Anatomy MCQ

ISBN: 978-93-88170-05-5
Anatomy MCQ:
Thorax, Abdomen and Pelvis
Bartoș Dana
Bartoș Adrian
Monograph Series
Avid Science Monograph Series
Monograph
Anatomy MQS: Thorax, Abdomen and
Pelvis
Bartoș Dana Monica1,2 and Bartoș Adrian2
1
Anatomy and Embriology Department, UMF “Iuliu
Hațieganu”, Romania
2
Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
“Prof Dr. Octavian Fodor’’, Surgery Department, România
*
Corresponding Author: Bartoș Dana, Anatomy and Em-
briology Department, UMF “Iuliu Hațieganu”, Cluj-Napoca,
Romania; Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepa-
tology ‘’Prof Dr. Octavian Fodor’’, Surgery Department, Cluj-
Napoca, România, Tel: 0040758020399; Fax: 0040264334734;
Email: bartosdanamonica@ gmail.com
First Published June 13, 2018
Copyright: © 2018 Bartoș Dana Monica and Bartoș Adrian.
This book is distributed under the terms of the Creative Com-

mons Attribution 4.0 International License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,
provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s)
and the source.
2 www.avidscience.com
About The Editors

Dana Bartoș was born and
raised in Cluj Napoca, Romania.
After finishing the Medical Uni-
versity she became resident in
general surgery. She got her di-
ploma in this field and now she
is a general surgeon with PhD. in
pancreatic cancer.
Her supraspecialisations are: hepato-bilio-pancreat-
ic surgery, advanced laparoscopic surgery and surgical
endoscopy.
She and her husband (Adrian Bartoș) have multiple
national premiers from which we mention: they intro-
duced in their country for the first time in a public hos-
pital the HIPEC procedure as “standard of care”, the
first Hybrid approach (endoscopico-laparoscopic) for a
pancreatic pseudocyst by the use of a single intragastric
trocar, total laparoscopic duodenopancreatectomy with
spleen vessel preserving, total laparoscopic cephalic du-
odenopancreatectomy.
In concern with her didactic career she is part of the
Anatomy and Embryology department for 13 years, her
current position being assistant professor.
She is author and co-author of over 30 book chapters
and author of two books. She published over 50 articles,
with a Hirsch index of 14 and a total impact factor over
69.
www.avidscience.com 3
Adrian Bartoș was born and

raised in Suceava, Romania. After
finishing the Medical University in
Cluj Napoca he became resident
in general surgery. He got his di-
ploma in this field and now he is a
general surgeon with PhD. in mul-
tiorgan resections.
His supraspecialisations are: hepato-bilio-pancre-
atic surgery, advanced laparoscopic surgery and inter-
ventional and diagnostic ultrasound.
As said in Bartoș Dana biography together they
have multiple national premiers, beside these ones he
also has as national premier the first laparoscopic liver
metastasis ablation, the first pancreatic cancer radiof-
requency ablation.
He is the main surgeon in more than 3000 surgeries
from witch more than 100 cephalic duodenopancrea-
tectomies, more than 80 major liver resections, 37 HI-
PEC procedures.
He is in the editorial board of many international
journals, author and co-author of over 32 articles, 40
book chapters and editor of three books.
Contents Page
Chapter 1
11-16
Thoracic Wall
Authors: Szabo Bianca, Bartoș Adrian, Bartoș
Dana 
Corresponding author and Coordinator of the
chapter: Bartoș Dana
Chapter 2
Abdomino-Pelvic Wall and Diaphragm 17-22
Authors: Bartoș Dana, Breazu Caius, Bartoș
Adrian
chapter: Bartoș Adrian
Chapter 3
Breast 23-25
Authors: Bartoș Dana, Bartoș Adrian
Chapter 4
Mediastinum 26-30
Authors: Bartoș Adrian, Cioltean Cristian, Bartoș
Dana 
Page
Chapter 5
Lungs and Pleura 31-35
Authors: Bartoș Adrian, Bartoș Dana 
Chapter 6
Trachea and Bronchi 36-39
Chapter 7
Heart and Pericardium 40-44
Chapter 8
Esophagus and Vagus Nerve 45-49
Authors: Bartoș Adrian, Breazu Caius, Bartoș
Dana 
Chapter 9
Stomach 50-56
Authors: Iancu Ioana, Bartoș Dana, Bartoș Adrian
Page
Chapter 10
57-61
Duodenum, Jejunum and Ileum
Authors: Stoian Raluca, Bartoș Dana, Bartoș
Adrian
Chapter 11 62-68
Colon
Authors: Iancu Ioana, Bartoș Adrian, Bartoș
Dana 
Chapter 12
Rectum and Anus 69-74
Chapter 13
Liver 75-80
Page
Chapter 14
81-85
Gallbladder and Excretory System Of The
Liver
Authors: Bartoș Adrian, Blidaru Dana, Bartoș
Dana 
Chapter 15
Pancreas 86-92
Authors: Stoian Raluca, Bartoș Dana, Bartoș
Adrian
Chapter 16
93-97
Spleen
Authors: Vanta Oana, Bartoș Dana
Chapter 17
98-102
Kidney and Ureters
Authors: Bartoș Dana, Cioltean Cristian, Bartoș
Adrian
Page
Chapter 18
103-106
Suprarenal Glands
Authors: Vanta Oana, Bartoș Adrian
Chapter 19
Prostate, Urethra, Seminal Vesicles and Duc- 107-111
tus Deferent
Chapter 20
112-116
Urinary Bladder
Authors: Bartoș Dana, Bartoș Adrian  
Chapter 21
117-121
Uterus
Authors: Bartoș Adrian, Iancu Ioana, Bartoș
Dana 
Page
Chapter 22
Ovaries and Fallopian Tubes 122-128
Authors: Căpraș Roxana, Bartoș Dana, Bartoș
Adrian  
Chapter 23
Arteries, Veins and Nerves 129-133
Authors: Bartoș Dana, Bartoș Adrian, Szabo
Bianca
chapter: Szabo Bianca
Chapter 24
134-138
Peritoneum
Authors: Bartoș Adrian, Szabo Bianca, Bartoș
Dana 
Chapter 25
139-145
Pelvis Cavity and Perineum
Authors: Căpraș Roxana, Bartoș Dana, Bartoș
Adrian  
Chapter 01
Thoracic Wall
Szabo Bianca, Bartoș Adrian, Bartoș Dana
Corresponding Author and Coordinator of the chapter:

Bartoș Dana
c. Anterior the xifoid process of

Questionnaire the sternum
d. Anterior and lateral the joined
1. The boundaries of the tho- cartilage of the seventh to twelve
racic inlet are: ribs
e. Lateral the medial surface of
a. Posterior the body of the first the seventh rib
thoracic vertebra 3. The intrinsic muscles of the
b. Anterior the superior border thorax are:
of the manubrium of the sternum
c. Posterior the spinous process a. Transversus thoracis
of the first thoracic vertebra b.Serratus anterior
d. Anterior the xifoid process of c. Serratus posterior superior
the sternum d. Levatores costarum
e. Lateral the medial surface of e. Supracostalis
the first rib
4. What are the actions of the
2. The boundaries of the tho- intrinsic muscles of the thorax?
racic outlet are:
a. Only depress the ribs
a. Posterior the body of the sev- b. Only elevate the ribs
enth thoracic vertebra c. Depress and elevate the ribs
b. Posterior the body of the d. Their main action is to stiffen
twelfth thoracic vertebra the thoracic wall
e. Lateral movements of the tho- rior direction while the muscular

racic wall fibbers of the internal intercos-
tals have an antero-posterior di-
5. The innervation of the intrin- rection
sic muscles of the thorax is done
by: 7. What are the attachments of
the transversus thoracis mus-
a. Posterior rami of the thoracic cles?
spinal nerves for all of them a. Originates from the posterior
b. Intercostal nerves for all of surface of lower sternum
them b. Insertion on the internal sur-
c. Branches of the anterior rami face of costal cartilages 2–6
of the thoracic spinal nerves for c. Origin superior borders of 2nd
all of them or 3rd ribs
d. Branches of the posterior rami d. Insertion on the transverse
of the thoracic spinal nerves for processes of T7–11
all of them e. Insertion on the superior bor-
e. Posterior rami of the thoracic ders of 2nd or 3rd ribs
spinal nerves only for levatores
costarum 8. What are the attachments of
6. What are the characteristics the serratus posterior superior
of the intercostals muscles? muscle?
a. The external intercostals mus- a. Its main point of attachment is
cles are thinner then the internal on the lateral surface of the first
intercostals muscles six ribs just lateral to their angles
b. They are innervated by the lat- b. Its main point of attachment is
eral thoracic nerve on inferior segment of the nuchal
c. There are twelve pairs that ex- ligament then the spinous pro-
tend from the inferior margin of cesses of the seventh cervical and
one rib to the superior margin of superior two or three thoracic
the one inferior to it vertebrae
d. There are eleven pairs that ex- c. Muscular fibbers have a de-
tend from the inferior margin of scending path till the angles of
one rib to the superior margin of the second-fifth ribs where they
the one inferior to it attach
e. The external intercostals mus- d. Muscular fibbers have a de-
cles fibbers have a postero-ante- scending path till the costal car-
tilages of the second-fifth ribs 12. When does ‘winging’ of the

where they attach scapula happen?
e. The fibbers have an ascending a. When the serratus anterior
path till the nuchal line where muscle is very contracted
they attach b. When the serratus anterior
muscle is paralysed
9. The extrinsic muscles of the c. When the pectoralis major
thorax are: muscle is very contracted
a. Serratus posterior d. When the pectoralis minor
b. Serratus anterior muscle is very contracted
c. Pectoralis major e. When the pectoralis major
d. Trapezius muscle is paralysed
e. Intercostals
13. What are the attachments of
10. What are the attachments of the trapezius muscle?
the serratus anterior muscle? a. Superior it attaches to the me-
a. Anterior from the external sur- dial third of the superior nuchal
face and superior border of the line of the parietal bone
first eight to ten ribs b. Superior it attaches to the me-
b. Anterior from the first five cos- dial third of the superior nuchal
tal cartilages line of the occipital bone
c. Lateral and posterior to the lat- c. Superior it attaches to the
eral border of the scapula spinous processes of the verte-
d. Lateral and posterior to the bras C7 till T12
posterior (dorsal) surface of the d. Medial it attaches to the
scapula spinous processes of the verte-
e. Lateral and posterior to the bras C7 till T12
medial border of the scapula e. Inferior on the lateral surface
11. The innervation of the ser- of the ribs
ratus anterior muscle is done
by: 14. The innervation of the tra-
a. Medial pectoral nerve pezius muscle is done by:
b. Lateral pectoral nerve a. Vagus nerve
c. Long thoracic nerve b. Intercostal nerves
d. Axillary nerve c. Branches from the posterior
e. Musculocutaneous nerve rami of C3 and C4
d. Accessory nerve
e. Branches from the anterior process of the scapula

rami of C3 and C4 d. Lateral at the level of coracoid
15. What are the attachments of process of the scapula
the pectoralis major muscle? e. Lateral at the level of the spine
a. Superior it attaches at the level of the scapula
of the medial half of the anterior
surface of the clavicle 18. The relations of the pectora-
b. Superior it attaches at the level lis minor muscle are:
of the acromion process of the a. Posterior with pectoralis major
scapula muscle
c. Medial it attaches at the level b. Lateral with the lateral pecto-
of the first seven costal cartilages ral nerve
d. Lateral it attaches at the level c. Posterior with the lateral pec-
of the lateral lip of the intertuber- toral nerve
cular sulcus of the humerus d. Anterior with the lateral pec-
e. Lateral it attaches at the level of toral nerve
the medial lip of the intertuber- e. Posterior with serratus ante-
cular sulcus of the humerus rior muscle
16. The innervation of the pec- 19. The relations of the pectora-
toralis major muscle is done by: lis minor muscle are:
a. Long thoracic nerve a. Anterior with pectoralis major
b. Lateral pectoral nerve muscle
c. Intercostal nerves b. Lateral with the external inter-
d. Accessory nerve costal muscles
e. Medial pectoral nerve c. Posterior with the axilla
d. Anterior with the lateral pec-
17. What are the attachments of toral nerve
the pectoralis minor muscle? e. Posterior with the brachial
a. Medial can attach on the supe- plexus
rior margins and lateral surfaces
of the third, fourth and fifth ribs 20. The innervation of the pec-
b. Medial can attach on the supe- toralis minor muscle is done by:
rior margins and lateral surfaces a. Branches of the medial pecto-
of the second, third and fourth ral nerve
ribs b. Branches of the lateral pectoral
c. Lateral at the level of acromion nerve
c. Vagus nerve orly there is the articulation with

d. Intercostal nerves the seventh rib
e. Accessory nerve 23. What muscles attach on the
sternum?
21. The manubrium of the ster- a. Pectoralis minor
num has the following features: b. Pectoralis major
a. Jugular notch located on the c. Anterior scalene muscle
inferior border, median located d. Transversus thoracis
b. Clavicular notches located on e. The aponeuroses of internal
the superior border, lateral to the oblique
jugular notch
c. Costal facets for the articula- 24. What are the features of the
tion with the first three ribs first rib?
d. Costal facet for the articula- a. It has a superior and inferior
tion with the first rib and a demi- surface
facet for the articulation with the b. It has a superior and inferior
second rib border
e. Only the first costo-sternal ar- c. The superior surface is marked
ticulation is a fibrous synarthro- by two grooves
sis d. On the superior border there is
a tubercle, scalene tubercle
22. The body of the sternum has e. Through the groove located
the following features: anterior to the scalene tubercle
a. The junction between the body travels the subclavian vein
and the xiphoid process, the Lou-
is angle 25. What are the features of a
b. On the lateral border, there are typical rib?
four articulated facets for the sec- a. Concave surface facing later-
ond till the fifth rib ally
c. On the lateral border, there b. Convex surface facing laterally
are four articulated facets for the c. The head of the rib is located at
third till the sixth rib and a demi- the level of the sternal end
facet for articulation with the d. The neck of the rib is located at
second rib the level of the vertebral end
d. The junction between the e. On the inferior border, located
manubrium and the body, the medial to it there is a groove for
Louis angle the intercostal bundle
e. On the lateral border, inferi-
Answers
1. a, b
2. b, c
3. a, c
4. c, d
5. b, c
6. d, e
7. a, b
8. b, c
9. b, c, d
10. a, e
11. c
12. b
13. b, d
14. d, e
15. a, c, d
16. b, e
17. a, b, d
18. d, e
19. a, c, e
20. a, b
21. a, d, e
22. c, d, e
23. b, d, e
24. a, c, e
25. b, d, e
Chapter 02
Abdomino-Pelvic Wall and Diaphragm
Bartoș Dana, Breazu Caius, Bartoș Adrian

Bartoș Adrian
Questionnaire c. It has a bifoliate shape

d. The hiatus for the passage of
the inferior vena cava is located
1. What is the lumbar attach-
in this area
ment of the diaphragm com-
e. The hiatus for the passage of
posed of?
the aorta is located in this area
a. Two aponeurotic arches: me-
dial and lateral
3. Name the diaphragmatic
b. Two arcuate ligaments: medial
apertures:
(is situated superior to the quad-
a. Thoracic duct opening
ratus lumborum) and lateral (is
b. Aortic opening
situated superior to the psoas
c. Splanchnic nerves opening
major)
d. Inferior vena cava opening
c. Two crura or pillars
e. Oesophagus opening
d. One wide, compact aponeu-
rotic attachment
4. When the diaphragm con-
e. Only the two aponeurotic
tracts, does it affect the aorta?
arches: medial and lateral
a. Yes, because the aorta passes
through the aortic hiatus when
2. Name the features of the dia-
entering the abdomen so, the
phragmatic central tendon:
diaphragmatic muscle will con-
a. Its center is formed by four
strict the hiatus
strong diagonal bands
b. Yes, because the aorta passes
b. It has a trifoliate shape
through the aortic hiatus which
is formed by the diaphragm b. Thoracic duct

on one side and the vertebral c. Oesophagus
column on other side, the con- d. Vagal trunks
tractions of the muscle will push e. Gastric nerves
the aorta towards the vertebral
column and minimize the diam- 7. The oesophageal diaphrag-
eter of the aorta matic hiatus has the following
c. No, because the aorta passes features:
through the aortic hiatus, which a. Is located at the level of the
is a tendinous one, not muscular, twelve thoracic vertebra
and it’s located posterior to the b. Is located anterior, superior
xifoid process of the sternum and lateral to the aortic hiatus
d. No, because the aorta has c. There is a distinct continuity
nothing to do with the dia- between the oesophageal wall
phragm and the muscular fibres that
e. No, because the aortic hiatus form the hiatus
is located between the me- d. There is a loose connecting
dian arcuate ligament anterior, tissue between the inferior part
vertebral column posterior and of the oesophagus and the hiatus
diaphragmatic crura lateral, that permits movement of the
basically posterior the muscular organ when swallowing and
part of the diaphragm, this way ventilating
the contractions of the muscle e. The only organ that passes
do not affect the aorta through the oesophageal
diaphragmatic hiatus is the
5. What passes through the oesophagus
aortic hiatus of the diaphragm?
a. Aorta 8. The arterial supply of the
b. Phrenic nerves diaphragm is insured by the:
c. Thoracic duct a. Phrenico-oesophageal arteries
d. Lymphatic trunks b. Superior and inferior phrenic
e. Sometimes the azygos vein arteries
c. Pericardiacophrenic and mus-
6. What passes through the culophrenic arteries
oesophageal hiatus of the dia- d. Phrenico-gastric arteries
phragm? e. Last five intercostal and sub-
a. Phrenic nerves costal arteries
9. What is the most common c. Origin on the thoracolumbar

origin of the inferior phrenic fascia, anterior two thirds of iliac
arteries? crest
a. Right and left gastric arteries d. Insertion on the external
b. Coeliac trunk surfaces of 10th– 12th ribs
c. Oesophageal arteries e. Insertion on the xiphoid
d. Aorta process and 5th– 7th costal
e. Renal arteries cartilages
10. The venous drainage of the 13. What are the attachments
superior surface of the dia- of the internal oblique muscle?
phragm is ensured by: a. Origin on the thoracolumbar
a. Superior right phrenic vein fascia, anterior two thirds of iliac
b. Superior left phrenic vein crest, iliopectineal arch (lateral
c. Tributaries of the musculo- two- thirds of the inguinal liga-
phrenic veins ment)
d. Tributaries of the pericardia- b. Insertion on the inferior bor-
cophrenic veins ders of 10th–12th ribs, linea alba
e. Tributaries of the gastric veins c. Origin on the inner surfaces
of 7th– 12th ribs
11. The innervation of the dia- d. Insertion on the xiphoid
phragm is done by the: process and 7th– 12th costal
a. Phrenic nerves cartilages
b. Vagus nerves e. Origin on the external sur-
c. Lower six or seven intercostal faces of 7th– 12th ribs
nerves 14. The anterior wall of the
d. Recurrent laryngeal nerves inguinal canal is formed by the:
e. Splanchnic nerve a. Linea alba
b. Rectus abdominis muscle
12. What are the attachments c. Transversus abdominis muscle
of the external oblique muscle? d. Internal oblique
a. Origin on the external sur- e. Aponeurosis of external
faces of 5th– 12th ribs oblique
b. Insertion from superior to
inferior-lateral: linea alba, pubic 15. The posterior wall of the
tubercle and anterior half of iliac inguinal canal it’s form by the:
crest a. The conjoint tendon
b. The transversalis fascia abdominis muscle and rectus

c. Rectus abdominis muscle abdominis muscle
d. External oblique
e. Peritoneum 19. A patient has a very strong
pain just inferior to the xifoid
16. What passes through the process, that is the name of
inguinal canal in man: that area?
a. Spermatic cord a. Epigastrium
b. Round ligament b. Hypochondrium
c. Ilioinguinal nerve c. Umbilical
d. Iliohypogastric nerve d. Lumbar
e. Femoral artery e. Hypogastrium
17. What passes through the 20. Which are the landmarks
inguinal canal in women: of the inferior border of the
a. Inferior epigastric vessels abdominal wall?
b. Ovarian arteries a. Anterior superior iliac spine
c. Ilioinguinal nerve b. Posterior superior iliac spine
d. Femoral vein c. Greater sciatic notch
e. Round ligament d. The inguinal ligament
18. What is the linea alba? e. The pubic tubercle and the
a. The aponeurosis of external pubic crest
oblique 21. What does linea semilu-
b. A tendinous strap that is naris mean?
located between the xiphoid a. The curved area inferior to the
process and pubic symphysis costal ribs
c. A junction of fibers from the b. Curved fold superior to the
aponeurosis of external oblique, pubic symphysis
internal oblique and transversus c. Shallow, curved groove lateral
abdominis muscle to lateral margin of rectus sheath
d. A junction of fibers from the d. Curved aponeurosis inferior
aponeurosis of external oblique, to the umbilicus
internal oblique and rectus e. Curved aponeurosis superior
abdominis muscle to the umbilicus
e. A junction of fibers from the
aponeurosis of external oblique, 22. What is the posterior rectus
internal oblique, transversus sheath made of?
a. Posterior lamina of internal 26. Patient has a tumor located

oblique at the level of the right flank
b. Anterior lamina of internal what muscles may be involved?
oblique a. Rectus abdominis muscle
c. Posterior laminae of external b. Transversus abdominis muscle
oblique c. Internal oblique
d. Posterior laminae of transver- d. External oblique
sus abdominis e. Pyriformis
e. Anterior laminae of transver-
sus abdominis
23. The inferior epigastric

artery it’s a branch of the:
a. Femoral artery
b. Internal iliac artery
c. External iliac artery
d. Abdominal aorta
e. Common iliac artery
24. Arterial supply of the rectus

abdominis muscle is done by
the:
a. Lumbar arteries
b. Internal thoracic
c. Superior epigastric artery
d. Inferior epigastric artery
e. Umbilical artery
25. What nerves pass anterior
to the quadratus lumborum
muscle?
a. Subcostal
b. Lumbosacral
c. Iliohypogastric
d. Ilioinguinal
e. Genitofemoral
Answers
1. a, c
2. a, b, d
3. b, c, d, e
4. e
5. a, c, d, e
6. c, d, e
7. b, d
8. b, c, e
9. b, d
10. c, d
11. a, c
12. a, b
13. a, b
14. d, e
15. a, b
16. a, c
17. c, e
18. b, c
19. a
20. a, d, e
21. c
22. a, d, e
23. c
24. c, d
25. a, c, d
26. b, c, d
Chapter 03
Breast
Bartoș Dana, Bartoș Adrian

Bartoș Adrian
Questionnaire e. Posterior to it is the pectoralis

minor muscle
1. What does the axillary tail of 3. The nipple has the following
Spence mean? characteristics:
a. An elongation of the supero- a. It has a different position at
medial quadrant of the breast the level of the chest wall (more
b. An elongation of the supero- superior or inferior) depending
lateral quadrant of the breast on the gender and age
c. An elongation of the axilla b. In women, it changes colour
towards the breast depending on the melanization
d. A disease c. In man it has more sebaceous
e. An island of tumoral breast and sweat glands then in women
tissue located in the axilla d. As is normal in the rest of the
body, even here the sebaceous
2. What are the relations of the glands are always associated
mammillary gland? with hair follicles
a. Posterior it rests on the deep e. The skin of the nipple has the
pectoral fascia same amount of melanocites as
b. Posterior it rests on the super- the rest of the breast skin
ficial pectoral fascia
c. Posterior to it is the pectoralis 4. The lobes of the breast con-
major muscle tain the following features:
d. Posterior to it is the serratus a. The terminal lobular unit, the
anterior muscle milk secretion unit
b. Glandular tissue
c. Secreting stroma artery
d. They are distinct areas, that e. By perforating branches of the
can be distinguished very easy in axillary and subclavian artery
surgery
e. Connective tissue: loose in- 7. Name the main characteris-
tralobular and fibrocollagenous tics of the lymphatic drainage
interlobular of the breast:
a. Most of the lymph col-
5. What does Astley Cooper lected from the breast will drain
ligaments represent? through parasternal lymph
a. Fibrous tissue that intercon- nodes
nects the lobes of the breast b. Lymphatic vessels run parallel
b. Fibrous tissue that connects with arteries
the deep fascia (located posteri- c. It is the main way of breast
or to the breast) with the dermis cancer spreading
c. Condensation of connecting d. Most of the lymph col-
tissue, better represented in the lected from the breast will drain
superior segment of the breast through axillary lymph nodes
d. Condensation of connecting e. Most of the lymph col-
tissue, better represented in the lected from the breast will drain
inferior segment of the breast through subclavian lymph nodes
e. Ligaments that support the
surrounding breast tissue 8. What type of innervation
does the breast have?
6. The arterial supply of the a. Both sensory and sympathetic
breast is insured: b. Both sensory and parasympa-
a. By branches of the axillary, thetic
internal thoracic and intercostal c. Both parasympathetic and
arteries sympathetic
b. Entirely by branches of axil- d. Only sympathetic
lary artery e. Only parasympathetic
c. By perforating branches of the
internal thoracic and intercostal 9. Who is controlling the secre-
arteries tion of the breast?
d. By the superior thoracic a. Only ovarian hormones
artery, pectoral branches of b. Ovarian and hypophysial
thoraco-acromial artery, lateral hormones
thoracic artery, subscapular c. Only ovarian and hypophysial
hormones
d. Efferent motor fibres
e. Afferent motor fibres
Answers
1. B
2. a, c, d
3. a, b
4. a, b, e
5. b, c
6. a, c, d
7. c, d
8. a
9. b, d
Chapter 04
Mediastinum
Bartoș Adrian, Cioltean Cristian, Bartoș Dana

Bartoș Dana
Questionnaire 3. Name the structures located

inside the superior mediasti-
1. Which are the borders of the num:
superior mediastinum? a. Ascending aorta
a. Anterior: the body of the b. Aortic arch
sternum c. Brachiocephalic trunk
b. Anterior: the manubrium of d. Left common carotid artery
the sternum e. Right common carotid artery
c. Posterior: the first four tho-
racic vertebras 4. Name the structures located
d. Posterior: the first two tho- inside the superior mediasti-
racic vertebras num:
e. Lateral: medial pleura or me- a. Hemiazygos vein on the right
diastinal pleura side
b. Subclavian arteries
2. Name the structures located c. Subclavian veins
inside the superior mediasti- d. Internal thoracic arteries
num: e. Internal thoracic veins
a. Thymus
b. Larynges 5. Name the structures located
c. Trachea inside the superior mediasti-
d. Principal bronchi num:
e. Oesophagus a. Inferior thyroid arteries
b. Cardiac lymph nodes
c. Inferior thyroid veins b. Thymus gland

d. Tracheobronchial, paratra- c. Phrenic nerves
cheal lymph nodes d. Vagus nerves
e. Phrenic nerve e. Oesophagus
6. Name the structures located 10. Name the structures located

inside the superior mediasti- inside the middle mediasti-
num: num:
a. Vagus nerve a. Cardiac plexus
b. Left recurrent laryngeal nerve b. Tracheo-bronchial lymph
c. Right recurrent laryngeal nodes
nerve c. Oesophagial plexus
d. Brachiocephalic veins d. Hemiazygos vein
e. Superior vena cava e. Symphatetic plexus
7. Name the structures located 11. Which are the borders of

inside the middle mediasti- the posterior mediastinum?
num: a. Anterior tracheal bifurcation
a. Aortic arch b. Anterior pericardium and
b. Descending aorta ascending aorta
c. Pericardium and heart c. Anterior pericardium and
d. Ascending aorta pulmonary vessels
e. Azygos venous arch d. Posterior the bodies of the
fifth to the twelfth thoracic
8. Name the structures located vertebrae
inside the middle mediasti- e. Posterior the spinous pro-
num: cesses of the fifth to the twelfth
a. Superior vena cava thoracic vertebrae
b. Inferior vena cava
c. Tracheal bifurcation 12. Name the structures located
d. Main bronchi inside the posterior mediasti-
e. Aortic arch num:
a. Descending thoracic aorta
9. Name the structures located b. Ascending aorta
inside the middle mediasti- c. Aortic arch
num: d. Oesophagus
a. Pulmonary trunk e. Trachea
13. Name the structures located the thorax in passes together

inside the posterior mediasti- with the inferior vena cava
num: through the diaphragmatic
a. Azygos vein on the right side hiatus
b. Hemiazygos vein on the right b. From the abdomen towards
side the thorax in passes posterior to
c. Thoracic duct the right crus of the diaphragm
d. Parasympathetic chains on c. Inside the thorax its located
one side and the other of the in the posterior mediastinum,
vertebral column on the left side of the vertebral
e. Sympathetic chains column
d. Inside the thorax its located in
14. Name the structures located the medial mediastinum
inside the posterior mediasti- e. At the level of the fourth
num: thoracic vertebra it arches and
a. Phrenic nerves drains inside the superior vena
b. Cardiac plexus cava
c. Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
d. Thoracic splanchnic nerves 17. Name the most common
e. Vagal trunks veins that form the hemiazygos
vein:
15. What are the relationships a. Left lumbar ascending
of the azygos vein: b. Right lumbar ascending
a. Anterior to the bodies of the c. Left subcostal veins
inferior eight thoracic vertebrae d. Right subcostal veins
b. Anterior to the left posterior e. Intercostal veins
intercostal arteries
c. Lateral right to the left sympa- 18. What are the relationships
thetic chain of the hemiazygos vein:
d. Lateral left to the right greater a. Posterior to the aorta
splanchnic nerve b. Anterior or posterior to the
e. Right lateral to the thoracic thoracic duct
duct c. Anterior to the oesophagus
d. Anterior to the aorta
16. What is the course of the e. Lateral to the vertebral col-
azygos vein: umn till T9 and then anterior
a. From the abdomen towards to it
19. Name the structures located right side till the fifth thoracic
inside the anterior mediasti- vertebra
num: e. At the level of the fifth tho-
a. Trachea racic vertebra it usually passes
b. Hearth posterior-left to the oesophagus
c. Internal thoracic vessels and posterior to the left subcla-
d. Thymus gland vian artery
e. Phrenic nerve 23. What does the “stellate”
ganglion stand for:
20. In what mediastinum are a. A ganglionic formation of
the phrenic nerves located? the fifth cervical and the first
a. Superior mediastinum thoracic ganglion
b. Inferior mediastinum b. The cervicothoracic ganglion
c. Anterior mediastinum c. A ganglionic formation of
d. Middle mediastinum the first till the forth thoracic
e. Posterior mediastinum ganglion
d. One of the ganglions that
21. From what regions does form the sympathetic trunk
the thoracic duct collect lymph e. One of the ganglions that form
from? the parasympathetic trunk
a. Left part of the head and neck
b. Right upper limb 24. What kind of fibres form
c. Right lung the great splanchnic nerve?
d. Abdominal organs a. Unmyelinated postganglionic
e. A part of the costo-diaphrag- efferent fibres
matic surface of the liver b. Fibres from the ninth to tenth
or eleventh thoracic ganglia
22. What are the relationships c. Myelinated postganglionic ef-
of the thoracic duct at the level ferent and visceral afferent fibres
of posterior mediastinum? d. Myelinated preganglionic ef-
a. It passes through the aortic ferent and visceral afferent fibres
hiatus e. Fibres from the fifth to ninth
b. It passes through the oesopha- or tenth thoracic ganglia
gial hiatus
c. It rests anterior to the verte-
bral column
d. The azygos vein it’s on its
Answers
1. b, c, e
2. a, c, e
3. b, c, d
4. b, d, e
5. c, d, e
6. a, b, d, e
7. c, d
8. a, b, c, d
9. a, c
10. a, b
11. a, c, d
12. a, d
13. a, c, e
14. d, e
15. a, d, e
16. b, e
17. a, c
18. a, b, e
19. c, d
20. a, b, d
21. a, d, e
22. c, d, e
23. a, b, d
24. d, e
Chapter 05
Lungs and Pleura
Bartoș Adrian, Bartoș Dana

Bartoș Dana
Questionnaire to the apex

e. The stellate ganglion is located
1. What are the main surface posterior to them
features of the lung? 3. The structures at the level of
a. Two borders the left pulmonary hilum are
b. Two surfaces located as follows:
c. Three borders a. Most superior is the principal
d. An apex and a base bronchus
e. Three surfaces b. Most inferior is the principal
bronchus
2. The apex of the lungs can be c. Most inferior is the pulmo-
described as follows: nary artery
a. The superior rounded extrem- d. Most inferior is the pulmo-
ity of the lung that extends till nary vein
the first costal cartilage e. The middle-positioned struc-
b. The superior rounded extrem- ture is the pulmonary vein
ity of the lung that extends above
the first costal cartilage 4. The structures at the level of
c. The subclavian artery leaves the right pulmonary hilum are
an impression on their anterior located as follows:
surface a. Most superior is the principal
d. On the left side, the brachio- bronchus
cephalic vein is located medial b. Most inferior is the principal
bronchus
c. Most superior is the pulmo- inferior left lobe?

nary artery a. Superior
d. Most inferior is the pulmo- b. Posterior basal
nary vein c. Lateral basal
e. The middle-positioned struc- d. Inferior lingular
ture is the pulmonary vein e. Superior lingular
5. What are the main features 8. What are the segments of the
of the right lung? superior left lobe?
a. It is structured in two lobes a. Medial
b. It is structured in three lobes b. Lateral
c. Two fissures are visible on its c. Inferior lingular
surface: oblique (separates the d. Superior lingular
inferior from the superior and e. Anterior
middle lobes) and horizontal
(separated the superior from the 9. What are the segments of the
middle lobe) superior right lobe?
d. Three fissures are visible on its a. Inferior lingular
surface b. Superior lingular
e. The hilum is located on its c. Posterior
lateral surface d. Anterior
e. Apical
6. What are the main features 10. What impressions can we
of the left lung? find on the mediastinal surface
a. It is structured in two lobes of the left lung
b. It is structured in three lobes a. The groove of the arch of the
c. It has only one fissure, the aorta
horizontal one, it separates the b. Cardiac impression
superior from the inferior lobe c. The groove for the subclavian
d. Two fissures are visible on its artery
surface d. The groove for the brachioce-
e. The hilum is located on its phalic vein
medial surface e. The groove for the common
carotid
7. What are the segments of the
11. What impressions can we c. A virtual space filled up with a

find on the mediastinal surface large quantity of fluid
of the right lung d. A virtual space filled up with a
a. The groove of the azygos vein small quantity of fluid
arch e. The thoracic cavity has two
b. The groove for the subclavian pleural sacs
artery
c. Cardiac impression 14. Name the different regions
d. The groove of the oesophagus of the parietal pleura:
e. The groove for superior vena a. Costovertebral pleura
cava b. Sternal pleura
c. Diaphragmatic pleura
12. What does pleura repre- d. Cervical pleura
sent? e. Mediastinal pleura
a. A serous membrane that
covers the lung, visceral organs, 15. The right pulmonary artery
diaphragm and inner thoracic has the following features:
wall a. Its origin is posterior to the
b. A fibrous membrane that superior vena cava
covers the lung, visceral organs, b. It bifurcates posterior to the
diaphragm and inner thoracic superior vena cava
wall c. It divides posterior to the
c. The visceral pleura overlaps superior vena cava into three
the mediastinal organs and the branches for the three lobes of
parietal pleura the surfaces of the right lung
the lungs d. Because of its proximity with
d. The visceral pleura follows the the caval system it’s a very good
lobar fissures of the lungs partner for anastomosis, when
e. The visceral pleura continues needed
with the parietal one and form e. After it originated from the
an invaginated sac pulmonary trunk it passes ante-
13. What is pleural cavity? rior to the superior vena cava to
a. A virtual space between the rich the pulmonary hila
inner thoracic wall and pleura
b. Being a virtual space is an 16. The left pulmonary artery
empty space has the following features:
a. Its origin is at the level of the

arch of the aorta
b. It has an ascending path pos-
terior to the descending aorta
c. It has a descending path ante-
rior to the descending aorta
d. It bifurcates into two branches
for the two lobes of the left lung
e. It passes anterior to the main
left bronchi
17. Name the characteristics of

the right pulmonary veins:
a. Three main pulmonary veins
exit the pulmonary parenchyma,
each from the corresponding
lobe, the superior and middle
one usually join and form a
common trunk
b. Usually two main veins exit
the hila of the right lung and
drain blood inside the left
atrium
c. Usually two main veins exit
the hila of the right lung and
drain blood inside the right
atrium
d. The right superior pulmonary
vein is located anterior and
superior in regard with the right
pulmonary artery
e. At the level of the hila the
right pulmonary vein is the most
inferior structure
Answers
1. b, c, d
2. b, d, e
3. a, d
4. c, d
5. b, c
6. a, e
7. a, b, c
8. c, d, e
9. c, d, e
10. a, b, c, d
11. a, c, d
12. a, d
13. d, e
14. a, c, d, e
15. b, d
16. a, c, e
17. a, b, e
Chapter 06
Trachea and Bronchi

Bartoș Dana
Questionnaire muscles
c. Anterior it is covered by the
1. The trachea has the follow- superficial and deep cervical
ing features: fasciae of the neck
a. It is form entirely by cartilagi- d. Posterior it’s in relationship
nous tissue with the oesophagus
b. It is formed by cartilaginous e. Posterior it’s in relationship
and fibromuscular tissue with the vertebral column
c. It is formed by 16-20 cartilagi-
nous complete rings 3. What are the lateral relation-
d. It’s posterior wall it’s made by ships of the cervical part of the
fibromuscular tissue trachea?
e. It is a fixed organ and does not a. Vagus nerves
allow movement b. Phrenic nerves
c. Recurrent laryngeal nerves
2. What are the antero-posteri- d. Common carotid artery
or relationships of the cervical e. Superior thyroid artery’s
part of the trachea?
a. Anterior it is covered by the 4. In which mediastinum is the
sternothyroid and thyrohyoid thoracic part of the trachea
muscles located?
b. Anterior it is covered by the a. Superior
sternohyoid and sternothyroid b. Medial
c. Superior and medial
d. Anterior b. The superior part of the medi-

e. Superior and anterior astinal surface of the right lung
covered by its pleura
5. What are the anterior rela- c. Right phrenic nerve
tionships of the thoracic part d. Right recurrent laryngeal
of the trachea? nerve
a. The inferior thyroid arteries e. Right common carotid
b. The inferior thyroid veins
c. The thymic cells 9. What are the left lateral re-
d. Right common carotid artery lationships of the thoracic part
e. Left brachiocephalic vein of the trachea?
a. Arch of the aorta
6. Name the structures that are b. Left common carotid
located anterior to the thoracic c. Left vagus nerve
part of the trachea? d. Subclavian artery
a. Left common carotid artery e. Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
b. Left subclavian artery
c. Brachiocephalic trunk 10. At what level does the
d. Deep cardiac plexus trachea split into the main
e. Oesophagus bronchi?
a. At the level of the transvers
7. What are the right lateral plane that passes through the
relationships of the thoracic body of the sixth cervical ver-
part of the trachea? tebra
a. The sternocostal surface of the b. At the level of the transvers
right lung plane that passes through the
b. Right vagus nerve body of the sixth thoracic ver-
c. Superior vena cava tebra
d. Hemiazygos vein c. At the level of the medial part
e. Azygos vein of the body of the sternum
d. At the level of the transvers
8. Name the structures that plane that passes through the
are located right lateral to the superior thoracic aperture
thoracic part of the trachea? e. Posterior to the sternal angle
a. Right brachiocephalic vein
11. Name what makes the right e. It has a pyramidal shape

bronchi different from the left
one: 14. If a child inhales be mistake
a. Is shorter and wider a foreign body, in which bron-
b. Is more horizontal chi is it most likely to get stuck?
c. The azygos vein arches around a. Right superior lobar bronchus
it b. Left superior lobar bronchus
d. The right pulmonary artery c. Left inferior bronchus
is situated anterior and inferior d. Principal right bronchus
to it e. Principal left bronchus
e. The right laryngeal nerve 15. The trachea is arterial sup-
arches around it plied by the:
a. Branches of superior thyroid
12. Name what makes the left arteries
bronchi different from the b. Branches of inferior thyroid
right one: arteries
a. Is longer and wider c. Branches of cardiac arteries
b. It passes inferior to the aortic d. Branches of pulmonary arter-
arch ies
c. It passes anterior to the oe- e. Branches of bronchial arteries
sophagus and descending aorta
d. The left pulmonary artery is 16. The innervation of the
situated anterior and superior trachea and bronchi is done by
to it branches of the:
e. Is wider and more horizontal a. Vagus nerves
b. Recurrent laryngeal nerves
13. Name the characteristics of c. Cardiac nerves
a bronchopulmonary segment: d. Sympathetic trunk
a. It is separately supplied by a e. Phrenic nerves
segmental bronchus, a branch
of the pulmonary artery and an
intrasegmental tributary vein of
a pulmonary vein 
b. It has a polygonal shape
c. It is drained by an interseg-
mental tributary vein
d. It can be individually resected
Answers
1. b, d
2. b, c, d
3. c, d
4. a
5. b, c, e
6. a, c, d
7. b, c, e
8. a, b
9. a, b, d, e
10. a, e
11. a, c, d
12. b, c, d
13. c, d, e
14. d
15. b, e
16. a, b, d
Chapter 07
Heart and Pericardium

Bartoș Dana
Questionnaire b. Opening of the coronary sinus

c. Opening of the inferior vena
1. What structures can we find cava
at the level of the right atrium? d. Fossa ovalis
a. Opening of the coronary sinus e. Papillary muscles
b. Opening of the aorta
c. Opening of the inferior vena 4. What structure scan we find
cava at the level of the left ventricle?
d. Papillary muscles a. Trabeculae carnae
e. Pectinate muscles b. Opening of the pulmonary
trunk
2. What structures can we find c. Opening of the aorta
at the level of the right ventri- d. Papillary muscles
cle? e. Pectinate muscles
a. Chordae tendineae
b. Pectinate muscles 5. At the level of the wall of
c. Moderator band which structure the miocardic
d. Papillary muscles muscle it’s better represented?
e. Opening of the aorta a. Right atrium
b. Left atrium
3. What structures can we find c. Right ventricle
at the level of the left atrium? d. Left ventricle
a. Opening of the pulmonary e. Its represented in the same
veins way at all levels
6. Incisura apicis cordis repre-

sents: 9. Which of the following
a. A notch at the level of the structures have three cuspid
apex of the heart valves?
b. A notch at the level of the a. The valve between the right
lateral border of the heart atrium and the right ventricle
c. A notch that marks the ante- b. The valve between the left
rior interventricular groove con- atrium and left ventricle
tinuing with the posterior one c. Mitral valve
d. A notch located to the left of d. Tricuspid valve
the apex of the heart e. Aortic valve
e. A notch located to the right of
the apex heart 10. What happens in the ven-
tricular systole?
7. What structures can we a. The blood is pumped from the
found at the level of the ante- right ventricle into the pulmo-
rior wall of the right atrium? nary trunk
a. Tricuspid valve b. The blood is pumped from the
b. Bicuspid valve right ventricle into the aorta
c. Mitral valve c. The blood is pumped from the
d. Fossa ovalis atria to the ventricle
e. Coronary sinus d. The blood is pumped from the
left ventricle into the pulmonary
8. The mitral valve it’s located trunk
between the following cham- e. The blood is pumped from the
bers: left ventricle into the aorta
a. Between the right atrium and
the right ventricle 11. Which are the terminal
b. Between the left atrium and branches of the left coronary
the left ventricle artery?
c. Between the right atrium and a. Anterior interventricular
the left atrium artery
d. Between left ventricle and b. Oblique left artery
right ventricle c. Anterior interatrial artery
e. Between the left ventricle and d. Marginal artery
the aorta e. Circumflex artery
12. The coronary sinus has the c. They supply with blood the
following attributes: myocardium
a. It opens at the level of the left d. Both of them give off branch-
atrium es
b. It opens at the level of the e. Arise from the pulmonary
right atrium trunk
c. Is located on the posterior sur-
face in the coronary sulcus 16. The pericardium has the
d. The middle cardiac vein is following attributes:
draining into the coronary sinus a. Protects the heart
e. It receives blood from the b. The superficial layer is named
coronary arteries serous pericardium
c. Prevents the overfilling of the
13. Name the relationships of heart with blood
the arch of the aorta: d. Covers only the heart, without
a. Inferiorly - the pulmonary the roots of the great vessels
trunk e. The fibrous pericardium has
b. Posteriorly – the trachea two layers, the parietal and
c. Anteriorly - the thoracic duct visceral one
d. Posteriorly - phrenic nerve
e. Anteriorly – phrenic nerve 17. The projection of the apex
of the heart on the thoracic
14. Whitch are the direct wall:
branches of the arch of the a. 4th left intercostal space mid-
aorta? clavicular line
a. Right brachiocephalic trunk b. 5th left intercostal space mid-
b. Left brachiocephalic trunk clavicular line
c. Right common carotid c. 5th left intercostal space ante-
d. Left subclavian artery rior axillary line
e. Celiac trunk d. 4th left intercostal space mid-
dle axillary line
15. Name the characteristics of e. 4th left intercostal space ante-
the coronary arteries: rior axillary line
a. There are two main coronary
arteries: left coronary artery and 18. Name the branches of the
right coronary artery left circumflex artery:
b. Arise from the left and right a. Anterior interventricular
aortic sinuses within the aorta artery
b. Oblique left artery tricular septum

c. Anterior interatrial artery d. Located inside the atrioven-
d. Arterial arteries tricular sulcus
e. Marginal artery e. Originates superior to the
19. Name the structures that medial aortic cusp
link the cusps of the mitral
valve to the heart walls: 23. Which are the branches of
a. Papillary muscles the left coronary artery?
b. Chordae tendineae a. Marginal artery
c. Trabecular muscles b. Left circumflex artery
d. Nothing links the cusps to the c. Posterior interventricular
wall artery
e. A thin membrane d. Anterior interventricular
artery
20. The arterial supply of the e. Atrial branches
heart it’s given by the?
a. Right ventricular artery 24. Which is the main
b. Right interventricular artery artery that vascularize the apex
c. Anterior interventricular of the heart?
artery a. Posterior interventricular
d. Right marginal artery artery
e. Atrial arteries b. Marginal artery
c. Circumflex artery
21. The venous supply of the d. Anterior interventricular
heart it’s given by the? artery
a. Great cardiac vein e. Infundibular artery
b. Left ventricular vain
c. Coronary sinus 25. What arteries vascularize
d. Posterior interventricular vein the interventricular septum?
e. Right coronary vein a. Marginal artery
b. Circumflex artery
22. Name the relationships of c. Anterior interventricular
the left coronary artery: artery
a. Anterior to the pulmonary d. Left anterior descending
trunk artery
b. Posterior to the pulmonary e. Posterior interventricular
trunk artery
c. Located inside the interven-
Answers
1. a, c, e
2. a, c, d
3. a, d
4. a, c, d
5. d
6. c, e
7. a
8. b
9. a, d, e
10. a, e
11. a, e
12. b, c, d
13. a, b, e
14. a, d
15. a, b, c, d
16. a, c
17. b
18. d, e
19. a, b
20. c, d, e
21. a, c
22. b, e
23. b, d
24. d
25. c, e
Chapter 08
Esophagus and Vagus Nerve
Bartoș Adrian, Breazu Caius, Bartoș Dana

Bartoș Dana
Questionnaire thoracic cavity?

a. Phrenic nerve
1. What are the relationships b. Long thoracic nerve
of the esophagus inside the c. Internal thoracic nerve
thoracic cavity? d. Vagus nerve
a. Medial to the vagus nerve e. Greater splanchnic nerve
b. Posterior to the vagus nerve
c. Lateral to the right from the 4. The layers that form the
thoracic aorta walls of the oesophagus are:
d. Posterior to the right pulmo- a. Adventitia
nary artery b. Serosa
e. Anterior to the left principal c. Muscularis-mucosa
bronchus d. Mucosa
e. Muscularis externa
2. In which mediastinum is the
oesophagus located? 5. Name of the relationships
a. Inferior that the oesophagus has at
b. Superior cervical level:
c. Middle a. Trachea anterior to it
d. Posterior b. Trachea posterior to it
e. Anterior c. Pharynges anterior to it
d. Vagus nerve lateral to it
3. Which nerve it’s traveling e. Phrenic nerves anterior and
along the oesophagus in the posterior to it
6. The parasympathetic in- mediastinum are:

nervation of the oesophagus is a. Anterior, left of the azygos
done by the? vein
a. Recurrent laryngeal nerves b. Anterior, left of the hemiazy-
b. Vagus nerves gos vein
c. Phrenic nerves c. Lateral, right to the thoracic
d. Postganglionic fibres of the duct
upper 4–6 thoracic spinal cord d. Lateral, right to the left recur-
segments rent laryngeal nerve
e. Greater splanchnic nerve e. Anterior, right to the thoracic
duct
7. The arterial supply of the
oesophagus is done by the? 10. What type of innervation
a. Branches of the inferior thy- does the vagus nerve give?
roid artery a. Sensory
b. Bronchial branches of the b. Motor
thoracic aorta c. Only parasympathetic
c. Oesophageal branches of the d. Sympathethic
thoracic aorta e. Only motor
d. Branches of the left phrenic
artery 11. Which of the following
e. Branches of the right gastric statements about the oesopha-
artery gus are true?
a. It is connecting the trachea
8. The relationship of the cervi- with the stomach
cal oesophagus: b. It is connecting the pharynx
a. Posterior to it is the trachea with the stomach
b. Thoracic duct ascends on its c. It is a muscular organ
right side d. It is located anterior to the
c. Lateral to it are the two recur- trachea
rent laryngeal nerves e. Has relationships with the
d. Lateral to it are the two com- thoracic duct
mon carotid arteries
e. Lateral, right is the azygos 12. The origin of the oesopha-
vein gus is located at the:
9. The relationships of the oe- a. Inferior border of the cricoid
sophagus inside the posterior cartilage
b. Bifurcation of the trachea b. Branches of the right gastric

c. Larynx origin artery
d. Anterior mediastinum c. Braches of the left gastric
e. Level of the eso-cardiac notch artery
13. Which of the following d. Branches of the short gastric
statements about the oesopha- arteries
gus are true? e. Braches from the bronchial
a. It has an abdominal portion arteries
b. It has only a thoracic portion
c. It is a hollow organ 17. Which of the following
d. Unpaired organ organs are innervated by the
e. It has only one sphincter vagus nerve?
a. Oesophagus
14. The relationships of the b. Stomach
thoracic oesophagus are: c. Sigma
a. Trachea - anterior d. Small intestine
b. Trachea – posterior e. Only the oesophagus
c. Aortic arch - to the right
d. Left principal bronchia – ante- 18. Which of the following
rior statements about the vagus
e. Thoracic duct – posterior nerves are true?
a. In the thorax, the right vagus
15. The relationships of the nerve forms the posterior vagal
abdominal oesophagus are: trunk
a. Posterior – left lobe of the b. In the thorax, the right vagus
liver nerve forms the anterior vagal
b. Anterior – right lobe of the trunk
liver c. In the thorax, the left vagus
c. Posterior – aorta nerve forms the anterior vagal
d. Lateral to the left – the stom- trunk
ach d. In the thorax, the left vagus
e. Posterior – azygos vein nerve forms the posterior vagal
trunk
16. The arterial supply of the e. Recurrent laryngeal nerve is a
oesophagus is done by: branch from the vagus nerve
a. Branches of the inferior thy- 19. Left vagus nerve:
roid artery a. Forms posterior oesophageal
plexus the anterior mediastinum

b. Passes posterior to the left d. It descends from the neck to
lung root the superior mediastinum
c. Forms posterior oesophageal e. Crosses the aortic arch
plexus 23. The organs innervated by
d. Forms anterior vagal trunk the vagus nerve are:
e. Forms posterior vagal trunk a. Heart
b. Larynx
20. Relationships of the left c. Timus gland
vagus nerve are: d. Oesohagus
a. Anterior – aortic arch e. Pharynx
b. Anterior- left common artery
c. Anterior- brachiocephalic vein 24. Functions of the vagus
d. Anterior – left pulmonary nerve:
hilum a. Sensory function
e. Posterolaterally – left phrenic b. Motor function
nerve c. Increase the heart rate
d. Slows the heart rate
21. Relationships of the right e. Only motor function
vagus nerve are:
a. Anterior – right brachioce- 25. Which of the following
phalic vein statements about the vagus
b. Anterolaterally- superior vena nerve, in its thorax portion are
cava true?
c. Lateral to the right – right a. The left and the right vagus
lung nerve descends through the
d. Posterior- the right main superior mediastinum
bronchia b. The left and the right vagus
e. Posterior – right pulmonary nerve form the anterior oesoph-
hilum ageal plexus
c. They enter abdomen by pass-
22. Right vagus nerve: ing through the diaphragmatic
a. Forms the anterior oesopha- aortic hiatus
geal plexus d. They enter abdomen by
b. Forms the posterior oesopha- passing through the vena cava
geal plexus aperture
c. It descends from the neck to e. They enter abdomen by pass-
ing through the oesophageal

aperture
Answers
1. a, c, d
2. a, b. d
3. d
4. d, e
5. a, d
6. a, b
7. a, b, c, d
8. c, d
9. a, e
10. a, b
11. b, c
12. a
13. a, c, d
14. a, d, e
15. c, d
16. c, d
17. a, b, d
18. b, c, e
19. b, d
20. b, c, d
21. a, b, c
22. b, d
23. a, b, d, e
24. a, b, d
25. a, e
Chapter 09
Stomach
Iancu Ioana, Bartoș Dana, Bartoș Adrian

Bartoș Adrian
Questionnaire c. Stomach
d. Sigmoid colon
1. A patient presents pain at e. Appendix
the level of the epigastrium. A
computer tomography is done 3. Which of the following af-
and it reveals a tumour located firmations about the relation-
posterior to the stomach. What ships of the stomach are true?
may be the origin of this tu- a. Anteriorly, it has relations
mour? with the transverse colon
a. Duodenal b. Anteriorly, it has relations
b. Pancreatic with the right lobe of liver
c. Jejunal c. Posteriorly, it has relations
d. Colonic with the pancreas
e. Hepatic d. Posteriorly, it has relations
with the right pole of the kidney
2. A patient presents himself e. Posteriorly, it has relations
into the emergency room with with the celiac plexus through
an acute pain at the level of the omental bursa
the epigastrium. Radiology
imaging reveals air inside of 4. Which of the following af-
abdominal cavity. What organ firmations about the left gastric
may be involved, perforated? artery are true?
a. Liver a. Arises from the celiac trunk
b. Pancreas b. It has an ascendant course to
the esophageal hiatus
c. Descends along the greater d. Forms an anastomosis with

curvature the right gastro-epiploic artery
d. It gives off esophageal at the level of the greater curva-
branches ture of the stomach
e. It usually arises from the e. It gives off gastric branches to
proper hepatic artery the fundus of the stomach
5. Arterial supply of the stom- 8. Right gastro-epiploic artery:

ach: a. Origin from the splenic artery
a. Right gastric artery – origin b. Arises from the gastroduode-
from the celiac trunk nal artery
b. Right gastric artery – variable c. Origin from the celiac trunk
origin, predominantly from the d. Forms an anastomosis with
proper hepatic artery the right gastro-epiploic artery
c. Left gastric artery –origin at the level of the greater curva-
from the celiac trunk ture of the stomach
d. Formed by 1 arcade and short e. It gives off branches to the
gastric vessels antrum
e. Left gastro-epiploic artery-
origin from gastro-duodenal 9. About the internal con-
artery figuration of the stomach the
following are true:
6. Right gastric artery: a. The stomach has three tunics:
a. Origin from the celiac trunk serosa, muscularis, mucosa
b. Usually arises, from the b. The stomach has four tunics:
proper hepatic artery serosa, muscularis, submucosa,
c. It is anastomosing with the mucosa
right gastro-epiploic artery c. The muscularis has three
d. It is distributed to the right layers from outside to inside: cir-
portion of the lesser curvature cular, oblique, longitudinal
e. It is distributed to the right d. The muscularis has three
portion of the greater curvature layers from outside to inside:
longitudinal, oblique, circular
7. Left gastro-epiploic artery: e. Mucosa represents the main
a. Arises from the splenic artery morphological and functional
b. Origin as a terminal branch of gastric component
the gastro-duodenal artery 10. Which of the following, are
c. Origin from the celiac trunk parts of the stomach?
a. Fundus ment
b. Cardia c. It continuous the left part of
c. Pyloric part the esophagus
d. Ampulla d. It starts from the cardiac
e. Body notch
e. It represents the insertion
11. Which of the following af- place for gastro-phrenic liga-
firmations about the stomach ment
are true?
a. It is located in the right 14. About the pyloric orifice,
hipocondrum, epigastrum and the following are true:
umbilical regions a. It represents the open between
b. It is an intraperitoneal organ the esophagus and the stomach
c. It is lying between the esopha- b. It is formed especially of lon-
gus and the jejunum gitudinal muscles
d. It’s the widest part of the c. It‘s typically situated a few
digestive system centimeters right of the midline
e. It’s situated in the suprameso- when the stomach is full
colic region d. It represents the open between
the stomach and the duodenum
12. Lesser curvature e. It continuous with the antrum
a. It has a convexity that is facing
inferior to the left 15. Anteriorly, the stomach has
b. It’s located between the car- relationships with:
diac and pyloric orifices a. Right lobe of the liver
c. It represents the insertion b. Left lobe of the liver
place for gastro-splenic ligament c. Abdominal wall
d. It represents the insertions d. Greater omentum
place for gastro-colic ligament e. Diaphragm
e. It continuous the right margin
of the esophagus 16. Posteriorly, the stomach has
relationships with:
13. Greater curvature a. The pancreas
a. It gives attachment to the b. The left lobe of the liver
greater omentum c. The right pole of the kidney
b. It represents the insertion d. The greater omentum
place for the gastro-hepatic liga- e. Diaphragm
17. About the venous supply of a. Superior hepato-gastric

the stomach the following are ligament and gastro-phrenic
true: ligament
a. Accompanying the arterial b. Inferior hepato-gastric liga-
system ment and gastro-phrenic liga-
b. Left gastric vein drains into ment
the splenic vein c. Inferior gastric-colic ligament
c. The short gastric veins drain and gastro-splenic ligament
into the splenic vein d. Superior gastric- colic liga-
d. Left gastric vein drains into ment and gastro-splenic liga-
the portal vein ment
e. At the eso-gastric junction e. Posterior left lobe of the river
there is a significant anastomo-
sis between the left gastric vein 20. About the lymphatic drain-
tributaries (port system) and age of the stomach the follow-
Azygos vein tributaries (cave ing are true:
system) a. Anatomically speaking there
are four nodal stations: the
18. About the venous supply of left gastric artery lymph nodes
the stomach the following are group, the pancreato-splenic
true: lymph node group, the right
a. Right gastric vein drains into gastro-epiploic lymph node
the portal vein group, the hepato-pyloric-gastric
b. Short gastric veins –splenic lymph node group
veins tributaries b. Anatomically speaking there
c. Right gastro-epiploc vein- are three nodal stations: the
splenic vein tributary left gastric artery lymph nodes
d. Right gastro-epiploic vein- su- group, the pancreato-splenic
perior mesenteric vein tributary lymph node group, the right
e. Left gasto-epiploic vein- usu- gastro-epiploic lymph node
ally is anastomoses with the group
superior branch of the right colic c. The right gastroepiploic
vein and forms the Henle venous lymph node group drains the
trunk fornix and the body of the
stomach
19. The relationships of the d. The right gastro-epiploic
stomach are: lymph node group drains the
distal half of the greater curva- b. The lateral portion of the

ture fundus has relationships with
e. The pancreatico-gastric lymph the spleen
node group drains the fornix c. The pyloric orifice, it rep-
and the body of the stomach resents the open between the
esophagus and the stomach
21. The lesser curvature: d. It is an extraperitoneal organ
a. It represents the insertion e. Composed of two walls: ante-
place for the greater omentum rior and posterior
b. It represents the insertion
place for the lesser omentum 24. Which of the following are
c. It has relationships with the true about the vascular supply
caudate lobe of the liver of the stomach?
d. It has relationships with the a. It is provided by the right
transverse colon gastric artery, origin from the
e. It represents the insertions celiac trunk
place for the gastro-colic liga- b. It is provided by the left gas-
ment tric vein, origin from the proper
hepatic artery
22. Which of the following af- c. The right and the left gas-
firmations about the stomach tric vein drain into the hepatic
are true? portal vein
a. It has two margins d. The right gastro-epiploic vein
b. The cardial orifice represents drains into the superior mesen-
its distal boundary teric vein
c. The pyloric orifice represents e. The short gastric veins drain
its distal boundary into the superior mesenteric
d. The lesser curvature is con- vein
cave
e. The cardial orifice represents 25. The short gastric arteries:
its proximal boundary a. Arise from the splenic artery
23. Which of the following af- b. Origin from the celiac trunk
firmations about the stomach c. Are variable in number
are true? d. Are supplying the gastric
a. The fundus it has relationships fundus
through the diaphragm with the e. Are supplying the antrum
left lung
26. Which of the following af-

firmations about the stomach
are true?
a. It is an unpaired organ
b. It is an extraperitoneal organ
c. It is the widest part of the
digestive tract
d. It has two margins: lesser cur-
vature and the greater curvature
e. It has four walls (surfaces)
27. Which of the following

affirmations about the relation-
ships of the stomach are true?
a. Inferior – hepato-gastric liga-
ment
b. Inferior – gastro-colic liga-
ment
c. Posteriorly- left lobe of the
liver
d. Anteriorly- the diaphragm
e. Superiorly- gastro-phrenic
ligament
Answers
1. b
2. c
3. c, e
4. a, b, d
5. b, c
6. b, d
7. a, d, e
8. b, d, e
9. b, d, e
10. a, b, c, e
11. b, d, e
12. b, e
13. a
14. c, d, e
15. b, c, e
16. a, c
17. a, c, d, e
18. a, b, d
19. a, c, e
20. a, d, e
21. b, c
22. a, c, d, e
23. a, b
24. c, d
25. a, c, d
26. a, c, d
27. b, d, e
Chapter 10
Duodenum, Jejunum and Ileum
Stoian Raluca, Bartoș Dana, Bartoș Adrian

Bartoș Adrian
Questionnaire b. It is partially intraperitoneal

(proximal part)
1. The following information c. Forms the inferior margin of
about duodenum are true: epiploic foramen
a. It is the first part of the small d. It is totally intraperitoneal
intestine e. Gives insertion to transverse
b. Continues proximal the mesocolon
stomach
c. Continues distally with the 4. Anterior relationships of
jejunum the first part of duodenum are
d. Has 2 main parts with:
e. It is all situated in inframeso- a. Gastroduodenal artery
colic compartment b. Common bile duct
c. Portal vein
2. Duodenum has the following d. Peritoneum
parts: e. Right hepatic lobe
a. Superior part (DI)
b. Descending part (DII) 5. Posterior relationships of the
c. Horizontal part (DII) first part of the duodenum are:
d. Ascending part (DIV) a. Gastroduodenal artery
e. Descending part (DIV) b. Common bile duct
c. Portal vein
3. First part of the duodenum: d. Head of the pancreas
a. Is the most mobile part of the e. Body of the pancreas
duodenum
6. Anterior relationships of the are:

descending part of the duode- a. Right ureter
num are: b. Right psoas major
a. Right lobe of the liver c. Left ureter
b. Gallbladder d. Inferior vena cava
c. Diaphragm e. Vena porta
d. Transverse mesocolon
e. Inferior vena cava 11. The anterior relations of the
horizontal part of the duode-
7. Posterior relationships of the num are:
second part of the duodenum a. Right psoas major
are: b. Transverse mesocolon
a. Hilum of the right kidney c. Root of the mesentery
b. Inferior vena cava d. Superior mesenteric vein
c. Right psoas major muscle e. Vena porta
d. Transverse mesocolon
e. Aorta 12. Anterior and inferior rela-
tion of DIII part of the duode-
8. Medial relationships of DII num is with:
are: a. Liver
a. Head of the pancreas b. Right gonadal vessels
b. Common bile duct c. Inferior vena cava
c. Pancreatic istm d. Jejunal loops
d. Gallbladder e. Right kidney
e. Hepatic flexure of the colon
13. The fourth part of the duo-
9. Ampula of Vater is: denum has lateral and poste-
a. Hepatopancreatic ampulla rior relation with:
b. Opening of common hepatic a. Superior mesenteric vein
duct b. Inferior vena cava
c. Opening of pancreatic duct c. Pancreaticoduodenal vein
d. Opening of Santorini duct d. Inferior mesenteric vein
e. Opening of pylorus e. Vena porta
14. The posterior relations of
10. The posterior relations of DIV part of the duodenum are:
the third part of the duodenum a. Aorta
b. Left sympathetic trunk have its origin:

c. Left renal vessels a. Directly from the abdominal
d. Left gonadal vessels aorta
e. Inferior vena cava b. From the celiac trunk
c. From the common hepatic
15. The ascending part of the artery
duodenum has anterior rela- d. From anterior pancreaticodu-
tions with: odenal artery
a. Ascending colon e. From posterior pancreati-
b. Descending colon coduodenal artery
c. Transverse colon
d. Transverse mesocolon 19. The main branches of gas-
e. Left renal vessels troduodenal artery are:
a. Left gastroepiploic artery
16. The ligament of Treitz b. Right gastroepiploic artery
represents: c. Posteroinferior pancreati-
a. Mesentery of the duodenum coduodenl artery
b. Retroduodenopancreatic d. Anteroinferior pancreaticodu-
fascia odenal artery
c. Suspensory ligament of the e. Anterior and posterior pan-
duodenum creatoduodenal artery
d. The landmark between stom-
ach and duodenum 20. The fourth part of the duo-
e. The connection between duodenum is vascularized by:
denum and pancreas a. Collateral from celiac trunk
b. Collateral from superior mes-
17. Through what Fascia is the enteric artery
duodenum connected to the c. Jejunal arterial branches
posterior abdominal wall: d. Collateral from aorta
a. Fascia of Told e. Collateral from inferior mes-
b. Fascia of Treitz enteric artery
c. Retroduodenopancreatic
fascia 21. The vascularisation of the
d. Mesentery last ileal loop is done by:
e. Mesocolon a. Gastro-duodenal artery
b. Cecal artery
18. Gastroduodenal artery may c. Ileocolic artery
d. Ileocolic vein region

e. Portal vein d. Is situated in epigastric region
22. The differences between e. The circular plicae are more
the ileal and jejunal vascular flattened in the distal ileum
arches are:
a. The ileal arcade are supply by 26. The duodeno-jejunal junc-
ileocolic artery tion relationships are:
b. The ileal arcade are supply by a. Right- superior mesenteric
inferior mesenteric artery artery
c. There are 4-6 jejunal branches b. Superior- transverse mesoco-
d. Ileal brances are more numer- lon root
ous c. Superior- inferior margin of
e. Jejunal branches are smaller pancreas body
and shorter than ileal ones d. Left- left kidney
e. Right- right kidney
23. The innervation of the jeju-
num and ileum is done by: 27. The posterior relationships
a. Sympathetic fibres of the jejuno-ileal mesentery:
b. Parasympathetic fibres a. Duodenum DIII
c. Superior mesenteric plexus b. Aorta
d. Portal plexus c. Superior vena cava
e. Aortic plexus d. Left ureterus
e. Left ileopsoas muscle
24. The walls of the jejunum
are formed by the following 28. Which are the branches of
layers: the superior mesenteric artery:
a. Serosa a. Jejunal arteries
b. Mucosa b. Ileocolic artery
c. Circular muscle under serosa c. Right colic artery
d. Longitudinal muscle under d. Left colic artery
serosa e. Superior rectal artery
e. Subserosa
25. The characteristics of the 29. Which are the tributaries of
ileum are: the superior mesenteric vein:
a. Has thinner wall than jejunum a. Ileocolic vein
b. Has thicker wall than jejunum b. Right gastroepiploic vein
c. Is situated in hypogastric c. Right colic vein
d. Left colic vein

e. Superior rectal vein
Answers
1. a, b, c
2. a, b, d
3. a, b, c
4. d, e
5. a, b, c, d
6. a, b, d
7. a, b, c
8. a, b
9. a, b, c
10. a, b, d
11. b, c, d
12. d
13. d
14. a, b, c, d
15. c, d
16. c
17. b, c
18. b, c
19. b, e
20. a, b, c
21. c, d
22. a, c, d
23. a, b, c
24. a, b, d, e
25. a, c, e
26. a, b, c, d
27. a, b
28. a, b, c
29. a, b, c
Chapter 11
Colon
Iancu Ioana, Bartoș Adrian, Bartoș Dana

Bartoș Dana
Questionnaire parts of the large intestine?

a. Ileum
1. A patient has a big tumour b. Cecum
mass at the level of the right c. Appendix
hepatic flexure of the colon. d. Jejunum
What other structures may be e. Rectum
involved?
a. Stomach 4. About the large intestine, the
b. Pancreas following are true:
c. Kidney a. It extends from the ileocecal
d. Liver junction to the rectum
e. Diaphragm b. It is considered an intraperito-
neal and extraperitoneal organ
2. A tumour is located at the c. It can be distinguished from
level of the mesocolon on the the small intestine by haustra-
right side of the duodenojeju- tions
nal junction. What vessels may d. It is longer than the small
be invaded by the tumour? intestine
a. Portal vein e. Over its surface there are fatty
b. Superior mesenteric vein projections called, omental ap-
c. Inferior mesenteric vein pendices
d. Superior mesenteric artery
e. Inferior mesenteric artery 5. About the cecum, the follow-
3. Which of the following, are ing are true:
a. It is an extraperitoneal organ
b. It is the first part of the large inferior mesenteric artery

intestine continuing with the b. It is provided by right colic
ascending colon arteries, branches from the supe-
c. It has no mesentery rior mesenteric artery
d. It lies in the right iliac fossa c. The right colic artery has a
e. It can be completely covered variable anatomy, usually having
by peritoneum a common trunk with the mid-
dle colic artery
6. Which of the following af- d. The ileocolic artery it usu-
firmations about the appendix ally divides into superior and
are true? inferior branches
a. It may occupy variable posi- e. It is provided by the middle
tions, most commonly retrocecal colic artery branch from the
b. It is considered a lymphoid superior mesenteric artery
organ 9. The arterial supply of the
c. It is located in the left iliac transverse colon is provided by
fossa the following arteries:
d. It has a short triangular mes- a. The middle colic artery, which
entery the meso-appendix arises from the superior mesen-
e. The meso-appendix attaches teric artery just superior to the
to the cecum and the distal part neck of the pancreas
of the appendix b. The middle colic artery which
arises from the inferior mesen-
7. Which of the following, are teric artery
parts of the colon? c. Can be provided by right and
a. Cecum left colic arteries via anastomo-
b. Ascending colon ses
c. Sigmoid colon d. The middle colic artery which
d. Rectum usually divides into right and left
e. Anal canal branches
e. Provided only by the middle
8. About the arterial supply of colic artery
the ascending colon the follow-
ing are true: 10. Which of the following
a. It is provided by the ileocolic affirmations describes the
artery which is a branch of the ascending colon?
a. Is the first part of the large drum to the level of the iliac
intestine crest
b. It is usually completely cov- b. It has posteriorly relations
ered by peritoneum with the anterior renal fascia of
c. Passes upwards from the the left kidney
ileocolic junction to the hepatic c. It represents the last part of
flexure the large intestine
d. It is separated posteriorly by d. It has anteriorly relations with
the posterior surface of the right the subcostal vessels and nerves
kidney e. It is covered by peritoneum
e. It has relations posterior with on the anterior and both lateral
the ilioinghinal and iliohypogas- surfaces
tric nerves
13. About the sigmoid colon,
11. Which of the following the following are true:
affirmations describes the a. It is usually completely cov-
transverse colon? ered by peritoneum
a. Is the third part of the large b. It has usually a long mesen-
intestine, crossing the abdomen tery, the sigmoid mesocolon,
from the hepatic flexure to the whose root has an inverted V-
splenic flexure shaped attachment
b. It divides the abdominal cav- c. It has, laterally relations with
ity into the supra- and inframe- the left ureter
socolic compartment d. It extends from the iliac fossa
c. It is an extraperitoneal organ to the third lumbar vertebrae
d. It has posteriorly relations e. Laterally it has relations with
with the stomach and duode- the left external iliac vessels
num
e. Its mesentery is adherent to 14. Which of the following ele-
the posterior wall of the omental ments are found posteriorly to
bursa the descending colon?
a. The inferior pole of the spleen
12. Which of the following b. Bowel loops
affirmations describes the c. Iliohipogastric nerve
descending colon? d. External iliac vessels
a. It descends from the hepatic e. Left ureter
flexure in the left hypochon-
15. Which of the following descending colon and to the

affirmations about the rectum sigmoid colon?
are true? a. Left colic artery, branch of the
a. It represents the last part of superior mesenteric artery
the large intestine, continuing b. Sigmoid arteries, branches of
proximally with the sigmoid the inferior mesenteric artery
colon c. Superior rectal artery, branch
b. The entire surfaces of the rec- from the inferior mesenteric
tum are covered by peritoneum artery
c. In males posteriorly, it has d. Left colic artery, branch of the
relations with the prostate inferior mesenteric artery
d. In females anteriorly, it has e. Iliocolic artery, branch of the
relations with the vagina and superior mesenteric artery
uterus
e. The inferior, third part of the 18. Which of the following
rectum it is subperitoneal affirmations about the rectum
vascularization are true?
16. Which of the following a. The arterial supply is from
affirmations about the vascu- middle rectal arteries, which
larization of the appendix are arise from the internal iliac
true? artery
a. The arterial supply is from the b. The arterial supply of the
ileocolic artery, branch from the inferior rectum is from inferior
inferior mesenteric artery rectal arteries, branches of the
b. The arterial supply is from the internal iliac artery
ileocolic artery, branch from the c. The arterial supply of the
superior mesenteric artery superior rectum is from the su-
c. The arterial supply is from perior rectal artery, branch from
the appendicular artery, usu- the inferior mesenteric artery
ally a branch from the superior d. The arterial supply of the
mesenteric artery inferior rectum is from inferior
d. The veins drain into the supe- rectal arteries branches of the
rior mesenteric vein internal pudendal arteries
e. The veins drain into the infe- e. The arterial supply is from
rior mesenteric vein middle rectal arteries, which
17. Which of the following arises from the external iliac
arteries are distributed to the artery
19. Which parts of the large intestine are considered extra-

intestine are drained by the peritoneal organs?
inferior mesenteric vein? a. Cecum
a. The ascending colon b. Ascending colon
b. The descending colon c. Transverse colon
c. The distal transverse colon d. Descending colon
d. The cecum e. Sigmoid colon
e. The sigmoid colon
22. Which of the following af-
20. Which of the following firmations about the lymphatic
affirmations about the arterial drainage of the large intestine
supply of the large intestine are are true?
true? a. Lymph drainage follows the
a. The ileocolic artery is a termi- course of the veins
nal branch of superior mesen- b. Lymphatic vessels of the
teric artery, distributed to the ascending colon drain into the
cecum and the ascending colon lymph nodes related to the supe-
b. The superior rectal artery, is rior mesenteric artery
a terminal branch of inferior c. Lymph nodes of the colon
mesenteric artery distributed to form three groups: paracolic,
the distal part of rectum intermediate colic, preterminal
c. The middle colic artery, which colic nodes
arises from inferior mesenteric d. Preterminal colic nodes drain
artery is distributed to the trans- into pre-aortic nodes
verse colon e. The lymphatic vessels of the
d. The inferior rectal artery, sigmoid drain into the lymph’s
branch from the internal puden- nodes related to the inferior
dal artery is distributed to the mesenteric artery
distal part of rectum and anal
canal 23. The following affirmations
e. The left colic and sigmoid about the hepatic flexure are
arteries which arises from the true:
superior mesenteric artery are a. It marks the junction between
distributed to the descending transverse colon and descending
and sigmoid colon colon
b. Has a less acute angle than the
21. Which parts of the large splenic flexure
c. Medially it has relations with splanchnic nerves

the third part of the duodenum e. The parasympathetic nerve
d. Superiorly it has relations with supply of the ascending colon is
the left lobe of the liver from vagus nerve
e. It has posteriorly direct con-
tact with the renal fascia of the 26. Which of the following, are
right kidney the differences between small
24. The following affirmations intestine and large intestine?
about the splenic flexure are a. The large intestine is more
true: mobile than the small intestine
a. It forms the junction between b. The outer longitudinal muscle
transverse colon and descending layer of the colon is concentrat-
colon ed into two longitudinal bands,
b. It is attached to the diaphragm called taeniae coli
through the phrenicocolic liga- c. The colon has over its free
ment surface small fatty projections,
c. It has posteriorly relations called omental appendices
with the left adrenal gland d. It has a greater caliber then
d. It lies more inferiorly than the the small intestine
hepatic flexure e. Between the taeniae coli, the
e. Medially it has relations with wall of the colon presents sac-
the duodenum culations called haustra
25. Which of the following 27. Which of the following af-

affirmations about the innerva- firmations about the rectum’s
tion of the large intestine are relations are true?
true? a. It has posteriorly relations
a. It includes the enteric nervous with the fundus of the urinary
system bladder
b. The Auerbach’s plexus is a b. In males, it has anteriorly rela-
plexus lying in the submucosa of tions with seminal glands
the colon c. It lies posteriorly anococcygeal
c. It includes the autonomic ligament
nervous system d. It has laterally relations with
d. The sympathetic nerve supply the sacral nervous plexus
of the descending and sigmoid e. In female, it has anteriorly
colon is from upper lumbar relations with the vagina
Answers
1. c, d, e
2. b, d
3. b, c, e
4. b, c, e
5. b, c, d, e
6. a, b, d
7. b, c
8. b, c, d
9. b, c, d
10. c, e
11. a, b, e
12. b, e
13. a, b
14. c, e
15. a, d, e
16. b, d
17. b, d
18. a, c, d
19. b, c, e
20. a, d
21. b, d
22. b, d, e
23. b
24. a, b, c
25. a, c, d, e
26. c, d, e
27. b, c
Chapter 12
Rectum and Anus

Bartoș Dana
Questionnaire tributary of portal system

e. Superior rectal, tributary of
1. The rectum has its limits at portal system
the level of the transvers planes
that pass through: 3. The rectal deviations are as
a. Forth lumbar vertebra supe- follows:
riorly a. Superior, concave anterior
b. Third sacral vertebra superi- b. Superior, convex to the right
orly c. Middle, convex to the left
c. The puborectalis part of leva- d. Inferior, concave posterior
tor ani inferiorly e. Inferior, convex to the right
d. Pelvic floor inferiorly
e. Peritoneum, the most inferior 4. Even if is part of the large
part of Douglas pouch intestine, the rectum does not
have the following features that
2. The venous supply of the are present in the colon:
rectum is done by the: a. Sacculations
a. Superior rectal, tributary of b. Muscular layer: circular, lon-
cava system gitudinal
b. Inferior and middle rectal, c. External layer is formed by
tributary of cava system peritoneum
c. Inferior rectal, tributary of d. Appendices epiploicae
cava system e. Taeniae coli
d. Superior and middle rectal,
5. What type of organ is the
rectum: c. In female, from the anterior

a. Intraperitoneal organ wall of the rectum it reflects to
b. Infraperitoneal organ the posterior vaginal fornix to
c. Retroperitoneal organ form the recto-uterine pouch (of
d. Subperitoneal organ Douglas)
e. Partially intraperitoneal organ d. In male, from the anterior
wall of the rectum it reflects to
6. The relations of the peritone- the posterior wall of the urinary
al membrane with the rectum bladder forming the rectovesical
are as follows: pouch
a. Superior third of the rectum is e. In male, from the anterior
covered entirely by peritoneum wall of the rectum it reflects to
b. The middle third of the rec- the anterior wall of the pros-
tum is covered by peritoneum tate forming the rectoprostatic
on its anterior and lateral aspects pouch
c. The middle third of the rec-
tum is covered by peritoneum 8. What is the inferior limit of
on its anterior aspect the anterior peritoneal reflex-
d. The middle third of the rec- ion of the rectum:
tum is covered by peritoneum a. Inferior limit of the uterus
on its posterior aspect b. Posterior vaginal fornix
e. The inferior third is not cov- c. Inferior limit of the prostate
ered by the peritoneum d. Superior limit of the prostate
e. Inferior limit of the urinary
7. The anterior reflexion of the bladder
peritoneum from the rectal
wall is as follows: 9. Most commonly, how many
a. In both genders, from the transversal folds does rectum
anterior wall of the rectum it have:
reflects to the posterior wall of a. One
the urinary bladder forming the b. Two
rectovesical pouch (of Douglas) c. Three
b. In female, from the anterior d. Four
wall of the rectum it reflects to e. None
the posterior wall of the uterus
to form the recto-uterine pouch 10. The posterior relations of
the rectum are: relationships of the rectum in

a. Superior third sacral vertebrae both sexes?
b. Coccyx a. Base of the bladder
c. The superior portion of the b. Sigmoid colon
sacral sympathetic chain c. Appendix
d. The inferior portion of the d. Urethra
sacral sympathetic chain e. Small bowel
e. Median and lateral sacral
vessels 15. What are the anterior rela-
tionships of the rectum present
11. The lateral relationships, only in male?
superior to the peritoneal a. Base of the bladder
reflexion are: b. Terminal parts of the ureters
a. Cecum c. Urethra
b. Sigmoid colon d. Seminal vesicles
c. Small bowel e. Vas deferens
d. Levator ani
e. Obturator bundle 16. What are the anterior
relationships of the rectum in
12. The lateral relationships, female?
inferior to the peritoneal re- a. Terminal parts of the ureters
flexion are: b. Base of the bladder
a. Levator ani muscle c. Small bowel
b. Obturator externus muscle d. Cervix/body of the uterus
c. The obturator vessels e. Vagina
d. Ureters
e. Internal iliac vessels 17. The mesorectal fascia has
the following attributes:
13. Name the nervous relation- a. It is also known as the Denon-
ships of the rectum: villiers’ fascia
a. Inferior hypogastric plexus b. It is also known as the presa-
b. Superior hypogastric plexus cral fascia
c. The obturator nerve c. In females, the mesorectal
d. The piriformis plexus fascia joins the Denonvilliers’
e. The sacral plexus fascia and form the rectovaginal
septum
14. Name the common anterior d. The mesorectal fascia is
anchored to the pelvic walls by b. Prostate

three ligaments c. Ureter
e. The mesorectal fascia encloses d. Perineal body
the rectum and mesorectum e. Vagina
18. The arterial supply of the 21. The internal anal sphincter
rectum is given by the: has the following attributes:
a. Superior rectal artery, a col- a. It is a truly circular muscular
lateral branch of the inferior layer
mesenteric artery b. It’s fibres are more oblique
b. Superior rectal artery, the c. It extends from the anorectal
terminal branch of the inferior junction to the anal verge
mesenteric artery d. It is thinner in male and pa-
c. Middle and inferior rectal ar- tients with chronic constipation
teries, collateral branches of the e. Transient relaxation of the
inferior mesenteric artery superior internal anal sphincter
d. Inferior rectal arteries, ter- hapends in response to rectal
minal branches of the internal distension
pudendal arteries
e. Superior third by the superior 22. The innervation of the
rectal artery, middle third by the internal anal sphincter is given
middle rectal artery and inferior by the:
third by the inferior rectal artery a. Hypogastric plexus for both
sympathetic and parasympa-
19. If a tumour is located at the thetic innervations
level of the anterior wall of the b. Hypogastric plexus only for
middle rectum what organs sympathetic innervation
might be involved? c. Vagus nerve for parasympa-
a. Small bowel thetic innervation
b. Urethra d. Sympathetic fibres that
c. Urethers originate from the superior two
d. Uterus lumbar spinal segments
e. Vagina e. Parasympathetic fibres that
originate from the second to
20. Name the anterior relation- fourth sacral spinal segments
ships of the anal canal:
a. Urinary bladder 23. The anal haemorrhoids
have the following attributes:

a. Are caused by abnormal ve-
nous dilatations
b. Are associated with laxity of
the anal canal submucosa
c. Are associated with strength-
ening of the anal canal submu-
cosa
d. Are associated with the
enlargement of the terminal
branches of the superior rectal
artery
e. Are associated with the
enlargement of the terminal
branches of the superior rectal
vein
Answers
1. b, c, d
2. b, c
3. b, c, e
4. a, d, e
5. e
6. c, e
7. c, d
8. b, c
9. c
10. b, d, e
11. b, c
12. a, c, d, e
13. a, c, d, e
14. b, e
15. a, b, d, e
16. c, d, e
17. c, d, e
18. b, d
19. c, e
20. d, e
21. b, c, e
22. a, d, e
23. a, b, d
Chapter 13
Liver

Bartoș Adrian
Questionnaire b. Fossa of the inferior vena cava

c. Colic impression
1. The liver has the following d. Gastric impression
features: e. Porta hepatis
a. Is an intraperitoneal organ
b. Is an extraperitoneal organ 4. The inferior or visceral sur-
c. Is located in the suprameso- face has the following features:
colic compartment a. Caudate lobe
d. Is an organ with both endo- b. Quadrate lobe
crine and exocrine secretion c. Fossa of the umbilical vein
e. It has a very low metabolic d. Fossa of the falciform liga-
function ment
e. Fossa of the coronary ligament
2. Anatomically speaking the
landmark between the right 5. The inferior or visceral sur-
and left lobe of the liver is the: face has the following features:
a. Coronary ligament a. Fossa of the portal vein
b. Round ligament b. Fossa of the inferior vena cava
c. Falciform ligament c. Fossa of the venous ligament
d. Portal vein d. Hilum of the liver
e. Venous ligament e. Fossa of the cystic duct
3. Which area of the liver are
not covered by peritoneum? 6. What impressions can be
a. Gallbladder fossa found at the level of the vis-
ceral surface of the right lobe e. Fossa of the falciform liga-

of the liver? ment
a. Gastric
b. Duodenal 10. Who is forming the right
c. Jejunal inferior sagittal fissure on the
d. Colic visceral surface of the liver:
e. Renal a. Fossa of the round ligament
b. Fossa of the coronary liga-
7. Who is forming the right ment
superior sagittal fissure on the c. Gallbladder fossa
visceral surface of the liver: d. Fossa of the venous ligament
a. Fossa of the falciform liga- e. Fossa of the falciform liga-
ment ment
b. Fossa of the round ligament
c. Gallbladder fossa 11. Who is forming the trans-
d. Fossa of the venous ligament vers fissure on the visceral
e. Fossa of the inferior vena cava surface of the liver:
a. Fossa of the round ligament
8. Who is forming the left b. Gallbladder fossa
superior sagittal fissure on the c. Hilum of the liver
visceral surface of the liver: d. Fossa of the inferior vena cava
a. Fossa of the falciform liga- e. Fossa of the coronary ligament
ment
b. Fossa of the round ligament 12. By Couinaud classification
c. Gallbladder fossa the left lobe of the liver has the
d. Fossa of the venous ligament following segments:
e. Fossa of the inferior vena cava a. Second segment
b. Forth segment
9. Who is forming the left c. Fifth segment
inferior sagittal fissure on the d. Third segment
visceral surface of the liver: e. Caudate lobe
a. Fossa of the round ligament
b. Fossa of the coronary liga- 13. The structures inside the
ment hepatic pedicle are positioned
c. Gallbladder fossa as follows:
d. Hilum of the liver a. Hepatic vein posterior
b. Hepatic artery anterior to the b. Cystic vein

hepatic vein c. Left gastro epiploic vein
c. Portal vein posterior d. Superior posterior pancreato-
d. Common bile duct anterior to duodenal vein
the portal vein e. Left gastric vein
e. Cystic duct anterior to the
portal vein 17. What is the Laennec cap-
sule?
14. The right portal vein has a. Is the proper membrane that
the following branches: covers the entire surface of the
a. Antero-superior branch for liver (including the bare area)
the 8th segment but also goes inside the he-
b. Postero-superior branch for patic parenchyma to envelope
the 8th segment the Glissonean pedicles (like a
c. Postero-inferior branch for glove)
the 6th segment b. Is the fibrous layer of the
d. Antero-superior branch for liver that is located beneath the
the 7th segment serous layer
e. Medio-superior branch for the c. Is the fibrous layer of the liver
4A segment that is located beneath the Glis-
sonean capsule
15. The left portal vein has the d. Is the proper membrane of the
following branches: biliary tree that goes inside the
a. Medio-posterior branch for hepatic parenchyma to envelope
the 1st segment each biliary duct (like a glove)
b. Medio-inferior branch for the e. Is the proper membrane of the
4A segment portal system that goes inside
c. Medio-superior branch for the the hepatic parenchyma
4A segment
d. Latero-inferior branch for the 18. What is the Glissonean
3rd segment capsule?
e. Latero-inferior branch for the a. Is a serous capsule located
2nd segment beneath the peritoneum of the
liver
16. Which are the tributaries of b. Is a fibrous capsule located
the portal vein? beneath the Laennec capsule
a. Gastro-duodenal vein c. It covers only the hepatic
pedicles 21. The liver is kept in its

d. It covers only the biliary ducts anatomical position by the fol-
e. It covers the liver and the lowing structures:
portal veins a. Lesser omentum
19. The proper hepatic artery b. Hepato-phrenic ligament
has the following characteris- c. Coronary ligament
tics: d. Hepato-renal ligament
a. Is a branch of the celiac trunk e. Falciform ligament
b. Is located inside the hepato-
duodenal ligament 22. The anterior peritoneal
c. Is located inside the hepato- layer of the coronary ligament
gastric ligament continues at the level of the
d. Gives up two collateral diaphragmatic surface of the
branches: right gastro-epiploic liver with the following struc-
and cystic arteries tures:
e. As part of the hepatic pedicle a. Round ligament
the proper hepatic artery is lo- b. Hepato-gastric ligament
cated anterior to the portal vein c. Hepato-duodenal ligament
d. Triangular ligaments
20. The portal vein relation- e. Falciform ligament
ships are:
a. Origin posterior to the head of 23. The posterior peritoneal
the pancreas layer of the coronary ligament
b. Origin posterior to the body continues at the level of the
of the pancreas diaphragmatic surface of the
c. Ascends inside the hepato- liver with the following struc-
gastric ligament till the hilum of tures:
the liver a. Round ligament
d. Ascends inside the hepato- b. Venous ligament
duodenal ligament till the hilum c. Falciform ligament
of the liver d. Triangular ligaments
e. As part of the hepatic triad is e. Hepato-gastric ligament
located anterior to the common
bile duct 24. A gastroenterologist does
an abdominal ultrasound on
the patient. At the level of the a. Segment 4A

right hypochondriac area on b. Segment 4B
the right side of the falciform c. Segment 3
ligament near the anterior d. Segment 2
margin of the liver he sees a e. Segment 5
tumour. At the level of what
hepatic segment is this tumour
located?
a. Segment 4A
b. Segment 4B
c. Segment 5
d. Segment 3
e. Segment 6
25. What liver segment corre-

sponds to the gallbladder bed?
a. Segment 4A
b. Segment 4B
c. Segment 5
d. Segment 7
e. Segment 6
26. A computer tomography is
done on a patient. It reveals a
big hepatic cyst located on the
left side of the coronary liga-
ment, near the insertion of the
triangular ligament. In what
hepatic segment is the cyst
located?
Answers
1. a, c
2. c
3. a, b, e
4. a, b, c
5. b, c, d
6. b, d, e
7. d
8. e
9. a
10. c
11. c
12. a, b, d, e
13. c, d
14. a, c
15. c, d
16. b, d, e
17. a, b
18. b, c
19. b, d, e
20. a, d
21. a, c, e
22. d, e
23. b, d
24. b
25. b, c
26. d
Chapter 14
Gallbladder and Excretory System of the
Liver
Bartoș Adrian, Blidaru Dana, Bartoș Dana

Bartoș Dana
Questionnaire b. Main bile duct

c. Wirsung duct
1. When doing the cholecystec- d. Cystic duct
tomy (gallbladder removal) the e. Santorini duct
artery that supplies the organ
must be ligated; which one is 4. Which are the main compo-
it? nents of the gallbladder?
a. Right hepatic artery a. Fundus
b. Left hepatic artery b. Head
c. Cystic artery c. Porta hepatis
d. Proper hepatic artery d. Body
e. Common hepatic artery e. Neck
2. What is the most common 5. The body of the gallbladder

origin of the cystic artery? has anterior relationships with:
a. Left hepatic artery a. First part of the duodenum
b. Right hepatic artery b. Second part of the duodenum
c. Common hepatic artery c. Transverse colon
d. Proper hepatic artery d. Ascending colon
e. Coeliac trunk e. Hepatic flexure
3. What is the name of the duct
that connects the gallbladder 6. Name the location of the
with the common hepatic duct? gallbladder:
a. Choledoc a. Inferior surface of the right
lobe of the liver d. Branches of the VIII and IV

b. Inferior surface of the left lobe segments
of the liver e. Branches of the V and VI seg-
c. Anterior surface of the right ments
lobe of the liver
d. Between Vth and VIth hepatic 10. Name the ducts that form
segments the anterior sectoral hepatic
e. Between IVth and Vth hepatic duct:
segments a. Ducts that collect bile from
7. Which parts of the gallblad- the IVth hepatic segment
der are covered by the serosa? b. Ducts that collect bile from
a. The superior part of the the Vth hepatic segment
fundus c. Ducts that collect bile from
b. The entire fundus the VIth hepatic segment
c. The inferior surface of the d. Ducts that collect bile from
body the VIIth hepatic segment
d. The superior surface of the e. Ducts that collect bile from
body the VIIIth hepatic segment
e. The neck 11. Name the ducts that form
the posterior sectoral hepatic
8. What liver segments drain duct:
into the left hepatic duct? a. Ducts that collect bile from
a. IV the IVth hepatic segment
b. II b. Ducts that collect bile from
c. III the Vth hepatic segment
d. V c. Ducts that collect bile from
e. VI the VIth hepatic segment
d. Ducts that collect bile from
9. The right hepatic duct is the VIIth hepatic segment
formed by the union of the fol- e. Ducts that collect bile from
lowing main branches: the VIIIth hepatic segment
a. Anterior (lateral) and poste-
rior (medial) sectoral ducts 12. What is the particularity of
b. Anterior (medial) and poste- the cystic duct?
rior (lateral) sectoral ducts a. It has mucosal folds that
c. Branches of the VIII and V project into the cystic lumen and
segments form a spiral
b. It has valves d. Cystic artery

c. It has sphincters e. Inferior surface of the liver
d. It has a very precise location
e. Always enters into the com- 16. Name the ducts that form
mon hepatic duct under a sharp the common bile duct:
angle a. Left hepatic
b. Right hepatic
13. The differences between the c. Choledoc
right and left hepatic bile ducts d. Cystic duct
are: e. Common hepatic duct
a. The right one is short, with a
nearly vertical path 17. The common bile duct can
b. The left one is longer and has be divided into the following
a more horizontal path along the segments:
inferior margin of segment V a. Intrahepatic
c. The right one is longer, with a b. Supraduodenal
nearly vertical path c. Preduodenal
d. The left one is a more acces- d. Retroduodenal
sible one in case of surgery e. Pancreatic
e. The right one has its extra- 18. Name the relationships that
hepatic path along the inferior the supraduodenal segment of
margin of segment V the common bile duct has:
a. Anterior to the epiploic fora-
14. What are the borders of the men
hepatobiliary triangle? b. Posterior to the epiploic fora-
a. Common bile duct men
b. Common hepatic duct c. Anterior to inferior vena cava
c. Cystic duct d. Anterior and to the right of
d. Cystic artery the portal vein
e. Inferior surface of the liver e. Posterior to the right of the
hepatic artery
15. What are the borders of the
Calot’s triangle? 19. Name the relationships that
a. Common bile duct the retroduodenal segment of
b. Common hepatic duct the common bile duct has:
c. Cystic duct a. Anterior to the first part of the
duodenum patic plexus

b. Anterior to the second part of d. Sympathetic nerve fibres from
the duodenum the coeliac and superior mesen-
c. Posterior to the first part of teric ganglia
the duodenum e. Sympathetic nerve fibres from
d. To the right of the gastroduo- the coeliac and inferior mesen-
denal artery teric ganglia
e. Anterior to the posterior supe-
rior pancreaticoduodenal artery 23. The lymph collected from
the gallbladder is drained
20. The hepatopancreatic am- through the following lymph
pulla is located at the junction nodes:
of the: a. Cystic node
a. Lateral wall of the second part b. Nodes located in the lesser
of the duodenum omentum
b. Medial wall of the second part c. Coeliac lymph nodes
of the duodenum d. Superior retropancreaticodu-
c. Body of the pancreas odenal node
d. Pancreatic head e. Inferior mesenteric nodes
e. Inferior wall of the first duo-
denal segment 24. The cystic veins drain into
the:
21. What ducts usually drain a. Suprahepatic veins
inside the Vater ampula? b. Portal vein
a. Wirsung duct c. Inferior vena cava
b. Main pancreatic duct d. Superior mesenteric vein
c. Common bile duct e. Hepatic veins
d. Cystic duct
e. Common hepatic duct 25. The walls of the main bile
ducts are made of?
22. The innervation of the gall- a. External fibrous layer
bladder is given by the: b. Longitudinal, oblique and
a. Vagal nerve through sympa- circular smooth muscle
thetic fibres c. Mucosa
b. Vagal nerve through parasym- d. Serosa
pathetic fibres e. No muscular layer
c. Nervous fibers from the he-
Answers
1. c
2. b
3. d
4. a, d, e
5. b, c
6. a, e
7. b, d
8. a, b, c
9. b
10. b, e
11. c, d
12. a
13. a, d
14. b, c, e
15. b, c, d
16. d, e
17. b, d, e
18. a, c, d
19. c, d
20. b, d
21. a, b, c
22. b, c, d
23. a, b, c, d
24. b
25. a, b, c
Chapter 15
Pancreas
Stoian Raluca, Bartoș Dana, Bartoș Adrian

Bartoș Adrian
Questionnaire tionship with the third segment

of the duodenum
1. A patient has a small tumour e. On his left side it has relation-
located posterior at the level of ships with the splenic vein
the neck of the pancreas. What 3. Name the posterior rela-
other structures might be af- tionships of the head of the
fected by this tumour? pancreas:
a. Inferior vena cava a. Inferior vena cava
b. Inferior mesenteric artery b. Right renal artery
c. Inferior mesenteric vein c. Right renal vein
d. Portal vein d. Left renal vein
e. Superior mesenteric artery e. Bile duct
2. Name the relationships of 4. Name the posterior relation-

the head of the pancreas: ships of the neck of the pan-
a. Superior it has relationships creas:
with the pilorus a. Superior mesenteric artery
b. On its left side it has relation- b. Superior mesenteric vein
ship with the superior mesen- c. Splenic vein
teric vessels d. Portal vein
c. On its right side it has rela- e. Inferior mesenteric vein
tionships with the second seg-
ment of the duodenum 5. What is the pancreas?
d. On his right side it has rela- a. It’s a retroperitoneal organ
b. It’s on intraperitoneal organ
c. It’s an accessory digestive a. Inferior mesenteric artery

gland b. Superior mesenteric artery
d. It’s an endocrine, exocrine c. Proper hepatic artery
secretion gland d. Celiac trunk
e. It’s an infraperitoneal organ e. Colic artery
10. What arteries supply the
6. Name the posterior rela- head and the uncinate process
tionships of the body of the of the pancreas?
pancreas: a. Main pancreatic artery
a. Aorta b. Posterior pancreaticoduode-
b. Superior mesenteric artery nal arcade
c. Left suprarenal gland c. Anterior pancreaticoduodenal
d. Superior mesenteric vein arcade
e. Inferior mesenteric artery d. Dorsal pancreatic artery
e. Transverse pancreatic artery
7. Name the anterior rela-
tionships of the body of the 11. What arteries supply the
pancreas: body and tail of the pancreas?
a. Ascending colon a. Collaterals of the splenic
b. Transverse mesocolon artery
c. Ilean loops b. Posterior inferior pancreati-
d. Duodenojejunal flexure coduodenal artery
e. Stomach c. Anterior inferior pancreati-
coduodenal artery
8. Name the anterior relation- d. Main pancreatic artery
ships of the uncinate process of e. Dorsal pancreatic artery
the pancreas:
a. Portal vein 12. In regard with the lym-
b. Inferior vena cava phatic drainage of the pancreas
c. Inferior mesenteric vein what are its main features?
d. Superior mesenteric vein a. It’s a very poor system
e. Superior mesenteric artery b. It’s an expensive system
c. The lymph drainage mostly
9. Which are the main arteries into the nodes that follow the
that will give arterial collater- inferior mesenteric artery
als for the pancreas? d. The lymph drains into the
notes that follow the splenic ar-

tery, superior mesenteric artery, 16. Bursa omentalis is:
hepatic artery a. The lesser sac
e. There is no evidence of b. Situated posterior to pancreas
lymphatic channels within the c. Situated anterior to pancreas
pancreatic islets d. Posterior to the stomach
e. Anterior to stomach
13. The following statements
are true about the pancreas: 17. The posterior surface of the
a. It is the smallest digestive head of the pancreas has rela-
gland tions with:
b. The greatest part of the gland a. Transverse mesocolon
is exocrine b. Left crus of the diaphragm
c. The endocrine function is for c. Common bile duct
glucose metabolism d. Inferior vena cava
d. It is flattened antero-posterior e. Aorta
e. It has no exocrine function
18. The neck of the pancreas
14. The pancreas different has anterior relations with:
segments relations in confront a. Portal vein
with the peritoneum are as b. Superior mesenteric vein
follows: c. Splenic vein
a. The head is retroperitoneal d. Peritoneum
b. The tail is retroperitoneal e. Pylorus
c. The body is intraperitoneal
d. The tail is intraperitoneal 19. The anterior surface of the
e. The head is intraperitoneal body of the pancreas has rela-
tions with:
15. The pancreas is attached to a. Stomach
the posterior abdominal wall b. Second part of the duodenum
by: c. Duodenojejunal flexure
a. Retroduodenopancreatic d. Left crus oh the diaphragm
fascia e. Left suprarenal gland
b. Told’s fascia
c. Treitz’s fascia 20. The posterior surface of the
d. Fibrous connective tissue body of the pancreas has rela-
e. Peritoneum tions with:
a. Peritoneum d. Splenic vein

b. Aorta e. Splenic artery
c. Left suprarenal gland 24. The pancreatic ducts:
d. Superior pole of the left a. Drains the endocrine pancre-
kidney atic secretions
e. Stomach b. The main pancreatic duct runs
in the middle of the gland
21. The superior border of the c. The secondary pancreatic duct
body of the pancreas has the drains the body of the pancreas
following vascular relations: only
a. Celiac trunk d. The secondary pancreatic duct
b. Common hepatic artery to the is also cold Wirsung
right e. The accessory pancreatic duct
c. Common hepatic artery to drains the head of the pancreas
the left
d. Splenic artery to the left 25. The celiac trunk has the fol-
e. Proper hepatic artery to the lowing branches:
right a. Pancreatic artery
b. Left gastric artery
22. The tail of the pancreas: c. Right gastric artery
a. Is the most medial segment of d. Splenic artery
the pancreas e. Common hepatic artery
b. It is found between the peri-
toneal sheets of the splenorenal 26. The arterial vascularization
ligament of the head of the pancreas is
c. It could enter the splenic represented by:
hilum a. Anterior superior pancreati-
d. It is the broadest segment of coduodenal artery
the pancreas b. Posterior superior pancreati-
e. It is located in supramesocolic coduodenal artery
compartment c. Anterior inferior pancreati-
coduodenal artery
23. The uncinate process has d. Posterior inferior pancreati-
posterior relation with: coduodenal artery
a. Superior mesenteric vein e. Branches directly from the
b. Superior mesenteric artery aorta
c. Aorta 27. The body and tail of the
pancreas are arterially vascu- artery

larized by: c. Posterior superior pancrea-
a. Dorsal pancreatic artery ticoduodenal artery from the
b. Splenic artery ramus aorta
c. Aorta d. Posterior superior pancreati-
d. Posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery from gas-
coduodenal artery troduodenal artery
e. Anterior inferior pancreati- e. Anterior inferior pancreati-
coduodenal artery coduodenal artery
28. Anterior arterial arch of the 30. The venous vascularization

head of the pancreas is formed of the pancreas is represented
by: by:
a. Anterior superior pancrea- a. Anterior superior pancrea-
ticoduodenal artery from the ticoduodenal vein drains into
superior mesenteric artery right gastroepiploic vein
b. Anterior inferior pancrea- b. Posterior superior pancrea-
superior mesenteric artery portal vein
c. Anterior superior pancrea- c. Anterior inferior pancrea-
gastroduodenal artery vena porta
d. Anterior inferior pancrea- d. Posterior inferior pancrea-
splenic artery superior mesenteric vein
e. Posterior superior pancreati- e. Anterior superior pancrea-
coduodenal artery ticoduodenal vein drains into
gastroduodenal vein
29. Posterior arterial arch of
the head of the pancreas is 31. The portal vein greater af-
formed by: fluents are:
a. Posterior inferior pancreati- a. Left gastric vein
coduodenal artery from superior b. Splenic vein
mesenteric artery c. Pancreatic vein
b. Posterior inferior pancreati- d. Superior mesenteric vein
coduodenal artery from splenic e. Inferior mesenteric vein
32. Which part of the pan-

creas has relationships with the
splenic artery:
a. Tail
b. Head
c. Inferior margin
d. Superior margin
e. Uncinate process
33. The splenic vein affluents

are:
a. Short gastric
b. Left gastroepiploic vein
c. Right gastroepiploic vein
d. Superior mesenteric vein
e. Middle colic vein
34. Lymphatics from the pan-

creas drain into lymph nodes:
a. Around the splenic artery
b. Around the pancreaticoduo-
denal artery
c. Around the superior mesen-
teric artery
d. Around the portal vein
e. Around the inferior mesen-
teric vein
35. The parasympathetic in-

nervation of the pancreas is
represented by:
a. Vagus nerve
b. The Xth nerve
c. Sympathetic fibers
d. Sympathetic ganglia
e. Parasympathetic neurons
Answers
1. d, e
2. a, b, c
3. a, b, c, e
4. b, c, d
5. a, c, d
6. a, b, c
7. b, d, e
8. d, e
9. b, d
10. b, c
11. a, d, e
12. b, d, e
13. b, c, d
14. a, d
15. a, c
16. c, d
17. c, d
18. d, e
19. a, c
20. b, c, d
21. a, b, d
22. b, c, e
23. c
24. b, e
25. b, d, e
26. a, b, c, d
27. a, b
28. b, c
29. a, d
30. a, b, d
31. b, d, e
32. d
33. a, b
34. a, b, c
35. a, b
Chapter 16
Spleen
Vanta Oana, Bartoș Dana

Bartoș Dana
Questionnaire b. Is irregular
c. Is smooth and convex
1. The spleen presents: d. Faces inferomedially
a. A superolateral diaphragmatic e. Is also called renal
surface
b. A inferomedial visceral 4. The visceral surface of the
surface spleen presents the following
c. A anterosuperior diaphrag- impressions:
matic surface a. The gastric impression
d. A posterior and medial border b. The colic impression
e. A superolateral border c. Diaphragmatic impression
d. The renal impression
2. The diaphragmatic surface of e. The pancreatic impression
the spleen is:
a. Also called hepatic 5. The splenic ligaments:
b. Irregular a. Consist of 2 layers of perito-
c. Also called visceral neum
d. Smooth and convex b. Contain blood vessels and
e. Facing superiorly fatty tissue
c. Consist of 1 layer of perito-
3. The inferomedial surface of neum
the spleen: d. Maintain the spleen into a fix
a. Is also called visceral position
e. Give the spleen a degree of
mobility ligament is continuous with the

peritoneum of the posterior wall
6. The following statements of the lesser sac over the left
about the hilum of the spleen kidney
are correct: c. The posterior layer of the
a. Contains the splenic vessels ligament is continuous with the
b. Contains the pancreatic ves- gastrosplenic ligament at the
sels splenic hilum
c. Is situated on the visceral d. The posterior layer of the
surface ligament is continuous with the
d. Is situated on the diaphrag- peritoneum over the inferior
matic surface surface of the diaphragm
e. Is situated close to the pos- e. Contains the splenic artery
teroinferior border
9. The gastrosplenic ligament
7. The following statements contains:
about the visceral surface of a. The short gastric arteries
the spleen are correct: b. The superior polar arteries
a. It presents the colic impres- c. The right gastroepiploic artery
sion on the posteroinferior part d. The inferior polar arteries
b. It presents the renal impres- e. The splenic artery
sion on the posteroinferior part
c. It presents the colic impres- 10. The splenopancreatic liga-
sion on the anteroinferior part ment contains:
d. It presents the gastric impres- a. The proximal segment of the
sion anterolaterally splenic artery
e. It presents the gastric impres- b. The distal segment of the
sion anteromedially splenic artery
c. The body of the pancreas
8. The following statement d. The tail of the pancreas
about the phrenicosplenic liga- e. The short gastric arteries
ment is correct:
a. It links the spleen to the peri- 11. The following statement
toneum of the inferior surface of about the splenopancreatic
the diaphragm ligament are correct:
b. The anterior layer of the a. The anterior layer of the
ligament is continuous with the c. Courses anterior to the left

peritoneum of the posterior wall kidney and left suprarenal gland
of the omental bursa d. Runs in the splenopancreatic
b. The posterior layer of the ligament posterior to the tail of
ligament is continuous with the the pancreas
gastrosplenic ligament at the e. Runs horizontally anterior to
splenic hilum the superior border of the body
c. The anterior layer of the liga- and tail of the pancreas
ment is continuous with the pos-
terior layer of the gastrosplenic 14. Most commonly, the splenic
ligament at the splenic hilum artery is a branch of:
d. The anterior layer of the a. The inferior mesenteric artery
ligament is continuous with the b. The superior mesenteric
peritoneum over the inferior artery
surface of the diaphragm c. The coeliac trunk
e. The posterior layer of the d. The splenomesenteric trunk
ligament is continuous with the e. The abdominal aorta
peritoneum over the superior
surface of the kidney 15. Branches of the splenic
artery include:
12. The gastrosplenic ligament a. Dorsal pancreatic
is continuous with: b. Greater pancreatic artery
a. The phrenicosplenic ligament c. The short gastric arteries
b. The splenopancreatic ligament d. The right gastroepiploic artery
c. The splenic capsule e. The left gastroepiploic artery
d. The gastric serosa 16. The following statements
e. The epiploic apron about the splenic vein are cor-
rect:
13. The following statements a. It crosses the posterior ab-
about the course of the splenic dominal wall posterior to the left
artery are correct: kidney, renal hilum and abdomi-
a. Courses posterior to the left nal aorta
kidney and left suprarenal gland b. It runs posterior to the tail
b. Runs horizontally posterior to and body of the pancreas
the superior border of the body c. It runs inferior to the splenic
and tail of the pancreas artery
d. It runs anterior to the tail and

body of the pancreas
e. It crosses the posterior ab-
dominal wall anterior to the left
kidney, renal hilum and abdomi-
nal aorta
17. The splenic vein receives

the following veins:
a. The short gastric veins
b. The right gastroepiploic veins
c. Retroperitoneal veins
d. Retropancreatic veins
e. Posterior gastric vein

about the vascularization of the
spleen are correct:
a. Arterial blood supply is from
the hepatic artery via the splenic
artery
b. Venous drainage is made by
two splenic veins
c. Venous drainage is made by
one splenic vein
d. Arterial blood supply is from
the superior mesenteric artery
via the splenic artery
e. Arterial blood supply is from
the coeliac trunk via the splenic
artery
Answers
1. a, b
2. d, e
3. a, b, d
4. a, b, d
5. a, b, e
6. a, c, e
7. b, c, e
8. a
9. a, b
10. b, d
11. a, c, e
12. a, b, c, d
13. b, c, d
14. c
15. a, b, c, e
16. b, c, e
17. a, c, e
18. c, e
Chapter 17
Kidney and Ureters
Bartoș Dana, Cioltean Cristian, Bartoș Adrian

Bartoș Adrian
Questionnaire c. Quadratus lumborum muscle

d. Diaphragm
1. Name the anterior relation- e. Rectus abdominis
ships of the right kidney:
a. Spleen 4. Name the anatomical struc-
b. Right lobe of the liver tures at the level of the renal
c. Duodenum hilum:
d. Pancreas a. Renal vein
e. Stomach b. Renal artery
c. Ureter
2. Name the anterior relation- d. Calyces
ships of the left kidney: e. Renal pelvis
a. Liver
b. Pancreas 5. What are the relationships of
c. Stomach the abdominal ureter?
d. Duodenum a. Posterior- genitofemural nerve
e. Spleen b. Posterior – psoas muscle
c. Anterior- gonadal vessels
3. Name the posterior relation- d. Lateral – inferior vena cava
ships of the right kidney: e. For the right ureter- anterior
a. Psoas major muscle - loops of jejunum and sigmoid
b. Pancreas colon
6. What are the relationships of

the pelvic ureter? 10. Name the arteries of the
a. Posterior – internal iliac artery kidney:
b. Anterior – internal iliac artery a. The left renal artery, that is
c. In males – posterior – vas shorter than the right one
deferens b. Inferior suprarenal artery
d. In females – posterior – uter- c. Segmental arteries
ine artery d. The right renal artery, that is
e. Posterior – internal iliac vein shorter thant the left one
7. What type of organ is the e. Lobar arteries
kidney? 11. A patient has a tumor of 3
a. Retroperitoneal organ cm. at the level of the junction
b. Hollow organ between the inferior vena cava
c. Intraperitoneal organ and right renal vein what other
d. Parencymal organ organs might be involved?
e. Unpaired organ a. Spleen
b. Head of the pancreas
8. What are the relationships of c. Duodenum
the right renal artery? d. Right ureter
a. Anterior – inferior vena cava e. The ascending colon
b. Posterior – inferior vena cava
c. Posterior – Right renal vein 12. If a tumour it’s located on
d. Anterior – head of the pan- the posterior surface of the
creas right kidney what are the mus-
e. Anterior – descending part of cles that might be invaded?
the duodenum a. Psoas major muscle
b. Rectus abdominis muscle
9. Name the relationships of c. Transverse abdominis muscle
the left renal vein: d. Quadratus lumborum muscle
a. Posterior –aorta e. Diaphragm
b. Anterior – aorta
c. Posterior –left renal artery 13. What are the main differ-
d. Posterior – splenic vein ences between the relationships
e. Anterior – body of the pan- of the right and left renal veins:
creas a. Left renal vein – has posteri-
orly relationships with the aorta 16. What structures are located
b. Right renal vein – has posteri- in the corticala of the kidney?
orly relationships with the aorta a. Renal pyramides
c. Left renal vein – has anteriorly b. Renal sinus
relationships with the aorta c. Renal columns
d. Right renal vein – has anteri- d. Calyces
orly relationships with the aorta e. Arcuate arteries
e. Both of them lie anterior to 17. What structures are located
the renal arteries in the medulla of the kidney:
14. What are the main differ- a. Renal pyramides
ences between the relation- b. Renal columns
ships of the right and left renal c. Renal papillas
arteries: d. Arcuate arteries
a. Right renal artery – has pos- e. Nephrones
teriorly relationships with the
inferior cava vein 18. The pelvis of the kidney it’s
b. Right renal artery – has form by the:
anteriorly relationships with the a. Minor calyces
inferior cava vein b. Major calyces
c. Left renal artery – has pos- c. Ureter
teriorly relationships with the d. Renal pyrmamides
inferior cava vein e. Renal columns
d. Left renal artery – has an-
teriorly relationships with the 19. Name the characteristics of
inferior cava vein the renal calyx:
e. Both of them lie posterior to a. The major calyces surround
the renal veins the renal papillas
b. The major calyces drain into
15. Name the layers suround- the kidney’s pelvis
ing the kidney: c. The minor calyces are grouped
a. Fibrous renal capsula and merge to gorm the major
b. Gerota’s fascia calyces
c. Fascia transversalis d. The minor calyces surround
d. Perirenal fat the renal papilla of the pyra-
e. Tolddt’s fascia mides
e. The minor calyces collect the urinary bladder

urine from the major calyces e. Right ureter has medial rela-
tionships with the inferior vena
20. In order to put the kidney cava
in the correct anatomical posi-
tion we should use: 23. What are the relationships
a. Lateral – hilum of the kidney of the elements located inside
b. Medial – hilum of the kidney the renal hilum:
c. Superior – suprarenal gland a. Anterior – the pelvis
d. Posterior – renal pelvis b. Posterior – the pelvis
e. Anterior – renal vein c. Anterior – the renal vein
d. Posterior – the renal vein
21. Which of the following e. Anterior – the renal artery
statements about the kidney 24. Name the internal struc-
are true? tures of the kidney:
a. It is an intraperitoneal organ a. External medulla
b. The left kidney its usually b. Internal medulla
inferior to the left kidney c. External cortex
c. The kidneys are surrounded d. Internal cortex
by perirenal fat e. Calyces
d. Can be divided into an in-
ternal medulla and an external 25. Which of the following
cortex statements about the vasculari-
e. Both kidneys are related infe- sation of the kidneys are true:
riorly with the suprarenal glands a. The renal artery is subdivided
in segmental, lobar, interlobar,
22. Which of the following arcuate and interlobular arteries
statements about the ureter are b. The renal veins open into the
true? inferior cava vein
a. In the abdomen, the urter c. The left artery is longer than
descend anterior to the perito- the right one
neum d. The left renal vein is longer
b. It continues the renal pelvis than the right one
c. It has two parts – abdominal e. The right renal vein receives
and pelvic the right gonadal vein
d. They opem into the apex of
Answers
1. b, c
2. b, c, e
3. a, c, d
4. a, b, e
5. a, b, c
6. a, e
7. a
8. a, d, e
9. a, c, e
10. a, b, c, e
11. b, c, d
12. a, c, d, e
13. a
14. b
15. a, b, d
16. c, e
17. a, c, e
18. a, b
19. b, c, d
20. b, c, d, e
21. c, d
22. b, c, e
23. b, c
24. b, c, e
25. a, b, d
Chapter 18
Suprarenal Glands
Vanta Oana, Bartoș Adrian

Bartoș Adrian
Questionnaire 3. The following statements

about the right suprarenal
1. The following statements gland are correct:
about the suprarenal glands are a. It lies anterior to the inferior
true: vena cava
a. Lie immediately superior and b. It lies posterior to the inferior
slightly anterior to the superior vena cava
pole of each kidney c. It lies posterior to the left lobe
b. Lie immediately inferior and of the liver
slightly anterior to the inferior d. It lies posterior to the right
pole of each kidney lobe of the liver
c. Lie outside the renal fascia e. It lies anterior to the right crus
d. Are enclosed within the renal of the diaphragm
fascia
e. Are surrounded by per- 4. The suprarenal cortex con-
inephric fat sists of:
a. An outer, subcapsular part -
2. The microstructure of each zona fasciculata
suprarenal gland consists of: b. An outer, subcapsular part -
a. An outer cortex zona zona reticularis
b. A thick collagenous capsule c. An outer, subcapsular part -
c. An inner cortex zona glomerulosa
d. An inner medulla d. An inner part - zona reticu-
e. An outer medulla laris
e. Medullary cortex about the arterial blood supply

5. The suprarenal cortex pro- of the suprarenal glands are
duces: correct:
a. Sex hormones a. Are poorly vascularized
b. Adrenaline b. Are highly vascularized
c. Hydrocortisone c. The branches of the suprarenal
d. Noradrenaline arteries form a subcapsular arte-
e. Aldosterone rial plexus
d. The branches of the supra-
6. The suprarenal medulla renal arteries form an external
produces: capsular arterial plexus
a. Sex hormones e. All suprarenal arteries are
b. Adrenaline branches of the abdominal aorta
c. Hydrocortisone
d. Noradrenaline 9. The superior suprarenal
e. Aldosterone arteries arise from:
a. The ipsilateral renal artery
7. The following statements b. The abdominal aorta
about the left suprarenal gland c. The ipsilateral inferior phrenic
are correct: artery
a. Is closely applied to the left d. The ipsilateral inferior mesen-
crus of the diaphragm teric artery
b. It is at a large distance from e. The ipsilateral gonadal artery
the left crus of the diaphragm
c. The medial surface is covered 10. The inferior suprarenal
by the peritoneum of the poste- arteries arise from:
rior wall of the lesser sac, which a. The ipsilateral renal artery
separates it from the stomach b. The abdominal aorta
d. The anterior surface is covered c. The ipsilateral inferior phrenic
by the peritoneum of the poste- artery
rior wall of the lesser sac, which d. The ipsilateral inferior mesen-
separates it from the stomach teric artery
e. It lies posterior to the inferior e. May arise also from the ipsi-
vena cava lateral gonadal artery
8. The following statements 11. The following statements
about the suprarenal veins are

correct:
a. The left vein is very short and
drains directly in left renal vein
b. The left suprarenal vein is
longer and drains into the left
renal vein
c. The left suprarenal vein is
shorter and drains into the infe-
rior vena cava
d. The right vein is longer and
drains into the gonadal vein
e. The right vein is very short
and drains directly in the infe-
rior vena cava

about middle suprarenal arter-
ies are correct:
a. Their origin is from the pos-
terior aspect of the abdominal
aorta at the level of the superior
mesenteric artery origin
b. The right middle suprarenal
artery passes posterior to the
inferior vena cava
c. The right middle suprarenal
artery passes anterior to the
inferior vena cava
d. The left middle suprarenal
artery passes posterior to the
inferior vena cava
e. Their origin is from the lateral
aspect of the abdominal aorta at
the level of the superior mesen-
teric artery origin
Answers
1. a, e
2. a, b, d
3. b, d, e
4. c, d
5. a, c, e
6. b, d
7. a, d
8. b, c
9. c
10. a, e
11. b, e
12. b, e
Chapter 19
Prostate, Urethra, Seminal Vesicles and
Ductus Deferent

Bartoș Adrian
Questionnaire the level of the posterior wall

b. The ejaculatory ducts open at
1. The location of the urethra at the level of the anterior wall
the level of the vesical trigone c. The ejaculatory ducts open
is: one side and another of the
a. In the infero anterior angle utricle opening
b. In the infero posterior angle d. The verumontanum is an el-
c. In the lateral angles evation at which level the utricle
d. One side and another of the opens
longitudinal ridge e. The inferior part of the pros-
e. At the apex of the trigon tatic urethra is mobile
2. The posterior urethra in 4. The prostatic sinus has the

male is composed of the fol- following attributes:
lowing segments: a. Is a median grove that serves
a. Preprostatic for opening of the ejaculatory
b. Prostatic ducts
c. Bulbar b. Is a grove located lateral to the
d. Pendulous urethral crest
e. Membranous c. At its level prostatic ducts
3. The prostatic urethra has the open
following features: d. Is a grove located at the level
a. The urethral crest is located at of the preprostatic urethra
e. Is a grove located at the level
of the prostatic urethra directly into the prostatic plexus

e. The posterior urethra drains
5. The membranous urethra into the prostatic and vesical
has the following features: venous plexuses
a. It has the widest diameter
from all the segments 8. The seminal vesicles have the
b. It is the shortest in length following features:
from all the segments a. Are located inferior to the
c. Narrowest and least distensi- prostate
ble part b. They store sperms
d. It passes through the perineal c. They secrete a thick alkaline
membrane fluid with fructose and a coagu-
e. It descends with a dorsal lating agent
concavity trajectory from the d. Are located posterior to the
prostate to the penis bulb ureters
6. Arterial supply of the ure- e. Are located inferior and lateral
thra is ensured by the: to the ductus deferens
a. Circumflex branches of the
dorsal penile artery 9. The relations of the seminal
b. Branches of the external pu- vesicles are as follows:
dendal artery a. Is separated from the rectum
c. Urethral artery, branch of the by the rectovesical pouch
internal iliac artery b. Posterior they have relations
d. Urethral artery, branch of the with the ureters
internal pudendal artery c. Anterior they have relations
e. Urethral artery, branch of the with the urethra
common penile artery d. Medially, inferior, they join
the ductus deferens to form the
7. The venous drainage of the ejaculatory ducts
urethra is done through: e. Are located posterior and
a. The anterior urethra drains superior to the prostate
into the dorsal veins of the penis 10. The path of the ductus
b. The posterior urethra drains deferens is:
into the dorsal veins of the penis a. Ascends anterior to the testis
c. The anterior urethra drains and medial to the epididymis  
into the internal pudendal veins b. Travels from the abdominal
d. The anterior urethra drains cavity to the testis through the
inguinal canal of the genitofemoral nerve

c. Crosses anterior to the exter-
nal iliac vessels 13. The following statements
d. Passes superficial to the pari- about the prostate are true:
etal peritoneum a. Is an endocrine gland
e. In order to rich the urinary b. Is an exocrine gland
bladder it passes into the ureter- c. Is located anterior to the rectal
ic fold, posterior to the ureters ampulla
d. It is formed by fatty tissue
11. Which of the following are e. It has its own capsule
characteristic for the ejacula-
tory ducts? 14. The main parts of the pros-
a. Are formed by the union of tate are:
the seminal glands ducts and the a. Head
ductus deferens b. Neck
b. They begin at the level of the c. Tail
base of the urinary bladder d. Infero-lateral surfaces
c. They open inside the prostatic e. Base
utricle
d. They transvers the prostatic 15. Name the relationships of
gland from posterior to anterior the prostate:
e. Prostatic secretions mix with a. The prostatic base is in close
the seminal fluid inside the contact with the urinary bladder
ejaculatory ducts base
12. Name the characteristics of b. The prostatic base is in close
the spermatic cord: contact with the urinary bladder
a. Is the first segment of the neck
ductus deferens c. The prostatic base is separated
b. It begins at the level of deep from the rectal ampulla through
inguinal ring the rectovesical fascia
c. It suspends the testis inside d. The prostatic apex is in con-
the scrotum tact with the perineal muscles
d. Inside the inguinal canal it has e. The anterior surface is sepa-
relations with the ilioinguinal rated from the pubic symphysis
nerve by the retroperitoneal fat  
e. Inside the inguinal canal it has
relations with the genital branch 16. Name the relationships of
the prostate: vesical arteries

a. The prostatic apex is located b. Branches from the middle
superior to the superior urethral vesical arteries
sphincter c. Branches from the internal
b. The prostatic apex is located pudendal arteries
superior to the inferior urethral d. Branches from the middle
sphincter rectal arteries 
c. The posterior surface is sepa- e. Branches from the inferior
rated from the rectal ampulla rectal arteries
through the rectovesical fascia
d. The posterior surface is in 20. The prostatic innervation is
contact with the Denonvillier given by the:
fascia a. Pelvic plexus
e. Inferolateral surfaces are in b. Inferior hypogastric plexus
contact with levator ani muscles c. Splanchnic nerves
d. Sacral plexus
17. The subdivisions (lobules) e. Pudendal nerve
of the right and left prostatic
lobes are:
a. Inferoposterior lobule  
b. Inferolateral lobule  
c. Superomedial lobule  
d. Superolateral lobule
e. Anteromedial lobule
18. From an anatomical point
of view the prostate can by
subdivided into:
a. Anterior zone
b. Posterior zone
c. Peripheral zone
d. Central zone
e. Transitional zone
19. The arterial supply of the

prostate is given by the:
a. Branches from the inferior
Answers
1. a, e
2. a, b, e
3. a, b, d
4. b, c, e
5. b, c, d
6. a, c, d
7. a, c, e
8. c, d, e
9. a, d, e
10. c, d, e
11. a, d
12. b, c, d, e
13. b, c, e
14. b, d, e
15. b, d, e
16. a, c, d, e
17. a, b, c, e
18. c, d, e
19. a, c, d
20. a, b, c
Chapter 20
Urinary Bladder

Bartoș Adrian
Questionnaire c. Peritoneum membrane covers

the superior surface
1. The urinary bladder is com- d. Ileum
posed of the following anatom- e. Pubic symphysis
ical segments:
a. Base (fundus) 4. What are the relationships of
b. Neck the urinary bladder in male?
c. Apex a. Puboprostatic ligaments
d. Two superolateral surfaces b. Pubovesical ligaments
e. Two margins: antero and c. Sigmoid colon
posterior d. Peritoneum membrane covers
the base
2. The posterior relationships e. Jejunum
of the base of the urinary blad-
der are: 5. The ligaments of the urinary
a. Anterior vaginal wall bladder are:
b. Rectum a. Pubovesical ligaments that
c. Sigmoid colon connect the superior surface of
d. Denonvilliers’ fascia the bladder with the pubic bone
e. Presacral fascia b. Pubovesical ligaments that
3. What are the relationships of connect the neck of the bladder
the urinary bladder in female? with the pubic bone
a. Pubovesical ligaments c. Cardinal ligaments
b. Cecum d. Broad ligament
e. Lateral ligament
9. Which are the anatomical
6. Which of the following structures that mark the vesicle
structures support the neck of trigone?
the bladder? a. The two urethral openings
a. Douglas pouch superior
b. Pubovesical ligaments b. The ureter opening at the
c. Uracus anteroinferior angle
d. The endopelvic fascia c. The urethra opening at the
e. Levator ani posteroinferior angle
d. The ureters openings one
7. Arterial supply of the uri- side and another of the superior
nary bladder is done by the: ridge
a. Superior vesical arteries e. The urethra orifice at the apex
b. Inferior vesical arteries of the trigone
c. Obturator arteries
d. Inferior gluteal arteries 10. Name the location of the
e. Branches of the external iliac vesicle trigone:
artery a. At the neck of the bladder
b. At the superior wall of the
8. The urinary bladder is in- bladder
nervated by the: c. At the base of the bladder
a. Parasympathetic fibres that d. At the anterior wall of the
arise from the second to the bladder
fourth sacral segments of the e. At the posterior wall of the
spinal cord bladder
b. Parasympathetic fibres from
the pelvic splanchnic nerves 11. The walls of the urinary
c. Sympathetic fibres that arise bladder have the following
from the L4 till S2 segments of layers:
the spinal cord a. Urothelium
d. Sympathetic fibres that arise b. Lamina propria
from the T10 till L2 segments of c. Muscularis propria
the spinal cord d. Subserosa
e. Sympathetic fibres that arise e. Serosa
from the coeliac and mesenteric
plexuses 12. The muscularis propria of
the urinary bladder has the fol- e. The urethral orifice

lowing muscular layers:
a. Internal and external longitu- 15. What is the name of the an-
dinal layer atomical structure that unites
b. Intermediate circular layer the two openings of the ureters
c. Internal circular layer inside the urinary bladder?
d. Intermediate oblique layer a. Inter-ureteric bar, is produced
e. External longitudinal layer by the continuation into the
13. A female patient has a tu- vesical wall of the ureteric inter-
mor at the level of the posterior nal longitudinal muscle
wall of the urinary bladder. An b. Inter-ureteric bar, is produced
ultrasound it’s performed and by the continuation into the
it seems that the tumor invades vesical wall of the ureteric inter-
the posterior structures. Name nal circular muscle
what structures can be in- c. Inter-ureteric ridge
volved: d. Intra-ureteric band
a. Body of the uterus e. Superior trigonal boundary
b. Vagina
c. Ureters 16. Name the fascia that
d. Rectum separates the retrovesical and
e. Ileal loops prostatic space from the prere-
ctal space:
14. If a patient has a urinary a. Denonvilliers’s
bladder tumor and both of its b. Retzius
kidneys have hydronephrosis c. Rectovaginal
(that means that urine cannot d. Sacrogenital
be drained into the urinary e. Cardinal
bladder). What would be the
most probable location of the 17. Name the anterior folds
tumor in the urinary bladder? (‘false’ ligaments) linked to the
a. Superior part of the vesicle superior surface of the bladder:
trigone a. Median umbilical fold, the
b. Superior wall of the bladder urachus
c. Inferior part of the vesicle b. Two medial umbilical folds
trigone over the obliterated umbilical
d. Base of the bladder arteries
c. Two medial umbilical folds c. Retropubic

over the obliterated inferior d. Retzius
epigastric vessels e. Peritoneal
d. Two lateral umbilical folds
over the obliterated umbili-
calvessels
e. The lateral umbilical folds over
the inferior epigastric vessels
18. Name the space located an-

terior to the urinary bladder:
a. Vesicogenital
b. Denonvilliers
Answers
1. a, b, c
2. a, b, d
3. a, c, d, e
4. a, c
5. b, c, e
6. b, d, e
7. a, b, c, d
8. a, b, c, e
9. d, e
10. c, e
11. a, b, c, e
12. a, b, e
13. b, c
14. a, d
15. a, c, e
16. a
17. a, b, e
18. c, d
Chapter 21
Uterus
Bartoș Adrian, Iancu Ioana, Bartoș Dana

Bartoș Dana
Questionnaire d. Internal iliac artery

e. Common iliac artery
1. What are the divisions of the
broad ligament? 4. Name the relationships of
a. Upper mesosalpinx the uterus:
b. Anterior mesovarium a. Anterior – urinary bladder
c. Posterior mesovarium b. Posterior – urinary bladder
d. Inferior mesometrium c. Anterior – rectum
e. Lower mesosalpinx d. Posterior- rectum
e. Inferior –vagina
2. What vascular structure can
we find at the base of the broad 5. What is the venous supply of
ligament, approximately 1,5 the uterus?
cm. lateral to the cervix? a. Uterine plexus venous
a. Uterine artery b. Uterine vein
b. Uterine vein c. Ovarian vein
c. Ovarian artery d. Vaginal vein
d. Ovarian vein e. Internal iliac vein
e. Cervical artery
3. What is the arterial supply of 6. The innervation of the uterus
the uterus? is done by the:
a. Ovarian artery a. Sympathetic innvervation -
b. Uterine artery Inferior hypogastric plexus
c. Vaginal artery b. Sympathetic innvervation –
pelvic splachnic nerves
c. Parasympathetic innvervation a. Is composed only of strong

– inferior hypogastric plexus fibrous tissue
d. Prasympatethic innvervation b. Is composed only of muscular
– pelvic splachnic nerves fibres
e. Uterovaginal plexus c. Is composed of both muscular
7. If a tumor is located on the and fibrous tissue
superior part of the posterior d. It links the inferior part of the
wall of the uterus, what other lateral walls of the uterus with
organs might be involved? the labium majus
a. Rectum e. It links the superior part of the
b. Sigmoid colon lateral walls of the uterus with
c. Ileal loops the labium majus
d. Jejunal loops
e. Descending colon 11. Name the layers of the
uterine wall:
8. What important structures a. Endometrium
pass at the base of the broad b. Mucosa
ligament? c. Myometrium
a. Uterine tube d. Adventitia
b. Urethra e. Submucosa
c. Uterine artery
d. Ureter 12. Through what structure
e. Uterine vein does the uterus communicate
with the ovaries?
9. Which are the ligaments of a. Uterine tube
the uterus? b. Fallopian tube
a. Suspensory c. Ovarian ligament
b. Utero-vesical d. Suspensory ligament of the
c. Utero-rectal ovary
d. Broad e. Broad ligament
e. Round
13. What structures does the
10. Which are the features broad ligament link?
of the round ligament of the a. Ovary
uterus: b. Uterus
c. Uterine tube 18. If a tumor it’s located at

d. Vagina the base of the broad ligament,
e. Rectum near the uterus what structures
might be invaded?
14. What type of organ is the a. Uterine vein
uterus? b. Uterine artery
a. Muscular c. Ureter
b. Fibrous d. Urine bladder
c. Fatty e. Rectum
d. Intraperitoneal
e. Infraperitoneal 19. Name the ligaments of the
pelvis:
15. What is usually the normal a. Round
position of the uterus in nul- b. Uterosacral
liparous state? c. Uterovesical
a. Anteversion d. Transverse cervical
b. Retroversion e. Pubocervical
c. Anteflexion
d. Retroflexion 20. Which of the following
e. Tilted statements about the layers of
the uterus are true?
16. What is the structural divi- a. Endometrum is covering the
sion of the uterus? uterine body
a. Body b. The endometrum is composed
b. Cervix of smooth muscle tissue
c. Neck c. The myometrum is composed
d. Vulva of smooth muscle tissue
e. Vagina d. The endometrum contains
secretory glands
17. Name the location of the e. The uterine body is covered by
uterus: the serosa
a. Pelvis
b. Infrapelvic area 21. The following statements
c. Abdomen about the uterine artery are
d. Retroperitoneal true:
e. Intra peritoneal a. Its origine – common iliac
artery 24. Regarding the mesosalpinx

b. Its origine – interne iliac the following statements are
artery true:
c. Gives branches to the ovary a. Superior and laterally is
d. Gives branches to the uterine attached to the suspensory liga-
tube ment of the ovary
e. Has relationship with the b. Contains vascular anastomo-
urethra ses between uterine and ovarian
vessels
22. Which of the following c. Above is attached to the ovary
statements regarding the broad d. It represents the inferior part
ligament are true? of the broad ligament
a. Is divided into three parts: e. Medially is attached to the
mesosalpinx, mesovarium and ovarian ligament
mesometrium
b. Extend on each side of the 25. Regarding the mesovarium
uterus the following statements are
c. Superiorly it continues with true:
the peritoneum of the urinary a. It represents the inferior part
bladder of the broad ligament
d. The mesosalpinx is the largest b. It represents the upper part of
part of the broad ligament the broad ligament
e. The mesosalpinx is attached c. It represents the posterior part
above to the uterine tube of the broad ligament
d. Is the smaller part of the
23. The following statements broad ligament
about the uterus are true: e. Is attached to the uterine tube
a. It is mobile
b. Situated in the abdomen
between the rectum and the
urinary bladder
c. It has posteriorly relationships
with the urinary bladder
d. It is divided in three parts:
body, cervix and vagina
e. It is a muscular organ
Answers
1. a, b, c
2. a, b, c, d
3. a, c, d
4. a, b, c
5. a, c, d, e
6. b, d, e
7. a, e
8. a, b, c
9. a, b, c, e
10. a, c, d
11. a, c, e
12. a, c, d
13. b, d, e
14. c, e
15. b, c
16. a, d, e
17. a, b
18. a, b, c, e
19. a, c, e
20. b, c, d
21. a, b, d
22. c, d
23. b, c, d
24. a, c, d, e
25. b, d, e
26. a, c
27. a, b, c, e
28. b, d, e
Chapter 22
Ovaries and Fallopian Tubes
Căpraș Roxana, Bartoș Dana, Bartoș Adrian

Bartoș Adrian
Questionnaire 3. What are the features of the

uterine tube fimbriae?
1. What does the mesosalpinx a. Mucosal finger-like folds
attaches to? located at the ends of the infun-
a. Superior to the uterine tube dibulum
b. Posteroinferiorly to the meso- b. Mucosal finger-like folds lo-
varium cated at the ends of the ampulla
c. Superior and laterally to the c. All fimbriae are covered with
suspensory ligament of the ciliated epithelium
ovary d. Vascularization is derived
d. Inferior to the mesovarium from ovarian and uterine arter-
e. Laterally to the ovarian liga- ies
ment e. Vascularization is derived
from the cervical arteries
2. What are the main parts of
the uterine tubes? 4. The innervation of the fal-
a. Intramural lopian tubes is done by the:
b. Isthmus a. Parasympathetic fibers de-
c. Ampulla rived from pelvic splanchnic and
d. Fimbria vagus nerves
e. Body b. Both parasympathetic and
sympathetic fibers
c. Sympathetic fibers derived b. Umbilical artery

from the superior hypogastric c. Superior rectal artery
plexus d. Inferior rectal artery
d. Parasympathetic fibers that e. Uterine artery
are derived from the phrenic 8. Venous drainage of the uter-
nerve ine tubes is:
e. Only parasympathetic fibers a. Ensured by the pampiniform
plexus
5. Typically, fertilization does b. Ensured by uterine plexus
not take place in: c. Done to inferior vena cava on
a. Uterus the right side
b. Ampullary portion of fal- d. Done to inferior vena cava on
lopian tube the left side
c. Intramural portion of fallo- e. Done to renal vein on the
pian tube right side
d. Ovaries
e. Isthmus portion of fallopian 9. The relationships of the
tube ovary are:
6. Which of the following af- a. Above the superior extremity
firmations are true? are the fimbria and distal section
a. The uterine tube consists of 4 of the uterine tube.
main parts: ampulla, isthmus, b. The lateral surface contacts
cervix and fimbria parietal peritoneum in the ovar-
b. Fimbriae have numerous ian fossa.
mucosal finger-like folds c. The posterior border is free
c. The uterine tubes are attached and faces the peritoneum.
to the lower part of the body of d. Under the inferior extremity
the uterus are the fimbria and distal section
d. Ampulla is the widest portion of the uterine tube.
of the tube e. Laterally is suspended in the
e. The uterine os is located at pelvic cavity by a double fold of
the superior angle of the uterine peritoneum, the mesovarium.
cavity
10. Innervation of ovaries and
7. The blood supply to the uter- uterine tubes is done by:
ine tubes is derived from: a. Parasympathetic fibers derived
a. Ovarian artery from pelvic splanchnic nerves
b. Only parasympathetic fibers

c. Sympathetic fibers derived 13. The suspensory ligament
from the superior hypogastric of the ovary has the following
plexus attributed:
d. parasympathetic fibers are a. The only ligamentous support
derived from the vagus b. Attached to the upper part of
e. Only sympathetic fibers the lateral surface of the ovary
c. Passes inferiorly under the
11. Lymphatic drainage of the ureter
uterine tubes is provided by: d. Contains the ovarian vessels
a. Para-aortic nodes via ovarian and nerves
vessels e. Passes superiorly over the
b. Para-aortic nodes via the external iliac vessels
round ligament
c. Inguinal nodes via the round 14. The ovarian ligament of the
ligament ovary has the following attrib-
d. External iliac chain via ovar- uted:
ian vessels a. Contains the ovarian vessels
e. Internal iliac chain via uterine and nerves
vessels b. It lies in the anterior leaf of
the broad ligament
12. Anatomical relations of the c. Attaches the uterine extremity
ovary are: of the ovary to the lateral angle
a. On the left side, the sigmoid of the uterus
colon passes over the superior d. Attaches the uterine extremity
pole of the ovary of the ovary to the lateral angle
b. The anterior border is free and of the cervix
faces the peritoneum e. It lies in the posterior leaf of
c. On the right side, superior the broad ligament
and lateral to the ovary is the
ileocaecal junction 15. Mesovarium has the follow-
d. On the right side, superior ing attributed:
and lateral to the ovary are the a. It is the main ligamentous
caecum and appendix support
e. The lateral surface faces the b. It carries blood vessels and
broad ligament of the uterus nerves to the ovarian hilum
c. It is a peritoneal fold that at- c. Splits into two branches: one

taches the ovary to the mesovarium and one into
d. Attaches the ovary to the the uterine broad ligament
anterior surface of the broad d. Supplies only the ovary
ligament e. Supplies the ovary and the
e. It lies in the anterior leaf of the tube
broad ligament 19. Venous drainage of the
ovary is done by the:
16. Ligamentous support of the a. Pampiniform plexus
ovary: b. Inferior vena cava on the left
a. Includes the suspensory liga- side
ment c. Inferior vena cava on the right
b. Does not contain the ovarian side
vessels and nerves d. Renal vein on the right side
c. Consist of the suspensory liga- e. Renal vein on the left side
ment and the mesovarium
d. Contain the ovarian vessels 20. Lymphatic drainage of the
and nerves (infundibulopelvic ovaries is done though:
ligament) a. Para-vaginal nodes
e. Includes the ovarian ligament b. Lower para-aortic nodes
c. Para-aortic nodes near the
17. The ovarian arteries origi- origin of the renal arteries
nate from: d. Inguinal nodes via round
a. The abdominal aorta ligament
b. Below the renal arteries e. Inguinal nodes via infundibu-
c. The renal artery lo-pelvic ligament
d. The internal iliac artery
e. Above the renal arteries 21. After puberty, the ovar-
ian cortex has the following
18. The ovarian arteries have attributes:
the following attributes: a. Contains the ovarian follicles
a. Give branches that accompany b. Contains corpora lutea
the round ligaments through the c. Is highly vascular
inguinal canal d. Contains corpus albicans
b. Descend behind the perito- e. Is also called albuginea
neum
22. The following affirmations, develops

are correct in concern with the
primary follicle: 25. Which of the following
a. It is also called Graafian fol- statements are true in regard
licle with the corpus luteum:
b. Develops from secondary a. If fertilization does occur it
follicle becomes corpus albicans
c. Develops from primordial b. Develops from Graafian fol-
follicle licle after ovulation
d. Is located in ovarian cortex c. Develops from corpus albicans
e. Is located in ovarian medulla d. It degenerates to form a cor-
pus albicans if the oocyte is not
23. Which of the following fertilized
statements are true in regard e. If fertilization does occur
with the secondary follicle? it becomes corpus luteum of
a. Develops from primordial pregnancy
follicle 26. Ovarian medulla has the
b. Develops into a tertiary fol- following attributes:
licle a. Is highly vascular
c. Develops from primary follicle b. Is separated from cortex by
d. Contains the oocyte the albuginea
e. Usually only one secondary c. Contains a small number of
follicle develops cells
d. Contains corpus albicans
24. The following affirmations, e. Contains the primordial fol-
are correct in concern with the licle
tertiary follicle:
a. Develops from secondary 27. The ovary has the following
follicle features:
b. Develops from corpus luteum a. Dimensions are 4 × 2 × 3 cm
c. Expands to a diameter of 2 cm in reproductively mature women
d. If fertilization does not occur, b. Is not covered by peritoneum
it begins to degenerate after c. Is suspended by mesovarium
24–48 hours d. Is suspended by the round
e. Only one tertiary follicle ligament
e. Is suspended by the infun-

dibulopelvic ligament
28. The ovarian fimbria has the

following features:
a. Is shorter than the others
b. Is longer and more deeply
grooved than the others
c. Is applies to the tubal pole of
the uterus
d. Is covered by a ciliated epi-
thelium
e. Is applies to the tubal pole of
the ovary
Answers
1. a, b, c
2. a, b, c, d
3. a, c, d
4. a, b, c
5. a, c, d, e
6. b, d, e
7. a, e
8. a, b, c
9. a, b, c, e
10. a, c, d
11. a, c, e
12. a, c, d
13. b, d, e
14. c, e
15. b, c
16. a, d, e
17. a, b
18. a, b, c, e
19. a, c, e
20. b, c, d
21. a, b, d
22. c, d
23. b, c, d
24. a, c, d, e
25. b, d, e
26. a, c
27. a, b, c, e
28. b, d, e
Chapter 23
Arteries, Veins and Nerves
Bartoș Dana, Bartoș Adrian, Szabo Bianca

Szabo Bianca
Questionnaire c. Hepatic vein

d. Colic vein
1. Name the branches of the e. Gastric vein
thoracic aorta:
a. Brachiocephalic trunk 4. Name the branches of the
b. Left common carotid celiac trunk:
c. Visceral branches to the lungs a. Left gastric artery
d. Parietal branches to the tho- b. Right gastric artery
racic wall c. Splenic artery
e. Right common carotid d. Proper hepatic artery
e. Common hepatic artery
2. Name the branches of the
abdominal aorta: 5. The superior mesenteric ar-
a. Gastric arteries tery has the following relation-
b. Splenic artery ships:
c. Inferior mesenteric artery a. Posterior to the forth duode-
d. Lumbar arteries nal segment
e. Gonadal arteries b. Anterior to the third duodenal
segment
3. The portal vein is form by c. On the left side of the superior
the union of: mesenteric vein
a. Superior mesenteric vein d. Running inside the mesentery
b. Splenic vein e. On the right side of the
duodeno-jejunal junction d. Hepatic vein

e. Posterior superior duodeno-
6. Name the collaterals of the pancreatic vein
splenic artery:
a. Dorsal pancreatic 10. The gonadal veins are tribu-
b. Anterior pancreatic taries of the:
c. Left gastric a. Portal vein
d. Left gastro-colic b. Inferior vena cava
e. Short gastric c. Renal vein
7. Name the collaterals of the d. Superior mesenteric vein
superior mesenteric artery: e. Inferior mesenteric vein
a. Inferior pancreatico-duodenal
arteries 11. Which are the relationships
b. Right gastro-epiploic artery of the superior mesenteric
c. Middle colic artery bundle?
d. Left colic artery a. Rests on the right side of the
e. Ileo-colic artery duodeno-jejunal junction
b. Rests on the left side of the
8. Name the relationships of duodeno-jejunal junction
the portal vein inside the hepa- c. Runs at the base of the mes-
toduodenal ligament: entery
a. Posterior to the common bile d. Passes posterior to the third
duct part of the duodenum
b. Posterior to the common e. Passes anterior to the third
hepatic artery part of the duodenum
c. Anterior to the proper hepatic
artery 12. Name the branches of the
d. The bile duct is on a more internal iliac artery:
anterior and to the right plane a. Internal pudendal
e. It is the most anterior element b. Femoral artery
c. Obturator artery
9. Which are the tributaries of d. Uterine artery
the portal vein: e. Lumbar arteries
a. Left gastric vein
b. Right gastric vein 13. Which are the relationships
c. Right gastro-epiploic vein of the common iliac artery?
a. The ureter passes anterior to it canal

b. The ureter passes posterior
to it 17. If a tumor grows at the level
c. It rests on the anterior side of of the posterior superior part
the iliac muscle of the body of the pancreas
d. It rests on the anterior side of what important arterial and
the psoas muscle nervous structures might be
e. It’s origin is anterior the forth invaded?
lumbar vertebra a. Splenic artery
b. Coeliac trunk
14. Name the branches of the c. Coeliac plexus
lumbar plexus: d. Right gastric artery
a. Superior gluteal e. Proper hepatic artery
b. Iliohypogastric nerve 18. Name the location of the
c. Ilioinguinal nerve areas where portal cave anasto-
d. Sciatic mosis occurs:
e. Genitofemoral nerve a. Middle segment of the oe-
sophagus
15. Name the branches of the b. Inferior segment of the oe-
sacral plexus: sophagus
a. Superior gluteal c. Middle and superior segments
b. Inferior gluteal nerve of the rectum
c. Ilioinguinal nerve d. Pancreatic area
d. Sciatic e. Periumbilical
e. Genitofemoral nerve
19. Name the cavo caval anasto-
16. Which are the relationships mosis:
of the ilioinguinal nerve: a. Lumbar veins and colic veins
a. Passes anterior to the iliopsoas b. Lumbar veins with the azygos
muscle vein
b. Passes anterior to the gonadal c. Inferior epigastric with supe-
vessels rior epigastric
c. Passes anterior to the ureter d. Inferior oesophageal with
d. Passes anterior to the quadra- superior oesophageal veins
tus lumborus muscle e. Renal veins with lumbar veins
e. Runs through the inguinal
20. What does the inferior hy- 24. Name the collaterals of the
pogastric plexus innervate? inferior mesenteric artery:
a. Vas deferens a. Left colic artery
b. Seminal vesicles b. Right colic artery
c. Prostate c. Middle colic artery
d. Colon d. Superior rectal artery
e. Uterus e. Inferior rectal artery
25. The coeliac plexus receives
21. Which arteries pass fibers from the following
through the gastrocolic liga- nerves:
ment? a. Greater splanchnic nerve
a. Right gastric b. Lesser splanchnic nerve
b. Left gastric c. Vagal trunks
c. Right gastroepiploic d. Phrenic nerve
d. Left gastroepiploic e. Subcostal nerve
e. Short gastric arteries
22. Name the tributaries of the

superior mesenteric vein in the
supramesocolic compartment:
a. Right colic vein
b. Left colic vein
c. Right gastrocolic vein
d. Iliac veins
e. Inferior duodenopancreatic
veins
23. Name the tributaries of the

superior mesenteric vein in the
inframesocolic compartment:
a. Right colic vein
b. Left colic vein
c. Middle colic vein
d. Jejunal veins
e. Ilio-colic vein
Answers
1. a, b, c, d
2. c, d, e
3. a, b
4. a, c, e
5. b, c, e
6. a, d, e
7. a, c, e
8. a, d
9. a, b, e
10. b, c
11. a, c, e
12. a, c, d
13. a, d, e
14. b, c, e
15. a, d
16. a, d, e
17. a, b, c
18. b, c, e
19. a, c
20. a, b, c, e
21. c, d
22. c, e
23. a, c, d, e
24. a, d
25. a, b, c
Chapter 24
Peritoneum
Bartoș Adrian, Szabo Bianca, Bartoș Dana

Bartoș Dana
Questionnaire a. Liver
b. Head of pancreas
1. Which of the following are c. Kidney
intraperitoneal organs: d. Sigmoid colon
a. Stomach e. Ascending colon
b. Spleen  
c. Head of the pancreas 4. Which of the following are
d. Tail of the pancreas extraperitoneal organs:
e. Kidneys a. Body of the pancreas
b. Jejunum
2. Which of the following are c. Descending colon
intraperitoneal organs: d. Appendix
a. Rectum e. Liver
b. Suprarenal gland
c. Transvers colon 5. The boundaries of the omen-
d. Second part of duodenum tal foramen (Winslow hiatus,
(D2) epiploic foramen) are:
e. Last centimeters of the duo- a. Anteriorly: free edge of lesser
denum omentum
b. Anteriorly: free edge of
3. Which of the following are greater omentum
extraperitoneal organs: c. Posteriorly: the inferior vena
cava covered by peritoneum 9. The Douglas pouch is limited

d. Posteriorly: the right crus of by the following structures:
the diaphragm a. Anterior- the urinary bladder
e. Posteriorly: the portal vein in males
6. The boundaries of the omen- b. Posterior- the rectum in males
tal foramen (Winslow hiatus, c. Porterior- the rectum in
epiploic foramen) are: females
a. Superiorly: the caudate lobe of d. Anterior- the urinary bladder
the liver covered by peritoneum in females
b. Superiorly: the duodenum e. Anterior- the uterus
c. Inferiorly: the superior margin 10. Which of the following
of the first part of the duodenum blood vessels can be found
d. Inferiorly: the jejunal loops inside the mesentery:
e. Superiorly: the quadrate lobe a. Inferior vena cava
of the liver covered by perito- b. Inferior mesenteric artery
neum c. Superior mesenteric artery
d. Jejunal and ileal arteries
7. Anterior wall of bursa omen- e. Superior mesenteric vein
talis is form by the following
structures: 11. The root of the transvers
a. Anterior wall of the stomach mesocolon has the following
b. Posterior wall of the stomach posterior relationships:
c. Gastrocolic ligament a. Second part of the duodenum
d. Pancreas b. First part of the duodenum
e. Transverse mesocolon c. Head of the pancreas
d. Tail of the pancreas
8. Posterior wall of bursa e. Stomach
omentalis is form by the fol-
lowing structures: 12. The root of the sigmoid
a. Pancreas mesocolon has the following
b. Inferior portion of diaphragm posterior relationships:
c. Posterior parietal peritoneum a. Left ureter
d. Stomach b. Left gonadal vessels
e. Kidneys c. Left common iliac vessels
d. Kidney
e. Urinary bladder level of the abdominal cavity?

a. Liver
13. What are the relationships b. Pancreas
of the peritoneum in regard c. Greater omentum
with the liver: d. Ascending colon
a. It covers the whole surface of e. Descending colon
the liver
b. Forms the coronary ligament 17. What structures can be seen
c. Consists in right and left in a transvers section at the
triunghiular ligaments level of the Winslow hiatus?
d. It is represented by the greater a. Kidneys
omentum b. Pancreas
e. Also includes the hepatogas- c. Superior vena cava
tric ligament d. Spleen
e. Transverse mesocolon
14. Which of the peritoneal
ligaments are part of the lesser 18. Which of the following
omentum? structures are located in the
a. Gastrocolic ligament supramesocolic compartment?
b. Gastrophrenic ligament a. Urinary bladder
c. Triunghiular ligament b. Ileal and jejunal loop
d. Hepatogastric ligament c. Liver
e. Coronary ligament d. Stomach
e. Head of the pancreas
15. Which of the peritoneal lig-
aments are part of the greater 19. Which of the following
omentum? structures are located in the
a. Round ligament inframesocolic compartment?
b. Phrenic ligament a. Kidneys
c. Gastrocolic ligament b. Spleen
d. Coloepiploic ligament c. Ovaries
e. Gastrohepatic ligament d. Cecum
e. Ascending colon
16. What structures can be seen
in a midsagittal section at the 20. The paracolic gutter is a
space located between the fol- through the gastro-splenic

lowing structures: ligament?
a. Abdominal wall a. Left colic artery
b. Transverse mesocolon b. Short gastric arteries
c. Ascending colon c. Splenic arteries
d. Descending colon d. Right gastroepiploic artery
e. Pelvic walls e. Hepatic artery
21. The arterial supply of the 25. What does “bare area” of
epiploic apron is done by the liver mean?
branches of the: a. An area without vasculariza-
a. Right gastro omental artery tion
b. Ileal arteries b. An area without peritoneum
c. Right colic artery c. An area located at the level of
d. Sigmoidian arteries the hilum
e. Jejunal arteries d. An area surrounded by the
coronary ligament
22. What structures are part of e. An area surrounded by the
the broad ligament? falciform ligament
a. Fallopian tubes
b. Ovary
c. Ureters
d. Mezosalpinx
e. Mesovarium
23. What main arteries pass

through the gastro-colic liga-
ment?
a. Left gastric artery
b. Right gastroepiploic artery
c. Left gastroepiploic artery
d. Middle colic artery
e. Hepatic artery
24. What main arteries pass
Answers
1. a, b, d
2. c, e
3. b, c, e
4. a, c, e
5. a, c, d
6. a, c
7. b, c
8. a, b, c
9. a, b, e
10. c, d, e
11. a, c
12. a, b, c
13. b, c
14. b, d
15. c, d
16. a, b, c
17. a, b, d
18. c, d
19. d, e
20. a, c, d
21. a
22. d, e
23. b, c
24. b, c
25. b, d
Chapter 25
Pelvis Cavity and Perineum
Căpraș Roxana, Bartoș Dana, Bartoș Adrian

Bartoș Adrian
Questionnaire minora, the clitoris in female

e. The anal canal and its sphinc-
1. The following affirmations ters
about perineum are true:
a. Is the diamond-shaped region 3. Which of the following state-
that lies above levator ani ments are true about the anal
b. Divides into an urogenital triangle?
triangle and a anal triangle a. Anal triangle it is lined by by a
c. Is bounded posteriorly by the strong perineal membrane
pubic symphysis b. Anal triangle it is lined by
d. Is bounded posterolaterally by superficial and deep fascia
the sacrotuberous ligaments c. The deep fascia lines the infe-
e. Deep limit is the inferior sur- rior surface of levator ani
face of the pelvic diaphragm d. The deep fascia lines the supe-
rior surface of levator ani
2. Anal triangle contains: e. The superficial fascia is con-
a. The ischio-anal fossa tinuous with subcutaneous fas-
b. The bulb and attachments of cia of the skin of the perineum.
the penis in male
c. Similar structures in males 4. Ischio-anal fossa can be
and females characterized as having the fol-
d. The labia majora, the labia lowing attributes:
a. It is filled with muscles, fasciae
and erectile structures separated from the rectum by

b. Is an approximately horse- presacral fascia
shoe-shaped region
c. Has an anterior recess that lies 7. Urogenital triangle has the
caudally to the perineal mem- following attributes:
brane a. Is divided into a deep and a
d. It is filled with loose adipose superficial perineal space by a
tissue, blood vessels and nerves strong perineal membrane
e. Has an anterior recess that lies b. Extends superficially to en-
cranial to the perineal mem- compass the scrotum- in males
brane c. Extends to the upper limit
of the labia and mons pubis-in
5. About the external anal females
sphincter, we can state that: d. Includes muscles, fasciae,
a. Fibers decussate into the erectile structures-in females
superficial transverse perineal e. Is bounded deeply by the
muscles-anteriorly pubic symphysis and ischiopubic
b. Fibers are attached to the ano- rami-posteriorly
coccygeal raphe-posteriorly
c. Is a band of smooth muscle 8. The relationships of the per-
d. Is a band of striated muscle ineal membrane are:
e. Surrounds the lowest part of a. The ventral portion is related
the anal canal to the support of the perineal
body
6. Which of the following state- b. Is part of a larger intercon-
ments are false? nected support apparatus
a. Anococcygeal ligament is a c. Is intimately connected with
membranous structure levator ani
b. Anococcygeal ligament is a d. Is crossed by ducts of the bul-
musculotendinous structure bourethral glands in males
c. Iliococcygeal raphe lies above e. The dorsal portion is contigu-
the anococcygeal ligament ous with the urethral supportive
d. Iliococcygeal raphe lies below apparatus
the anococcygeal ligament
e. The iliococcygeal raphe is 9. Which of the following state-
ments are true: rectal nerve

a. Dorsal vessels and nerves of b. Perineal branch of the puden-
the penis lie within perineal dal nerve
membrane fibres c. Sacral plexus and the pelvic
b. Perineal membrane is crossed splanchnic nerves
by the vessels and nerves to the d. Nerves that originate in the
bulb of the penis second, third and fourth sacral
c. The vagina is attached to the spinal segments
perineal membrane at the level e. Nerves that originate in the
of the hymenal ring second, third and fourth tho-
d. The perineal membrane is racic spinal segments
divided almost into two halves
by the vagina and urethra 12. Superficial perineal fascia
e. Anterior border of the per- is:
ineal membrane is continuous a. Continuous with the Scarpa’s
with the perineal body fascia
10. Urethral sphincter mecha- b. Attached to the margins of the
nism consists of: ischiopubic rami-laterally
a. Striated and smooth muscle c. Attached to the margins of the
sphincters ischiopubic rami-posteriorly
b. Smooth muscles like: com- d. Continuous with the fascial
pressor urethrae, urethrovaginal layer that contains the dartos
sphincter in females muscle in male
c. Only striated muscle sphinc- e. Continuous with the fascial
ters layer that contains the dartos
d. Striated muscles like: com- muscle in female
pressor urethrae, urethrovaginal 13. Name the features of deep
sphincter in females perineal fascia:
e. Only smooth muscle sphinc- a. Is continuous with the Scarpa’s
ters fascia
b. Is firmly attached to posterior
11. Innervation of the urethral margin of the perineal mem-
sphincter mechanism is done brane
by: c. Fuses with the suspensory
a. Perineal branch of the inferior ligament of the penis or clitoris-
anteriorly
d. Overlies the superficial mus- 16. Perineal body can be char-
cles of the perineum acterized as:
e. Is firmly attached to perineal a. Is located in the midline at the
body junction between the anal and
urogenital triangles
14. Subcutaneous perineal b. Is not continuous with the
pouch can be characterized as: perineal membrane
a. Does not allow fluid to pass to c. Inferiorly, it is continuous
the subcutaneous tissues of the with the rectoprostatic or rec-
anterior abdominal wall tovaginal septum
b. Allows fluid to spread laterally d. Anteriorly, it merges with
into the medial thigh fibres of the external anal
c. Allows fluid to pass posteri- sphincter
orly into the anal triangle e. It is an aggregation of fibro-
d. Lies between the deep per- muscular tissue
ineal fascia and the superficial
perineal fascia 17. Bulbospongiosus muscle
e. Is capable of expanding con- can be characterized as:
siderably in the presence of fluid a. It lies in the midline, anterior
accumulation to the perineal body
b. It lies in the midline, posterior
15. Superficial perineal pouch to the perineal body
can be characterized as: c. Consists of two parts united
a. Does not contain the superfi- by a fibrous raphe in male
cial transverse perineal muscles d. Differs between the sexes
b. Lies between the perineal e. On each side covers the
membrane and the deep perineal vestibular bulbs and greater
fascia vestibular glands in male
c. Does not contain the clitoris
d. Does not communicate 18. Ischiocavernosus muscle
with the deep or subcutaneous can be characterized as:
pouches a. Attaches to the perineal body
e. It contains the corpora caver- b. May help to maintain penile
nosa and corpus spongiosum erection
c. In male, it covers the crus through accessory pudendal

penis artery
d. Helps to empty the urethra e. It supplies the deep portion of
of urine after the bladder has the external anal sphincter via
emptied perineal artery
e. It is attached to the medial
aspect of the ischial tuberosity 21. Inferior rectal artery has
19. Vascular supply of the peri- the following attributes:
neum is given by the: a. Enters the perineum around
a. Perineal artery that supplies the posterior aspect of the ischial
the perineal body spine
b. Cavernous artery that supplies b. It divides into the cavernous
the corpora cavernosa of the and dorsal arteries of the penis
clitoris c. Runs anteromedially through
c. External pudendal artery that the ischio-anal fossa
supplies the deep portion of the d. Is distributed to the erectile
external anal sphincter tissue of the corpus spongiosum
d. Inferior rectal artery that e. Supplies the deep portion of
supplies the deep portion of the the external anal sphincter
external anal sphincter
e. Cavernous artery that supplies 22. Perineal artery has the fol-
the perineal body lowing attributes:
a. It supplies the perineal body
20. Internal pudendal artery b. It supplies the scrotal skin
has the following attributes: and dartos muscle via terminal
a. It divides into the cavernous branches
and dorsal arteries of the penis- c. Is a branch of the internal
in males pudendal artery
b. Enters the perineum around d. It supplies the upper portion
the posterior aspect of the ischial of the external anal sphincter
spine e. It divides into the cavernous
c. Is distributed to the erectile and dorsal arteries of the penis
tissue of the corpus spongiosum
and vagina in females 23. Innervation of the peri-
d. It supplies the perineal body neum is given by the:
a. The dorsal nerve of the penis a. Broad ligament

supplies the skin of the scrotum b. Round ligament
b. The dorsal nerve of the penis c. Douglas pouch
or clitoris supplies the corpus d. Uterosacral ligament
cavernosum e. Transverse cervical and pub-
c. The inferior rectal nerve sup- ocervical ligaments
plies the external anal sphincter
d. The inferior rectal nerve may
supply the lower part of the
vagina
e. The perineal nerve supplies
sensory fibres to the skin of the
lower vagina
24. The osseofibrous bounda-
ries of the perineum are the:
a. Pubic symphysis, anteriorly
b. Ischiopubic rami, posterolat-
erally
c. Ischial tuberosities, laterally
d. Sacrotuberous ligaments,
anterolaterally
e. Ischial tuberosities, posteriorly
25. In the perineal body con-

verge several muscles, name
the muscles:
a. Bulbospongiosus
b. Ischiocavernosus
c. External anal sphincter
d. Internal anal sphincter
e. Superficial and deep trans-
verse perineal
26. Name the true ligaments of

the pelvis:
Answers
1. b, d, e
2. a, c, e
3. b, c, e
4. b, d, e
5. a, b, d, e
6. a, d
7. a, b, d
8. b, c, d
9. b, c, d
10. a, d
11. b, c, d
12. a, b, d
13. b, c, d, e
14. d, e
15. b, d, e
16. a, e
17. a, c, d
18. b, c, e
19. a, b, d
20. a, b, c
21. c, e
22. a, b, c
23. b, c, d, e
24. a, c
25. a, c, e
26. b, d, e

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ISBN: 978-93-88170-05-5

First Published June 13, 2018

Copyright: © 2018 Bartoș Dana Monica and Bartoș Adrian.

This book is distributed under the terms of the Creative Com-

About The Editors

Adrian Bartoș was born and

Corresponding Author and Coordinator of the chapter:

c. Anterior the xifoid process of

e. Lateral movements of the tho- rior direction while the muscular

tilages of the second-fifth ribs 12. When does ‘winging’ of the

e. Branches from the anterior process of the scapula

c. Vagus nerve orly there is the articulation with

Corresponding Author and Coordinator of the chapter:

Questionnaire c. It has a bifoliate shape

is formed by the diaphragm b. Thoracic duct

9. What is the most common c. Origin on the thoracolumbar

b. The transversalis fascia abdominis muscle and rectus

a. Posterior lamina of internal 26. Patient has a tumor located

23. The inferior epigastric

24. Arterial supply of the rectus

Corresponding Author and Coordinator of the chapter:

Questionnaire e. Posterior to it is the pectoralis

Corresponding Author and Coordinator of the chapter:

Questionnaire 3. Name the structures located

c. Inferior thyroid veins b. Thymus gland

6. Name the structures located 10. Name the structures located

7. Name the structures located 11. Which are the borders of

13. Name the structures located the thorax in passes together

Corresponding Author and Coordinator of the chapter:

Questionnaire to the apex

c. Most superior is the pulmo- inferior left lobe?

11. What impressions can we c. A virtual space filled up with a

a. Its origin is at the level of the

17. Name the characteristics of

Corresponding Author and Coordinator of the chapter:

d. Anterior b. The superior part of the medi-

11. Name what makes the right e. It has a pyramidal shape

Corresponding Author and Coordinator of the chapter:

Questionnaire b. Opening of the coronary sinus

6. Incisura apicis cordis repre-

b. Oblique left artery tricular septum

Corresponding Author and Coordinator of the chapter:

Questionnaire thoracic cavity?

6. The parasympathetic in- mediastinum are:

b. Bifurcation of the trachea b. Branches of the right gastric

plexus the anterior mediastinum

ing through the oesophageal

Corresponding Author and Coordinator of the chapter:

c. Descends along the greater d. Forms an anastomosis with

5. Arterial supply of the stom- 8. Right gastro-epiploic artery:

17. About the venous supply of a. Superior hepato-gastric

distal half of the greater curva- b. The lateral portion of the

26. Which of the following af-

27. Which of the following

Corresponding Author and Coordinator of the chapter:

Questionnaire b. It is partially intraperitoneal

6. Anterior relationships of the are:

b. Left sympathetic trunk have its origin:

d. Ileocolic vein region

d. Left colic vein

Corresponding Author and Coordinator of the chapter:

Questionnaire parts of the large intestine?

b. It is the first part of the large inferior mesenteric artery

15. Which of the following descending colon and to the