografie Economie
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GEOGRAFIE ECONOMICÃ MONDIALÃ
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Universitatea din Bucureşti Facultatea de Geografie
GEOGRAFIE ECONOMICÃ MONDIALÃ
Bibliografie selectivã:
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Universitatea din Bucureşti Facultatea de Geografie
GEOGRAFIE ECONOMICÃ MONDIALÃ
Carbon L.B., (1971), Essai sur l’histoire de la pensée et des doctrines economiques,
Editura Montchretien;
Claval P., (1976), Élements de géographie économique, Paris.
Dumitrescu S., Bal Ana, (1999), Economie mondialã, Editura Economicã, Bucureºti.
Engels F. (1966), Dialectica naturii, Editura Politicã, Bucureºti;
Galbraith J.K., (1982), ªtiinþa economicã ºi interesul public, Editura Politicã,
Bucureºti;
Généreux J., (1992), Introduction á l’économie, Paris;
Gide Ch., Rist Ch., (1926), Istoria doctrinelor economice, de la fiziocraþi pânã azi,
Editura Casei ªcolilor, Bucureºti;
Ivanciu Nicolae-Vãleanu (1992), Istoria gândirii economice, Edit. Didacticã ºi
Pedagogicã, Bucureºti;
Keynes J.M., (1970), Teoria generalã a folosirii mâinii de lucru, a dobânzii ºi a banilor,
Ed.ªtiinþificã, Bucureºti;
Lamartiere Geneau Isabelle, Staszak J F., (2000), Principes de géographie
économique, Breal, Paris.
Malthus Th. R., (1846), Principles of Political Economy, Guillaumin, Paris;
Manoilescu M., (1986) Forþele naþionale productive ºi comerþul exterior.Teoria
protecþionismului ºi a schimbului internaþional, Editura ªtiinþificã, Bucureºti;
Marx K., (1959), Teorii asupra plusvalorii, Editura Politicã, Bucureºti;
Mun Th., (1669), Englad’s Treasure by Forein Trade, London;
Peptenatu D., Drãghici C., Cepoiu Loreta (2006), Geografie economicã mondialã,
Editura Universitarã, Bucureºti;
Quesnay Fr., (1958), Analyse du Tableau economique, Paris;
Simonde de Sismondi, (1827), Noveaux principes d’economie politique, ou de la
richesse dans ses rapports avec la population, Editura Delaunay, Paris;
Smith A., (1965), Avuþia naþiunilor, Editura Academiei, Bucureºti;
Wallerstein E., (1974), The modern world system, Mc Millan, Londra;
Walras L., (1953), Eléments d’économie politique pure, Paris.
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Universitatea din Bucureşti Facultatea de Geografie
GEOGRAFIE ECONOMICÃ MONDIALÃ
CAPITOLUL 2
PROCESE ACTUALE ÎN DINAMICA ECONOMIEI MONDIALE
Cuprins:
1. Globalizarea economicã
2. Ierarhizarea statelor dupã potenþialul economic ºi dezvoltarea umanã
3. Competitivitatea ºi libertatea economicã
4. Competitivitatea economicã
5. Libertatea economicã
6. Societãþile transnaþionale ºi rolul lor in economia mondialã
7. Investiþiile strãine directe: definire, indice de potenþial ºi de peprformanþã
Obiective:
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Bibliografie minimalã:
Albu Cornel, Andrescu Eugen (1995), Consideraþii privind viitoarea lãrgire spre
“Est” a Uniunii Europene, în Conjunctura economiei mondiale;
Bal Ana (1994), Acordurile de asociere al Uniunea Economicã a þãrilor Est – Europene
(prezentarea comparatã), în Conjunctura economiei mondiale;
Baud Pascal, Bourgeat Serge, Bras Catherine (1997), Dictionnaire de géographie,
Edition Hatier, Paris
Braghinã C., Peptenatu D., (2003), Consideraþii privind conceptul de Geografie
economicã pe plan mondial, Comunicãri de geografie vol. VII, Ed. Universitãþii din
Bucureºti.
Claval P., (1976), Élements de géographie économique, Paris.
Dumitrescu S., Bal Ana, (1999), Economie mondialã, Ed. Economicã, Bucureºti.
Hristea Anca Maria (1995), Spaþiul economic Asia Pacific în perspectiva anilor 2020,
în Conjunctura economiei mondiale;
Lelart M. (1988), Les operations du FMI, Economica, Paris;
Moldoveanu M. (1997), Uniunea Europeanã adoptã o strategie ofensivã în comerþul
mondial, în Conjunctura economiei mondiale;
Peptenatu D. (2001), Geografia Globalizãrii, Comunicãri de Geografie, Editura
Universitãții din Bucureºti, București;
Peptenatu D., Drãghici C., Cepoiu Loreta (2006), Geografie economicã mondialã,
Editura Universitarã, Bucureºti;
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Bibliografie minimalã:
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Competitivitatea este
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pozitiv al investiþiilor
strãine directe (ISD)
asupradin
Universitatea competitivitãþii
Bucureşti Facultatea de Geografie
þãrilor receptoare este
GEOGRAFIE ECONOMICÃ MONDIALÃ
unanim recunoscutã, fie
cã este vorba despre firme
investitoare, autoritãþi ale economiei, la nivelul firmelor locale beneficiare sau
unor state-gazda, analiºti
ai fenomenului. furnizoare ale filialelor strãine, dirijarea de venituri sporite
la bugetul statului sub forma de taxe ºi impozite,
impulsionarea exporturilor constituie tot atâtea coordonate
de-a lungul cãrora sunt prezentate ºi exemplificate efectele
pozitive ale ISD în economiile receptoare.
Creºterea competiþiei obligã firmele sã caute noi
modalitãþi de mãrire a eficienþei, sã transfere anumite
Atragerea de ISD
constituie o problemã activitãþi de producþie pentru reducerea costurilor.
fundamentalã pentru Încetinirea economicã a intensificat presiunile competitive,
economiile în curs de iar Schimbãrile tehnologice au impus costuri în scãdere la
dezvoltare, care
promoveazã diferite
transporturi ºi comunicaþii («decesul distanþei») ºi au
metode ºi mijloace pentru condus la integrãri mai eficiente ale operaþiunilor la
ca intrãrile de capital distanþã.
strãin sã fie cât mai mari.
Atragerea de ISD constituie o problemã
Þãrile dezvoltate cunosc
de câþiva ani o scãdere fundamentalã pentru economiile în curs de dezvoltare, care
procentualã a intrãrilor promoveazã diferite metode ºi mijloace pentru ca intrãrile
de investiþii strãine, dar de capital strãin sã fie cât mai mari. Þãrile dezvoltate cunosc
pe ansamblu, ele continuã
sã atragã de trei ori mai de câþiva ani o scãdere procentualã a intrãrilor de investiþii
multe investiþii decât strãine, dar pe ansamblu, ele continuã sã atragã de trei ori
þãrile din sud. mai multe investiþii decât þãrile din sud.
Distribuþia geograficã a ISD. Comportamentul
investiþional al firmelor este puternic influenþat de
schimbãrile pe termen scurt ale afacerilor, ceea ce s-a
În anul 2003 fluxurile dovedit în evoluþia recentã a investiþiilor strãine directe. În
globale au scãzut –
pentru a doua oarã în anul 2003 fluxurile globale au scãzut – pentru a doua oarã în
ultimul deceniu, dupã un ultimul deceniu, dupã un nivel record atins în anul 2000.
nivel record atins în anul Acesta a fost rezultatul declinului economiei globale,
2000.
îndeosebi în cele mai mari trei economii ale lumii (S.U.A.,
Uniunea Europeanã, Japonia) care au intrat în recesiune.
Încetinirea economicã a intensificat presiunile competitive ºi
a accentuat nevoile de gãsire a unor localizãri la costuri mai
mici. Aceasta poate avea ca rezultat sporirea ISD în activitãþi
care beneficiazã de realocãri sau cãtre economiile unde
costurile cu forþa de muncã sunt mai mici. În acest sens se
explicã creºterile de ISD cãtre China, America Centralã ºi
chiar Africa.
Tabel 2.1
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Tabel 2.2
Distribuþia sectorialã a stocurilor de ISD (%)
Economia Primar Secundar Servicii
1990 2003 1990 2003 1990 2003
Mondial 9 6 42 34 49 60
Þãri dezvoltate 10 6 41 32 49 62
Þãri în curs de 7 7 48 38 45 55
dezvoltare
Sursa: UNCTAD, 2004
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Vi V min
Scor ,
V max V min
unde:
Vi – valoarea variabilei pentru þara respectivã;
Vmin - cea mai micã valoare pentru tarile analizate;
Vmax – cea mai mare valoare din ºirul de þãri.
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ISDi / ISDm
Ip
PIBi / PIBm
unde:
Ip – indicele de performanþã
ISDi – fluxurile de ISD primite de cãtre þara
respectivã;
ISDm - totalul mondial al intrãrilor de ISD;
PIBi - PIB al þãrii;
PIBm - PIB mondial
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Bibliografie minimalã:
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CAPITOLUL 3
GEOGRAFIA TRANSPORTURILOR
Cuprins:
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1. Obiective:
2. Transporturile feroviare
3. Transportuile rutiere
4. Transporturile maritime
5. Transporturile aeriene
6. Test de autoevaluare
7. Rãspunsuri ºi comentarii teste
8. Bibliografia minimalã
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Clasificarea aeroporturilor:
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3. Clasificarea aeroporturilor:
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Bibliografie minimalã:
Erdeli G., Braghinã C., Frãsineanu D., (2000), Geografie economicã mondialã, Ed. Fundaþiei
România de Mâine, Bucureºti;
Gamblin A., (2004), Economia Lumii -2004, Ed. ªtiinþelor Sociale ºi Politice, Bucureºti;
Iaþu C., Muntele I., (2002), Geografie economicã, Editura Economicã, Bucureºti;
Marin I., Nedelcu A., (1994), Geografie mondialã, Editura Prahova S.A., Ploieºti;
Matei H., Neguþ S., Nicolae I., (2003), Enciclopedia statelor lumii, Editia a 9-a, Meronia,
Bucureºti;
Muntele I., (2000), Geografia agriculturii, Edit.Univ.”Al.I.Cuza”, Iaºi;
Negoescu B.,Vlãsceanu Gh., (2001), Geografie economicã. Resursele Terrei, Ed. Meteora Press.
Bucureºti;
Velcea I., Ungureanu Al. (1993), Geografia economicã a lumii contemporane, Ed. ªansa SRL,
Bucureºti;
Vlãsceanu Gh., Negoescu B., (2005)., Geografia transporturilor, Edit. Meteora Press.
Bucureºti;
***(2000-2005), Review of maritime transport, UNCTAD, Geneva.
CAPITOLUL 4
GEOGRAFIA SCHIMBURILOR ECONOMICE
INTERNAÞIONALE
Cuprins:
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Obiective:
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Bibliografie minimalã
BIBLIOGRAFIE
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HRISTEA ANCA MARIA (1995), Spaþiul economic Asia Pacific în perspectiva anilor
2020, în Conjunctura economiei mondiale;
HRISTEA ANCA MARIA (1997), Forþa de muncã ºi ºomaju1 în þãri1e OCDE –
Evo1uþii ºi perspective, în Conjunctura economiei mondia1e;
ILIEª AL., ILIEª DORINA (1998), Resursele naturale, Editura Universitãþii din
Oradea,
INOTAI A. (1994), Some remarks on deve1opments în foreign trade, în Centra1 and
eastern eurpean economise, I.W.E., Papers nr. 36/1994;
IONESCU V. (1972), Combaterea eroziunii solului, I.D.T., Bucureºti.
IORDACHE LUCIA (1994), Orientãri1e po1iticii de restructurare a agricu1turii în
Po1onia în u1time1e douã decenii ºi efecte1e acesteia asupra sectoru1ui agrico1, în
Conjunctura economiei mondia1e;
IVAN MARI1ENA (1997), Situaþia actu1ã a cerecetãrii ºtiinþifice ºi experimenta1e în
Cehia, în Conjunctura economiei mondia1e;
IVANCIU N.V. (1992), Istoria gândirii economice, Edittura Didacticã ºi Pedagogicã,
Bucureºti;
JIRITESCU C. (1978), Re1aþii va1utar – financiare internaþiona1e, Editura ªtiinþificã
ºi Encic1opedicã, Bucureºti;
JOUVEN M. (1942), Les p1antes a hui1e, Editura Rustica, Paris;
KELLOG C. E. (1970), Soil, Plant Agriculture, San Francisco.
KEYNES J.M. (1970), Teoria generalã a folosirii mâinii de lucru, a dobânzii ºi a banilor,
Ed. ªtiinþificã, Bucureºti;
KNAFOU R. (1992), De que1ques rapports souvent contradictoires entre tourism
et1’environnement, La Documentation francaise, Paris;
KOLOSOV I. (1999), Mejdunarodnoe pravo, Izdatelistvo Grand, Moscva;
KOMAREK V. (1993), Czeck and S1ovak Federa1 Repub1ic: a new apporch, în
Economic Transformation în Centra1 Europe – a progress report, Londra;
KRIFA H. (1993) La dinamique des investissments directs etrangers en Po1ogne:
enjeux, determinatnts et impacts, în CEASCH în r. 16/1993;
LAMARTIERE GENEAU ISABELLE, STASZAK J F. (2000), Principes de
géographie économique, Breal, Paris.
LEBEAU R. (1992), Les grands types de structures agraires dans 1e monde,
Editura Nathan, Paris;
LELART M. (1988), Les operations du FMI, Economica, Paris;
LERY F. (1970), Le cacao, Editura PUF, Paris;
LEÞEA I., UNGUREANU AL. (1979), Geografie economicã mondialã, Ed. Didacticã
ºi Pedagogicã, Bucureºti.
LEÞEA I., V1ÃSCEANU GH. (1980), Transporturi1e mondia1e în seco1u1 XX,
Editura A1batros, Bucureºti;
LINDERT H.P. (1986), Internationa1 Economics, Irwin, Homewood, I11inois;
LIUSNEA DANIE1A SEBASTIANA (1994), Stadiu1 reforme1or economice în
repub1ici1e ex-sovietice, în Conjunctura economiei mondia1e;
LUCA I., VASILESCU N. (1957), Cultura orezului, Editura Agrosilvicã de Stat,
Bucureºti.
MAIER A. (2006), Geografie economicã mondialã, Editura Risoprint, Cluj-Napoca;
MALTHUS TH. R. (1846), Principles of Political Economy, Guillaumin, Paris;
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VELCEA I., UNGUREANU AL. (1993), Geografia economicã a lumii contemporane, Editura
ªansa SRL, Bucureºti
CAMPEANU VIRGINIA, (1997), Agricu1tura urbanã ºi 1egi1e pieþei 1ibere, în
Conjunctura economiei mondia1e;
VRÎNCEANU V., VOINEA S. (1968), Cultura plantelor oleaginoase, Editura
Agrosilvicã, Bucureºti.
WALLERSTEIN E. (1974), The modern world system, Mc Millan, Londra;
WALRAS L. (1953), Eléments d’économie politique pure, Paris;
WALTER H. (1978), Vegetaþia pãmântului, Ed. ªtiinþificã, Bucureºti.
WEISNER C. J. (1970), Climate, irrigation and agriculture, Sydney.
WEISS E.A. (1983), Oi1seed Cops, Longman, Londra, New York;
WHITE L. C., GRIFFIN R. P., Mc. KNIGHT L. T. (1966), World economic
geography, Methuen and Co., London.
WHITTLESEY D. (1936), Major agricultural regions of the earth, Annals of the
Association of American Geographers, nr. 26.
ZOTTA B.(1969), Elemente de geografie economicã mondialã, Centrul de Multiplicare
al A.S.E. Bucureºti.
* * * (1966), Le cocotier dans une agriculture, FAO, Roma.
* * * (1972), Raportul FAO asupra orezului, Roma.
* * * (1997), Statistical Yearbook O.N.U., New York.
* * * (1997), Statistics Yearbook, U.N.
* * * (1997), World Development Report, The World Bank.
* * * (2001), FAO Production Yearbook, Roma.
* * * (2001), The World Bank Atlas, Washington.
* * * (2004), Handbook of International Trade and Development Statistics, U.N.,
New York.
* * * (2004), Handbook of International Trade and Development Statistics, U.N.,
New York.
* * * November, 1997, Monthhy Bulletins of Statistics, U.N.
*** (1987), Forum du Development, Raportul Brundtland.
*** (1990-2005), Human Development Report, UNDP, New York.
*** (1990-2005), World Investment Report, UNCTAD, New York
*** (2002), FTAA – Free Trade of the Americas, Draft Agreement;
***(1994), Encyclopédie de l’économie et de la gestion, Hachette Éducation, Paris.
***(2002), World Investment Report 2002, U.N.C.T.A.D.
***(2004), Conjunctura economiei mondiale, Editura Institutului de Economie
Mondialã, Bucureºti;
***Annuaire de 1e popu1ation, O.N.U., New York, 1991;
***Anuaru1 statistic a1 României, Comisia Naþiona1ã de Statisticã, Bucureºti,
1996, 1997;
***At1as mondia11, Nouve11e cartographie de 1a Terre, Editura France 1oisirs,
Paris, 1997;
***Dicþionar ecic1opedic, vo1. I, II, Editura Encic1opedica, Bucureºti, 1993;
***Internationa1 Petro1eum Encyc1opedia, PennWe11 Pub1ishing Co., Tu1sa,
1997;
***L’Etat du monde, Editura 1a Decouverte, Paris, 1998;
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ANEXE
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