ANSYS Structural

Mechanics

Steven Varnam
ANSYS UK
© 2010
2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 11 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
 ANSYS Mechanical FEA Suite

• Founded in 1970, ANSYS have been

developing generic Mechanical FEA software
for 40 years
• Originally developed for the nuclear industry,
quality was paramount in its design, now
in accordance with ISO quality controls
• ANSYS FEA has the broadest range of
capabilities in the market-place, with
technologies for:
– Linear & Nonlinear (geometric/material)
analyses
– Static, frequency-domain & time-domain
– 0-D to 3-D elements
– Isotropic, anistropic, layered materials
– ....
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 2 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
ANSYS Mechanical Solutions

ANSYS Mechanical solutions articulates the best in class CAE

products and technology for structural, thermal, acoustics
and coupled physics analysis that offers a unique class of
integrated simulation solution for the entire product
development process …

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 Product Offering/Target Users

• Built upon robust technology offers a range of

products with a clear upgrade path from designers to
analyst.
ANSYS
Functionality/Price
Multiphysics
ANSYS
Mechanical
ANSYS
Structural
ANSYS
Professional
ANSYS
DesignSpace

Front End Mid-Range High-End

Drafting Concept Advanced Virtual

Plan Evaluate Production
CAD Simulation Analysis Prototyping

ANSYS ANSYS ANSYS ANSYS

DesignSpace Professional Structural Mechanical
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 4 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
 Product/Technology Description

Solver Technology

ANSYS ANSYS ANSYS ANSYS

DesignSpace Professional NLT Structural Mechanical

Linear Structural Linear Structural Linear Structural Linear Structural

Steady State Thermal Steady State Thermal Non-Linear Structural Non-Linear Structural
Transient Thermal Linear Dynamics Linear Dynamics
Linear Dynamics Nonlinear Dynamics Nonlinear Dynamics
Steady State Thermal
ANSYS Transient Thermal
Professional NLS Acoustics
Direct Coupled
Linear Structural
Steady State Thermal
Nonlinear Structural
Linear Dynamics

© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 5 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Analysis Methods & Solvers
Elements Technology

Solid Elements Shell Elements

2D Quad/Tri Lower/Higher Order
3D – Hexa/Tetra/Wedge/Pyramid Layered Shells
Layered Solids
Solid Shell

Special Elements
Rebars/Reinforcements Beam Elements
Links/Pipes/Springs Multi material beam analysis
Cohesive Zone Beam Cross Section Definition
User Elements
Gaskets
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 6 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Analysis Methods & Solvers
Materials Modeling

Material Models
Isotropic/Orthotropic Elasticity
Hyperelasticity
Plasticity
Viscoelasticity
Viscoplasticity
Creep
Hyperelastic Material
Other Models
Cast Iron Plasticity
Drucker-Prager
Shape Memory Alloy
USERMAT
Gasket Material
Concrete
Gurson Damage
Gasket Material
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Analysis Methods & Solvers
Contact Analysis

• Node-Node; Node-Surface; Surface-Surface; Line-Line; Line-Surface

• Small and Large Sliding
• Lower and Higher order elements
• Pure Penalty; Augmented Lagrange; Pure Lagrange; MPC contact
• Semi-Automatic Contact Stiffness Update
• Multiphysics Contact; Rigid Contact
• Friction Sliding (Small/Large Deformation)
• Shell/Beam Thickness Effects
• Contact Manager Wizard
• Automatic Assembly Contact

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Analysis Methods & Solvers
Explicit Analysis

• ANSYS Explicit Dynamics Products:

o ANSYS Explicit STR, ANSYS LS-DYNA, ANSYS AUTODYN
• Short duration localized phenomena
• Transient dynamic wave propagation
o Gases, Liquids, Solids and their Interaction (FSI)
• Nonlinear
o Material behavior
o Structural behavior
o Contact/Interaction
• Extreme loadings
• Extreme deformations
o Large strains & strain rates
o Material failure

© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 9 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

 Solutions for the
Nuclear Power Industry
Containment
Passive Safety Systems
Generation IV Reactors
Reactor Pressure Vessels Waste Storage & Handling

Fuel Assemblies

Coolant Pumps
Pressurizers
Steam Generators
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 10 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
 Containment

Challenges
– Determining accurate seismic Hoop stresses in
loads and responses a containment
building with
– Providing accurate safety retrofit hole

analyses to regulators

Benefits of CAE
– Avoid over-designing by performing
accurate seismic analyses
– Accident simulation when 1-D tools
are insufficient
• Impact of accidents on structural
integrity
• Fracture mechanics
• Showing jet-strike survivability

Boeing 747 striking a 3m thick

reinforced concrete wall

Courtesy of CTC, Tokyo, Japan

© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 11 And CAE Associates ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
 Cutting into, then repairing a
Post-Stressed containment vessel
Reduced Repair and
Original Tendons ReTension
Vertical Stress
Hoop Stress

Courtesy CAE Associates

© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 12 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
 Façade Response

• Structure considered is L shaped in

plan with vertical edges attached to an
existing structure.

• Façade about 50m wide by 50m high

with an 8m wide entrance lobby at
ground level.

• Total structure mass approx 2200

tonnes

• Scenario considered was a 100kg

TNT charge detonated 20 m from the
centre of the façade at ground level.

© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 13 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

 Façade Response – Blast Analysis

• Detonation and initial stage of blast

wave propagation used a 1D model
extending 12m from the centre of the
charge.

• 3D model included a rigid

representation of structure.

• Initial analysis stage with gravity and

damping to allow the structure to
reach equilibrium under self weight

• Pressure field files stored at 1ms

intervals for application to structure

© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 14 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

 Façade Response – Blast Analysis

Deflections x 25

© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 15 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

 Fuel Assemblies

Deformation of a
fuel rod spring

Benefits of CAE
– Reduce design time and physical prototypes through simulation
• Spring design
• Assembly seismic vibration analysis
• Fluid-structure interaction simulation
Geometry image courtesy of the Korean Atomic
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 16 Energy Research Institute ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
 Reactor Pressure Vessels

© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

 ANSYS Workbench

• Being part of the ANSYS Workbench

infrastructure opens up several
enhancements in overall process for the
structural mechanics users
– Geometry
– Meshing
– Post-processing
– Reporting
– Process scripting & chaining
– Automatic Project updates
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 18 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
 ANSYS Workbench

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 ANSYS Structural Mechanics

• Geometry
– Direct CAD Links
• Connect to real CAD models
and create true parametric
analysis
– Create analysis geometry
• Geometry clean-up
• Simplification
• Create Shell & Beam
geometry
– Work with imported files
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 20 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
 ANSYS Structural Mechanics

• Preprocessing
• Materials
• Linear-Elastic
• Plastic
• Hyper-elastic
• Creep
• Soils, Concrete
• Damage models
• Meshing
• From fully automatic to highly controlled
• Loads
• Imported data fields
• Time dependant
• Complex systems
• Contact
• Model real assemblies
• Bonded, Frictionless & Frictional contact

© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 21 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

 ANSYS Structural Mechanics

• Solving
• ANSYS solver technology
evolving to keep pace
with PC developments
• Multi-core
• 32 & 64 bit
• Clusters
• GPU

© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 22 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

 ANSYS Structural Mechanics

• Postprocessing
• Stress, Strain, Creep,
Contact, Reactions
• Linearisation
• Images
• Tabular data
Excel
• Movie files
• Automated report
generation

© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 23 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

 ANSYS Structural Mechanics

• ANSYS Structural analysis

© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 24 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

 DesignXplorer

• Start with a workbench defined process

– Use parameters in:
• CAD
• DesignModeler
• SpaceClaim
• Engineering data
• Preprocessor
• Postprocessor
• Derived parameters
– Define design envelope
• Parameter limits
• Descrete/continuous
– Define goal
• Near target
• Min/Max
• Trade offs

© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 25 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

 DesignXplorer

• DOE
– Select DOE type
– Custom + Sampling (OSF)
• Candidate designs
• Response surface
• Six Sigma analysis
– Manufacturing best/worst case

© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 26 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

 Design Assessment
- Introduction

• What is Design Assessment?

– Enables the customer to define additional data that is associated with
their model and then perform custom post processing.
• Custom definition of input data, result definitions & solve + post scripts
– Without any customisation, it enables the combination of existing
solutions
• Static Structural
• Flexible Dynamics (at a specific time)
– Predefined scripts will be supplied for Workbench integration the
BEAMST and FATJACK products.

© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 27 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

 Design Assessment
- Capabilities at R13

• Can be linked with both static

structural and transient analyses (at a
specific time)
• Solution Combinations
• User-defined Python scripts can be
written/run
• API for use with Python scripts
– Able to access: Geometry & Mesh,
Solution Combination data, Attribute
group data, Results selection data Joint Unitary
Check for
• Custom data variables with Solution BEAMCHECK
Combinations
• New Attribute Groups for the application of
user variables to the model.
• New Results type to display the results of
the custom post process.

© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 28 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

 Spectrum Analysis

© 2010
2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 29
29 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
 Spectrum analysis

Deterministic:

• Response Spectrum

• Single-Point Response Spectrum

• Multi-Point Response Spectrum

• Dynamic Design Analysis Method

Probabilistic:

• Random vibration

• Power Spectral Density (PSD)

© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 30 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

 Spectrum analysis

© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 31 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Spectrum analysis -
Static pre-stress

© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 32 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Spectrum analysis –
Modal analysis

© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 33 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

 Advances in Solver Technology

New SNODE Solver for Modal Analysis

Splits FE matrix in to smaller pieces –
SuperNodes

Solves reduced eigenvalue problem
Linear Dynamics

Transforms eigenvectors back to the

original FE domain Block Lanczos

Benefits 80000
Supernode

Ideal for > 3 mil. DOFs , >500 modes 60000

CPU Time

Non-iterative – i.e. will not fail to converge 40000

Does not miss modes 20000

Applications 0

100 1000 4000 8000

Beam, shell or thin geometries Number of Modes

Automotive, aerospace Single Xeon 3.4 GHz processor

►17+ hours reduced to ~1 hour

High frequency response analysis, etc.
►7 TB of I/O reduced to <300 GB
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 34 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
 Spectrum analysis –
Analysis settings

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 Spectrum analysis –
RS loading

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 Spectrum analysis –
Results

© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 37 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

 Spectrum analysis –
Random vibration (PSD) analysis

© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 38 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

 Spectrum analysis - Summary

Single-Point Response Spectrum (SPRS) Random vibration

Power Spectral Density
1. Build model
2. Obtain modal solution 1. Build model
Block Lancos (missing mass) 2. Obtain modal solution
PCG Lancos (missing mass) Block Lancos (missing mass)
Supernode PCG Lancos (missing mass)
3. Obtain spectrum solution Supernode
No. of modes to use 3. Expand modes
Spectrum disp, vel, accl, request stresses if needed
Stiffness damping 4. Obtain spectrum solution
Constant damping ratio Specify stresses if needed
Modal damping Mass damping
4. Expand modes Stiffness damping
5. Combine modes (max 10,000) Freq. Dependent damping ratio
Square Root of Sum of Squares (SRSS) Apply PSD excitation at desired nodes
Complete Quadratic Combination (CQC) 5. Combine modes (max 10,000)
Double Sum (DSUM) ±1σ disp, stress,
Grouping (GRP) 6. Review results
Naval Research Laboratory Sum (NRLSUM)
Rosenblueth (ROSE
6. Review results
Disp, forces, stresses (velocity or accel of)

© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 39 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

 Robust Design of a
nuclear fuel rod and
pin assembly

Courtesy of Korea
Atomic Energy
Research Institute

© 2010
2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 40
40 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
 Fuel pin on spring Courtesy of Korea
Atomic Energy Research Institute

• Hold rod firmly in place

• Avoid fretting wear and damage to fuel cladding

© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 41 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

 Fuel pin on spring Courtesy of Korea
Atomic Energy Research Institute

• Simulation
– Fuel rod depresses spring 0.3mm
– Calculate overall force, local contact pressures and stresses
– Parametric study highlighting the effect of spring width on fuel rod force

© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 42 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

 Fuel pin on spring Courtesy of Korea
Atomic Energy Research Institute
Input parameters

Response parameters

Displacement Stress Stress intensity

Reaction
force

Contact
pressures

© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 43 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

 Fuel pin on spring Courtesy of Korea
Atomic Energy Research Institute

• Response surfaces

© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 44 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

 Fuel pin on spring Courtesy of Korea
Atomic Energy Research Institute

© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 45 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

 Summary

• 20 years ago

– 1 geometry > meshed by hand > 1 set of material properties >

worst case loading > evaluate stresses > assign safety factor

make design decision

• Today

– Import CAD geometry > auto mesh > ±3σ variation in material
properties > ±3σ variation in load values > durability assessment

make design decision

© 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 46 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary