Topic:-

DISCRETE
MATHEMATICS
Name : Seerat Abbas
Roll No : 13
Superior University Lahore(Multan
campus)
Objective
Introduction of Discrete Math
Proposition
Compound Proposition
Conjunction
Disjunction
Negation
Conditional Statement
Bi-Conditional
Truth Tables
 `Discrete Math
“Discrete mathematics is the mathematical
structure that are fundamentally discrete rather
than continious”

(In general it is used whenever objects are counted

and when relationship between two finite(or
countable) sets are studied .) For
example:
1. The number of students in a class (and it is
Application
It is a wide range subject its study
includes parts of logic , computer
science ,statistics,and operations
research,algebra,graphs etc.
 Propositions
“A declrative stetement that is
either True or False but not
Both ”

• Represented by lowercase
letters such as

p, q and r.
 Examples of Proposition
T
1. Islamabad is the Capital of Pakistan
2. Karachi is the Capital of Pakistan F
3. 2+2=4 T
4. 2+5=6 F
This is not the Example of Proposition:
1.x+1=2 2.x+y=z
3.What time is it 3.Read this
COMPOUND
STATEMENT
“Many mathematical statements are
constructed by combining one or
more propositional, new
propositional is called compound
proposition”
For example, " Today is Monday and It
is Raining" is considered a compound statement. 
The two simple statements " Today is Monday "
and " It is Raining " are connected by the word
"and".
Connectives
“Used to combine propositions”

Some kinds of Connectives:

1. Conjuction
2.Disjunction
3. Conditional 4.Bi-
conditional
CONJUCTION
“Any two Proposition can be combined
by the word “and” to form a compound
proposition called conjuction ”
Symbolically
p ∧q
(Read as “p and
q”) ∧q
Definition : If p and q are true,pthen
p ∧q
is true; othervise is false:
Truth table of Conjuction
P Q p ∧q

T T T
T F F
F T F
F F F
An other Example of
Conjuction
p: Today is Monday.
q: it is raining.
p ∧q

Today is Monday AND it is

raining.
DISJUNCTION
“Any two Proposition can be combined
by the word “or” to form a compound
proposition called disjuction ”
Symbolically
p ∨q
(Read as “p or
q”) ∨q
Definition : If p and q are false,pthen
p∨
is false; q
othervise is
Truth table of Disjunction
P Q p ∨q

T T T
T F T
F T T
F F F
DISJUNCTION

p: Today is Monday.
q: it is raining.
p ∨q
Today is Monday OR it is
raining.
NEGATION
“Let p be the proposition then the
negation of p is¬ p
denoted¬ p
by
and is the opposite proposition
of p ” ¬ p Truth
Symbolically ¬ p table
¬ p
P
(Read as “not
T F
p”)
F T
NEGATION
p: Today is Monday.
q: it is raining.
¬p
-p: Today is NOT Monday.
-q: It is NOT raining.
CONDITIONAL STATEMENT
“Many stetements, particularly in
mathematics, are of the form “if p then q”.
Such statement are called conditional
stetement”
Symbolically
P Q p
p q
(Read as “p implies q”) T T q
T
Condition: T F T
The condition p q is F T T
false when p is true and F F F
CONDITIONAL
STATEMENT
p: Today is Monday.
q: it is raining.

p q
IF today is Monday, THEN it is
raining.
Bi-CONDITIONAL STATEMENT
“Another comman statement is of the form “p
if and only if q”. Such statement are called
Bi-conditional stetement”
Symbolically
p q P Q p
(Read as “p if and only if q”)
Condition: T T q
T
The condition p q is T F F
true when both p and q have F T F
same truth values;otherwise false
BI CONDITIONAL
STATEMENT
p: Today is Monday.
q: it is raining.
p ↔q
Today is Monday IF AND ONLY IF
it is raining.