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no: IOS-P-0010
Date: 2017-06-21
Packaging – general requirements Version no: AA-171373-17
IKEA of Sweden AB
Contents
This specification describes IKEA regulations and instructions for the design of packaging
solutions, the selection and quality of packaging materials, the marking of packaging, neat & clean
packaging, low handling material and test methods. This specification also defines standard unit
load dimensions and fixation requirements.
The requirements stated in this specification complement and have priority over all other
Packaging Requirements regarding establishing minimum requirements. Stated requirements
are valid throughout the IKEA supply chain.
All symbols and self declaration templates applicable in this specification are also available in
the Supplier Portal.
This specification is divided into a requirement part, where all requirements are stated, and an
appendix part containing test methods and supporting documents.
Implementation of changes
Changes in this specification, version no AA-171373-17, shall be implemented in production at
the latest from packaging date stamp 1801 (year 2018 week 01).
Products having a packaging date stamp earlier than 1801 shall be shipped to IKEA before
shipping products compliant with this version of the specification.
The following requirements are included for informational purposes only and will be re-
confirmed in coming version of the specification. The specification shall be seen as implemented
and confirmed as such even though these requirements have not been secured.
Table 2 Date stamps in IOS-P-0010
Requirement Date stamp
All paper material used as packaging material shall come from 1935 (year 2019 week 35
More Sustainable Sources (MSS)
No plastic material coming from 100% virgin fossil based raw 2035 (year 2020 week 35)
material is allowed for packaging purposes.
Table of contents
1 Supplier Information Responsibility ..................................................................................... 3
2 General Tolerances ............................................................................................................... 3
3 Dangerous Goods ................................................................................................................. 3
4 Approved Packaging Materials ............................................................................................. 4
5 Packaging Materials Quality Requirements .......................................................................... 9
5.1 Corrugated Cardboard Quality ...................................................................................... 9
5.2 Load Bearer Quality .................................................................................................... 11
5.3 Plastic Material Quality ............................................................................................... 11
5.3.1 Shrink Film Quality ..................................................................................................... 11
5.3.2 Stretch Film Quality .................................................................................................... 12
5.3.3 Plastic Bag Quality...................................................................................................... 12
5.3.4 Adhesive Tape Quality ................................................................................................ 13
5.3.5 Strap Quality ............................................................................................................. 13
5.4 Inside Filler................................................................................................................. 13
6 Marking of Packaging Materials .......................................................................................... 14
6.1 General Placement of Marking .................................................................................... 14
6.2 Marking Standard for Identification of Packaging Materials........................................ 14
6.3 Suffocation warning symbol........................................................................................ 15
6.4 The Green Dot ............................................................................................................. 16
6.5 Marking Standard for Japan ........................................................................................ 17
6.6 Marking of Corrugated Cardboard Quality ................................................................... 18
6.7 Marking of Load Bearer Quality ................................................................................... 19
6.8 Marking of Corrugated Cardboard Packaging Construction ......................................... 20
6.9 ISPM 15 – International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures ................................. 20
6.10 Other Symbols ............................................................................................................ 21
6.11 Other Markings ........................................................................................................... 21
7 Consumer Packaging .......................................................................................................... 21
8 Multi-Pack Packaging ......................................................................................................... 22
9 Unit Load Transport Packaging........................................................................................... 22
9.1 Top and Bottom Protection ......................................................................................... 22
9.2 Corner Protection ........................................................................................................ 23
9.3 Unit Load Fixation ....................................................................................................... 23
10 Low Handling Material ........................................................................................................ 24
10.1 Paper Pallet ................................................................................................................ 24
10.2 Loading Ledge ............................................................................................................. 25
10.3 Plastic foot .................................................................................................................. 25
10.4 Feet Pattern ................................................................................................................ 26
10.5 Load Bearer Sheet....................................................................................................... 28
11 Unit Load ............................................................................................................................ 29
11.1 Unit Load Types .......................................................................................................... 29
11.2 Modules and Storage Units ......................................................................................... 31
11.3 Filling solution ............................................................................................................ 31
11.3.1 Top Filling solution ..................................................................................................... 31
11.3.2 Length and Side Filling Solution ................................................................................... 32
11.4 Unit Load Stacking Capacity ........................................................................................ 32
11.5 Unit Load Stability Requirements ................................................................................ 34
12 Neat & Clean Packaging Requirements ............................................................................... 35
12.1 Neat & Clean Requirements for Consumer Packages................................................... 35
12.2 Neat & Clean Requirements for Transport Packaging .................................................. 38
13 Definitions .......................................................................................................................... 41
14 References ......................................................................................................................... 43
Appendix A: Test methods .............................................................................................................
Appendix B: Self declaration for packaging materials ....................................................................
Appendix C: Paper Pallet Standards ...............................................................................................
Appendix D: Unit Load Requirement when using Air Transportation ..............................................
Appendix E: General Tolerances Packaging Construction ...............................................................
Appendix F: How to fulfil IKEA requirement on More Sustainable Sources ....................................
Summary of Changes in version 17 ................................................................................................
Background
IKEA packaging ambition is to contribute to IKEA Democratic design by:
• protecting what it sells and selling what it protects through the different stages of the
handling process, from the supplier all the way to the customers home.
• inspiring the customers and simplifying the buying process by being an information
carrier for the product.
• developing packaging solutions that will contain the minimum adequate amount of
packaging material, so that the packaging is correctly adapted to its purpose.
• developing packaging solution in order to minimize volume to enable efficient distribution
and enable easy handling.
• producing handling materials with good design and good function at a low price.
• giving priority to packaging materials derived from renewable or recycled raw material.
• using materials that are easy to separate in order to enable the end-user to sort the
materials at the packaging end of life.
• following present and new rules along with laws concerning producer responsibility for
packaging and packaging waste locally and globally.
Accuracy of DWP information is essential in order for IKEA to fulfil producer responsibility
obligations. Inaccurate information can result in heavy business consequences for IKEA and its
supplier.
2 General Tolerances
In all packaging documentation, dimensions follow the ISO 2768-1 tolerance standard (see
Appendix E: General Tolerances Packaging Construction) unless otherwise stated by IKEA
product documentation.
3 Dangerous Goods
Some products are dangerous goods and have to be handled, packaged, labelled and
transported accordingly. Dangerous goods regulations are applicable and shall be followed.
Dangerous goods are materials or items with hazardous properties which, if not properly
controlled, present potential hazard to human health and safety, infrastructure and/or their
means of transportation. The regulations for transport of dangerous goods are built on the UN
model regulation.
One example of a product that is dangerous goods are Lithium-ion battery (>20 Wh/cell or
>100 Wh/battery). The UN number for Lithium-ion battery is 3480 or 3481 when packed with
equipment.
Note: Suppliers shall not define which goods are deemed dangerous. Definition and
classification of dangerous goods is specified by the IKEA product documentation.
© Inter IKEA Systems B.V. 2004-2017 Page 3 (86)
Specification Spec. no: IOS-P-0010
Date: 2017-06-21
Packaging – general requirements Version no: AA-171373-17
IKEA of Sweden AB
IOS-MAT-0010 Chemical Compounds and Substances is valid for each packaging material, since
packaging is seen as a part of the product. Additional requirements for packaging materials are
available in Table 3. Documentation, certificates, self declarations, and test reports are not
required for packaging materials unless otherwise stated by IKEA.
Non-corrugated
fibreboard (M-
board, Totally Chlorine Free (TCF) or Elementary
21 PAP
honeycomb, Chlorine Free (ECF) paper.
laminated paper,
moulded paper) AA-1875082
AA-1875085
Use of these materials as packaging materials
shall be strictly limited.
Wood-based
Wood-based materials shall not come from
materials
intact natural forests unless certified according
to FSC.
Requirement concerning formaldehyde:
E1 or better according to EN 622-5.
Dry-process
fibreboard 50 FOR
For dry-process fibreboard produced in North
(MDF/HDF/LDF)
America, the following applies instead of E1:
CARB-complaint board shall be used. AA-1875092
AA-1875092
AA-1875092
Requirement concerning formaldehyde:
E1 or better according to EN 312.
Particleboard 50 FOR
For particleboard produced in North America,
the following applies instead of E1: CARB-
compliant board shall be used. AA-1875092
Requirement concerning formaldehyde:
E1 or better according to EN 636.
Plywood 50 FOR
For plywood produced in North America, the
following applies instead of E1: CARB-
compliant board shall be used. AA-1875092
AA-1875092
Polyethylene
terephthalate -- 01 PET
(PET)
AA-266992
Polyethylene,
high density (PE- -- 02 PE-HD
HD)
AA-266990
Foamed
No use of HCFC or CFC in foam-blowing,
polyethylene 04 PE-LD
requirements according to IOS-MAT-0010.
(PE)
AA-266991
Polyethylene,
low density (PE- -- 04 PE-LD
LD)
AA-266991
Polypropylene
-- 05 PP
(PP)
AA-266994
Use of EPS only applicable for appliances
Polystyrene
range during a limited time.
(PS),
Expanded 06 PS
All EPS shall be free from flame retardants,
polystyrene
see IOS-MAT-0010 for a complete list and
(EPS) AA-266995
levels.
Polyester,
Polyamide (PA),
-- 07 O
Polylactic acid
(PLA)
AA-266988
The use of metal staples/clips in packaging is
Metal/Sheet only allowed for fixating fitting bags to the
metals product when required according to the
Packaging Requirement.
Carbon steel -- 40 FE
AA-1875086
Aluminium -- 41 ALU
AA-1875075
Textile
materials
AA-1875089
AA-1875089
AA-1875090
Glass
Colourless -- 70 GL
AA-1875077
Green -- 71 GL
AA-1875079
Brown -- 72 GL
AA-1875080
Marking of combined materials shall be done according to the material that stands for the
largest amount in the material combination (in weight).
Note: It is not allowed to include biocides in the package.
Note: It is not allowed to use silica gel bags or any bags of anti-moisture compounds.
Note: Solvent-borne inks are allowed to be used for printing on plastic materials.
For all packaging materials the following requirements concerning heavy metals shall be
fulfilled:
• Packaging materials shall not contain intentionally added lead, mercury, cadmium, or
hexavalent chromium, including their compounds.
• The sum of concentration of incidental (contaminant) lead, mercury, cadmium, and
hexavalent chromium in the packaging material shall be less than 100 mg/kg.
These last two requirements replace the requirements in IOS-MAT-0010 for these heavy metals.
ISO 5628 ISO 3037 ISO 2759 ISO 3035 ISO 535 ISO 3034 According to
STFI
method 5
IKEA CB 10 ≥ 0.65 ≥ 3.90 ≥ 600 -- 17-40 E 1.00-1.99 Max 2.5%
IKEA CB 20 ≥ 0.84 ≥ 4.50 ≥ 850 -- 17-40 E 1.00-1.99 Max 2.5%
IKEA CB 25 ≥ 2.10 ≥ 3.20 ≥ 500 ≥ 250 17-40 B 2.00-3.49 Max 2.5%
IKEA CB 30 ≥ 2.50 ≥ 3.90 ≥ 600 ≥ 280 17-40 B 2.00-3.49 Max 2.5%
IKEA CB 40 ≥ 2.80 ≥ 4.30 ≥ 700 ≥ 280 17-40 B 2.00-3.49 Max 2.5%
IKEA CB 50 ≥ 3.10 ≥ 5.00 ≥ 850 ≥ 340 17-40 B 2.00-3.49 Max 2.5%
1
The value is based on the average calculated from 10 measurements.
2
Bending stiffness = MD x CD (MD = Machine direction, CD = Cross direction). Average calculated from 20 measurements (10 on MD/CD).
3
Bursting strength shall be tested on both in and outside. Average calculated from 20 measurements (10 on inside/outside).
4
Cobb 60 shall be tested on both in and outside, average is reported for each side individually.
5
White corrugated board or liner samples to STFI mottling test shall be sent to ITTC Shanghai. 2 pieces, size 200x200 mm per piece, is required.
© Inter IKEA Systems B.V. 2004-2017 Page 9 (86)
Specification Spec. no: IOS-P-0010
Date: 2017-06-21
Packaging – general requirements Version no: AA-171373-17
IKEA of Sweden AB
ISO 5628 ISO 3037 ISO 2759 ISO 3035 ISO 535 ISO 3034 According to
STFI
method 5
IKEA CB 60 ≥ 5.10 ≥ 4.20 ≥ 700 ≥ 200 17-40 C/A 6 3.50-4.59/4.60-5.50 Max 2.5%
IKEA CB 70 ≥ 6.00 ≥ 5.00 ≥ 850 ≥ 270 17-40 C/A6 3.50-4.59/4.60-5.50 Max 2.5%
IKEA CB 80 ≥ 7.40 ≥ 5.60 ≥ 1100 ≥ 270 17-40 C/A6 3.50-4.59/4.60-5.50 Max 2.5%
IKEA CB 90 ≥ 8.40 ≥ 6.50 ≥ 1350 ≥ 330 17-40 C/A6 3.50-4.59/4.60-5.50 Max 2.5%
IKEA CB 100 ≥ 16.00 ≥ 7.40 ≥ 950 -- 17-40 Double wall -- Max 2.5%
IKEA CB 110 ≥ 20.00 ≥ 8.80 ≥ 1250 -- 17-40 Double wall -- Max 2.5%
IKEA CB 120 ≥ 29.00 ≥ 11.00 ≥ 1600 -- 17-40 Double wall -- Max 2.5%
IKEA CB 150 ≥ 26.00 ≥ 12.00 ≥ 1900 -- ≤ 40 -- -- Max 2.5%
IKEA CB 230 ≥ 50.00 ≥ 16.00 ≥ 2500 -- ≤ 40 -- -- Max 2.5%
IKEA CB 260 ≥ 75.00 ≥ 20.00 ≥ 4500 -- ≤ 40 -- -- Max 2.5%
6
C/A means either C or A flute.
© Inter IKEA Systems B.V. 2004-2017 Page 10 (86)
Specification Spec. no: IOS-P-0010
Date: 2017-06-21
Packaging – general requirements Version no: AA-171373-17
IKEA of Sweden AB
Column Test Load (kg), see Table 5, describes the weights used during deflection test to verify
the LB quality.
For test methods of compression strength and deflection, see Appendix A: Test methods 7, IOS-
TM-0037: Load Bearer Compression Test and IOS-TM-0038: Load Bearer Sheet Deflection Test.
The term Polyolefin (POF) is a family name for a group of thermoplastic materials and shall not
be used to specify plastic material. A more specific definition shall be used (e.g. PP, PE).
IKEA SH 10 Polyethylene ≥ 20 ≥ 20 ≥ 25 ≤8
IKEA SH 20 Polyethylene ≥ 30 ≥ 20 ≥ 25 ≤8
IKEA SH 30 Polyethylene ≥ 40 ≥ 30 ≥ 25 ≤ 12
7
From now on the reference will be only to test method number, Appendix A: Test methods will not be included.
© Inter IKEA Systems B.V. 2004-2017 Page 11 (86)
Specification Spec. no: IOS-P-0010
Date: 2017-06-21
Packaging – general requirements Version no: AA-171373-17
IKEA of Sweden AB
Table 7 shows recommended shrink film qualities for specific use. Shrink film shall be applied
according to film suppliers instructions/data sheets. All welding shall be performed with good
workmanship.
Table 7 Recommended shrink film for specific use.
Use IKEA SH 10 for soft bending Use IKEA SH 20 for flat, Use IKEA SH 30 for irregular
products. rectangular shapes. shapes, where there is empty
space etc.
Note: Toys with shrink film packaging shall follow shrink film requirements set in IOS-PRG-0010
Toys – Safety Requirements.
Stretch film shall be applied according to film manufacturer instructions/data sheets. The usage
of stretch film shall fulfil unit load goods fixation and test methods, see section 11.5.
Note: Haze and colour requirements are not applicable for fitting bags.
Straps shall be applied according to the strap manufacturers instructions/data sheets. Preferred
sealing methods are friction welding or heat welding. Pre-tension and breaking-tension shall not
be tested by supplier, the supplier shall receive the correct parameters from the strap
manufacturer. Application of straps shall fulfil unit load goods fixation and test methods, see
section 11.5.
Shock-absorbing IOS-TM-0036:
IKEA IF 20 block (edge ≤ 40 Consumer Package
protection). Handling Test
Identification label
Environmental marking
Store facing
(Front Side)
Figure 4 Placement of marking
Articles without consumer packages (i.e. only have labels) shall not be
marked.
Number of symbols Every part of the consumer or service package shall have a minimum of
one whole symbol. For plastic films and inside packaging components it is
allowed to print the symbol intermittent due to manufacturing reasons.
Preferable is minimum distance of 200 mm between the symbols. Size
and colour still to be respected.
Articles without consumer packages (i.e. only have labels) shall not be
marked.
Number of symbols Minimum one whole symbol per consumer or service package is
required. For plastic films it is allowed to print the symbol intermittent
due to manufacturing reasons. Preferable is minimum distance of 200
mm between the symbols. Size and colour still to be respected.
Tapes, strapping, and inner packaging (e.g. fillers, dividers) shall not be
marked.
The IPPC symbol shall be readable without use of visual aid. Note: Use of the IPPC symbol
requires approval from the National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO) in the production
country. The symbols are stated in the Regulation of wood packaging material in international
trade.
The supplier is allowed to use an internal packaging identification marking on condition that this
marking is placed in a concealed area, not visible on the finished packaging or packaging sales
solution that is meeting the customer.
7 Consumer Packaging
It shall be possible to handle a packed product on all six sides without any damage or
movement of the content in the package. For test method, see IOS-TM-0036: Consumer
Package Handling Test. Corrugated cardboard boxes for consumer packages shall not have
perforated fold lines. This is valid for all packaging solutions, except for single item – single
package with product thinner than 30 mm, inlays/dividers and if it is required by IKEA in the
Packaging Requirements/ Packaging Drawings.
If nothing else stated in the Packaging Requirement, assembly instructions shall be located in
package number 1 and shall (if possible) be visible when the customer opens the package.
8 Multi-Pack Packaging
A multi-pack packaging contains several consumer packages. The purpose of a multi-pack
packaging is to avoid single item handling in the supply chain and adapt the quantity to the
forecasted sales.
As the multi-pack packaging is intended for manual handling, maximum weight limitation is 15
kg. Multi-pack packaging with weight more than 15 kg has to be constructed as a module (i.e.
low unit load) with handling material, see section 11.2.
Figure 6 Corner protection application Figure 7 Tolerances for UL with Bottom tray
tolerances.
Note: Unit loads for products with edge radius more than 25 mm and which do not show any
damage or deformation after being exposed to minor collisions, do not require corner protection
as long as they comply with section 12 Neat & Clean Packaging Requirements.
What method to use depends on the shape, the weight of the goods that shall be fixated, the
performance and quality of the fixation method etc. If straps are used, appropriate edge
protection is required in order to avoid permanent marks on the packaging, see section 12.
Note: When fixating the load onto the handling material do not cover the fork entry of the
handling material.
It is not allowed to join several unit loads together with any fixation method. A unit load shall
always be handled as a separate unit load and never joining together two-by-two. This is valid
for both horizontal and vertical joining for unit loads. When modules are made as storage unit,
the modules shall be strapped together. For modules and storage units, see section 11.2.
This requirement is also applicable for filling solutions, except for load safety reasons.
Low handling materials have the following general requirements (see Figure 8):
• Standard height (H) of the foot is 50 mm.
• The width (W) of the fork entry, measured between two feet, is set to minimum 180 mm.
• Minimum fork entry height (H min) during compression (i.e. loaded with goods) is 45 mm
for paper pallet wherever measured throughout the supply chain. Fork entry height is the
distance between the underside of the load bearer and the ground surface (see Figure 9).
• Maximum fork entry height (H max) during compression (i.e. loaded with goods) is
50 mm.
• The placement of the feet shall follow requirements regarding feet pattern, to allow
handling with IKEA standard handling equipment, see section 10.4.
Figure 8 LHM foot height and fork entry width and height.
Figure 9 H min
Compliance shall be documented in accordance with Appendix B: Self declaration for packaging
materials, and shall be registered in Connect.
The paper pallet foot consist of a solid insert of vertically oriented rectangular corrugated
cardboard glued to a tray, see Figure 10. For available sizes, technical documentation, and test
requirements of paper pallet feet, see Table 21.
For test methods, see IOS-TM-0039: Pallet Foot Compression Test. The whole surface of the
paper pallet foot shall be glued onto the load bearer. For test method, see IOS-TM-0041: Pallet
Foot Shear Strength Test.
For available loading ledge sizes and technical documentation, see Table 22.
Table 22 Loading Ledge sizes.
Size Art. no. ICOMP
art. no.
760 x 50 mm 398.008.11 123005/1
510 x 50 mm 998.009.07 132871
The loading ledge shall be fixated onto the load bearer sheet or multi-pack packaging. Whatever
method is used, it shall be possible to separate the loading ledge from the load bearer sheet or
multi-pack packaging by hand-force. When lifting the unit load without any goods fixation, the
loading ledge shall follow the unit load.
8
Is to be phased out by packaging date stamp 1801 (year 2018 week 01).
© Inter IKEA Systems B.V. 2004-2017 Page 25 (86)
Specification Spec. no: IOS-P-0010
Date: 2017-06-21
Packaging – general requirements Version no: AA-171373-17
IKEA of Sweden AB
For available plastic foot size and technical documentation, see Table 23.
Table 23 Loading Ledge sizes.
Size Art. no. ICOMP
art. no.
160 x 96 x 50 mm 598.008.53 123735
The plastic foot shall be fixated to the load bearer sheet or multi-pack packaging. Whatever
method is used, it shall be possible to separate the plastic foot from the load bearer sheet or
multi-packaging by hand force. When lifting the unit load without any goods fixation, the plastic
foot shall follow the unit load.
The placement of loading ledges and paper pallet feet shall be symmetrical in respect to the unit
load. The narrowest unit load that can be handled within IKEA is 480 mm with standard
monoforks and 720 mm with standard pallet jack.
Unit loads with low handling material shall be constructed to be handled 4-way by IKEA
standard handling equipment, standard pallet jacks (520 mm) and mono forks (280 mm). 4-
way handling means that you can handle the unit load from both length and width sides.
The fork entry shall be visible when using a forklift. For paper pallet with plain sheet used as
load bearer, the placement of the feet shall be 4 mm in from the edge, with a tolerance of -4
mm/+6 mm. See Figure 14.
Trays shall follow same tolerance as plain sheet, measured from the inside dimension of the
tray.
The unit load with handling material shall be possible to store on a standard wooden pallet
according to Table 24.
The unit load shall be placed centred on the standard wooden pallet. Each foot or loading ledge
that has contact with the standard wooden pallet, shall have a minimum 50% of the foot surface
or loading ledge supported by the pallet, see Figure 16.
Figure 16 Minimum foot and loading ledge placement on standard wooden pallets
(EUR/HALF/IKEA).
To both meet requirement of storing on standard wooden pallet and ensure visibility from forklift
position, additional feet or loading ledges may be needed.
If a tray solution is used as load bearer, the construction shall follow IKEA construction standard
I452, I453 or similar. It is also required that it shall be glued. For tray used for ready-to-sell
solution, the feet can be glued directly on the tray.
Dimensions of the load bearer sheet sizes are standardized, see Appendix C: Paper Pallet
Standards.
The load bearer sheet shall follow the size of the unit load with a maximum deviation of
+15 mm/-24 mm, i.e. +7.5 mm/-12 mm on each side, see Figure 17. The load bearer shall
always be centred in relation to the unit load.
The lowest flute height of the sheet shall be glued against the feet or fixated to the loading
ledges to get the best result for the fork entry opening height, see Figure 18.
Figure 18 Example where lowest flute height of the sheet is glued to the feet.
11 Unit Load
This section describes the dimension and weight limits allowed (unit load constraints) for all
types of unit loads used within IKEA.
Note: Exceeding maximum gross dimensions or weight of the unit loads is against the IKEA
safety rule.
Table 25 Unit load types
Unit load AL, FULL PALLET, low handling material
Gross length 1200 mm (max 1600 mm)
Gross width 760 mm (max 1000 mm)
Gross height Max 1000 mm, including low
handling material
Gross weight Max 677 kg, including low handling
material
Unit load BL, HALF PALLET, low handling material
Gross length 760 mm (max 1000 mm)
Gross width 600 mm (max 800 mm)
Gross height Max 1000 mm, including low
handling material
Gross weight Max 338 kg, including low handling
material
Gross height --
The following test methods shall not be used for unit load type G:
This does not apply to strand board pallets, for which above
mentioned test methods shall still be followed.
Tilting of unit loads during transportation or storage is not allowed. The unit load construction is
not considering other orientation than upright position.
Note: The unit load type BL/B is constructed as being a ready-to-sell (RTS) solution and always
equal to a MDQ/MDU.
Note: Requirements for unit loads that are transported by air freight, see Appendix D: Unit Load
Requirement when using Air Transportation.
The storage unit has the same unit load constraints as specified in section 11.1.
All requirements for unit loads are valid for the modules as well as for the storage unit except
for no unique unit load label for the storage unit.
Example (see Figure 19): A packaging solution is created as a module of type AL. Two modules
can be stored together as a storage unit, with a height of maximum 1000 mm and a weight of
maximum 677 kg, which is the constraints of the unit load type AL. This means that the module
height including low handling material is maximum 500 mm and the module weight including
low handling material is maximum 338 kg.
Storage Unit
Module Module
A top filling solution is a unit load divided in the horizontal direction where all separate parts
shall have a low handling material (see section 10) and fulfil the unit load protection
requirements (see section 9). The divided unit load shall be able to be rebuilt back to a unit load
with the same quantity and constraints as the standard unit load (see section 11.1). However,
the height constraint for the rebuilt unit load is maximum 1050 mm.
The divided unit load shall be able to be rebuilt back to a unit load, including low handling
material, with the same quantity and constraints as the standard unit load (see section 11). The
low handling material shall be included by the supplier in the same shipment. Special attention
when using this filling solution is the Neat & Clean packaging requirements (see section 12).
As a minimum, when Stacking Indication=“Yes” it is expected that the unit load shall be able to
withstand stacking of unit loads with same weight and similar footprint, plus a top filling
solution, reaching a stacking height of up to 2610 mm 9, see Figure 21. For test method, see
IOS-TM-0042: Unit Load Stacking Capacity Test.
The stacking height is only for determining the Stacking Capacity during the test. Maximum
allowed actual loading height shall follow loading guidelines and is dependent on loading unit
type (LUT) and local transport legislation.
9
2610 mm is related to the available loading height in loading unit type 40 feet high cube container.
© Inter IKEA Systems B.V. 2004-2017 Page 32 (86)
Specification Spec. no: IOS-P-0010
Date: 2017-06-21
Packaging – general requirements Version no: AA-171373-17
IKEA of Sweden AB
Figure 21 Unit Load with gross weight = X kg Figure 22 Unit Load with gross weight = Y kg.
Example (see Figure 21): The unit load has a gross weight of X=500 kg and a unit load gross
height of H=1000 mm. This means that it is possible to stack one unit load + top filling solution
on top before reaching the maximum stacking height. The Stacking Capacity is then expected to
be 750 kg (1,5*500 kg) after testing.
Example (see Figure 22): The unit load has a gross weight of Y=300 kg and a unit load gross
height of H=500 mm. This means that it is possible to stack four unit loads on top before
reaching the maximum stacking height. The Stacking Capacity is then expected to be 1200 kg
(4*300 kg) after testing.
Since the loading unit type and storage method can differ for the same unit load throughout the
supply chain the load stacked on top of the unit load can also be different. Therefore,
consideration to mixed articles in the shipments from the supplier shall not be regarded during
testing of Stacking Capacity. The Stacking Capacity should be as close as possible to maximum
load before collapse of the unit load, still complying with all unit load requirements with special
attention to safety.
In restricted cases, the unit load cannot withstand load corresponding to the minimum Stacking
Capacity. A lower Stacking Capacity is then allowed after agreement with IKEA.
”Neat & Clean” is a common assessment of required conditions of IKEA packages. It shall be used from the moment the goods arrive at first
receiving point, being forwarded in the IKEA supply chain until the product meets the customer. All types of consumer, multi-pack, and transport
packaging are to be assessed according to Table 28 and Table 29. The Neat & Clean assessment is an integral part of IKEA daily operations for
evaluating packaging damages. It shall provide common ground for each individual decision regarding severity and relevance of a detected
packaging deviation.
Note: Ready to sell solutions (RTS) are considered as transport packaging. Defects on RTS packages which negatively influence the shop
environment are not acceptable. Note: Packaging solutions for kitchen and laundry appliances are considered as transport packaging.
The packaging AND the products • Any kind of damage to the product itself; Appearance and functionality of product and/or
1.
are damaged. even very small package is affected.
• All graphical elements, markings or labels Packaging surface shows scribbles, marks,
10. The packaging have graffiti on it.
not required/authorised by IKEA signs, labels or any other graphical element.
The packaging shows signs of The package has visible areas or spots of
14. • Any size.
mould/fungus. organically contamination (mould or fungus).
• Any size
Cracks on moulded packaging The moulded packaging part has broken into
16.
parts (i.e. Paper/EPS). Note: Packaging for appliances is defined as several pieces after a shock or impact.
Transport packaging.
The packaging AND the products Appearances and functionality of product and/or
1. • Any kind of damage.
are damaged. consumer package is affected.
The transport packaging is cut or • Any deformation, marks or damage to the Press marks, tears or holes caused by straps or
11. compressed by the strap or containing consumer package. transport belts with increased risk of concealed
transport belt. • The protective function is compromised. damages to the consumer package.
The transport package shows The package has visible areas or spots of
14. • Any size, even small indications.
signs of mould/fungus. organically contamination (mould or fungus).
13 Definitions
Term Description
Consumer packaging Consumer packaging, i.e. primary packaging, refers to all packaging which is
in direct contact with the product and ends up in the customers home. It also
serves the purpose as bearer of product information.
Date stamp The date stamp shows the packing year and week of a product.
Dimension Weights The Dimension, Weights and Packaging information is a fundamental part of
and Packaging the IKEA information infrastructure and is used within many different
(DWP) functions within IKEA.
Multi-pack (MP) Multi-pack packaging, i.e. secondary packaging, refers to packaging designed
packaging to contain several consumer packages.
Oversize The measurements of a unit load where the products have dimensions larger
than standard gross measurements.
Parcel packaging Packaging used to facilitate distribution of one or several consumer packages
to one receiver (i.e. CDC operations, e-commerce) in the parcel operation.
Also part of the definition of Transport packaging.
Packaging Drawing A technical drawing of the packaging construction.
(PD)
Plastic bag Plastic bag is a structure of plastic film closed on at least 3 sides.
Printing original At IKEA, the print original for consumer packages intended for home
furnishing accessories is called a “packaging original”.
Packaging solution Packaging solution is a minimum delivery unit including handling material,
multi-pack packaging, consumer packages, all other packaging parts and
material and connected documentation.
Ready-To-Sell (RTS) The product can be sold without any single-item handling just by removing
packaging solution the transport packaging.
Recycling/ Recycling means the reprocessing of packaging waste materials for the
recyclability original purpose or for other purposes including organic recycling but
excluding energy recovery.
Reuse Reuse means any operation by which packaging, which has been designed to
accomplish within its lifecycle a minimum number of trips, is refilled or used
for the same purpose with or without reconditioning/repair
Service Packaging Service packaging refers to all packaging materials provided at point of sale in
order to carry products or multiple products as a help to customer. E.g.
wrapping paper, carrier bags etc.
Single item/Single There is only one Consumer Package (e.g. corrugated cardboard box or shrink
package film package) consisting of one main element (e.g. door, kitchen front,
candle, picture frame, mattress, carpet, lamp, textile items).
Stacking indication A parameter describing if it is permitted to stack any weight on top. It is
defined in required DWP as Yes or No.
IKEA Standard Refers to normal forklifts, pallet jacks, and mono forks used in IKEA.
handling equipment
Standard wooden Three standard types of wooden pallets exist:
pallet EUR pallet (1200 x 800 x 150 mm)
IKEA pallet (2000 x 800 x 150 mm)
HALF pallet (600 x 800 x 150 mm)
Storage unit A storage unit contains multiple modules stacked together to fill a storage
location in a warehouse.
Store facing Side facing the customer in the store.
Strand board pallet A one way wooden based pallet with wooden feet.
Transport packaging Transport packaging refers to all packaging material used to protect and
facilitate handling during transportation of consumer packages or multi-pack
packages.
Unit load Unit load is a manageable unit consisting of one or several consumer
packages or several Multi-pack packages, fixated to a handling material,
designed to fit supply chain and storage facilities.
Unit Load Label A label to track goods during supply chain, described in IOS-PRG-0019.
(ULL)
Unit Load Stacking The Unit Load Stacking Capacity defines the maximum weight (in kg) that can
Capacity be stacked on top of the unit load.
Unit load Type A/AL A type that is developed for logistic purpose, where combinations of consumer
packs, multipacks and RTS can be used.
Unit load Type B/BL A type that is developed to fit the sales locations and store equipment, where
RTS is used.
Unit load Type D/DL A type that is developed for logistic purpose, for consumer packages with a
length exceeding 1600 mm.
14 References
Table 30. References related to specification.
Related standards/ Name
specifications
AA-XXXXXX Internal IKEA codification number
DIN 6120 part 1 Marking of packaging and packaging materials for recycling purposes - Plastics
packaging and packaging materials - Part 1: Graphical symbols
DIN 6120 part 2 Marking of packaging and packaging materials for recycling purposes - Plastics
packaging and packaging materials - Part 2: Supplementary marking
EN 120 Wood-based panels - Determination of formaldehyde content - Extraction
method called the perforator method
EN 300 Oriented strand boards (OSB) definitions classification and specifications
EN 312 Particleboards specifications
EN 622-2 Fibreboards specifications part-2 requirements for hardboards
EN 622-5 Fibreboards Specifications - Part 5: Requirements for dry process boards (MDF)
EN 636 Plywood specifications
EN 717-1 Wood-based panels - Determination of formaldehyde release - Part 1:
Formaldehyde emission by the chamber method
EN 717-2 Wood-based panels - Determination of formaldehyde release - Part 2:
Formaldehyde release by the gas analysis method
FSC CoC standard FSC Standard for Chain of Custody Certification
FSC-STD-40-004 V2-1 EN
ISPM 15 International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures
Regulation of wood packaging material in international trade
IPPC International Plant Protection Convention
IOS-MAT-0010 IKEA Specification: Chemical Compounds and Substances
IOS-PRG-0010 IKEA Specification: Toys - Safety Requirements
IOS-PRG-0019 IKEA Specification: Requirements for labels
ISO 535 Paper and board -- Determination of water absorptiveness -- Cobb method
ISO 1043-1 Plastics - Symbols and abbreviated terms - Part 1: Basic polymers and their
special characteristics
ISO 2759 Board - Determination of bursting strength
ISO 2768 General tolerances - Part 1: Tolerances for linear and angular dimensions
without individual tolerance indications
ISO 3034 Corrugated fibreboard - Determination of thickness
ISO 3035 Single-faced and single-wall corrugated fibreboard - Determination of flat crush
resistance
ISO 3037 Corrugated fibreboard - Determination of edgewise crush resistance (unwaxed
edge method)
ISO 5628 Paper and board - Determination of bending stiffness by static methods --
General principles
Documentation ............................................................................................................. 2
Packaging Test Methods ............................................................................................... 3
IOS-TM-0027: Corrugated Cardboard Receiving Inspection and Test Methods .......... 3
IOS-TM-0027 Part A: Weight Comparison Test .......................................................... 4
IOS-TM-0027 Part B: Compression Comparison Test ................................................. 5
IOS-TM-0027 Part C: Surface Test ............................................................................. 6
IOS-TM-0027 Part D: Water Absorption Test ............................................................. 7
IOS-TM-0033: Shrink Film Puncture Test .................................................................. 8
IOS-TM-0034: Packaging Tape Adhesive Capacity Test ........................................... 10
IOS-TM-0036: Consumer Package Handling Test ..................................................... 11
IOS-TM-0043: Corner Protection Puncture Test ...................................................... 13
Handling Material Test Methods ................................................................................. 14
IOS-TM-0037: Load Bearer Compression Test ......................................................... 14
IOS-TM-0038: Load Bearer Sheet Deflection Test .................................................... 15
IOS-TM-0039: Pallet Foot Compression Test ........................................................... 17
IOS-TM-0040: Pallet Foot Insert Side Compression Test ......................................... 18
IOS-TM-0041: Pallet Foot Shear Strength Test ........................................................ 19
Unit Load Testing Methods ......................................................................................... 20
Unit Load Test Sequence ......................................................................................... 20
IOS-TM-0042: Unit Load Stacking Capacity Test...................................................... 21
IOS-TM-0047: Unit Load Transportation Test .......................................................... 23
IOS-TM-0044: Unit Load Stability Test – 27° ........................................................... 24
IOS-TM-0045: Unit Load Stability Test – 10° ........................................................... 26
IOS-TM-0046: Unit Load Store Handling Test .......................................................... 28
Documentation
Test performed at IKEA supplier shall be documented in a logbook.
Documentation of testing at IKEA supplier and test reports from IKEA approved laboratories
shall include:
• IKEA supplier number and name
• Name of person who has performed the test
• Material supplier
• Sample quality code
• Material description (type of material such as physical characteristics, and materials
producers identification codes)
• Material batch number or equivalent
• Material date stamp (or production date)
• Details of any deviation from the test method
• Test result
• Date of testing
Pictures can be attached to clarify a result or to describe any remarkable finding during the test.
Frequency
Packaging shall be inspected at reception and the result documented. The inspection frequency
can be reduced in agreement with IKEA, based on a documented performance of the packaging
supplier. If packaging material is purchased by IKEA Components from NPS (Nominated
Packaging Suppliers), it is not mandatory to perform receiving inspection.
Note: Passing the inspection does not replace the requirement for the unconverted corrugated
cardboard in Table 4.
Laboratory test shall always be carried out whenever there is a change of condition (e.g. change
of packaging material supplier, failed test on material), new/changed/updated packaging
solution (e.g. material, dimension, construction), or change in process parameters (e.g. new
equipment). As a minimum, all tests shall always be renewed within 12 months.
Note: Nominal value is the value that the supplier state in the self declaration, based on test
report from Test Laboratory.
Environment
Test at IKEA supplier.
Procedure
1. Perform test according to IOS-TM-0027 Part A: Weight Comparison Test
2. Perform test according to IOS-TM-0027 Part B: Compression Comparison Test
3. Perform test according to IOS-TM-0027 Part C: Surface Test
4. Perform test according to IOS-TM-0027 Part D: Water Absorption Test
Equipment
• Five samples from the received shipment, each having the same size as reference
sample.
• Reference sample (recommended size minimum 1 dm2).
• Laboratory scale with controlled weight tolerance +/- 0.01 gram.
Note: The reference sample shall be renewed when needed, as a minimum yearly.
Preparation
The samples shall be conditioned together with the reference sample in a normal room climate
for 24 hours.
Procedure
5. Measure the reference sample weight.
6. Measure the weight of each sample.
7. Calculate the average weight of the five samples.
8. Compare the average weight with the reference sample weight.
Assessment
The weight shall not be outside the range of 95-105 % in comparison to the reference sample
weight.
Example: If the reference sample weight after conditioning is 3.00 g, then the test has passed if
the average weight of the five sample pieces is not less than 2.85 g (- 5%) or not more than
3.15 g (+5%).
Equipment
• Five samples from the received shipment (the samples shall be cut minimum 50 mm
from the edge or fold).
• Reference sample.
• Measurement tool with a tolerance +/- 0.01 mm, see Figure 23. Dial gauge micrometre
is recommended.
Note: The reference sample shall be renewed when needed, as a minimum yearly.
Note: It is important to measure with a proper instrument in order to obtain correct values.
Make sure the corrugated cardboard is not crushed and applied pressure is correct, see Figure
24. It is important to measure thickness on the flat surface of the liners. Secure that the sample
will be perpendicular to the measurement tool.
Preparation
Control if the stack is flat or skewed, see Figure 25 and Figure 26. Compression on one side of
the converted corrugated cardboard only is not acceptable.
The samples shall be conditioned together with the reference sample in a normal room climate
for 24 hours.
Procedure
1. Measure the reference sample thickness.
2. Measure the thickness of the five samples.
3. Calculate the average thickness of the five samples.
4. Compare the average thickness with the reference sample thickness.
Assessment
Compression caused by converting shall be less than 0.3 mm, comparing to the reference
sample.
Example: If the reference sample thickness is 2.92 mm, the result is acceptable if the average
thickness of the samples is 2.62-2.92 mm.
Equipment
• One sample from the received shipment
• Reference sample
• Light with daylight colour (500 lux)
Note: The reference samples shall be renewed when needed, as a minimum yearly.
Procedure
1. Light up the surface from 1 meter with the light source directly above the converted
package.
2. Compared the sample with the reference sample.
Assessment
The test is passed if the samples have no visible washboard effect, see Figure 27.
Equipment
• One sample from the received shipment
• Water
• Measuring cup (5 ml)
• Blotting paper
Procedure
For test procedure, see Table 31.
Assessment
This test can only predict whether the sample is close to IKEA requirements. In case of any
doubt the sample shall be judged as non-compliant.
Frequency
Each shipment of packaging shall be tested at reception and the result documented. The
inspection frequency can be reduced in agreement with IKEA, based on a documented
performance of the packaging supplier.
Test shall always be carried out whenever there is a change of condition (e.g. change of
packaging material supplier, failed test on material), new/changed/updated packaging solution
(e.g. material, dimension, construction), or change in process parameters (e.g. new
equipment). As a minimum, all tests shall always be renewed within 12 months.
Environment
Test at IKEA supplier
Equipment
• Five shrink film samples per test.
• Shrink film test equipment, see Figure 28.
o Level plate according to AA-565877
o Cylinder with ring according to AA-1784820
o Puncture stick according to AA-565875
1. Level plate
2. Cylinder with ring
3. Puncture stick
Procedure
1. Place the cylinder with ring on a rigid surface.
2. Insert the level plate into the level to be tested according to Table 6, see Figure 29.
3. Apply the shrink film. The shrink film shall be sealed properly, i.e. without any openings.
4. Apply heat to shrink the film tightly.
5. Push the puncture stick in a vertical direction towards the level plate, see Figure 30.
6. Repeat the test with the other side of the puncture stick.
7. Repeat the test for all samples.
Assessment
If the puncture stick reaches the level plate on all samples before the film punctures, the film is
approved according to shrink film quality requirement, see Table 6.
Frequency
Each shipment of packaging shall be tested at reception and the result documented. The
inspection frequency can be reduced in agreement with IKEA, based on a documented
performance of the packaging supplier.
Test shall always be carried out whenever there is a change of condition (e.g. change of
packaging material supplier, failed test on material), new/changed/updated packaging solution
(e.g. material, dimension, construction), or change in process parameters (e.g. new
equipment). As a minimum, all tests shall always be renewed within 12 months.
Environment
Test at IKEA supplier.
Equipment
• Six pieces of adhesive tape (length min. 200 mm excluding open end piece).
• Corrugated cardboard sheet, from the packaging line in actual quality according to
packaging requirements.
• Dispenser
Procedure
1. Attach six pieces of adhesive tape onto the outside of the corrugated cardboard sheet,
see Figure 31. Leave an open end of the tape over the edge of the sheet. The tape
direction relative the flute direction is of no importance. Make sure the tape is attached
in a proper way all over the whole surface, with no wrinkles or air cavities.
2. Wait 24 hours for the tape and the corrugated cardboard to properly be joined together.
3. Grasp the open end of the tape and tear off the tape upwards (in a vertical direction)
slowly from sheet.
4. Measure the area of the surface on the tape that was attached on the corrugated
cardboard where fibres were ripped off.
5. Document the result for each tape.
Assessment
The test has passed if more than 50% of the fibres was torn off the corrugated cardboard for
each tape.
Test Sequence
This test shall be performed after the unit load testing, see Unit Load Test Sequence.
Frequency
Test shall always be carried out whenever there is a change of condition (e.g. change of
packaging material supplier, failed test on material), new/changed/updated packaging solution
(e.g. material, dimension, construction), or change in process parameters (e.g. new
equipment). As a minimum, all tests shall always be renewed within 12 months.
Environment
Test at IKEA supplier.
Equipment
• Three consumer packages picked from the bottom of the tested unit load.
• Measure tape.
Rotation test
Procedure
1. Rotate the package along the length of the package until it gets back to its original
position. Follow the label for indication, see Figure 32.
2. After each movement let the end of the package falling down approximately 50 mm
height, see Figure 33.
3. Repeat the procedure for the top and side of the package (see Figure 34 and Figure 35.).
4. Repeat the test for all three samples.
Figure 32 Rotation along the length of the Figure 33 Release the package from 50 mm
package. height.
Figure 34 Rotation along the top of the Figure 35 Rotation along the side of the
package. package.
Assessment
The test has passed when the following is fulfilled:
• All product parts/components included in the package is undamaged.
• The closing of the package is intact.
• All product parts or packaging parts are remaining in the original location stated in the
Packaging Requirement.
Drop test
This test is only applicable if shock absorber is required in the Packaging Requirement unless
otherwise more stringent requirements are stated.
Procedure
Lift up the package to 250 mm above floor level, with the side that shall be tested facing down.
No accurate angle is required. The sides that have shock absorbers shall face the floor. Drop the
package on the floor. See Figure 36.
Assessment
The test has passed when the following is fulfilled:
• All product parts/components included in the package is undamaged.
Frequency
Each shipment of packaging shall be tested at reception and the result documented. The
inspection frequency can be reduced in agreement with IKEA, based on a documented
performance of the packaging supplier.
Test shall always be carried out whenever there is a change of condition (e.g. change of
packaging material supplier, failed test on material), new/changed/updated packaging solution
(e.g. material, dimension, construction), or change in process parameters (e.g. new
equipment). As a minimum, all tests shall always be renewed within 12 months.
Environment
Test at IKEA supplier.
Equipment
• 10 corner protection samples.
• Test equipment:
o Puncture stick with tip according to AA-565943
o Steel pipe according to AA-565942
• Corrugated cardboard sheet (min. thickness 7 mm)
Procedure
1. Place the corrugated cardboard sheet under the test sample.
2. Place the steel pipe on the sample.
3. Place the puncture stick inside the steel pipe so that the tip is 700 mm above the test
sample.
4. Drop the steel bar from 700 mm height, see Figure 37.
5. Repeat the test for all 10 samples.
Assessment
The test has failed if the whole 6 mm tip has penetrated into the corner protection for any of the
test samples, see Figure 38 and Figure 39.
Frequency
Test shall always be carried out whenever there is a change of condition (e.g. change of
packaging material supplier, failed test on material), new/changed/updated packaging solution
(e.g. material, dimension, construction), or change in process parameters (e.g. new
equipment). As a minimum, all tests shall always be renewed within 12 months.
Environment
Test in IKEA approved laboratory.
Equipment
• Five load bearer samples (300x300 mm).
• Compression testing machine (sample area min. 300x300 mm).
• Load applicator (100x100 mm), e.g. block made of wood.
Preparation
All test samples shall be pre-conditioned for 24 hours before testing in the following conditions:
• Relative humidity: 50% ± 5%
• Temperature: 23 °C ± 2 °C
Procedure
1. Place test sample on a flat, hard, rigid, horizontal surface.
2. Place a rigid load applicator on the middle of the test sample, see Figure 40.
3. Apply a uniformly distributed load on the load applicator with a constant speed of
10 mm/min, and measure the maximum force that is reached before the deformation
reaches 5 mm. For material below 10 mm measure the maximum force that is reached
before the deformation reaches 4 mm. The compression force shall include the weight of
applicator.
4. Document the reached compression force for each sample.
Assessment
According to load bearer compression strength requirement, see Table 5.
Frequency
Test shall always be carried out whenever there is a change of condition (e.g. change of
packaging material supplier, failed test on material), new/changed/updated packaging solution
(e.g. material, dimension, construction), or change in process parameters (e.g. new
equipment). As a minimum, all tests shall always be renewed within 12 months.
Environment
Test in IKEA approved laboratory.
Equipment
• 10 samples (100x450 mm).
• Fixture support (height 50 mm), e.g. paper pallet foot or other light weight block.
• Static load.
• Load applicator (90x180 mm), e.g. paper pallet foot or other light weight block.
Note: The total weight of the static load excluding load applicator shall be according to Table 5.
Preparation
All test samples shall be pre-conditioned for 24 hours before testing in the following conditions:
• Relative humidity: 50% ± 5%
• Temperature: 23 °C ± 2 °C
Procedure
1. Use the fixture support as support for the sample to be tested. The distance between the
supporting blocks shall be 300 mm, see Figure 42.
2. Measure the distance between the load bearer and the table.
3. Place the static load in the middle of the test sample. Use a load applicator in order to
distribute the load.
4. Wait 10 minutes.
5. Measure the deflection (Δ H), see Figure 42.
6. Perform the deflection test for five samples in the machine direction (MD) and five
samples in the cross machine direction (CD).
7. Note the deflections of each sample.
8. Calculate the average value in each direction.
Assessment
The average value shall be according to load bearer deflection requirement, see Table 5.
Frequency
Test shall always be carried out whenever there is a change of condition (e.g. change of
packaging material supplier, failed test on material), new/changed/updated packaging solution
(e.g. material, dimension, construction), or change in process parameters (e.g. new
equipment). As a minimum, all tests shall always be renewed within 12 months.
Environment
Test in IKEA approved laboratory.
Equipment
• Compression testing machine.
• 10 pallet feet samples.
Preparation
All test samples shall be pre-conditioned for 24 hours before testing in the following conditions:
• Relative humidity: 50% ± 5%
• Temperature: 23 °C ± 2 °C
Procedure
1. Place test sample on a flat, hard, rigid and horizontal surface according to Figure 43.
2. Run the compression testing machine with a constant speed of 10 mm/min, and measure
the maximum force that is reached before the deformation reaches 5 mm.
3. Repeat the test for all ten samples.
4. Note the reached compression force for each sample.
5. Calculate the average for all ten samples.
Assessment
The average value shall be according to paper pallet foot compression requirement, see Table
21.
Frequency
Test shall always be carried out whenever there is a change of condition (e.g. change of
packaging material supplier, failed test on material), new/changed/updated packaging solution
(e.g. material, dimension, construction), or change in process parameters (e.g. new
equipment). As a minimum, all tests shall always be renewed within 12 months.
Environment
Test in IKEA approved laboratory.
Equipment
• 10 pallet foot insert samples (without cover).
• Compression testing machine
Preparation
All test samples shall be pre-conditioned for 24 hours before testing in the following conditions:
• Relative humidity: 50% ± 5%
• Temperature: 23 °C ± 2 °C
Procedure
1. Place the test on a flat, hard, rigid and horizontal surface according to Figure 44.
2. Run the compression testing machine with a constant speed of 10 mm/min, and measure
the maximum force that is reached before the deformation reaches 5 mm.
3. Repeat the test for all ten samples.
4. Note the reached compression force for each sample.
5. Calculate the average for all ten samples.
Assessment
The average value shall be according to paper pallet foot insert side compression requirement,
see Table 21.
Frequency
Each shipment of packaging shall be tested at reception and the result documented. The
inspection frequency can be reduced in agreement with IKEA, based on a documented
performance of the packaging supplier.
Test shall always be carried out whenever there is a change of condition (e.g. change of
packaging material supplier, failed test on material), new/changed/updated packaging solution
(e.g. material, dimension, construction), or change in process parameters (e.g. new
equipment). As a minimum, all tests shall always be renewed within 12 months.
Environment
Test at IKEA supplier and packaging supplier.
Equipment
• One pallet with glued feet.
• Torque wrench.
• Foot fixture:
o 90x180 mm, according to AA-565956
o 90x90 mm, according to AA-567784
o 90x140 mm, according to AA-1226622
Note: Since there are tolerances on both the fixture and the foot itself, sometimes a small
metal plate is needed in order to fill up the gap between the foot and the fixture. The gap shall
be minimum 1 mm and maximum 3 mm.
Procedure
1. Firmly fix the paper pallet on top of a rigid table.
2. Place the foot fixture around one foot.
3. Use the torque wrench in order to apply a shear force to the foot. Keep increasing the
torque wrench until the momentum is reached according to the requirement in Table 21.
The rotation of the foot shall be in the same place as the supporting table.
4. Repeat the test for three feet in total on the pallet.
5. Register the result of each test by indicating the torque (Nm) reached.
Assessment
The test is pass if all feet are intact and remain fixed in place after testing. If any kind of failure
occurs before reaching the required momentum according to shear strength requirement, see
Table 21, describe the failure in the test report.
© Inter IKEA Systems B.V. 2004-2017 Appendix A Page 19 (19)
Specification Spec. no: IOS-P-0010
Date: 2017-06-21
Packaging – general requirements Version no: AA-171373-17
IKEA of Sweden AB
Note: It is accepted to have 27° test (IOS-TM-0044: Unit Load Stability Test - 27°) before the
transportation test (IOS-TM-0047: Unit Load Transportation Test).
If the supplier has the same article in different colours, using the same packaging solution and
the same packaging supplier and batch, it is allowed to test one colour and then assume that
the other colours will have the same result.
Frequency
Test shall always be carried out whenever there is a change of condition (e.g. change of
packaging material supplier, failed test on material), new/changed/updated packaging solution
(e.g. material, dimension, construction), or change in process parameters (e.g. new
equipment).
Environment
Test at IKEA supplier.
Equipment
• One unit load.
• One low handling material (with the same construction as used for the unit load).
• Solid board covering the complete top surface of the unit load.
• Weights according to Table 32.
• Standard handling equipment (forklift).
The unit load shall be compliant to all given requirements before testing.
Test Sequence
1. Test according to required stacking capacity according to the stacking height
requirement.
2. If test 1
a. Is OK: Test according to estimated maximum stacking capacity
(defined by supplier).
b. Is not OK: Test according to estimated lower stacking capacity
(defined by supplier)
Procedure
1. Place the unit load as described in Figure 46. The weight has to be evenly spread out
over the solid board.
2. Place it in a warehouse environment on a solid floor or similar for 72 hours.
3. After 72 hours, evaluate the unit load against the requirements.
10
1.5 is the safety margin.
© Inter IKEA Systems B.V. 2004-2017 Appendix A Page 21 (21)
Specification Spec. no: IOS-P-0010
Date: 2017-06-21
Packaging – general requirements Version no: AA-171373-17
IKEA of Sweden AB
Assessment
• No damage to the product is allowed.
• No damage to any part of the packaging solution (unit load, multi-pack or consumer
packaging) is allowed. Minor damages to the packaging are allowed as long as the Neat &
Clean packaging requirements are fulfilled.
• No shifting of the product and packaging content in the consumer packaging is allowed.
• No effects that result in non-compliance with any other Packaging Requirement is
allowed.
Environment
Test at IKEA supplier
Equipment
• Unit loads of the same article including top filling solution (if applicable), to fill up one
stack in the transport equipment according to the defined unit load Stacking Capacity.
• High cube transportation equipment. (Preferred equipment to use is 40HC or T90L. If no
high cube transport equipment is available, the most common transport equipment shall
be used. The transport equipment shall meet all standards set by IKEA.).
Preparation
• All unit loads and top filling solutions shall be 100% compliant to IOS-P-0010.
• The test route shall be selected (as far as possible) in a way that it is possible to repeat
the test over time. The transportation test route shall be minimum 200 km of which min.
5 km is of “bumpy” nature. The test route shall include the following situations at least
four times each:
o Uphill driving, + 5%
o Downhill driving, - 5%
o Normal breaking, full speed (according to speed limit) to 0 km/h
o Emergency breaking from 50 km/h to stop (in a controlled way!)
o Acceleration, 0 km/h to full speed (according to speed limit)
o Fast turning, 90 degree left and right turns
o Slowly passing speed bump
Procedure
The test shall be done within the local traffic regulations, e.g. speed limits.
1. Load the transport equipment with test unit load, with a weight on top corresponding to
the defined unit load Stacking Capacity. The unit loads shall be loaded and secured
according to local regulations.
2. Drive according to the test route.
3. Unload the unit loads.
4. Inspect the unit loads.
Assessment
• No damage to any part of the product.
• No visible damage to any part of the packaging solution (unit load, multi-pack or
consumer packaging). Minor damages to the packaging are allowed as long as the Neat &
Clean packaging requirements are fulfilled (see section 12).
• No visible shifting of the product or packaging content in the consumer packaging. Check
that the fork entry height is within the requirement, especially the fork entry height
between the top surface of the first layer unit load and bottom surface of second layer
unit load.
Frequency
Test shall always be carried out whenever there is a change of condition (e.g. change of
packaging material supplier, failed test on material), new/changed/updated packaging solution
(e.g. material, dimension, construction), or change in process parameters (e.g. new
equipment).
Environment
Test at IKEA supplier.
Equipment
• Unit load with goods fixation and top protection
• Fork lift or tilting platform
• Pallet support with borders (prevent sliding of the unit load, ex. height 35 mm)
If the unit load is placed on a paper pallet or loading ledges at the bottom, the unit load shall be
placed on a pallet support to avoid damages on the pallet. The pallet support shall be equipped
with borders to prevent the pallet from sliding, see Figure 48.
Preparation
Calculate the minimum height (H) to reach for the length and width side when tilting the unit
load 27° with the following formula:
• H = length of the side x 0.454
Examples:
• The length of the unit load is 1200 mm. H = 1200 x 0.454 = 545 mm
• The width of the unit load is 800 mm. H = 800 x 0.454 = 363 mm
If a pallet support is used, the calculation above shall be adjusted according to the length and
width of the supporting pallet.
Procedure
Note: High and narrow unit loads that can become unbalanced and tip over are OK to support,
by hand or mechanically, in order to test if load slides or not.
Figure 49 Top protection friction test, top protection sheet placed between pallets.
The procedure for Figure 49 shall only be applicable when the top protection is not made of
corrugated cardboard.
Assessment
Test pass according to requirements in Table 27.
Frequency
Test shall always be carried out whenever there is a change of condition (e.g. change of
packaging material supplier, failed test on material), new/changed/updated packaging solution
(e.g. material, dimension, construction), or change in process parameters (e.g. new
equipment).
Test at IKEA supplier.
Equipment
• Unit load without goods fixation or other materials (i.e. in the intended shape at the IKEA
store, see Figure 51).
• Fork lift or tilting platform.
• Pallet support with borders (prevent sliding of the unit load, ex. height 35 mm).
If the unit load is placed on a paper pallet or loading ledges at the bottom, the unit load shall be
placed on a pallet support to avoid damages on the pallet. The pallet support shall be provided
with borders to prevent the pallet from sliding, see Figure 52.
Preparation
Calculate the minimum height (H) to reach for the length and width side when tilting the unit
load 10° with the following formula:
• H = length of unit load x 0.174
Examples:
• A unit load with a length of 1200 mm. H = 1200 x 0.174 = 209 mm
• A unit load with a width of 800 mm. H = 800 x 0.174 = 139 mm
If a pallet support is used, the calculation above shall be adjusted according to the length and
width of the supporting pallet.
Procedure
1. Use the fork lift to tilt the unit load in an angle of 10°, see Figure 50.
2. Repeat the test for both length and width sides.
Figure 50 Unit load in a tilted position. Figure 51 Unit load without fixation
Note: For rolled mattresses it is allowed to make a 10° test with a strap around.
Assessment
Test pass according to requirements in Table 27.
Frequency
Test shall always be carried out whenever there is a change of condition (e.g. change of
packaging material supplier, failed test on material), new/changed/updated packaging solution
(e.g. material, dimension, construction), or change in process parameters (e.g. new
equipment).
Environment
Test at IKEA supplier.
Equipment
• Unit load without fixation (i.e. in the intended shape at the IKEA store, see Figure 51).
• Standard fork lift or hand-jack, with measurement 520 mm for pallet-jack or 280 mm for
monofork.
Procedure
1. Pick up the unit load from short side and lift above the ground.
2. Move the pallet 3 meters.
3. Observe the result.
Assessment
Test pass according to requirements in Table 27. See Figure 53 for example of failed test.
Environment
The corrugated cardboard test shall be conducted in an IKEA approved laboratory.
Pictures can be attached to clarify the result or to describe any remarkable finding during the
test.
All required self-declarations shall be filed in the IKEA Connect database with reference to the
relevant section of the current version of this specification.
If the corrugated cardboard producer is nominated by IKEA, test report number is not needed. Compliant test report shall be provided to IKEA on the
next working day upon request.
IKEA Code Bending Edgewise Bursting Flat crush test Cobb 60 test water FLUTE Weight Thickness Mottling
stiffness crush test strength (FCT) (kPa) absorptiveness (g/m2) type (g/m2) (mm) (two
(Nm) (ECT) test (BST) decimals) Coefficient of
(kN/m) (kPa) variation
(COV) on
white
corrugated
board
ISO 5628 ISO 3037 ISO 2759 ISO 3035 ISO 535 ISO 3034
IKEA CB XX average average average average inside outside
IKEA CB XX
IKEA CB XX
IKEA CB XX
IKEA CB XX
This is to certify that we have read and understood IKEA specification IOS-P-0010 (AA-171373-17), and that the corrugated cardboard is in
compliance with requirements in IOS-P-0010.
If the corrugated cardboard producer is nominated by IKEA, test report number is not needed.
Compliant test report shall be provided to IKEA next working day upon request
Load bearer:
IKEA Code Compression Deflection, ΔH Cobb 60 (g/m2) Thickness (mm)
strength (kN) (mm)
IKEA LB XX Inside Outside
IKEA LB XX
IKEA LB XX
IKEA LB XX
Feet components:
Foot size Compression strength (kN) Insert side compression strength (N)
90 x 90 x 50 mm
140 x 90 x 50 mm
180 x 90 x 50 mm
This is to certify that we have read and understood IKEA specification IOS-P-0010, and that the
paper pallet is in compliance with requirements in IOS-P-0010.
To be signed by paper pallet producer (which can be the IKEA supplier if paper pallets are
produced on site).
Note: The length is always the longest measure of the Paper Pallet and the Unit Load.
The feet are only to be glued on the bottom surface, regardless of how the wings are folded.
1H 2H 3H 4H 5H
W: 480, 510, 530, W: 90 mm feet – W: 720, 730, 740, W: 480, 510, 530, W: 140mm feet –
540, 550, 580, 480, 510, 530, 750, 760, 770, 540, 550 mm 580, 590, 630 mm
590, 630, 670 mm 540, 550 mm 780, 790, 800, 180 mm feet –
140 mm feet – 810, 820, 830, 670, 690 mm
580, 590, 630 mm 870 mm
180 mm feet –
670, 690 mm
L: 90 mm feet – L: 720, 750, 790, L: 90 mm feet – L: 910, 950, 990, L: 910, 950, 990,
550 mm 830, 870 mm 720, 750, 790 mm 1030, 1070, 1110, 1030, 1070, 1110,
140 mm feet – 140 mm feet – 1120, 1130, 1140, 1120, 1130, 1140,
590, 600, 610, 830, 870 mm 1150, 1160, 1170, 1150, 1160, 1170,
620, 630 mm 1180, 1190, 1200, 1180, 1190, 1200,
180 mm feet – (all sizes have 1210, 1220, 1230, 1210, 1220, 1230,
670 mm 6 pcs of 90 mm or 1270, 1310, 1270 mm
140 mm feet on 1350 mm
short side, and (Min. 6 pcs of
3 pcs of 180 mm 180 mm feet)
feet in centre,
except for the
710 mm length
where it is 3 pcs of
140 mm)
© Inter IKEA Systems B.V. 2004-2017 Appendix C Page 4 (4)
Specification Spec. no: IOS-P-0010
Date: 2017-06-21
Packaging – general requirements Version no: AA-171373-17
IKEA of Sweden AB
AZ BZ CZ DZ
W: 720, 730, 740, 750, W: 720, 730, 740, 750, W: 910, 950, 990 mm W: 910, 950, 990 mm
760, 770, 780, 790, 760, 770, 780, 790,
800, 810, 820, 830, 800, 810, 820, 830,
870 mm 870 mm
L: 1630, 1670, 1710, L: 2110, 2150, 2190, L: 1630, 1670, 1710, L: 2010, 2030, 2070,
1750, 1790, 1830, 2230, 2270, 2310, 1750, 1790, 1830, 2110, 2150, 2190,
1870, 1910, 1950, 2350, 2390 mm 1870, 1910, 1950, 2230, 2270, 2310,
1990, 2000, 2010, 1990, 2000 mm 2350, 2390 mm
2030, 2070 mm
AX BX CX DX
W: 480, 510, 530, 540, W: 140 mm feet – 580, W: 480, 510, 530, 540, W: 480, 510, 530, 540,
550 mm 590, 630 mm 550 mm 550 mm
180 mm feet – 670, Turned 140 mm feet if Turned 140 mm feet if
690 mm needed: 580, 590, needed: 580, 590,
630 mm 630 mm
Turned 180 mm feet if Turned 180 mm feet if
needed: 670, 690 mm needed: 670, 690 mm
Otherwise as sketch is Otherwise as sketch is
showing. showing.
L: 1390, 1430, 1470, L: 1310, 1350, 1390, L: 1630, 1670, 1710, L: 2190, 2230, 2270,
1510, 1550, 1590 mm 1430, 1470, 1510, 1750, 1790, 1830, 2310, 2350, 2390 mm
1550, 1590 mm 1870, 1910, 1950,
1990, 2000, 2010,
2030, 2070, 2110,
2150 mm
Air transport is not the normal mode of transport of unit loads within IKEA, but when agreed,
the following unit load requirements are to be followed. It is the suppliers responsibility to follow
these rules together with the local rules set by the air freight company. All handling of unit loads
in air freight activities are using a standardized platforms, whereas dimensions etc. are set from
IATA (The International Air Transport Association).
• Max loading height is 1600 mm, including handling material. This requirement is set
according to aircrafts loading deck dimensions. To achieve this the top filling
requirements are applied if needed (see section 11.3.1), with the additional requirement
that the top filling part shall be fixed together with the unit load using stretch film.
• No handling material is needed for the top filling part.
• The bottom unit load shall have a handling material with 100 mm fork entry height. The
normal feet pattern is accepted, but an additional foot shall be applied
(50 mm + 50 mm = 100 mm).
• All unit loads shall have corner protection (also valid for eventual top filling and when the
unit load contain multipacks), see section 9.2.
• All unit loads shall have the “This side up” symbol: AA-223126, 150 mm on all 4 sides to
prevent tilting of the unit loads, see section 6.10.
Note: These rules shall not be applied for quantities smaller than unit loads or samples, etc.
Purpose
This standard specifies the tolerance for:
• Packaging Drawings
• Packaging Requirement
Limitation
Some constructions and dimensions 11 may result in variation that exceed the tolerances that are
stated in Table 39. These construction tolerances shall always be specified on the Packaging
Drawings or in the Packaging Requirement.
Table 39 Standard tolerances extracted from ISO 2768-1
Tolerance class Permissible deviations in mm for basic size range
Over Over Over
From Over 6 Over Over
Over 3 400 up 1000 2000
Designation Description 0,5* up up to 30 up 120 up
up to 6 to up to up to
to 3 30 to 120 to 400
1000 2000 4000
F Fine ± 0,05 ± 0,05 ± 0,1 ± 0,15 ± 0,2 ± 0,3 ± 0,5 --
M Medium ± 0,1 ± 0,1 ± 0,2 ± 0,3 ± 0,5 ± 0,8 ± 1,2 ±2
C Coarse ± 0,2 ± 0,3 ± 0,5 ± 0,8 ± 1,2 ±2 ±3 ±4
V Very
-- ± 0,5 ±1 ± 1,5 ± 2,5 ±4 ±6 ±8
coarse
*For minimal size below 0,5 mm, the deviation shall be indicated adjacent to the relevant nominal size/s
When inside dimensions are given, + tolerances are allowed. When outside dimensions are
given, only – tolerances are allowed.
Unless otherwise stated, packaging parts exceeding the general tolerances shall not lead to
automatic rejection provided that the function of the packaging parts is not impaired. The
tolerance the function allows is often greater than the general tolerance. The function of the part
is therefore not always impaired when the general tolerance is (occasionally) exceeded at any
feature of the packaging parts. Exceeding the general tolerance shall lead to a rejection of the
packaging parts only if the function is impaired.
11
All dimensions are in mm.
© Inter IKEA Systems B.V. 2004-2017 Appendix E Page 1 (1)
Specification Spec. no: IOS-P-0010
Date: 2017-06-21
Packaging – general requirements Version no: AA-171373-17
IKEA of Sweden AB
Filler
• Very coarse is to be used if designations are not specified on the Packaging Drawings or
in the Packaging Requirement.
• Fillers drawing/measurements shall always specify the outside dimensions.
• Dimensions are given in the sequence of length, width and height (L x W x H).
• When the filler dimensions are given, length is the largest of the three dimensions, width
is the second largest of the three dimensions, and height is the shortest of the three
dimensions.
Figure 55 Filler
Sheet/divider
• Very coarse is to be used if designations are not specified on the Packaging Drawings or
in the Packaging Requirement.
• Sheet drawing/measurements shall always specify the outside dimensions.
• When the sheet dimensions are given, length is the larger of the two dimensions and
width is the shorter of the two dimensions.
Figure 56 Sheet/divider
Any IKEA supplier situated in critical countries procuring corrugated packaging, paper pallets or
load bearers from local packaging suppliers (which are not IKEA nominated packaging suppliers)
shall procure with one of the following claims from FSC CoC Standard, which shall be on the
invoice to the IKEA supplier:
• FSC 100%
• FSC mix credit
• FSC mix percentage 100%
• FSC recycled (any claim)
• Until date stamp 1935 (year 2019 week 35) FSC mix percentage with an FSC share of at
least 70% will also be accepted as 100% more sustainable sources for corrugated
packaging and paper pallets or load bearers (with a claim on invoice to IKEA supplier).
The following countries have 8 months grace period to implement the requirement. The
requirement shall be implemented latest by date stamp 1835 (year 2018 week 35).
• Bangladesh
• Brazil
• Malaysia
• Mexico
• Pakistan
• Turkey