FORMATION EVALUATION

PETROPHYSICS

LOG ANALYSIS

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TAVIP SETIAWAN (tsetiawan@pertamina.com)

PT PERTAMINA (Persero)
UPSTREAM TECHNOLOGY CENTER

GD. KWARNAS LT-13

JL. MERDEKA TIMUR 6
JAKARTA

021 – 350 2131 ext. 1815

0811 117 234

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 Tentative Schedule
Topics
1. Introduction
2. Basic Petrophysics & Logging History
3. Wireline Logging
4. Log Analysis
5. Basic Core Analysis
6. Clastic Formation Evaluation
7. Carbonate Formation Evaluation
8. Advance Well Logging and Correlation

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 Challenges

• Redefine our view of ourselves

– Business man or woman with technical expertise
• Focus upon the business problem to solve
– Apply technical expertise to solve business
problems

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FORMATION EVALUATION

PETROPHYSICS

LOG ANALYSIS

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 Formation
– Geology: The fundamental unit of lithostratigraphy . A body of rock
that is sufficiently distinctive and continuous that it can be mapped. In
stratigraphy, a formation is a body of strata of predominantly one type
or combination of types; multiple formations form groups, and
subdivisions of formations are members.

– Petrophysics: A general term for the rock around the borehole. In the
context of formation evaluation, the term refers to the volume of rock
seen by a measurement made in the borehole, as in a log or a well
test. These measurements indicate the physical properties of this
volume.

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 Formation Evaluation
• Essentially, it is the process of recognizing a commercial
well when you drill one (wikipedia)
• Formation evaluation is used in the exploration,
production, and development phases of the value chain
to determine whether a potential oil and/or gas field is
commercially viable (Paradigm)
• Determination of basic properties and relationships of
petrophysical parameters, the integration of geological
data, well log data, routine or special core analysis
results and well test data to characterize the mineralogy,
rock properties, fluid distribution and production
capabilities of reservoirs.

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 “Petrophysics is the
synergistic process of integrating
multiple disciplines to characterize
rock, pore and fluid systems”

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 PETROPHYSICS

• Study of rock properties and their interaction

with fluids
• SCOPE
– Porosity
– Permeability
– Formation resistivity
– Water Saturation
– Capillary pressure
– Wettability

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 Petrophysicist
• Petrophysicists in the oil and gas industry typically
are employed in helping the engineers and other
geoscientists understand the rock properties of the
reservoir.
• Petrophysicists evaluate the reservoir rock properties
by employing well log measurements, core
measurements, and sometimes well tests and
seismic measurements, and combining them with
geology and geophysics.

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 Formation evaluation specialists
need to understand :

• Fundamental measurement theory of the various devices

• Log quality control

• Basic log interpretation principles

• Geophysics and petroleum geology

• Fundamental principles of petroleum reservoirs

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 COMPLETE
OR
ABANDON

?
Basic question answered by Formation Evaluation

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 Evaluasi Formasi
Proses analisis karakteristik / sifat batuan di bawah
permukaan dengan menggunakan data sumur

Tujuan :

 Identifikasi Reservoir
 Litologi
 Ketebalan PERKIRAAN
 Porositas
 Permeabilitas
CADANGAN
DAN
 Identifikasi Fluida PRODUKSI
 Minyak
 Gas
 air

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Perkiraan Cadangan
Persamaan dasar :

N = Ø (1 – Sw) . h. A

N = Volume awal HC
Ø = Porositas Reservoir
Sw = Saturasi air
h = ketebalan reservoir (feet)
A = Luas Area (Acre)

Parameter yang didapat dari perhitungan Petrofisika :

Ø, Sw dan h.

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 Well Data

• Core (conventional & SWC)

• Cutting
• Mud Log
• Wireline Log
• DST / UKL

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 Apakah Log itu?

Log adalah suatu grafik kedalaman / waktu dari satu set data
yang diukur secara berkesinambungan di dalam sumur/lubang bor

Mud Log / Master Log : Wireline Log :

• ROP • Gamma Ray

• WOB • Resistivity
• RPM • Bulk Density
• Mud weight • Neutron Porosity
• Mud Temp. • Sonic
• deskripsi cutting • Spontaneous Potential
• Gas chromatograph • Caliper

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Interpretasi Log memberi informasi :

• Litologi
• Ketebalan reservoir
• Porositas
• Permeabilitas
• Saturasi Air
• Jenis fluida
• Fluid contacts
• Ukuran lubang sumur
• dll

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Petrophysical Workflow

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Petrophysical Workflow

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Elements of data scale

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Scales of Reservoir Heterogeneity
(Fluvial Reservoir)

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Heterogeneity as a function of scale

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 Reservoir

• Explorationist: “ a porous and permeable rock

regardless of the fluid it contains”.

• Engineers : “rock that contains hydrocarbon and

associated fluids”

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 Reservoir Quality

• The capacity of a reservoir to store and

transmit oil and gas, and is determined by
– Pore throat size distribution and pore geometry (including
naural fractures)
– Pore volume
– Permeabilities to hydrocarbon
– Water saturation (hydrocarbon pore volume)
– Lateral continuity
– Reservoir pressure and drive mechanism

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Integrated Petrophysics

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After analysis comes answer, after answer
comes interpretation, followed hopefully by
understanding

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End Introduction

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