Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
OPPORTUNITIES
Poonam & Sukhmanpreet Kaur (M.Com 1)
kambozp14@gmail.com
sukhmankaur2134@gmail.com
Dr. Rooppal Kaur (Assistant prof.)
rupal.kaur22@gmail.com
Post Graduate Department of Commerce
Dev Samaj College for Women, Ferozepur City.
Abstract
E-governance has become the key to good Governance in a developing country like India. The
Government of India had made out a plan to use information technology in its operations to
make them more efficient and effective and also to bring accountability and transparency. But
the actual target is still far behind what is actually needed by the customers like citizens,
businessman etc. E-Governance mainly focuses on the research tools and models that can help
its customers for more efficient knowledge and decision making process. E-Governance can
remove poverty, safety basic human needs and reduce inequality. The technology and the
methods used in E-Governance project provide a road map for efficient delivery of services at
the doorstep. In today’s time the development of any country depends on the uses of E-
Governance and also their penetration. Development of any country can be judge by the spoke of
E-governance in that country. This paper deals with the opportunities and challenges of e-
governance.
INTRODUCTION
The term E-Governance came into existence with the arrival of Government websites in late
1990s. E-Governance or electronic Governance implies the usage of information and
communication technology (ICTs) to provide customers and businessman with more useful
access to the Government’s services and information. It is a step toward SMART Governance
involves ICT, especially the internet with the object to empower information and service delivery
and make Government more transparent, responsive and accountable. It is not only confined to
the public sector but also consists the management and administration of procedures and policies
in private sector as well. E-Governance is all about the use of information and communication
technology in the system of Governance or say using ICT to involve multi-stockholders in
decision making and in making Governments more open and accountable. The rapid pace in the
area of ICT have benefited the reinvention of government and prepared them to serve the needs
of diverse society. It is with the concern that the concept of E-Governance becomes conspicuous.
Democracies in the world share a vision of the day when E-Governance becomes a way of life.
With the technical development of internet technology in the nineties, there were global shifts
towards increased deployment of IT by governments. The technology as well as e-governance
initiatives emerged a long way since that time. World Wide Web offered good opportunities to
global population to exploit their new mode of access in wide ranging ways. People have great
expectation to get information and services online from governments and corporate organizations
to further their civic, professional and personal lives, thus creating plentiful evidence that the
new "e-citizenship" is taking hold. In India, the notion of e-governance during the seventies with
a focus on development of in-house government applications in the areas of defence, economic
monitoring, planning and the deployment of IT to manage data intensive functions related to
elections, census, and tax administration. The National Informatics Center made great efforts to
link all the district headquarters in the decade of eighties. Since the beginning of nineties, IT
technologies were enhanced by information and communication technology to expand its use for
wider sectorial applications with policy emphasis on reaching out to rural areas and taking in
greater participations from NGOs and private sectors.
The difference between government and governance is often raised. Governance, according to
the New Oxford English dictionary (1991), is defined as “the action or manner of governing”.
It is the process by which we collectively solve our problems and meet our society’s needs.
Government is the instrument we use.” E-Government and E-governance can be defined as two
very distinct terms. E-Governance is a broader topic that deals with the whole spectrum of the
relationship and networks within government regarding the usage and application of ICTs. It is a
group of norms, processes and behaviors that have an influence on the exercise of power,
especially from the point of view of openness, participation, responsibility, effectiveness and
consistency. E-Government is actually a narrower discipline dealing with the development of
online services to the citizen, more the e on any particular government service - such as e-tax, e-
transportation or e-health. E-Governance is a wider concept that defines and assesses the impacts
technologies are having on the practice and administration of governments and the relationships
between public servants and the wider society, such as dealings with the elected bodies or
outside groups such as not for profits organizations, NGO’s or private sector corporate entities. It
encompasses a series of necessary steps for government agencies to develop and administer to
ensure successful implementation of e-government services to the public at large. E-democracy
refers to the processes and structures that encompass all forms of electronic interaction between
the Government (elected) and the citizen (electorate). E-government is a form of e-business in
governance and refers to the processes and structures needed to deliver electronic services to the
public (citizens and businesses), collaborate with business partners and to conduct electronic
transactions within an organizational entity.
Simple- The use of ICT bring simplicity in governance through electronic documentation, online
submission, online service delivery etc.
Moralistic- It brings morality to governance as immoralities like bribing, red-tapism etc. are
eliminated.
Accountable- it makes the Government accountable as all the data and information of
Government is available online for consideration of every citizen, the NGOs and the media.
Responsive- Due to reduced paperwork and increased communication speeds and decreased
communication time, the Government agencies become more responsive.
Transparent- With increased morality, online availability of information and reduced red-
tapism the process of governance becomes transparent leaving no room for the Government to
conceal any information from the citizens.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Prior to the limited literature review it shall be logic to belief to mention that departments from
where the maximum information source was available and that too without any copyrights or
otherwise.
Singh Shruti and Singh Rubee (2018) in the paper “Impact of E-Governance in India”
explores that E-Governance is the modernization of processes and function of Government is
using the tools of ICT so as to transform the way it serve its components.
Suri Pardeep (2017) highlights that Government organizations are increasingly being expected
to be performance oriented with the use of E-Governance. With the help of E-Governance
expected to improve with the application of relevant lessons.
Misra, D.C. has compiled the maximum number of papers. He is referred extensively in this
research. His maiden contribution was defining the E-Governance.
Kalsi, N.S., Kiran, Ravi and Vaidyain, S.C. (2008) explore the Effective E-Governance for
good Governance in India. This paper specifically addresses the E-Governance initiatives that
have a direct impact on the citizens and in which the citizens get benefit through direct
transactions with the Governmental services.
The various types of E-Governance models can be classified into following categories
CHALLENGES IN E-GOVERNANCE
1. Resistance to change
Citizens, employees and businesses can all have their biases with respect
to how transactions should be processed. However, government entities
and public policies administrators cannot ignore the changes that occur as
a result of implementation of information and communication technology
(ICT)
Education about the value of the new systems is one step toward reducing
some of the existing resistance. It can also be particularly useful for a
leader or manager, to by into the new system at an early stage in the
adoption process.
The resistant to change phenomenon can explain much of the hesitation
that occurs on the part of constituents in moving from a paper based to a
web based system for interacting with government.
1. Cost
Cost is one of the most important prohibiting factor that comes in the path
of E-Governance implementation particularly in the developing countries
like India where most of the people leaving below the poverty line.
Elected officer and politician don’t seem to be interested in implementing
e-governance.
There are many great inventions; every one of them important for its time, but the internet is the
greatest inventions of our time. The internet is not only providing an enormous amount of
information, but deeply impacting our day to day activities and without internet life is
unimaginable. So after testing benefits of IT in personal uses now citizens are looking for similar
on line efficient services from a Government department. So with increasing demand from
citizens for transparent services in administration, the government do not have any other choice
except to improve their delivery process and organization efficiencies by adopting E-Governance
tools. All over the Globe, Federal Governments are taking big initiatives for E-governance.
These organizations are also understanding the advantages of E-Governance like improved
access to services, reduced operational cost enhanced knowledge and improving co-ordination
between various government agencies single window clearance is one of the outcome of these
initiatives. Later or sooner E-Governance will become a performance barometer of each
government in economic, political and administrative functioning.
Digital India campaign launched by the government of India is the right step to ensure that
government services are made available to citizens electronically or by making the country
digitally empowered in the field of delivery of services digitally. Government of India is focused
and taken the various E-Governance initiatives like e-education, digital locker, e-sign, e-hospital,
national health portal, national scholarship portal, e-sampark and many more.
DIPP is also encouraging and guiding state government(s) to improve ease of doing business
ranking based on the IT enabled services offers to investors. but if we go to any State
Government department specially responsible for various services to the citizens, business or
industry, we can see tremendous opportunities to induct E-Governance tools for transparent,
accountable and efficient services on delivery front and efficient in – house working as well.
So opportunities are huge in India that i.e. hundreds of billions of dollars but challenges are still
too many!
CONCLUSION
We need to develop far more sophisticated systems for capturing and measuring the impact of E-
Governance, so that we can judge crude, ‘availability’ terms. And new need to be able to judge
the real impact on citizens, not by just changes in production or distribution of public services.
About all, E-Governance needs to be seen as part of governance, not as an add-on. Decisions
about technology- from use of open source to the treatment of personal data- are more and more
in the political realm and this is to be watched .Because only when we can drop the ‘e’ and return
to talking about Governance, can E- Governance be said to have succeeded or not.
REFERENCES-
Alhomod, S.M., Shafi, M.M., Kousamizi M.N., Seiti, F., Teshnehlab, M., Susanto, H.,
Batawi, Y.A. (2012),“ Best Practices in E- Government: A Review Of Some Innovative
Models Proposed in different Countries”.
Elmagarmid, A., William, J. and Mciver J. (2001). “The Ongoing March Towards Digital
Government”, IEEE Computer Society, vol, 34, No.1, pp. 32-38.