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visual angle the angle that an object or detail subtends at the point of
observation. It usually is measured in minutes of arc.
visual field the locus of objects or points in space that can be perceived when
the head and eyes are kept fixed. Separate monocular fields for the two eyes can
be specified or the combination of the two. See binocular portion of the visual
field, central visual field, monocular visual field, and peripheral visual
field.
Note Visual perception involves any one or more of the following recognizing the
presence of something (object, aperture, or medium); identifying it; locating it in
space; noting its relation to other things; and identifying its movement, color,
brightness, or form.
Nota La percepción visual involucra uno o más de los siguientes reconociendo
la presencia de algo
(objeto, abertura, o medio); identificandolo ubicándolo en el espacio; notando su
relación con otras cosas; y identificando su movimiento, color, brillo o forma.
Note The two surfaces usually are viewed simultaneously side by side. This is
satisfactory when the color difference between the test source and comparison
source is small. However, when there is a color difference, a flicker photometer
provides more precise measurements. In this type of photometer the two
surfaces are viewed alternately at such a rate that the color sensations either
nearly or completely blend, and the flicker due to brightness difference is
balanced by adjusting the comparison source.
visual range (of a light or object) the maximum distance at which that particular
light (or object) can be seen and identified.
rango visual (de una luz u objeto) la distancia máxima a la cual se puede ver e
identificar esa luz particular (u objeto).
visual surround includes all portions of the visual field except the visual display
used in performing a task.
el entorno visual incluye todas las partes del campo visual, excepto la pantalla
visual utilizada para realizar una tarea.
visual task conventionally designates those details and objects that must be
seen for the performance of a given activity, and includes the immediate
background of the details or objects.
la tarea visual designa convencionalmente aquellos detalles y objetos que
deben verse para el desempeño de una actividad dada, e incluye el fondo
inmediato de los detalles u objetos.
Note The term visual task as used is a misnomer because it refers to the visual
display itself and not the task of extracting information from it. The task of
extracting information also has to be differentiated from the overall task
performed by the observer.
Nota El término tarea visual, tal como se usa, es un nombre inapropiado, ya que
se refiere a la visualización en sí y no a la tarea de extraer información de ella.
La tarea de extraer información también debe diferenciarse de la tarea general
realizada por el observador.
visual task evaluator (VTE) a form of visibility meter that measures the level of
contrast of a given visual display above the threshold of visibility. The ratio of the
contrast of a display to its threshold contrast represents its level of visibility. Used
to evaluate the visibility level (VL).
volt† the difference in electrical potential between two points in a circuit. It is also
called the electromotive force. The symbol often used in equations is "E" (from
the latter term), although "V" is also acceptable.
watt† the unit of power (rate of doing work). In electrical calculations, one watt is
the power produced by a current of one ampere across a potential difference of
one volt. The symbol often used in equations is "P," although "W" is also
acceptable.
vatio † la unidad de potencia (tasa de trabajo). En los cálculos eléctricos, un
vatio es la potencia producida por una corriente de un amperio a través de una
diferencia de potencial de un voltio. El símbolo que se usa a menudo en las
ecuaciones es "P", aunque "W" también es aceptable.
wide-angle diffusion that in which flux is scattered at angles far from the
direction that it would take by regular reflection or transmission. See narrow-angle
diffusion.
wide-angle luminaire a luminaire that concentrates the light within the cone of a
comparatively large solid angle. See narrow-angle luminaire.
luminaria de gran angular: una luminaria que concentra la luz dentro del cono
de un ángulo sólido relativamente grande. Ver luminaria de ángulo estrecho.
width line (roadway lighting) the radial line (the one that makes the larger angle
with the reference line) that passes through the point of one-half maximum
intensity on the lateral intensity distribution curve plotted on the surface of the
cone of maximum intensity.
línea de ancho (iluminación de la calzada) la línea radial (la que forma el ángulo
mayor con la línea de referencia) que pasa por el punto de intensidad máxima
media en la curva de distribución de intensidad lateral trazada en la superficie
del cono de intensidad máxima.
which show how the maximum spectral radiance Lm and the wavelength λm at
which it occurs are related to the absolute temperature T. See Wien radiation law.
wing clearance lights a pair of aircraft lights provided at the wing tips to indicate
the extent of the wing span when the navigation lights are located an appreciable
distance inboard of the wing tips.
las luces de despeje del ala incluyen un par de luces de aeronave provistas en
las puntas de las alas para indicar la extensión de la envergadura cuando las
luces de navegación están ubicadas a una distancia apreciable hacia el interior
de las puntas de las alas.
workplane the plane on which a visual task is usually done, and on which the
illuminance is specified and measured. Unless otherwise indicated, this is
assumed to be a horizontal plane 0.76 m (30 in.) above the floor.
zonal constant a factor by which the mean intensity emitted by a source of light
in a given angular zone is multiplied to obtain the lumens in the zone. See Chapter
2, Measurement of Light and Other Radiant Energy.
constante zonal un factor por el cual la intensidad media emitida por una fuente
de luz en una zona angular dada se multiplica para obtener los lúmenes en la
zona. Ver el Capítulo 2, Medición de la luz y otra energía radiante.
zonal multipliers multipliers for the flux in each 10-degree conical zone from 0°
(nadir) to 90°(horizontal) from a luminaire, expressing the fraction of that zonal
flux that is directly incident on the floor of a room cavity. These multipliers are a
function of the room cavity ratio and are used to determine the direct ratio.