Module 04.

(B1) Electronic Fundamentals

1.1(A) Semiconductors - Diodes.

1. What gives the colour of an LED?. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 121.

(A) The active element.

(B) The plastic it is encased in.
(C) The type of gas used inside it

2. A germanium diode is used for. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition

(A) rectification.
(B) voltage stabilization.
(C) modulation.

3. Why is a diode put in parallel with an LED?.

(A) To protect it from A(C)
(B) So it will work only above a certain voltage.
(C) So it will work only below a certain voltage.

4. When testing the forward bias of a diode with a multimeter. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th
Edition Eismin Page 113.

(A) the positive lead of the ohmmeter is placed on the anode.

(B) it does not matter which terminal the positive lead of the ohmeter is placed.
(C) the positive lead of the ohmmeter is placed on the cathode.

5. Which of the following describes the characteristics of a Thyristor?.

(A) High voltage handling.
(B) High power handling.
(C) High current handling.

6. Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs).

(A) emit light of only one wavelength dependent on type.
(B) have very wide viewing angles.
(C) are easily damaged if forward biased b more than 5V.

7. In a semiconductor junction diode, electrons are the minority carriers.

(A) within the P region.
(B) within the N region.
(C) in both the N and P regions.

8. A silicon diode, when compared to a germanium diode has. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin
Page 111.

(A) a higher forward bias voltage.

(B) the same forward bias voltage.
(C) less forward bias voltage.

9. This symbol is.

(A) a transistor.
(B) a diode.
(C) a tria(C)

10. This symbol is.

(A) a photodiode. (B) a laser diode. (C) an LED.

11. A zener diode. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 385.
(A) allows current to flow in one direction.
(B) stabilizes voltage at a predetermined level.
(C) acts like a switch.

12. A junction diode.

(A) is similar to a vacuum diode but cannot rectify.
(B) has one p-n junction.
(C) can handle only very small currents.

13. Reverse bias.

(A) raises the potential barrier.
(B) lowers the potential barrier.
(C) greatly increases the majority carrier current.

14. A diode connected across a relay coil is used to. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page
121
(A) dissipate coil spikes on switch off.
(B) allow the coil to energize with only one polarity.
(C) cause a delay in switching on.

15. To check the forward resistance of a diode with a multimeter, the lead connected to the positive terminal is put
to the.
(A) anode.
(B) cathode.
(C) either anode or cathode.

16. A thyristor has which of the following?.

(A) A positive temperature coefficient.
(B) High resistance when switched off.
(C) High resistance when switched on.

17. What does the circuit shown do?.

(A) Full wave rectifier.
(B) Half wave rectifier.
(C) Voltage doubler.

18. In an LED, what is used to make the colour?.

(A) The plastic lens cover.
(B) The electrons.
(C) The doping material.

19. An atom with 5 electrons in its outer shell is part of. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page
110
(A) a C type material.
(B) a P type material.
(C) an N type material.

20. A thyristor is commonly used for.

(A) overvolts regulation.
(B) voltage regulation.
(C) rectification.

21. A diode which emits photons when conducting is (A)

(A) light emitting.
(B) varactor.
(C) zener.

22. The electrodes of an SCR are. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page
120.
(A) gate, cathode, anode.
(B) source, drain, gate.
(C) anode, cathode, source.

23. What gives an LED its colour?.

(A) A gas.
(B) The cover.
(C) Composition and impurity of the compound.

24. A thyristor is a device which has.

A. a positive temperature coefficient.
B. a negative temperature coefficient.
C. a temperature coefficient of zero.

25. Forward voltage of a silicon diode is. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 111 or
113
(A) 1.6V.
(B) 0.6V.
(C) 0.2V.

26. What is the typical volts drop across an LED. . Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 121.
(A) 0.2V.
(B) 0.4V.
(C) 1.6V.

27. What diode gives off light photons when forward biased.
(A) LED.
(B) Gunn diode.
(C) Schottky diode.

28. The anode of a diode is connected to a +4V DC supply and the cathode is connected to a +2V DC supply. The
diode is.
(A) forward biased not conducting.
(B) reverse biased not conducting.
(C) forward biased conducting.

29. Using electron flow in a diode the current flows from. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin
Page 111
(A) Anode to Cathode.
(B) Cathode to Base.
(C) Cathode to Anode.

30. When a hole diffuses from the p region to the n region.

(A) raises the potential barrier.
(B) it becomes a minority carrier in the n region.
(C) lowers the potential barrier.

31. A junction diode. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 111.
(A) can handle only small currents.
(B) is similar to a vacuum diode but cannot rectify.
(C) has one p-n junction.

32. A germanium diode. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 111
(A) has a lower forward bias voltage than a silicon diode.
(B) has a higher forward bias voltage than a silicon diode.
(C) has the same forward bias voltage as a silicon diode.

33. What switches off a thyristor?. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 120
(A) Reverse bias gate.
(B) Remove the gate voltage.
(C) Remove supply voltage.

34. When an SCR is switched on it has. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 120
(A) low resistance.
(B) no change in resistance.
(C) high resistance.

35. What type of pulse is required to switch on an SCR?.

(A) Positive.
(B) Negative.
(C) Positive or negative.

36. A piece of pure Germanium. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page
110.
(A) is electrically stable.
(B) has a deficit of electrons.
(C) has an excess of electrons.

37. When a diode is forward biased, current flow is mainly due to the.
(A) germanium bias junction.
(B) majority carriers.

38. When a diode is forward biased the. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page
117.
(A) positive lead is connected to both N and P type.
(B) positive lead is connected to the N type and negative to the P type.
(C) positive lead is connected to the P type and negative to the N type.

39. The typical voltage drop across an L.E.D is.

(A) 2V.
(B) 4V.
(C) 6V.

40. What are the majority carriers for a forward biased PN junction device?.
(A) Electrons and holes.
(B) Holes.
(C) Electrons.

41. Germanium in its pure state is. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page
110
(A) negatively charged.
(B) neutral.
(C) positively charged.

42. Which diode has a lower forward bias voltage?. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin
Page 111.
(A) Silicon.
(B) Germanium.
(C) Both have the same forward bias voltage.

43. A Zener diode is used for. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page
120.
(A) voltage stabilisation.
(B) rectification.
(C) voltage regulation.

44. A thyristor SCR is (A) http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electronic/dia(C)html#c4

(A) bi-directional device.
(B) unidirectional device.
(C) multidirectional device.

45. What component is used to turn AC to DC?. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 113.
(A) Thyristor.
(B) Diode.
(C) Transistor.

46. What is an intrinsic material?.

(A) One with added elements.
(B) One with removed elements.
(C) A pure material.

47. The voltage drop of a silicon diode is. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 111.
(A) 1 V.
(B) 0.7 V.
(C) 0.3 V.
48. A diode is parallel to an LED in an AC circuit to.
(A) provide correct amount of current for LED when circuit is switched on.
(B) prevent back EMF in the circuit when LED is switched off.
(C) protect LED from AC current when switched on.

49. In a forward biased diode, current is carried by.

(A) majority carriers.
(B) both.
(C) minority carriers.

50. When checking a diode for reverse bias resistance the positive lead goes to. (A) anode and negative lead to
earth.
(B) cathode and negative lead to anode.
(C) anode and negative lead to cathode.

51. Zener diodes are used for.

(A) Current control.
(B) Voltage control.
(C) Temperature control.

52. Once started conducting an SCR switches off.

(A) only when the anode goes negative to the cathode.
(B) automatically after a specific time.
(C) only when the anode goes positive to the cathode.

53. In a forward biased diode, electrons leave the.

(A) the anode.
(B) the cathode.
(C) the doped are(A)

54. Diodes are.

(A) conductors.
(B) semi-conductors.
(C) Insulators.

55. To function, i.e. conduct, a junction diode made of silicon requires a forward bias of at least.
(A) 0.2V.
(B) 1.41V.
(C) 0.7V.

1.1(B) Semiconductors - Diodes.

56. Tunnel diodes have the following characteristics. . http://en.wikipedi(A)org/wiki/Tunnel_diode
(A) Heavily doped P-N junction with an extremely narrow depletion region.
(B) Lightly doped P and N regions and a high reverse breakdown voltage.
(C) Lightly doped P region, heavily doped N region and has a fast response time.

57. The capacitance of a varactor diode is. http://en.wikipedi(A)org/wiki/Varactor_diode

(A) inversely proportional with reverse bias voltage.

(B) a linear function of applied reverse bias voltage.
(C) directly related to the forward bias voltage.
58. A semiconductor doped with an element having a valency of 5 will produce. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics
5th Edition Eismin Page 110.
(A) an N type material.
(B) either an N type or a P type depending on what type of semiconductor material is used.
(C) a P type material.

59. Avalanche breakdown occurs when. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 120.
(A) reverse bias exceeds a certain value.
(B) forward bias exceeds a certain value.
(C) forward current becomes excessive.

60. What type of diode when forward biased holes and electrons recombine producing photons?.
(A) LED.
(B) Photodiode.
(C) Gunn.

61. A zener diode is designed to operate. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 120.
(A) below its breakdown voltage.
(B) either above or below its breakdown voltage.
(C) above its breakdown voltage.

62. A triac is a type of. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 120.
(A) thermistor.
(B) transistor.
(C) thyristor.

63. If a junction diode is reverse biased too far, the output current would.
(A) reverse direction.
(B) cease to flow.
(C) increase.

64. When a PN junction is forward biased, it conducts vi(A)

(A) intrinsic carrier.
(B) majority carrier.
(C) minority carrier.

65. If the reverse bias voltage across a diode is too high.

(A) load current reduces to zero.
(B) load current increases rapidly.
(C) load current reverses.

66. An LED which emits green light uses. http://www.oksolar.com/led/led_color_chart.htm

(A) gallium phosphide.
(B) gallium arsenide.
(C) gallium arsenide phosphide.

67. An LED which emits red light uses.

(A) gallium phosphide.
(B) gallium arsenide phosphide.
(C) gallium arsenide.

68. A photodiode is operated under. http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electronic/photdet.html#c2

(A) reverse bias conditions.
(B) forward bias conditions.
(C) reverse or forward bias conditions.

69. To increase capacitance of a varactor diode. http://www.tpu(B)com/content/neets/14179/css/14179_131.htm

(A) reverse bias voltage is increased.
(B) reverse bias voltage is decreased.
(C) forward bias voltage is decreased.

70. A thyristor can be forward biased by (A)

(A) positive or negative pulse.
(B) negative pulse.
(C) positive pulse.

71. N' type materials are doped with. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 110.
(A) acceptors.
(B) acceptors and donors.
(C) donors.

72. In an electronic circuit, if the anode of a diode is clamped to ground. What is this called?.
(A) A negative clamping circuit.
(B) A negative limiting circuit.
(C) A positive clamping circuit.

73. To decrease the capacitance of a varactor.

(A) reverse bias should be decreased.
(B) forward bias should be increased.
(C) reverse bias should be increased.

74. A Zener diode is used across the output for a power supply circuit to.
(A) give a full wave rectification.
(B) prevent thermal runway.
(C) provide a steady DC voltage output without falling.

75. If a diode has gone open circuit in a full wave bridge rectifier, the output frequency ripple is.
(A) the same as the input frequency.
(B) twice the input frequency.
(C) half the input frequency.

76. In a full wave bridge rectifier.

(A) the output is pure D(C) Frequency is 0 Hz.
(B) the output frequency is twice the input frequency.
(C) the output voltage is twice the input voltage.

77. After passing through a rectifier, alternating current becomes.

(A) smooth direct current.
(B) pulsating direct current.
(C) square wave form current.

78. A Zener diode usually works.

(A) only in reverse bias.
(B) at variable voltages.
(C) only in forward bias.

79. P' type materials require. http://en.wikipedi(A)org/wiki/P-type_semiconductor

(A) acceptors.
(B) conductors.
(C) donors.

80. Which of the following explains how the photodiode works?. http://en.wikipedi(A)org/wiki/Photodiodes
(A) Photodiodes are forward biased to conduct when light falls upon them.
(B) Photodiodes are back biased not to conduct when light falls upon them.
(C) Photodiodes are back biased to conduct when light falls upon them.

1.2(A) Semiconductors - Transistors.

81. In an NPN transistor the P is the. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 116.
(A) collector.
(B) emitter.
(C) base.

82. When compared to a photo diode, a photo transistor.

(A) is less sensitive to light levels.
(B) responds faster to changes of light.
(C) is slower to respond to changes of light.

83. For correct operation of a transistor, the following conditions must apply. Eismin Aircraft Electricity and
Electronics 5th Edition page 116
(A) The base-emitter junction must be forward biased and the base-collector junction must be greater than 0.7
volts.
(B) For an NPN transistor the base-emitter junction must be forward biased and for a PNP transistor the base
emitter junction must be reverse biased.
(C) The base-collector junction must be reverse biased and the base-emitter junction must be forward biased.

84. Current gain in a common emitter amplifier is given the symbol.

(A) β
(B) a
(C) Hcg

85. For conduction of a transistor, the emitter junction is. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin
Page 116.
(A) forward or reverse as appropriate to the input signal.
(B) reverse biased.
(C) forward biased.
86. In a PNP transistor, which way does conventional current flow?.
(A) Base to emitter.
(B) Collector to emitter.
(C) Emitter to collector.

87. A transistor is used in.

(A) current amplifiers.
(B) both current amplifiers and voltage amplifiers.
(C) voltage amplifiers.

88. Under normal operating conditions X will be. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page
116/117.

(A) negative with respect to Z.

(B) positive with respect to Z.
(C) negative with respect to Y.
89. With an NPN transistor electrons leave the.
(A) Base.
(B) Collector.
(C) Emitter.

90. In a transistor, the arrow always points in the direction of.

(A) electron flow.
(B) conventional current.
(C) emitter.

91. A common base transistor circuit is so called because.

(A) the base is common to the emitter and collector circuits.
(B) the base region is located between the emitter and collector region.
(C) the base is n-type material.

1.2(B) Semiconductors - Transistors.

92. In a FET, the junction connections are called. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 120.
(A) drain, source and gate.
(B) drain, collector and junctions.
(C) base, collector and emitter.

93. How is a push-pull transistor arrangement connected?.

(A) Collector to collector.
(B) Emitter to emitter.
(C) Base to base.

94. Thermal runaway in a transistor is caused by.

(A) excessive heat causing maximum current flow.
(B) excessive heat causing minimum current flow.
(C) low heat causing minimum current flow.

95. An advantage of a common emitter is.

(A) it has high power gain.
(B) it is a voltage follower.
(C) it has high voltage gain.

96. What class of amplifier is biased at cut off?.

(A) C (B) B (C) A

97. When testing a transistor with an ohmmeter, what is the resistance of the emitter/collector?. Aircraft
Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 119.
(A) Low resistance both ways.
(B) High resistance one way.
(C) High resistance both ways.

98. A capacitor-resistor coupled multistage amplifier lets.

(A) DC pass only.
(B) AC and DC pass to the next stage.
(C) AC pass only

99. A common base amplifier has. http://www.tpu(B)com/content/neets/14180/css/14180_48.htm

(A) high input and high output impedance.
(B) low input and high output impedance.
(C) low input and medium output impedance.
 1.3(A) Integrated Circuits.
100. What are the ideal characteristics of an Op Amp?.
(A) Infinite gain, infinite input Impedance and infinite output impedance.
(B) Infinite gain, infinite input Impedance and zero output impedance.
(C) Low gain, infinite input Impedance and zero output impedance.

101. An OP-AMP IC may contain Electrical Technology – BLT IV

A. two dozen transistors, a dozen resistors and one or two capacitors
B. Only diode
C. Only capacitor

102. Infinite gain, infinite input impedance and zero output impedance is characteristic of (A) Electrical
Technology – BLT IV
(A) Class B amp.
(B) Class A amp.
(C) Op amp.

103. A non-inverting op-amp.

(A) has an inverting input and a non-inverting output.
(B) a non-inverting input connection only.
(C) has a non-inverting input and an inverting output.

104. In an operational amplifier, the two input waves are the same amplitude, same frequency, but exactly anti-
phase. What would the output be?.
(A) Double. (B) Zero. (C) Half.

105. What does the output voltage of an op-amp depend upon?.

(A) The op amp bandwidth. (B) The gain of the op-amp. (C) The resistors in the circuit.

1.3(B) Integrated Circuits.

106. This is a diagram of (A) Electrical Technology – BLT IV

(A) differentiator. (B) adder. (C) integrator.

107. This is a diagram of (A) Electrical Technology – BLT IV

(A) integrator. (B) adder. (C) differentiator.

108. How are the pins numbered on an op-amp IC?. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th
Edition Eismin Page 140.
(A) from left to right from the dot.
(B) counter clockwise from the dot.
 (C) clockwise from the dot.

109. A single integrated circuit Op Amp has how many pins?. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th
Edition Eismin Page 140.
(A) 7. (B) 8. (C) 4.

110. What is the output of the amplifier shown?.

(A) 5V. (B) 3V. (C) 0V.

111. A momentary input at the reset input of a flip flop will.

(A) reset the true output to 0.
(B) clock in new data from the data inputs.
(C) reset the true output to 1.

112. Which type of flip flop has only 1 data input?.

(A) JK. (B) D. (C) RS.

113. When you use an op amp as a buffer it has. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin
Page 288.
(A) low input impedance and high output impedance.
(B) high input impedance and low output impedance.
(C) the same input an output impedance.

114. What is required for the switching of a monostable multivibrator?.

(A) One trigger pulse to both switch on and off.
(B) One trigger pulse to switch on and two trigger pulses to switch off.
(C) One trigger pulse to switch on and another to switch off.

115. A device which has a high input impedance, low output impedance and high voltage gain is (A)
(A) Op-Amp. (B) Class A amp. (C) Class B amp.

116. Pin 3 on an op-amp has a + symbol. This designates.

(A) positive input DC pin. (B) non-inverting input. (C) positive offset null.

117. The semiconductor substrate used in 'chips' is most commonly.

(A) silicon. (B) phiidide. (C) germanium.

118. The input resistance to an inverting op-amp is 100 Ohms. The feedback resistance is 100 kilohms. What is
the amplifier gain?.
(A) 1000. (B) 1/1000. (C) -1000.

2. Printed Circuit Boards.

119. A Printed Circuit Board (PCS) is constructed of a plastic laminate which has bonded to one or both sides.
(A) a thin layer of copper.
 (B) various thicknesses of copper.
(C) a thick sheet of copper.

120. How is a PCB protected after manufacture?. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page
120.
(A) By conformal coating.
(B) With non-conductive varnish.
(C) With wax.

121. Question Number. 4. A multi-layer PCB has. CAIPs MMC/1-1 Para 15.
(A) two or more layers on one or both sides.
(B) one layer on either side.
(C) two or more layers connected in series.

122. Question Number. 8. What is the base material of a PCB?. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th
Edition Eismin Page 122.
(A) Insulator. (B) Semiconductor. (C) Conductor.

3(A) Servomechanisms.
123. The output of a tachogenerator is. A/C Instrument System By Palet
(A) proportional to speed of rotation.
(B) proportional to position.
(C) proportional to acceleration.

124. AC power to a synchro system is supplied to. A/C Instrument System By Palet
(A) torque transmitter only.
(B) both the torque receiver and torque transmitter.
(C) torque receiver only.

125. A differential synchro. A/C Instrument System By Palet

(A) can be used as either a transmitter or a receiver.
(B) can only be used as a receiver.
(C) can only be used as a transmitter.

126. A resolver has. A/C Instrument System By Palet

(A) 3 coils on the rotor and 2 coils on the stator.
(B) 2 coils on the rotor and 3 coils on the stator.
(C) 2 coils on the rotor and 2 coils on the stator.

127. The 'null' point on a control synchro is when the two rotors are. A/C Instrument System By Palet
(A) wired in series.
(B) at 90° to each other.
(C) parallel to each other.

128. A differential synchro has.

(A) single phase stator, 2 phase rotor.
(B) 3 phase stator, 3 phase rotor.
(C) 3 phase stator, single phase rotor.

129. When a servomotor has stopped, the rate feedback from a tachogenerator is.
(A) maximum and in phase. (B) maximum and anti-phase. (C) zero.

130. Differential synchros have. See Pallett Aircraft Instruments and Integrated Systems pg 135.
(A) a transmitter and a receiver.
 (B) a transmitter only.
(C) a receiver only.

131. In a torque synchro system, the power supply is connected to. Pallett Aircraft Instruments and
Integrated Systems pg 135. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 185/6.
(A) the rotor windings of both the transmitter and receiver.
(B) the stator windings of the transmitter.
(C) the rotor windings of the transmitter only.