Simple Harmonic Motion (Practice Questions)

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION (BOARD LEVEL)
SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

SOLVED NUMERICALS
SHM-I-2Marks
 2 
1. (a) The displacement of a particle is given y = 20 sin  +   . If the time period of the
 T 
particle is 60 sec, find the phase difference between any two positions of the particle 10
seconds apart ?
1. (a) Let 1 and 2 are phase angles at ‘t1’ and ‘t2’ sec respectively, where t1 – t2 = 10 sec.
2 t 1 2t 2
 1 = +  and 2 = +
T T
2 2(10 ) 
 phase difference = 1 - 2 = ( t1 − t 2 ) = = radian
T 60 3
2. (a) A copper wire of length 8 m and a steel wire of length 4 m, each of cross section 0.5
cm2 are joined end to end and stretched with a tension of 500 N. If yopper = 1  1011
N/m2,
ysteel = 2  1011 N/m2. Find the elastic potential energy stored in the system ?
(b) At what depth a rubber ball shall be kept in a lake so that its volume decrease by 0.1
%? (Given Bulk modulus of rubber = 10  108 N/m2 )
[2+1=3]
FL 500  8
2. (a) ecopper = = = 0.8 mm
Ay 1 10 11  10 .5  10 − 4
FL 500  4
esteel = = = 0.2 mm
Ay 2  10  (0.5  10 − 4 )
11
 enet = 0.8  0.2 = 1  10-3

1
 PE = ½  stress  strain  vol. of wire =  500  (1 10 − 3 ) = 0.25 J.
2
pv kv
(b) k =  p =
v v
k.v kv
 hg = =h=
v gv
10  10 8  0.1
= = 100 m
1000  10  100
3. A particle executes S. H. M. with a time period of 4s. Find the time taken by the particle
to go directly from its mean position to half of its amplitude.
3. x = A sin (t + o)
At t = 0, x = 0  A sin o = 0 or o = 0
Hence, x = A sin (t)
or A/2 = A sin (t)
or ½ = sin (t)
RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES || NEWTONCLASSES.NET 1

1 
t = sin-1   =
2 6
 .T
t= =
6 6(2 )
as  = 2/T
 t = T/12 = 1/3 s
4. A particle moves such that its acceleration is given by a = -b2x. Find the time period of
oscillation.
2
4. T=
b
5. The equation of motion of a particle started at t = 0 is given by x = 5 sin (20 t + /3)
where x is in centimetre and ‘t’ in second. When does the particle first come to rest.
dx
5. = 5 cos(20t +  / 3) = 0
dt

t= .
120
6. A body of mass 1 kg is executing SHM which is given by x = 6 cos(100 t + /4) cm.

What is the
(i) amplitude of displacement
(ii) frequency
(iii) initial phase
(iv) velocity
(v) acceleration
(vi) maximum kinetic energy ?
6. x = 6 cos (100 t + /4) cm given.

(i) amplitude = 6 cm.
(ii) frequency = 100/sec.
(iii) initial phase = /4
x
(iv) velocity ; = −6 sin(100 t +  / 4)(100 )
t
= - 100 [62 sin2 (100 t +  / 4)]
= - 100 6 2
− x2 
2x
(v) acceleration; = −10 4 [ 6 cos(100 t + /4)]
t 2
= - 104 x
1
(vi) maximum kinetic energy = m (36  104) units
2
7. A particle of mass 'm' is located in a uni-dimensional potential field where potential
energy of the particle depends on coordinate x as u(x) = u0 (1-coscx) ; u0 and c are
constants. Find the period of small oscillations that the particle performs about
equilibrium position.
7. u(x) = u0 (1 - cos xc) given

du
we have F = - = −u0c sin xc
dx
also F = ma
uc − u0 c 2
 a = - 0 sin xc = x for small (xc)
m m
2 m
T= = 2
 u0 c 2
8. If two SHM's are represented by equations y1 = 10 sin [3t + /4] and y2 = 5[sin 3t + 3 cos
3t], find the ratio of their amplitudes.
8. y2 = 5 sin 3 t + 53 cos 3t

= 10 sin [3t + /3]
y1 = 10 sin [3 t + /4]
 A1 = 10 & A2 = 10
A1 10
 = =1
A2 10
9. A body of mass 1 kg is executing SHM which is given by x = 6 cos (100 t + /4) cm.
What is the
(i) frequency
(ii) initial phase
(iii) acceleration
(iv) maximum kinetic energy for given SHM?
9. x = 6 cos (100 t + /4) cm given.

(i) frequency = 50/ (sec-1)
(ii) initial phase = /4
d2 x
(iii) acceleration; 2 = −104 [ 6 cos(100 t + /4)] = - 104 x
dt
1 1
(iv) maximum kinetic energy = m (36  104). J =  1  36  104 = 18  104 J
2 2
10. If two SHM's are represented by equations y1 = 10 sin [3t +/4] and y2 = 5[sin 3t +3 cos
3t], find the ratio of their amplitudes.
10. y2 = 5 sin 3 t + 53 cos 3t = A cos  sin 3 t + A sin  cos 3 t [A = 10 , cos  = ½ ]
= 10 sin [3t + /3]
y1 = 10 sin [3 t + /4]
 A1 = 10 & A2 = 10
A1 10
 = =1
A2 10
11. A particle moves along x-axis such that its acceleration is given by a = -b2x. Find the
time period of oscillation.
[2]
2
11. T= , 2 = b2
b
SHM-II-2Marks
1. In the adjacent figure what is the maximum

amplitude of oscillation, that the two blocks 0
B
system can have if block ‘B’ is not to slip from
A
block ‘A’ when both the blocks combinedly
execute SHM with frequency ‘f’. =0
[1+2=3]
1. fmax = mBg
 amax = g
but in SHM amax = A2
 A2 = g
g g
A= 2 =
 42 f 2
2. One end of a long metallic wire of length L is tied to ceiling. The other end is tied to mass
less spring of spring constant K. A mass m hangs freely from the end of spring. The area
of cross-section and the Young modulus of wire are A and Y respectively. It mass is
slightly pulled down and released, find the time period of oscillation.
2. T = 2 m / k e
k1 = k, k2 = YA/L
ke = (k1k2 / k1 + k2)
( YA + kL )
T = 2 m .
YAk
3. A uniform heavy rod of weight W, cross sectional area A and

length L is hanging from a fixed support. Young’s modules of
the material of the rod is Y; find the elongation of the rod due
to its own weight, Neglect the lateral contraction. L
F/A
3. Y=
 / 
Fdx (L − x )Wdx
x
 = = L
AY LAY dx
L (L − x )Wdx
The total elongation = 
0 LAY
L
W  x2  WL
=  Lx −  = .
LAY  
2 0 2AY


4. Find time period of block as shown in
the figure.
k1
k2
m
4. T = 2 (k1 + k 2 )
k1k 2
5. A block of mass m is connected to two springs of

spring constant k as shown in the figure and allowed
k k
to oscillate about its mean position. The springs are m
attached to two fixed walls on either side and the
block rests on a smooth horizontal table. Find
angular frequency of oscillation.
2k
5. =
m
6. In case of simple harmonic motion (a) at what displacement the kinetic and potential
energies are equal (b) what fraction of total energy is kinetic and what fraction is
potential when displacement is one half of the amplitude.
1 1 1
6. k= m2(A2–y2), u = m2y2 and E = m2A2
2 2 2
(a) According to given condition
1 1
k=u i.e m2(A2–y2) = m2y2
2 2
y = 0.7A
k  y2  1 3
(b) fk = = 1 − 2  = 1 − = (y = A/2 given)
E  A  4 4
u y2 1
fP = = 2 =
E A 4
7. At the ends of three successive seconds the distance of a point moving with SHM from
its mean position, measured in the same direction are 1m, 5m and 5m. Find the time
period of complete oscillation.
7. From eq x = A sin t
1 = A sin t …(i)
5 = A sin  (t + 1) …(ii)
5 = A sin (t + 2) …(iii)
solving above equations
6 sin  = 10 sin  cos 
cos  = 6/10
 = cos-1(3/5)
2
T= −1
cos (3 / 5)
8. A disc is suspended at a point R/2 above its centre. Find its period of small oscillation.
I
8. T = 2
Mg 
3R
T = 2 .
2g
9. A horizontal platform vibrates up and down with a simple harmonic motion of frequency
2/ Hz. Find the maximum amplitude so that an object kept on the platform remains in
contact with the platform.
9. mg – F = mA2 F
minimum normal reaction F = mg - mA2 > 0 m A2

g
 A< 2,  = 2(2/) = 4 rad/s
 mg
10 5
 Amax = 2
= m
4 8
10. A particle executes SHM in straight line. Starting from rest, it travels a distance ‘A’ in the
1st second, it travels a distance ‘B’ in the next second, in the same direction. Prove that
the amplitude of oscillation is 2A2/(3A – B).
10. As it starts from rest, equation of motion x = A cos t

Let the amplitude = A
A - A = A cos  …(1)
A - (A + B) =A cos 2 …(2)
Solving them, we get
2A 2
A =
3A − B
11. A disc is suspended at a point R/2 above its centre. Find its period of small oscillation.
I
11. T = 2
Mg
3R
T = 2 .
2g
SHM-III-2Marks
1. One end of a long metallic wire of length L is tied to the ceiling. The other end is tied to
a massless spring of spring constant k. A mass m hangs freely from the free end of the
spring. The area of cross-section and the Young’s modules of the wire are A and Y
respectively. Find the time period with which mass m will oscillate if it is slightly pulled
down and released.

1. As there is no mass between the spring and wire, the
restoring forces in the spring and the wire will be the
same, i.e. F1 = F2 = F.
If mass m is pulled by y.
 y = y1 + y2 …(i)
Now, By Hook’s law
i.e. F = ky
m
y1 = (F1 / k) …(ii)
and for a wire by Young’s modulus
FL
i.e. y2 = 2 …(iii)
AY
F FL  AY + kL 
So, y = 1 + 2 = F 
k AY  AYk 
[as, F1 = F2 = F]
d2 y  AYk 
 m 2 = − 
dt  m( Ay + kL ) 
This is standard equation of SHM with time period T = (2/)
m( AY + kL )
 T = 2 .
AYk
2. A solid cylinder (cross-sectional area A , length  and 0
density 0 ) floats on the surface of a liquid of density

 with its axis vertical as shown. If it is slightly 
displaced downwards, prove that its motion is SHM
and determine its time period.
[6]
2. In equilibrium, wt. of cylinder = Buoyant force
 A0g = A0 g … (i)
Where 0 = length of cylinder inside liquid.
When further displaced through y,
net force F = wt. – new buoyant force = A0g – A(0 +y)g = – Agy
Ag Ag  g
 a=− .y = − .y = − . .y
m A0 0 
This proves that the motion is simple harmonic.
 
 2 = (0) (g)  T = 2 0 .
 g
3. A particle of mass 'm' is located in a unidimensional potential field where potential
energy of the particle depends on coordinate x as u(x) = u0 (1 - cos cx) ; u0 and c are
constants. Find the period of small oscillations that the particle performs about the
equilibrium position.
3. u(x) = u0 (1 - cos xc) given

du
we have F = - = −u0c sin xc
dx
also F = ma
uc − u0 c 2
a = - 0 sin xc = x for small (xc)
m m
2 m
T= = 2
 u0 c 2

SHM-I-4Marks
1. A string is stretched between two ends with a force of 20 N and the linear density of the
material of string is 0.2 kg/m. One end of the string is given a sinusoidal motion of
frequency 10 Hz and amplitude 0.02 m. At time t = 0, the end has zero displacement
and is moving in positive y = direction, then
(a) find the wave number ?
(b) find the position of the point at x = 0.2 m at t = 0.01 sec. (Given sin 360 = 0.6)
(c) find the slope of the string at x = 0.2 m and at t = 0.2 sec. (Given cos 720 = 0.3090)
F 20
1. v= = 10 m/s.
0 .2
v 10
 = = = 1m.
n 10
2 2
 k= = = 6.28 m-1
 1
 t x
(b) y = A sin 2  − 
T 
 t x
Equation of wave y = 0.02 sin 2  − 
 0 .1 1 
at x = 0.2 m and t = 0.2 sec.
y = 0.012 m.
dy
(c) slope at any point is = −kA cos( t − kx )
dx
2
= − (0.02 ) cos( −72 0 )
1
= - 0.039.
2. If a particle of mass m moves in a potential energy field v = u0 – ax + bx2 where u0, a and
b are positive constant. Calculate the force constant, frequency of the particle and point
of equilibrium.
dU
2. F=- = a − 2bx … (i)
dx
Force constant = 2b
1 k 1 2b
f= =
2 m 2 m
at equilibrium net force should be zero
a – 2bx = 0
a
x= .
2b
3. The equation of motion of a particle started at t = 0 is given by x = 5 sin (20t + /3) where
x is in centimetre and t in second. When does the particle.
(a) first come to rest
(b) first have zero acceleration
(c) first have maximum speed.

dx
3. (a) = 5 cos(20 t +  / 3) . 20
dt
20 t +  / 3 = /2
t =  /120
d2 x
(b) = −5  20 sin( 20 t +  / 3 ). 20
dt 2
20 t + /3 = 
t =  / 30
(c) v = 100 (cos 20 t + /3)

dv
For maximum speed =0
dt
from b, t =  / 30
4. With the assumption of no slipping, determine the

mass m of the block which must be placed on the top 1m s
k = 600 N/m
of a 6 kg cart in order that the system period is 0.75s. 6 kg
What is the minimum coefficient of static friction s for
which the block will not slip relative to the cart if the
cart is displaced 50 mm from the equilibrium position
[4]
and released? Take g = 9.8 m/s2.
M
4. (a) T = 2
k
m+6
0.75 = 2
600
m = 2.55 kg.
(b) Maximum acceleration of SHM is

amax = 2A
2 A
 smg  m2A ; s 
g
2
 2  A
s    . .
 T  g
2
 2   0.05 
s    . .
 0.75   9 .8 
s = 0.358.
5. A spring mass system is shown in the x0

figure. The mass is displaced towards k 2k
left by x0 and released. 15kg
(a) find the time period of oscillations
(b) derive an expression for x as a
function of x0, t, k and m. x
[2+4=6]

5. (a) The elongation in one spring = compression in the other
 equivalent spring stiffness keq = k + 2k = 3k
3k k
circular frequency  = =
m 5
(b) The general solution for SHM of the block is

x = A sin (t + )
dx
At t = 0, x = -x0, =0   = -/2
dt
And A = x0
 x = x0 sin (t - /2)
3k 
=x0 sin ( t− )
m 2
 k 
x = x0 sin  t − .
 5 2
 
6. A disc is suspended at a point R/2 above its centre. Find its period of oscillation.
6. When the disc is rotated through an angle

 about O O
Point of
suspension
the restoring torque is C
d2 
 = - mg (R/2) sin  = I0 2
dt
d  mgR
2
+  =0
dt 2 2I0
2I0
T = 2
mgR
MR 2 3MR 2
I0 = + m(R / 2)2 =
2 4
3R
T = 2 .
2g
What is the
(i) amplitude of displacement
(ii) frequency
(iii) initial phase
(iv) velocity
(v) acceleration
(vi) maximum kinetic energy ?
[6]
7. x = 6 cos (100 t + /4) cm given.

dx
(iv) velocity ; = −6 sin(100 t +  / 4)(100 )
dt
= - 100 [62 sin2 (100 t +  / 4)]
= - 100 6 2
− x2 
d2 x
(v) acceleration; = −10 4 [ 6 cos(100 t + /4)]
dt 2
= - 104 x
1
2
8. A horizontal spring block system of (force constant k) and mass M executes SHM with
amplitude A. When the block is passing through its equilibrium position an object of
mass m is put on it and the two move together. Find the new amplitude and frequency
of vibration.
1 k
8. f=
2 M m
1 k M
f =
2 m + M
from COLM
 Mv = (m + M)V,
At equilibrium v = A = 2Af
M. 2 Af = (m + M) 2Af
A M f
or = 
A m + M f
M
 A = A .
m+M
What is the (i) Amplitude of displacement (ii) frequency (iii) initial phase (iv) velocity (v)
acceleration (vi) maximum kinetic energy ?
9. x = 6 cos (100 t + /4) cm given.

dx
(iv) velocity ; = −6 sin(100 t +  / 4)(100 )
dt
= - 100 [62 sin2 (100 t +  / 4)]
= - 100 6 2
− x2 
d2 x
(v) acceleration; 2
= −10 4 [ 6 cos(100 t + /4)]
dt
= - 104 x

1
2
10. Two light wires made up of same material (Young

Modulus, Y) have length L each and radii R and L, 2R
2R respectively, they are joined together and
suspended from a rigid support. Now a weight W
attached to the free end of joint wire as shown in
figure. Find the elastic potential energy stored in L, R
the system due to extension of wire.
W
1 W2  L  1 W2  L 
10. Energy stored = +  
2 Y  R2  2 Y  (2R)2 
5W 2L
=
8R2 Y
11. A particle executes S. H. M. with a time period of 4s. Find the time taken by the particle
to go directly from its mean position to half of its amplitude.
11. x = A sin (t + o)
At t = 0, x = 0  A sin o = 0 or o = 0
Hence, x = A sin (t)
or A/2 = A sin (t)
or ½ = sin (t)
1 
t = sin-1   =
2 6
 .T
t= =
6 6(2 )
as  = 2/T  t = T/12 = 1/3 s
SHM-II-4Marks
1. Find the distance form the top end of a uniform bar of length 24 cm is to be mounted on
wall about an axis perpendicular to its length, so that its time period of oscillation will be
minimum.
1. Let axis is at a distance of ‘x’ from centre of mass. x

 restoring force  = (Mg) x sin   Mg x 
 torque constant C = Mgx … (i)
and moment of inertia of bar about axis of rotation 
M 2 2
= + Mx 2 = M ( + x 2 ) … (ii) Mg
12 1
I
from (i) and (ii) T = 2
C

 2 + 12 x 2
T = 2
12gx
dT d  2 
For T to be minimum =0   + x =0
dx dx  12 

 24
x= = = 2 12 cm.
12 12
 from the top end = 12 - 2 12 = 5.08 cm.
2. A solid cylinder of mass m and radius R is

kept in equilibrium on horizontal rough P k
surface. Three unstretched springs of spring 2k
constant k, 2k, 3k are attached to cylinder as Q
3k
shown in the figure. Find the period of small R/2
oscillations. Given that surface is rough O
enough to prevent slipping of cylinder.
2. If the cylinder rotates by  about B than centre of mass (O) moves by R, P moves by
3R
2R and point Q moves by .
2
Thus by conserving the energy of the system
2
1 1  3R  1 1
k(2R)2 +  2k   + 3k(R)2 + IB2 = cons tan t
2 2  2  2 2
where IB is the moment of inertia of cylinder about point B.
solving we get,
23kR 22 3
+ MR 22 = cons tan t
4 4
Differentiating w.r.t time we get
23 2 d 3 d
kR 2 + MR 2 2 =0
4 dt 4 dt
d 23k
=− 
dt 3m
23 k
 =
3m
3m
 T = 2
23 k
3. A Uniform spring has certain mass suspended from it and its

period for vertical oscillation is T1. The spring is now cut in m
the ratio 2:3 and same mass is suspended from two springs
as shown in fig. Now Time period is T2. Find ratio of T1 / T2.
m m
3. T1 = 2 ; T2 = 2
k ke

5 5 25k
Ke = k+ k =
2 3 6
T1 6
= .
T2 25
4. A rod of mass M and length L is hanged at its upper end

b
and carries a block of mass m at its lower end. A spring a

of force constant K1 is installed at distance a from the K2
hinge and another spring of force constant K2 at a K1 M
distance b as shown in the figure. Find the frequency of
vibration for small angular displacement. m
4. Let spring with constant k1 is extended by a distance y and spring with constant k2 is
compressed by a distance x then
y x ax
=  y=
a b b
energy of the system is constant
1 1 1 1
k 2 x 2 + k1(ax / b)2 + I + mv 2 = cons tan t
2 2 2 2
1 2 2
1 a x 1  M  2 1
2
k 2 x 2 + k1 2 +   + mv 2 = cons tan t
2 2 b 2  3  2
Differentiating w.r.t. time t we get
k 2 + k1(a 2 / b 2 )
=
M
+m
3
5. A block of mass ‘m’ connected by a spring

is kept on a horizontal frictionless floor.
When spring is at its natural length ‘0’ the
a
block is at a distance ‘a’ from the wall. m
Now the block is moved by a distance of m 2a
‘2a’ away from the wall and released. If
[6]
the collision between the block and wall is
elastic, determine the time period of
oscillation ?
5. If the wall is not there it would have performed oscillation with an amplitude of ‘2a’ on
either side. But because of wall on one side it makes oscillation with amplitude ‘2a’ but
on other side it makes oscillation with amplitude ‘a’ and collides elastically with wall and
returns back.
 Time period of oscillation = 2 (Time taken to go from A to B) + 2 (Time taken to go
from B to C)
t
Form B to C : A/2 = A sin t  T= sec.
12
4T
T = TAB + TBC = 2(T/4) + 2(T/12) =
6

4 m 4 m
Tnet = 2 = sec.
6 k 3 k
6. Two identical simple pendulums each of length L are connected by

a weightless spring as shown in figure. The force constant of the
L L
spring is k. In equilibrium, the pendulums are vertical and the
spring is horizontal and un-deformed. Find the time of small k
oscillations of the linked pendulums, when they are deflected from
their equilibrium positions through equal displacements in the
same vertical plane (a) in the same direction, (b) in opposite [4]
direction and then released.
6. When both the pendulums are displaced in the same direction by same amount, the
spring will neither compress nor stretch, so the restoring torque on each pendulum about
the point of suspension will be due to its own weight only.
i.e.,  = - mgl sin  = -mgL [as for small , sin  = ]
L L L  L
 L  L 
k k ky
k ky
y y
mg mg
mg mg
(A) (B) (C)
But as by definition
d2 
 = I = mL2  [as I = mL2 ]
dt
d2  g
so mL2 
= −2 with 2 =
dt L
This is the standard equation of angular SHM with time period T = (2/).
L 1 g
So here T1 = 2 , f1 =
g 2 L
(b) When both the pendulums are displaced in opposite directions by equal amount (say
y), the restoring torque on each pendulum will be due to its own weight and also by
elastic force of the spring which is stretched by 2y (=2L sin ). So the restoring torque
on a pendulum about the point of suspension will be
 = -[mgL sin  + k(2L sin)L] = - [mgL + 2k L2] 
But by definition  = I = mL2 (d2/dt2)
d2  g 2k 
so 2 = − + 
dt L m 
d2   g 2k 
or 2
= - 2 with 2 =  + 
dt L m 
 1  g 2k 
so f2 = =  +  (> f1).
2 2  L m 

7. A solid cylinder attached to a horizontal
massless spring can roll without
M,R
slipping along a horizontal surface.
Show that if the cylinder is displaced R
and released, it executes
S. H. M. Find its time period of
oscillation.
7. At any instant of rolling the cylinder has

rotational and translational kinetic
M,R
energies.
1 1 1   v2  1 R
K(rotational ) = I2 =  MR 2   2  = Mv 2
2 2 2   R  4
1
K( translatio nal ) = Mv 2
2
1
U(potentia l energy of system) = Kx 2
2
3 1
E = Mv 2 + Kx 2 = constant
4 2
dE 3 dv 1 dx  Comparing with a = - 2 .x
= M(2v ) + K( 2 x ) =0
dt 4 dt 2 dt 2k
=
dv  2k  3M
 = − .x
dt  3M  3M
 T = 2
2K
8. A block of mass 'M' is suspended by a light spring of

stiffness k. A bullet of mass 'm' moving upward hits the
block with speed v0 gets embbaded into it. Find k
(a) the maximum speed of the combined mass.

(b) the amplitude of oscillation
M
(c) period of oscillation m
[5+3+2=10]
8. (a) conserving linear momentum we get

mv 0
u= . . . (i)
M+m
conserving energy
2
1  mv 0  1 1 1
(M + m)   + k x 02 = (M + m)v + k( x 0 + x ) - (M + m)g x
2 2
. . . (ii)
2  M + m  2 2 2
Mg (M + m )g
where x0 = and x0 +x =
k k

mg m2 v 02 m2g2
 x= . . . (iii) Put in (ii) & get vman = +
k (m + M)2 (M + m)k
k
(b) Here  = solving the equation we can get the value of v.
(M + m)
m2 v 02 m2g2
v= +
(M + m)2 (M + m)k
 v = A
v m2 v 02k + m2 (m + M)g2
 A= =
 [k(m + M)]3 / 2
2 (M + m)
(c) T = = 2
 k
9. In the arrangement shown in the diagram, the pulleys and the

springs are massless. An inextensible string passes over the k
pulleys and a mass m hangs from it. Calculate the period of small
B
vertical oscillations of the mass m under gravity.
(g = 10 m/s2.)
A m
[6]
9. The total energy of this system can be written :

1
E = - mgxm + k (xB - B)2 k
2
xB
1 1
+ k (h - xA - A)2 + m x m2 ... B
2 2 h
(i) xA xm
A
For pulley A : 2T = k (h - xA - A) m
For pulley B : 2T = k (xB - B)

k
 k (h - xA - A) = k (xB - B)
 xA + xB = const. = c1 (say)
The constraint relation gives,
xm - xB + xA - xB + xA = const.
xA = c3 - xm/4, xB = c2 + xm/4
where c2 c3 are constants.
2 2
1 x  1 x  1
 The total energy is E = - mg xm + k  m + c4  + k m + c5  + m x m2
2  4  2  4  2
k
 the angular frequency,  =
8m
8m
time period = T = 2
k

10. A pendulum clock consists of an iron rod connected to a small heavy bob. If it is
designed to keep correct time at 20C, how fast or slow will it go in 24 hours at 40C.
(iron=12 10-6 /C)
10. Time lost t = 43200  T

= 43200  1.2  10-5  20
= 10.4 sec.
11. A long uniform rod of length L and mass M is free A
to rotate in a vertical plane about a horizontal axis L
through its one end “O”. A spring of force constant
k is connected horizontally between one end of the
• O
rod and ground. When the rod is in equilibrium it is
parallel to the ground (a) what is the period of small
oscillation that result when the rod is rotated
slightly and released (b) what will be the maximum [7]
speed of the displaced end of the rod, if the
amplitude of motion is 0.
11. (a) Restoring torque about “O” due to elastic force of the spring
 = –FL = –kyL (F = ky)
 = –kL 
2 (as y = L)
1 d2 
 = I = ML2 2
3 dt
1 d 
2
2 = −kL2 
3 ML dt 2
d2  3k
2 = − 
dt M
3k M
=  T = 2
M 3k
(b) In angular SHM maximum angular velocity
 d  3k
  =  0  = 0
 dt  max M
v = r(d/dt)
 d  3k
so Vmax = L   = L0
 dt  max M
12. A body of mass 3.14 kg is suspended from one end of b

a wire of length 10 m. The radius of the wire is •
changing uniformly from 9.8  10–4 m at one end to 5 
10–4 m at the other end. Find the change in length of
the wire. Young’s modulus of the material of the wire is
2  1011 N/m2.
a [6]

F/ A b −a b
r
12. Y= , r = b− x •
dy / dx  L 
x x
r = b – tan x 
A =  (b – x tan)2 L dx
L F L dx
 0
dy = 
Y (b − x tan )2
0
a
 L = 10–3m = 0.001 m
13. Two particles execute SHM parallel to x-axis about the origin with the same amplitude
and frequency. At a certain instance they are found at distance A/3 from the origin on
opposite side but their velocities are found toe be in opposite direction. Find the phase
difference between two.
13. We can write for two particles

x1 = A sin t … (i)
x2 = A sin (t + ) …(ii)
x1 = A/3, x2 = -A/3
solving for 
cos  = -1, 7/9
 =  or cos-1 (7/9)
from (i) and (ii)
v1 = A  cos (t)
v2 = A  cos (t + )
for  = , v1 and v2 are of opp.
sign hence  = cos-1 (7/9)
14. In the arrangement shown in the figure,

a heavy pulley of mass M is suspended
from a spring of stiffness k and the mass
m is suspended from a string tightly
wound on the pulley. If the mass m is
given a small downward displacement M R
and released, find the time period of
small oscillations.
[8]
14. Let the initial elongation of the spring in the

equilibrium state be e.
Then Ke = Mg + 2T0 Ke
T0 = mg
 Ke = Mg + 2mg (1) M R
When the mass m is pulled and released, let the
instantaneous displacement of m be x and that of T0
T0
pulley be x/2. m
Mg
Since the total energy during SHM remains
conserved. mg

2 2
1 2 1  v 1 1 x  x
 mv + M  + I 2 + K + e − Mg − mgx = cons tan t
2 2  2 2 2 2  2
2
MR v
 I= and for no slipping + R = v
2 2
2
1  2 M 2 M 2 1  x  x
  mv + v + v  + K + e − Mg − mgx = cons tan t
2 4 8  2 2  2
Differentiating w.r.t. ‘t’, we get
 3  dv x  1 dx Mg dx dx
 m + M v + K + e . − − mg =0 (2)
 8  dt 2  2 dt 2 dt dt
Using equation (1) and (2) and then rearranging we get
dv K
 =− x = − 2 x
dt  8m + 3M 
 
 2 
8m + 3M
 T = 2
2K
15. A uniform disc of mass M=10 kg and radius R = 0.1 m

is hanging vertically with the help of an axle passing C
through its centre. A small amount of mass m = 0.10 M
kg is stuck at the bottom end B near rim of the disc. If 

R
the disc is now given small angular displacement, find B
the period of its oscillations, what is the equivalent
length of simple pendulum.
[4]
15. I = mgR
I
T = 2 …(i)
mgR
1
I = mR2 + MR 2 … (ii)
2
from (i) and (ii)
(m + (M / 2)R
T = 2 .
mg
(m+ (M/ 2)) R
= .
m
16. A uniform disc of mass m and radius r is free to roll on

a horizontal surface as shown in the figure. If the disc
v0
is given an initial velocity v0 in the equilibrium position,
find the time period and amplitude of small oscillations
of the centre of the disc.
[6]

16. During oscillations about the equilibrium position x
1
PE = kx2
2 v
0
1 3
kinetic energy KE = Ip 2 = mv 2
2 4
PE + KE = constant P
1 2 3
kx + mv 2 = cons tan t
2 4
differentiating w.r.t time
dx 3 dv
kx + m( 2v ) = 0
dt 4 dt
from kinematic constraints for rolling motion
dx d2 x dv
= 2v  2
=2
dt dt dt
d2 x 8k 3m
 2
=− x  time period T = 2
dt 3m 8k
 
dx
  = 2v0 = A where  = circular frequency 8k / 3m and A = amplitude
 dt max
of x
 Amplitude of the centre of the disc = A/2 = v0/
3m
= v0 .
8k
17. Two rods of equal cross – section, one of copper and the other of steel, are joined to
form a composite rod. The length of the composite rod at 20°C is 2.0 m. The part of the
composite rod which is made of copper has a length 0.5 m at this temperature. When
the temperature is raised to 120°C the length of the composite rod increases to 2.002 m.
If the composite rod is fixed between two rigid walls and is thus not allowed to expand, it
is found that length of the component rods also do not change with the increase in
temperature. Calculate the Young’s modulus and the coefficient of linear expansion of
steel, Given : Young’s modulus of copper = 1.3  1011 N/m2, coefficient of linear
expansion of copper = 1.6  10–5 /°C
17. • Increase in length of the copper rod due copper steel

to increase of temperature from 20°C to
120°C. F F
1 2
1 = 11T = 0.5  1.6  10–5  100
= 0.0008m
Total increase in length of the
composite rod = 2.002 – 2 = 0.002 m
Therefore increase in length of the steel
rod,
2 = 22 T = 0.002 – 0.0008
= 0.0012 m
0.0012 0.0012
 2 = = = 8  10-6./0C.
 2 T 1.5  100
• When the composite rod is fixed between two rigid supports and temperature is
increased, let F be the force exerted by the supports.

Increase in length of the copper rod due to increase in temperature = 11T
F 1
Decrease in length of the copper rod due to the force exerted by the supported =
Y1 A
Therefore, net increase in length of the copper rod
F 1
11 = 11T -
Y1 A
Similarly, increase in length of the steel rod
F 2
 12 = l22T -
Y2 A
• According to question
1 = 0, 2 = 0
F 1
 11T = . . . (i)
Y1 A
F 2
and 22T = . . . . (ii)
Y2 A
Dividing equation (1) by equation (2) we get,
1 Y
= 2
2 Y1
Therefore, Young’s modules of steel rod
  1.6  10 −5
Y2 =  1  Y1 =  1.3  1011

 2 8  10 −6
= 2.6  1011 N/m2
18. A solid uniform cylinder of mass m performs small

oscillation due to action of two springs of stiffnesses k1 k2
k1 and k2 as shown in the figure. Find the period of
these oscillations in the absence of sliding.
R
m
18. • Let at any moment of time the centre of the

cylinder has a displacement x from its equilibrium k1 A k2
position and its velocity at this moment is v.
Then the displacement of the point A connecting the R

m
two springs will be 2x.
Total mechanical energy of the system at this moment

1 1 1 1
E = k1 (2x)2 + k2  (2x)2 + mv2 + I2
2 2 2 2
2 2
1 1 MR v
= 2 (k1 + k2) x2 + mv 2 + 
2 2 2 R2
3
 E = 2 (k1 + k2) x2 + mv2
4

dE dx 3 dv
• = 4(k 1 + k 2 )x + 2mv
dt dt 4 dt
3 dv
= 4 (k1 + k2)x + mv
2 st
Since, total mechanical energy is constant in S.H.M.
dE
 =0
dt
3 dv
 4 (k1 + k2)x + mv
2 dt
dv 8(k 1 + k 2 )
 =− x
dt 3m
• Comparing this with differential equation of S.H.M
a = - 2x
8(k1 + k 2 )
We can say that, the motion is S.H.M. and  =
3m
2 3m 3m
Time period T = = 2 or, T =  .
 8(k 1 + k 2 ) 2(k1 + k 2 )
19. In the figure shown m1 and m2 are rigidly K

m1 m2
connected to a light spring of stiffness K. the
system is placed on a smooth horizontal surface.
The masses are slightly pulled apart and
released. Find the period of oscillation of the
masses. [8]
19. Let elongation in the string be x

FBD of m2 w.r.t. m1 Kx
m 2Kx
+ m1
–
 F = – Kx – Kx
m2
=–
(m1 + m2 ) Kx
m1 m1m2

d2 x
= –
(m1 + m2 ) Kx
2
dt m1m2
m1m2
T = 2
K (m1 + m2 )
20. The pulley shown in figure has moment of inertia I about its axis
and mass m. Find the time period of vertical oscillation of its k
cetre of mass. The spring has spring constant k and the string
does not slip over the pulley.
I
[10]
20. At equilibrium, let T be the tension in each string.

 The extension x == T/k
2T = mg
2kx = mg
x = mg/2k
so the string is extended by a distance mg/2k. Let the pulley be displaced by x. Then
extension in the string will be 2x.
Energy of the system
2
1 2 1 1  mg 
U= I + mv - mgx + k 
2 + 2x 
2 2 2  2k 
1 I  2 m2g2
= r2 + m  v + 8k + 2kx
2
2  
dU
=0 [ energy is conserved]
dt
 I  dv
 0 =  2 + m v + 4kxv
r  dt
dv 4kx
or =-
dt I
+m
r2
4k
or a = - 2x where 2 =
(I / r ) + m
2
(I / r 2 ) + m
 T = 2 .
4k
21. A thin uniform metallic rod of length 0.5 m and radius 0.1cm rotates with an angular
velocity 400 radian/second in horizontal plane about a vertical axis passing through one
of its ends. Calculate elongation of the rod. The density of the material of the rod is 104
kg/m3 and Young's modulus is 2  1011 N/m2.
21. Consider a small element of the rod. Tension developed in this

element at any distance r from axis of rotation is r dr
 L
A2 2 Tdr P
T=
2
(L − r 2 )  d () =
0 0
Ay  L = 0.5 m
2L3
  = =3.33  10-4 m.
3
22. A solid uniform cylinder of mass M performs small

oscillations due to the action of two springs, each k
M
having stiffness k. Find the period of these
k
oscillations in absence of any sliding (springs have M
their natural length initially).
22. For small angular displacement of cylinder.

The energy of system at small angular displacement  is k
1 1 1 1
E = k(2R)2 + k(R)2 + Mv 2 + I2 M
k
2 2 2 2 
where v is the velocity of centre of mass &  is the angular P
velocity of cylinder.
Since E is constant.
dE
 =0
dt
d d dv d
 4kR2 . + kR 2  + Mv + I =0
dt dt dt dt
 5kR2 + MR2 + I = 0
5kR 2 MR 2
=-  where I =
(MR 2 + I) 2
5kR2
 = 
3 2
MR
2
10 k 3 M
Compare it with  = - 2  Thus 2 = or T = 2 .
3 M 10 K
SHM-III-4Marks
1. A light rod of length 200 cm is suspended from the

ceiling horizontally by means of two vertical wires Brass wire
Steel wire
of equal length tied to its ends. One of the wires is
made of steel and is of cross-sectional area 0.1
cm2 and the other of brass of cross-sectional area
0.2 cm2. Along the rod at which distance may a
weight be hung to produce (i) equal stresses in W
both the wires (ii) equal strains in both the wires.
Ybrass = 10  1011 dyne/cm2

Ysteel = 20  1011 dyne/cm2
1. (i) For equal stress
T1 T
= 2 Steel wire Brass wire
A1 A 2 T1 T2
T1 A1 0.1
= =
T2 A 2 0.2 x
T2 = 2T1 W
Also T1 + T2 = W
Hence T1 = W/3
T2 = 2W/3
For rotational equilibrium
W.x – 2.T2 = 0
(T1 + T2)x – 2T2 = 0
4
solving x = m
3
(ii) As strains are equal
T1 T2
=
A1Y1 A 2 Y2
T1 AY 0.1 20  1011
= 1 1 = =1
T2 A 2 Y2 0.2  10  1011
 T1 = T2
W
Now, T1 + T2 = W  T1 = T2 =
2
And W.X – T2 . 2 = 0
 X = 1m
2. Two rods of different metals having the same area of cross-section A, are placed end to
end between two massive walls as shown in the figure. The first rod has a length 1, co-
efficient of linear expansion 1 and Young’s modulus of elasticity Y1. The corresponding
quantities for second rod are 2, 2 and Y2 respectively. The temperature of both the
rods is now raised by T degrees.
(i) Find the force with which the rods act on each other at the higher temperature in
terms of the given quantities.
(ii) Also find the individual lengths of the rods at the higher temperature.
Assume there is no change in the area of cross-section of the rods and rods do not bend. There
2. (i) Increase in length of composite rod due to heating

(L)increase = (L11 + L22)T L1 L2
Due to compressive forces from walls, decrease in
length 1y1 2y2
L L F
(L)decrease =  1 + 2 
 Y1 Y2  A
As the length of the composite rod remains unchanged,
here
F  L1 L 2 
 +  = L11 + L 2 2 T
A  Y1 Y2 
A(L11 + L 2 2 )T
F=
 L1 L 2 
 + 
 Y1 Y2 
(ii) For first rod
Original length = L1
Increases in length = L1 1T
FL1
Decreases in length =
AY1
FL1
 Final length of first rod = [L1 + L11T - ]
AY1
F
= L1 [1 + 1T - ]
AY1
F
similarly, final length of second rod =L2 [1 + 2T - ]
AY2
3. Two particles execute SHM parallel to x-axis about the origin with the same amplitude
and frequency. At a certain instance they are found at distance A/3 from the origin on
opposite side but their velocities are found to be in opposite direction. Find the phase
difference between the two. [6]
3. We can write for two particles

x1 = A sin t … (i)
x2 = A sin (t + ) …(ii)
x1 = A/3, x2 = -A/3
solving for 

cos  = -1, 7/9
 =  or cos-1 (7/9)
from (i) and (ii)
v1 = A  cos (t)
v2 = A  cos (t + )
for  = , v1 and v2 are of opp.
sign hence  = cos-1 (7/9)
4. A massless spring of spring constant k0 is cut into four

equal parts and connected to M. Mass M is released
from rest, when springs are in their natural length. Find
the maximum elongation of the springs.
M
[4]
4. Let stiffness of original spring = k0 and stiffness of each cut spring = k

1 1 1 1 1
 + + + =  k = 4k0
k k k k k0
Final effective stiffness of the spring system, Keff = 4k = 16k0
2Mg 2Mg Mg
Final maximum elongation in the spring xf = = = .
k eff 16k 0 8k 0
5. The displacement of the medium in a sound wave is given by the equation:
y = A cos (ax + bt) where A, a, b are +ve constants.
The wave is partially reflected by a denser medium at x = 0. The intensity of the reflected
wave is 0.49 times that of the incident wave.
(i) Write the equation for the reflected wave.
(ii) Express the resultant wave as a superposition of a standing wave and a travelling
wave
5. (i) Amplitude of the reflected wave = 0.49 A = 0.7A

As the reflecting surface is a denser medium there will be a phase change of . Also,
the
direction of propagation will be reversed. Hence the equation of the reflected wave
will be
y = 0.7A cos (–ax + bt + )
or y = – 0.7A cos (bt – ax)
(ii) Resultant wave

y = A cos (ax + bt) – 0.7A cos (bt – ax)
y = 0.3A cos (ax + bt) – 1.4A sinax sinbt
First term represents a progressive wave where as the second one is a standing
wave.
6. A train P crosses a station with speed 20 ms−1 and whistles a short pulse of natural
frequency
n0 = 1570 Hz at t = 0. Another train B is approaching towards the same station with
retardation 8 ms−2 along a parallel track. Two tracks are d = 99 m apart. When train A
whistles, train B is 140 m away from the station and listen the pulse at t = 0.5 sec. If the

velocity of sound in air is v = 330 ms−1, calculate frequency of the pulse heard by driver
of train B.
6. AC2 = AD2 + DC2 P •t = 0
A 
(v. t) = d + (s – x)
2 2 2
Station
1 1 1
(330  )2 = (99)2 + (140 – u  + 8 d
2 2 2 t=t
Q
1 2 D • B•Q
) C t=0
4 s-x x= ut- (1/2)at
2
u = 18 ms−1
1
Hence speed of the train at t = sec.
2
1
vt = u – at = 18 – 8  = 14 ms−1
2
2
1 1  1
x =18  - 8   =8m
2 2 2
Hence frequency of pulse heard by driver of train B
 330 + 14  cos  
= 1570   = 1706 Hz.
 330 − 20  cos  
7. A uniform string is clamped at x = 0and x = Land is vibrating in its fundamental mode.

Mass per unit length of the string is , tension in it is T and the maximum displacement
of its midpoint is A. Find the total energy stored in the string. Assume A to be small so
that changes in tension and length of the string can be ignored.
7. The displacement of the string in its fundamental mode is

 x 
y ( x,t ) = A sin   sin t
 L 
Consider an element dx at position x. Its mass is dm=dx and it oscillates in a simple
 x 
harmonic motion with an amplitude A sin   and angular frequency . Its energy is
 L 
2
x
( dx ) 2  A sin 
( )
1
dE =
2  L 
 T
Using  = ,
L 
2 A 2 T  x 
dE = sin2   dx
 L 
2
2L y A
Hence the total energy stored in the string is X=0 X=L
2 A 2 T 2  x  2 A 2 T
L
 dE =
2L2 0
sin  L 
 
dx =
4L

Simple Harmonic Motion (Practice Questions)

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SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION (BOARD LEVEL)

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

 enet = 0.8  0.2 = 1  10-3

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES || NEWTONCLASSES.NET 1

6. A body of mass 1 kg is executing SHM which is given by x = 6 cos(100 t + /4) cm.

6. x = 6 cos (100 t + /4) cm given.

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES || NEWTONCLASSES.NET 2

8. y2 = 5 sin 3 t + 53 cos 3t

9. x = 6 cos (100 t + /4) cm given.

1. In the adjacent figure what is the maximum

3. A uniform heavy rod of weight W, cross sectional area A and

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5. A block of mass m is connected to two springs of

minimum normal reaction F = mg - mA2 > 0 m A2

10. As it starts from rest, equation of motion x = A cos t

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2. A solid cylinder (cross-sectional area A , length  and 0

density 0 ) floats on the surface of a liquid of density

3. u(x) = u0 (1 - cos xc) given

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES || NEWTONCLASSES.NET 8

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES || NEWTONCLASSES.NET 9

(c) v = 100 (cos 20 t + /3)

4. With the assumption of no slipping, determine the

(b) Maximum acceleration of SHM is

5. A spring mass system is shown in the x0

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(b) The general solution for SHM of the block is

6. When the disc is rotated through an angle

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES || NEWTONCLASSES.NET 11

9. x = 6 cos (100 t + /4) cm given.

= - 100 [62 sin2 (100 t +  / 4)]

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10. Two light wires made up of same material (Young

1. Let axis is at a distance of ‘x’ from centre of mass. x

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2. A solid cylinder of mass m and radius R is

3. A Uniform spring has certain mass suspended from it and its

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4. A rod of mass M and length L is hanged at its upper end

5. A block of mass ‘m’ connected by a spring

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6. Two identical simple pendulums each of length L are connected by

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES || NEWTONCLASSES.NET 16

7. At any instant of rolling the cylinder has

8. A block of mass 'M' is suspended by a light spring of

(a) the maximum speed of the combined mass.

8. (a) conserving linear momentum we get

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES || NEWTONCLASSES.NET 17

9. In the arrangement shown in the diagram, the pulleys and the

9. The total energy of this system can be written :

For pulley B : 2T = k (xB - B)

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10. Time lost t = 43200  T

12. A body of mass 3.14 kg is suspended from one end of b

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES || NEWTONCLASSES.NET 19

13. We can write for two particles

14. In the arrangement shown in the figure,

14. Let the initial elongation of the spring in the

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES || NEWTONCLASSES.NET 20

15. A uniform disc of mass M=10 kg and radius R = 0.1 m

kg is stuck at the bottom end B near rim of the disc. If 

16. A uniform disc of mass m and radius r is free to roll on

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES || NEWTONCLASSES.NET 21

17. • Increase in length of the copper rod due copper steel

RK MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES || NEWTONCLASSES.NET 22

= 2.6  1011 N/m2

18. A solid uniform cylinder of mass m performs small