MECHANICS OF SOLIDS (2) TWO MARK

1)define column?

A vertical member of a structure which is subjected to axial compressive load

and is fixed at both of its ends is known as column.

2)struct?

A struct is a member of a structure which is not vertical (or) Both ends of are
hinged.

3)End condition for loaded column?

1)Both ends are fixed.

2)Both ends are hinged.

3)One end is fixed and other end is free.

4)One end is fixed and other end is pin jointed.

4)Application of eulers theory?

1)It is assumed only buckling has any effect in developing this theory.then
struct is asssumed a slender.

2)If p is exceeds sigma c A then struct will break in crushing.

5)Buckling load?

Minimum limiting load at which column tends to have a lateral displacement

to buckle is called buckling load.

6)Short column?

Column which have less than 8 times (or) slenderness ratio is less than 32
times is called short column.
7)limitation of eulers theory?

1)It is applicable only an ideal struct only and in practical there is always
crookedness in the column and load applied may not be exactly coaxial.

2)It takes no account of direct stress.It means it may give a buckling load for
struct excess of load which can be withstand under direct compressive stress.

L/K>80

8)Equivalent length?

The distance between point of inflection is called equivalent length or effective

length. The point of inflection at every column that is free to rotate and every
point changes of its axis

9) Formula for both ends fixed condition for buckling load?

4π^2EI/l^2

10)Slenderness ratio of column?

It is defined as ratio of unsupported length of column to the minimum radius

of gyration of the cross sectional area of the column is called slenderness ratio.

λ=L/R

11)Effective length of column for one end fixed and other end hinged?

Le=l/sq2

12)effective length for both ends fixed?

Le=l/2

13)one end is fixed and other end is free?

Le=2L

14)Both ends are fixed?

 Le=L

15)Short column will fail by crushing and long column fail by buckling.

16)maximum prinicipal strees theory?

σ >σelastic

according to this thoery the failure of a material will occur when the maximum
prinicipal tensile stress in the complex system reaches the value of maximum
stress at the elastic limit in the simple tension.

17)Crippling load by rankins formula?

For short column

Short column is approximately equal to the crushing load.

For long column

Long column is approximately equal to the crippling load.

18)Maximum prinicipal stress theory?

For tensile σ 1=σ t

For compression σ 2=σ c

19)Failure of materials?

1)Maximum prinicipal stress theory should be used in case of brittle

materials.

2)maximum shear strain energy theory should be used in case of ductile

materials.

20)Maximum strain theory?

According to this theory the failure will occur in a materials when the
maximum principal strain reaches the strain due to yield stress in simple tension.
22)theory of failure is best suited for ductile materials?

Maximum shear strain energy.

23)conjugate beam?

Congugate beam is a imaginary beam of length is equal to original

beam.But for which load diagram is (m/Ei)diagram.

24)conjugate beam theorem 1?

Slope at any section of the given beam is equal to the shear force of
the correspondind section of conjugate beam.

25)conjugate beam theorem 2

Deflection of the given beam is equal to the bending moment of the

corresponding section of conjugate beam.

26)Methods of maximum deflection?

1)double integration method 2)conjugate beam method

3)unit load method 4)castingalons theorem. 5)moment area method

6)mecaulays method.

27)Condition for mecaulays method?

Deflection of simply supported beam with eccentric poin load.

28)Strain energy?

Energy stored in the body due to straining effect is known as strain energy.

29)modulus of resilience?
 Proof resilience of a materials per unit volume is called is called modulus of
resilience.

Modulus of resilience= proof resilience / volume of the

material.

30)Proof resilience?

Maximum strain energy stored in a body is called proof resilience.

31) resilience?

Total strain energy stored in a body is known as resilience.

32)maximum deflection for simply supported beam?

5/384 wl^4/EI

33)List out some working priniciple of elastic materials?

1)Super position. 2)castingalons theorem.

34)unit load method is based on which law?

Law of conservation of energy.

35)Momential ellipse mean?

Ellipse having rafdius of gyration kxx&kyy of its semi major &semi minor
axes.

36)Intrados&Extrados?

radius of gyration of the inner surface & outer surface.

37)Shear centre?

Shear centre for any traverse section of the beam is the point of intersection
of the bending axis and the plane of the transverse section. Shear centre is also
called as center of twist.
38)what is the two reason for unsymmetrical bending?

1)The section is symmetrical but the load line is inclined to both the
prinicipal axis.

2)The section itself is unsymmetrical and the load line is along any
centroidal axes.

39) Write the formula to calculate the strain energy due to axial loads (

tension)?

U = ∫ P ² dx limit 0 to L

2AE

40) Write the formula to calculate the strain energy due to bending?

U = ∫ M ² dx limit 0 to L

2EI

42)Write the formula to calculate the strain energy due to torsion?

43) What are uses of Castigliano’s first theorem?

1. To determine the deflection of complicated

structure.

2. To determine the deflection of curved beams

springs.

44) Define: Unit load method.

The external load is removed and the unit load is applied at the point, where

the deflection or rotation is to found.

45)Give the procedure for unit load method?

1. Find the forces P1, P2, ……. in all the members due to external loads.

2. Remove the external loads and apply the unit vertical point load at

the joint if the vertical deflection is required and find the stress.

3. Apply the equation for vertical and horizontal deflection.

46). Compare the unit load method and Castigliano’s first theorem?

In the unit load method, one has to analyze the frame twice to find the load

and deflection. While in the latter method, only one analysis is needed.

47)Deflection?

Deflection is the degree to which a structural to displaced

under to load it may refer angle or distance

48)Under symmetrical bending the resultant deflection of beam is

zero.

49)continous beam?
 Continous beam is one which is supported on more than two supports.

50)Strain enrgy density?

Energy stored in a body per unit volume is strain energy density.

51)Advantage of continous beam?

1)maximum bending moment is less than of same supported beam of

same span carrying same loads.

2)In continous beam average bending moment is lesser than lighter

materials of construction can be use to resist the bending moment.

52)Prinicipal moment of inertia?

The perpendicular axis about which the product of inertia is zero

are calle dprinicipal axis and the moment inertia with respect to these axes

are called as prinicipal moment of inertia.

53)strain energy theory?

This theory state that failure of a materials occurs whenthe total strain

energy in the materials reaches the total strain energy of the materials at the

elastic limit in simple tension. EFFORTS BY

S.KABILAN.