We’ve all heard that the Universe is expanding, but have you ever thought why is it 

expanding? What’s the force pushing everything outwards? what’s the Universe 
expanding into? 
 
Edvin hubble, provided the definitive evidence that the Universe was expanding. 
Observing distant galaxies, he observed they were fleeing outwards, in fact he was able 
to come up with calculations to show how fast they were moving away from us. by using 
this formula. Or to be more precise, he was able to show how fast all the galaxies are 
moving away from each other. He did this by observing the redshift of the 
electromagnetic spectrum of galaxies. 
 
the galaxies which are moving away from us will appear to be red in colour because red 
colour has shorter wavelength. It is similar to doppler effect observed in sound. 
 
and by the rate of change in intensity of the red colour we can find the speed by which 
they are getting away. 
 
according to recent research, the expansion of the universe is found out to be 
accelerating. what 
Researchers said that the possible explanation of this phenomena is that the space is 
not empty, it is filled with energy which is causing the universe to expand but we cannot 
see it we can only see its effects that’s the reason why scientists named it ‘energy of 
nothing aka dark energy’ and it is present in fairly large amount in the space. 
 
according to general relativity, dark energy have repulsive gravitational field which is 
the cause of the universe's expansion,. 
 
Further recent studies have shown that the expansion is highly isotropic and 
homogeneous’ that is, it does not seem to have a special point as a "center", but 
appears universal and independent of any fixed central point. 
 
Does this mean that we are not the centre of the universe?????? 
well we probably never were. 
 
We can see the expansion of the universe, by picturing it as batter in an oven and 
galaxies as raisins in it. As the universe expands the distance between galaxies increases 
and the distance between the far off galaxies will increase faster than the nearby 
galaxies in the same time that’s why the rate of increase in the intensity of the red colour 
of far of galaxies is much higher than the galaxies which are closer to earth. 
 
High-precision measurements of the ​expansion of the universe​ requires to understand 
how the expansion rate changes over time and space. In ​general relativity​, the evolution 
of the expansion rate is estimated from the ​curvature of the universe​ and the 
cosmological ​equation of state​ (the relationship between temperature, pressure, and 
combined matter, energy, and vacuum energy density for any region of space)​ ​. 
 
And Measuring the equation of state for dark energy is one of the biggest efforts in 
observational cosmology today.