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Automation Industrielle
Industrielle Automation
Office
network
TCP - IP
Ethernet
Plant Network
Ethernet, ControlNet
Fieldbus
intelligent field devices
FF, PROFIBUS, MVB, LON
Sensor Busses
simple switches etc.
CAN, DeviceNet, SDS, ASI-bus, Interbus-S
Industrial Automation
Prof. Dr. Hubert Kirrmann - 2013 Field buses: principles 3.1 - 2
Location of the field bus in the plant hierarchy
File
Edit
SCADA level Operator 23 12
Engineering
4 2 2
33
Plant bus
Programmable
Plant Level Logic Controller
Field bus
Field level
Sensor/
Actor
Bus
Sensor / direct I/O
Industrial Automation
Prof. Dr. Hubert Kirrmann - 2013 Field buses: principles 3.1 - 3
What is a field bus ?
- transmission of numerous small data items (process variables) with bound delay (1ms..1s)
- transmission of non-real-time traffic for commissioning (e.g. download) and diagnostics
- harsh environment (temperature, vibrations, EM-disturbances, water, salt,…)
- robust and easy installation by skilled people
- high integrity (no undetected errors)
- high availability (redundant layout)
- intrinsic safety (in some applications: oil & gas, mining, chemicals,..)
- clock synchronization (milliseconds down to a few microseconds)
- continuous supervision and diagnostics
- low attachment costs ( € 5.- .. €50 / node)
- moderate data rates (50 kbit/s … 5 Mbit/s) but large distance range (10m .. 4 km)
Industrial Automation
Prof. Dr. Hubert Kirrmann - 2013 Field buses: principles 3.1 - 4
Expectations
- reduce cabling
Industrial Automation
Prof. Dr. Hubert Kirrmann - 2013 Field buses: principles 3.1 - 5
The original idea: save wiring
marshalling tray
I/O dumb devices
bar capacity
PLC
(Rangierung,
tableau de brassage (armoire de triage)
COM
PLC
field bus
Industrial Automation
Prof. Dr. Hubert Kirrmann - 2013 Field buses: principles 3.1 - 6
Marshalling (Rangierschiene, Barre de rangement)
Industrial Automation
Prof. Dr. Hubert Kirrmann - 2013 Field buses: principles 3.1 - 7
Distributed peripherals
Industrial Automation
Prof. Dr. Hubert Kirrmann - 2013 Field buses: principles 3.1 - 8
Field busses classes
Office
network
TCP IP
Ethernet
Plant Network
Ethernet, ControlNet
Fieldbus
intelligent field devices
FF, PROFIBUS PA, LON
Sensor Busses
simple switches etc.
CAN, DeviceNet, SDS, ASI-bus, Interbus-S
Industrial Automation
Prof. Dr. Hubert Kirrmann - 2013 Field buses: principles 3.1 - 10
Fieldbus over a wide area: example wastewater treatment
Pumps, gates, valves, motors, water level sensors, flow meters, temperature sensors,
gas meters (CH4), generators, … are spread over an area of several km2
Some parts of the plant have explosive atmosphere.
Wiring is traditionally 4..20 mA, resulting in long threads of cable (several 100 km).
Industrial Automation
Prof. Dr. Hubert Kirrmann - 2013 Field buses: principles 3.1 - 11
Fieldbus over a wide area: Water treatment plant
H1 Speed Fieldbus
JB Segment 1 Segment 3 JB
Sub Station
AO
AI
P ID
PLC
AO
P ID
AI AI AI AI AI AI AI AI P ID AO
AO AO
DI M.C.C.
FB Protoc ol
C onv erter
AI AI
S S S S S
AI AI AI P ID AI P ID AI AI AI AI
AO AO
Source: Echelon
low cost, low data rate (78 kbit/s), may use power lines (10 kbit/s)
Industrial Automation
Prof. Dr. Hubert Kirrmann - 2013 Field buses: principles 3.1 - 13
Fieldbus Application: locomotives and drives
Industrial Automation
Prof. Dr. Hubert Kirrmann - 2013 Field buses: principles 3.1 - 14
Fieldbus Application: automobile
- 8 nodes
- 4 electromechanical wheel brakes
- 2 redundant Vehicle Control Unit
- Pedal simulator
- Fault-tolerant 2-voltage on-board power supply
- Diagnostic System
Industrial Automation
Prof. Dr. Hubert Kirrmann - 2013 Field buses: principles 3.1 - 15
Application: Avionics (Airbus 380)
Industrial Automation
Prof. Dr. Hubert Kirrmann - 2013 Field buses: principles 3.1 - 16
Networking busses: Electricity Network Control: myriads of protocols
Modicom IEC 870-5 DNP 3.0 Conitel RP 570 serial links (telephone)
COM RTU
substation substation
Medium
MV Voltage
Industrial Automation
Prof. Dr. Hubert Kirrmann - 2013 Field buses: principles 3.1 - 18
Engineering a fieldbus: consider data density (Example: Power Plants)
Data are transmitted from the periphery or from fast controllers to higher level, but slower links to
the control level through field busses over distances of 1-2 km.
The control stations gather data at rates of about 200 kbit/s over distances of 30 m.
Planning of a field bus requires to estimate the data density per unit of length (or surface)
and the requirements in response time and throughput over each link.
Industrial Automation
Prof. Dr. Hubert Kirrmann - 2013 Field buses: principles 3.1 - 19
Assessment
Industrial Automation
Prof. Dr. Hubert Kirrmann - 2013 Field buses: principles 3.1 - 20