Physics 2

Performance Task
3rd Quarter

Submitted by:
Katrina Marie Nuega

Submitted to:
Engr. Eddie Santillan
1. A method for resealing a partially full bottle of wine under a vacuum uses a specially
designed rubber stopper to close the bottle. A simple pump is attached to the stopper, and
to remove air from the bottle, the plunger of the pump is pulled up and then released.
After about 15 pull-and-release cycles the wine is under a partial vacuum. On the 15th
pull-and-release cycle, it is harder to pull up the plunger than on the first cycle. Why?

2. A bottle of juice is sealed under partial vacuum, with a lid on which a red dot or
“button” is painted. Around the button the following phrase is printed: “Button pops up
when seal is broken.” Explain why the button remains pushed in when the seal is intact.
3. A large closed tank is completely filled with water. A valve is then opened at the
bottom of the tank and water begins to flow out. When the water stops flowing, will the
tank be completely empty, or will there still be a noticeable amount of water in it?
Explain your answer.

4. Put an ice cube in a glass, and fill the glass to the brim with water. When the ice cube
melts and the temperature of the water returns to its initial value, would the water level
drop, remain the same, or rise (causing water to spill out)? Explain what you would
observe in terms of Archimedes’ principle.
5. As a person dives toward the bottom of a swimming pool, the pressure increases
noticeably. Does the buoyant force also increase? Justify your answer. Neglect any
change in water density with depth.

6. Which way would you have to spin a baseball so that it curves upward on its way to
the plate? In describing the spin, state how you are viewing the ball. Justify your answer.
7. The first international standard of length was a metal bar kept at the International
Bureau of Weights and Measures. One meter of length was defined to be the distance
between two fine lines engraved near the ends of the bar. Why was it important that the
bar be kept at a constant temperature?

8. Two objects are made from the same material. They have different masses and
temperatures. If the two are placed in contact, which object will experience the greater
temperature change? Explain.
9. A bottle of carbonated soda is left outside in subfreezing temperatures, although it
remains in the liquid form. When the soda is brought inside and opened, it immediately
freezes. Explain why this could happen.

10. A jar is half filled with boiling water. The lid is then screwed on the jar. After the jar
has cooled to room temperature, the lid is difficult to remove. Why?
11. Suppose two different substances, A and B, have the same mass densities. (a) In
general, does one mole of substance A have the same mass as one mole of substance B?
(b) Does 1 m3 of substance A have the same mass as 1 m3 of substance B? Justify each
answer.

12. Above the liquid in a can of hair spray is a gas at a relatively high pressure. The label
on the can includes the warning “Do not store at high temperatures.” Use the ideal gas
law and explain why the warning is given.
13. The kinetic theory of gases assumes that a gas molecule rebounds with the same
speed after colliding with the wall of a container. Suppose the speed after the collision is
less than that before the collision. Would the pressure of the gas be greater than, equal to,
or less than that predicted by kinetic theory? Account for your answer.

14. If the temperature of an ideal gas is doubled from 50 to 100 °C, does the average
translational kinetic energy of each particle double? If not, why not?
15. (a) Is it possible for the temperature of a substance to rise without heat flowing into it?
(b) Does the temperature of a substance necessarily have to change because heat flows
into or out of it? In each case, give your reasoning and use the example of an ideal gas.

16. When a solid melts at constant pressure, the volume of the resulting liquid does not
differ much from the volume of the solid. Using what you know about the first law of
thermodynamics and the latent heat of fusion, describe how the internal energy of the
liquid compares to the internal energy of the solid.
17. A refrigerator is kept in a garage that is not heated in the cold winter or
air-conditioned in the hot summer. Does it cost more for this refrigerator to make a
kilogram of ice cubes in the winter or in the summer? Give your reasoning.

18. The second law of thermodynamics, in the form of Carnot’s principle, indicates that
the most efficient heat engine operating between two temperatures is a reversible one.
Does this mean that a reversible engine operating between the temperatures of 600 and
400 K must be more efficient than an irreversible engine operating between 700 and 300
K? Provide a reason for your answer.