REGIONAL REFERRAL HOSPITALS PERFORMANCE DI INDONESIA

DITINJAU DARI STRUCTURAL CAPITAL DAN ENTREPRENEURIAL

ORIENTATION

Penta Sukmawati
PhD Candidate, Science Management Padjadjaran University Bandung, Indonesia
Program Planner and Budget Analysis Directorate Health Services Referral
Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia
Email: pentasukma@gmail.com

Erni Tisnawati Sule

Lecturer of Padjadjaran University
Yunizar
Lecturer of Padjadjaran University
Imas Soemaryani
Lecturer of Padjadjaran University

ABSTRACT

In line with the Mission of the Ministry of health of Indonesia which is "Manifest the human
quality of life high, Indonesia advanced and prosperous" (Moeloek, 2016:1). The Ministry of
health also has an important role in order to achieve the 9 (nine) national priority agenda, known
as the NAWACITA, especially the fifth agenda, namely to improve the quality of human life
Indonesia. Regulation of the Ministry of health no: HK. 02/MENKES/391/2014, that standard
class to Reference Regional Hospital is located in class B, while for the Hospital District or city
class C and D. In this research design used was the design of the eksplanatori by using the Mixed
Method Research. This research focuses on the field of the management of human resources
(HR) and specifically examines the factors of structural capital,its effects on the entrepreneurial
orientation, as well as its implications on product performance of hospitals. The object of the
research be free variables in this study is structural capital,variables are bound is the
entrepreneurial orientation and performance of hospitals in Indonesia. Sructural capital that was
capable of creating the company's performance. The results support the mediating role of
intellectual capital and the moderating roles of entrepreneurial orientation and social capital on
innovation. The relationships were also higher to entrepreneurial tasks compared with low task-
relatedness, for young compared to old businesses, and for success measured as size compared to
growth and profitabilit. The result meant that the intellectual capital (structural capital, human
capital) coupled with the orientation of entrepreneurship and innovation at the company in
General. Structural Capital effect significantly to Hospital Performance product. Support of
internal company required like structural capital, intangible assets that have a relationship with
performance, where when the asset goes well then the performance of the company is also well
developed, it can be developed in the field of health services especially health services referral
regional hospital.
Keywords: Structural Capital, Entrepreneurial Orientation,Performance
Introduction and research problem
In line with the Mission of the Ministry of health of Indonesia which is "Manifest the human
quality of life high, Indonesia advanced and prosperous" (Moeloek, 2016:1). The Ministry of
health also has an important role in order to achieve the 9 (nine) national priority agenda, known
as the NAWACITA, especially the fifth agenda, namely to improve the quality of human life
Indonesia. Regulation of the Ministry of health no: HK. 02/MENKES/391/2014, that standard
class to Reference Regional Hospital is located in class B, while for the Hospital District or city
class C and D. Completeness of facilities of hospitals in Indonesia are still inferior to other
countries such as Malaysia and Singapore (Vanany & Shaharoun, 2009:82). Adisasmito (2008:8)
in his research says that each year reported an increase in the number of residents in Indonesia
that medical treatment abroad (Malaysia and Singapore).

The performance of Regional Hospital in Indonesia has not been reached optimally. Allegedly
the situation can also be due to structural capital and human capital, but because of the
entrepreneurial orientation of the leaders of the Hospital. One measure in entrepreneurship
orientation is independence. Independence from the leadership of Regional Referral Hospital in
Indonesia, in this case has been running well. This can be judged by the ability to realize the
operational funds submitted by the Ministry of Health through the set ceiling.

The study of the phenomenon indirectly explains that the entrepreneurial orientation run by the
hospital's director, the Director, has gone well. Given the realization of the use of funds in most
Referral Hospitals, however, it appears that the entrepreneurial orientation is not able to better
suppress the performance of the Hospital, which in accordance with the phenomenon of previous
problems, that the performance of the hospital has not been achieved optimally.

Methods
In this research design used was the design of the eksplanatori by using the Mixed Method
Research. This research focuses on the field of the management of human resources (HR) and
specifically examines the factors of structural capital,its effects on the entrepreneurial
orientation, as well as its implications on product performance of hospitals. The object of the
research be free variables in this study is structural capital,variables are bound is the
entrepreneurial orientation and performance of hospitals in Indonesia. Reviewing it then
determined the research methods being used to review the study.

Results and findings

Sructural capital that was capable of creating the company's performance. The results support the
mediating role of intellectual capital and the moderating roles of entrepreneurial orientation and
social capital on innovation. The relationships were also higher to entrepreneurial tasks
compared with low task-relatedness, for young compared to old businesses, and for success
measured as size compared to growth and profitability.

Structural capital consists of organizational routines, procedures, systems, cultures and

databases. Some of the structural capital are legally protected and become intellectual property
rights, legally owned by the company. One part of structural capital is to build systems such as
databases that enable people to connect and learn from one another so as to foster synergies
because of the ease of sharing knowledge and working together between individuals within the
organization. In addition to the database, included in structural capital is all things other than
humans derived from the knowledge that is within an organization including organizational
structure, process guides, strategies, routines, software, hardware and all things that value to the
company is higher than the value of the material.

The entrepreneurial orientation is related to the entrepreneurial process, while entrepreneurial

orientation is the result of changing stereotypes of old business practices and building something
new, innovative, patterned on the courage to bear the risk of economic behavior (Chen & Lin,
2012: 73). In the entrepreneurial orientation translated into business performance (Limakrisna et
al., 2015: 144), and entrepreneurial orientation refers to processes, practices, and decision-
making activities that lead to new activities and have five core dimensions of innovation,
autonomy, risk-taking, Proactive, and competitive aggressiveness (Wiklund & Shepherd, 2005:
71).
Conclusions, implications and significance
The result meant that the intellectual capital (structural capital, human capital) coupled with the
orientation of entrepreneurship and innovation at the company in General. Structural Capital
effect significantly to Hospital Performance product. Support of internal company required like
structural capital, intangible assets that have a relationship with performance, where when the
asset goes well then the performance of the company is also well developed, it can be developed
in the field of health services especially health services referral regional hospital.

Structural Capital significantly influence the implementation of the Orientation of

Entrepreneurship, either simultaneously or partially. Implementation of Entrepreneurship
Orientation has an effect on the achievement of Hospital Performance significantly . Structural
Capital significantly influence on Hospital Performance on Regional Referral Hospital in
Indonesia.

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