Shela S.

Ambas February 2, 2019

BSBA – NATSCI 1 Mr. Jho Jurado

Plants Organ System and their Function

Shela S. Ambas February 2, 2019

BSBA – NATSCI 1 Mr. Jho Jurado

1. Sexual Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Flowering plants

Flowering plants are the dominant plant form on land and they reproduce by sexual and asexual
means. Often their most distinguishing feature is their reproductive organs, commonly called
flowers. Sexual reproduction in flowering plants involves the production of male and female
gametes, the transfer of the male gametes to the female ovules in a process called pollination.
After pollination occurs, fertilization happens and the ovules grow into seeds within a fruit. After
the seeds are ready for dispersal, the fruit ripens and by various means the seeds are freed from
the fruit and after varying amounts of time and under specific conditions the seeds germinate and
grow into the next generation.

The anther produces male gametophytes which are pollen grains, which attach to the stigma on
top of a carpel, in which the female gametophytes (inside ovules) are located. After the pollen
tube grows through the carpel's style, the sperm from the pollen grain migrate into the ovule to
fertilize the egg cell and central cell within the female gametophyte in a process termed double
fertilization. The resulting zygote develops into an embryo, while the triploid endosperm (one
sperm cell plus a binucleate female cell) and female tissues of the ovule give rise to the
surrounding tissues in the developing seed. The ovary, which produced the female
gametophyte(s), then grows into a fruit, which surrounds the seed(s). Plants may either self-
pollinate or cross-pollinate.
 2. Animal Organ System

A. Integumentary

Main components of the

mammal skin. 1: epidermis, 2: papillary dermis, 3: reticular dermis, 4: hypodermis, 5:
eccrine sweat gland, 6: adipose cells, 7: hair follicle, 8: sebaceous gland, 9: apocrine
sweat gland, 10: Pacini corpuscule, 11: erector muscle, 12: blood vessels, 13: sensory
nerve ending, 14: dermal papillae, 15: epidermal ridges, 16: thin skin.

The integumentary system is an organ system that forms the protective covering of an animal
and comprises the skin (including glands and their products), hair coat or feathers, scales, nails,
hooves and horns.

The integumentary system has a variety of functions; in animals, it serves to waterproof, cushion
and protect the deeper tissues, excrete waste, regulate temperature and is the location of sensory
receptors for pain, pressure and temperature. Generally mammalian skin is covered with hair and
is termed hirsute skin. Where hair is absent, it is termed glabrous skin.

The integumentary system is often the largest organ system. It distinguishes, separates, protects
and informs the animal with regard to its surroundings. Small-bodied invertebrates of aquatic or
continually moist habitats also respire using the outer layer (integument). This gas exchange
system, where gases simply diffuse into and out of the interstitial fluid, is called integumentary
exchange. The skin is an organ that shows complex adaptations many of which are species
specific - fish, birds, reptiles and amphibians have modifications of the integument that are
tailored to meet the survival needs of each species. Specific lifestyles such as those including
hibernation require additional modifications to support the skin such as the physiologically
adapted brown adipose tissue which generates body heat from specialized subcutaneous fat cells.

B. Muscular

Muscular System allows movement and locomotion. The muscular system produces body
movements, body heat, maintains posture, and supports the body. Muscle fibers are the main cell
type. Action of this system is closely tied to that of the skeletal system