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●● Source A says that situation is of concern to Source D The massacres of Nanjing and the
many nations but Source C focuses only on sinking of the USS Panay helped to
the reaction of the USA and implies that the change attitudes.
USA alone is responsible for inaction.
There were growing movements in the
Fourth question – 9 marks US to boycott Japanese goods.
Using the sources and your own knowledge Below are the points that you could bring in from
assess the reasons for the USA’s change of attitude your own knowledge:
towards Japan between 1931 and 1941. ●● Roosevelt could not intervene in the 1930s
These are the points that you could find in the due to Neutrality Acts even though he had
sources to help you answer the question: sympathy with the Chinese position. His
hands were also tied by the isolationists.
Source A In 1931 the USA is anxious to avoid
involvement in international affairs. ●● The actions of Japanese changed US opinion –
as well as the Rape of Nanjing, these included
The USA sees Japan in a favourable
Japanese actions after 1938 and its wish to
light.
create a “a new world order”.
Source B By 1938 there is strong division of
●● In Europe the position regarding the victories
opinion in the USA over what action
of Nazi Germany, and the Tripartite Pact,
to take but the policy of isolationism is
was changing.
making it difficult for the president to
take action. ●● Japanese expansionism was taking place in
South East Asia.
Source C The USA in the 1930s was out to avoid
war – and prepared to do anything to ●● Another factor was the attack on Pearl Harbor
keep out of a war. 7th December, 1941.