INTRODUCTION

Motor Vehicle Collisions Epidemiology

Motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) continue to be a leading cause of death in the United States1.
Each year greater than 30,000 people are killed in MVCs and in2009 alone, over 2.3 million
adult drivers and passengers were seen inemergency departments for injuries related to crashes2.
The New York Times estimated in 2007 that the average American had a 1 in 84 lifetime risk of
dying in a car crash. Compounding significant morbidity, mortality, emotional distress ,and
inconvenience, the economic impact of MVCs is immense. One study estimated that in 2005, the
cost of medical care and losses in productivity from fatal and non-fatal crash-related injuries
exceeded $99 billion dollars .In response to such a serious problem, a multi-disciplinary
approach including increasingly stringent policy and enforcement, improved education and
awareness campaigns, and improved engineering from a growing body of biomechanics research
has led to an impressive 25% drop in the fatality rate over the past 10 years5. In fact, reductions
in US MVC injuries and fatalities have been deemed one of the CDC’s “Ten Great Public Health
Achievements” in the 21stcentury6. While traffic safety efforts have made great strides, MVCs
remain a serious problem. Startling trends are beginning to emerge in surprising populations. For
the first time in history, surpassing violent crimes and attacks , MVCs are the leading cause of
death in law enforcement officers. A recent study2has shown that as many as 50% of these
guardians of the public’s safety are not wearing seat belts at the time of the crash. Another
startling but not particularly new subgroup comprises teens and novice drivers. Teen and young
adult driver continue to make up a disproportionate percentage of MVCs . For the first time in
the last decade in which teen deaths had trended downward, 16-17 year old driver crash deaths
increased (11%). Our work is far from complete.
Background of the Study
Unlicensed driving is a matter of concern for several reasons. It is possible that drivers who have
not undergone appropriate training and testing may be deficient in some aspect of the knowledge
and skills required to drive safely and efficiently. Also, drivers who are unauthorized may have
less incentive to comply with road traffic laws and that they would not be influenced by the
rewards and penalties set up under the licensing system. Therefore, drivers who do not have a
valid license may disregard the threat of license sanctions. On the other hand, it can be argued
that people who knowingly drive while unlicensed may take more care in order to avoid
prosecution. In the literature, the term “unlicensed” is used interchangeably to mean several
things. To avoid confusion, the term “unlicensed” driving in this study may have meanings as
follows: drivers who drive but who have never possessed any form of license; drivers who have
previously held a license but expired; and drivers possessing only a provisional license but who,
nevertheless, drive unaccompanied.
Driving without a license in the Philippines is considered a minor traffic violation. The penalties
for driving without a license depend on the subcategory where a violation falls. For instance, the
penalties for driving with an expired driver’s license, failure to carry a driver’s license and
driving without a registered driver’s license from the Land Transportation Office are considered
different cases. The Land Transportation Office is the arm of the Philippine government
implementing the land transportation rules and regulations in the country. Its mandate and main
functions include inspection and registration of motor vehicles, issuance of license and permits,
enforcement of land transportation laws, adjudication of traffic cases and collection of revenues
for the government in relation to land transportation transactions. It is considered the equivalent
of the department of motor vehicles in the United States. In order to drive and be in accordance
with the law, individuals must have their driver’s licenses. Some people mistakenly believe that
driving is a right. However, driving is a privilege that can be revoked if certain conditions are not
met. People who get pulled over without a driver’s license could face serious consequences,
depending upon the circumstances (Hirby, 2005).
The strict implementation of driving with license and imposing penalties to those who drive

without license in Mati City is a challenge. This is evidenced by the increasing number of

motorcycle accidents by drivers with no license (Tanagon & Umanan, 2010). This study focuses

on this phenomenon of driving without license. This is to explore and identify the possible

factors that influence driver’s perceptions towards driver licensing. Background of the Study

Unlicensed driving is a matter of concern for several reasons. It is possible that drivers

who have not undergone appropriate training and testing may be deficient in some aspect of the

knowledge and skills required to drive safely and efficiently. Also, drivers who are unauthorized
may have less incentive to comply with road traffic laws and that they would not be influenced

by the rewards and penalties set up under the licensing system. Therefore, drivers who do not

have a valid license may disregard the threat of license sanctions. On the other hand, it can be

argued that people who knowingly drive while unlicensed may take more care in order to avoid

prosecution. In the literature, the term “unlicensed” is used interchangeably to mean several

things. To avoid confusion, the term “unlicensed” driving in this study may have meanings as

follows: drivers who drive but who have never possessed any form of license; drivers who have

previously held a license but expired; and drivers possessing only a provisional license but who,

nevertheless, drive unaccompanied.Driving without a license in the Philippines is considered a

minor traffic violation. The penalties for driving without a license depend on the subcategory

where a violation falls. For instance, the penalties for driving with an expired driver’s license,

failure to carry a driver’s license and driving without a registered driver’s license from the Land

Transportation Office are considered different cases. The Land Transportation Office is the arm

of the Philippine government implementing the land transportation rules and regulations in the

country. Its mandate and main functions include inspection and registration of motor vehicles,

issuance of license and permits, enforcement of land transportation laws, adjudication of traffic

cases and collection of revenues for the government in relation to land transportation

transactions. It is considered the equivalent of the department of motor vehicles in the United

States. In order to drive and be in accordance with the law, individuals must have their driver’s

licenses. Some people mistakenly believe that driving is a right. However, driving is a privilege

that can be revoked if certain conditions are not met. People who get pulled over without a

driver’s license could face serious consequences, depending upon the circumstances.
 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to assess and examine the phenomenon of driving without license. It seeks to
answer the following research questions:
1. What is the socio-demographic profile of the respondents?
2. What are the factors of driving without license?
3. What are the reasons for driving without licence?
4. What are the implications of driving without driving license?
inconvenience, the economic impact of MVCs is immense. One study estimated that in 2005, the
cost of medical care and losses in productivity from fatal and non-fatal crash-related injuries
exceeded $99 billion dollars .In response to such a serious problem, a multi-disciplinary
approach including increasingly stringent policy and enforcement, improved education and
awareness campaigns, and improved engineering from a growing body of biomechanics research
has led to an impressive 25% drop in the fatality rate over the past 10 years5. In fact, reductions
in US MVC injuries and fatalities have been deemed one of the CDC’s “Ten Great Public Health
Achievements” in the 21stcentury6. While traffic safety efforts have made great strides, MVCs
remain a serious problem. Startling trends are beginning to emerge in surprising populations. For
the first time in history, surpassing violent crimes and attacks , MVCs are the leading cause of
death in law enforcement officers. A recent study2has shown that as many as 50% of these
guardians of the public’s safety are not wearing seat belts at the time of the crash. Another
startling but not particularly new subgroup comprises teens and novice drivers. Teen and young
adult driver continue to make up a disproportionate percentage of MVCs . For the first time in
the last decade in which teen deaths had trended downward, 16-17 year old driver crash deaths
increased (11%). Our work is far from complete.
 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The research is conducted in order to examine and to know why senior high school student with
motor cycle don’t take the drivers test so that they can get driver license. This study examines the
students why they don’t take the drivers test and get students or drivers license. The conduction
of this research is very important to student drivers. This study highlights the importants of
driver license because it has may use like when you got caught in a checkpoint you can let them
verify that you are eligible in driving a motor cycle. On the other hand, this study helps students
know the protocols in driving in public highways.
 CONCEPTIONAL FRAMEWORK

AGE GROUP

RANK 1-4 5-9 10-14 15-24 25-34 35-44

1 Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional
Injury Injury Injury Injury Injury Injury
1,394 758 885 12,341 14,573 14,792
2 Congenital Malignant Malignant Homicide Suicide Malignant
Anomalies Neoplasms Neoplasms 4,678 5,735 Neoplasms
507 439 477 11,809

3 Homicide Congenital Suicide Suicide Homicide Heart

385 Anomalies 267 4,600 4,258 Disease
163 10,594

4 Malignant Homicide Homicide Malignant Malignant Suicide

Neoplasm 111 150 Neoplasm Neoplasms 6,571
346 1,604 3,619

5 Heart Heart Congenital Heart Heart Homicide

Disease Disease Anomalies Disease Disease
2,473
159 68 135 1,028 1,028
CONCEPTUAL BACKGROUND
Despite recent prevention gains, motor vehicle crashes continue to be the leading cause of death
for US adolescents and young adults. Many of these deaths involve young unlicensed drivers that
are more likely to be in fatal crashes and to engage in high-risk driving behaviors like impaired
driving, speeding, and driving unrestrained. In a crash context, the influence of these high-risk
behaviors may spillover to adversely affect passenger safety restraint use.
 THEORITICAL BACKGROUND
Theory suggest that drivers will be deterred from driving unlicensed. If they perceive a high like
hood of apprehension. And if the resulting penalties are perceived to be sufficiently certain
severe and swift. The evidence from this study tends to suggests that this conditions are not
currently being achieved for many offenders. It did not prove a significant predictor in any of the
consolidated regression analysis, behaviour was anomalous in the first instance it may also
reflect a need on the part of some participants to reassert their moral commitment to the law.