With the expansion of human

As economies boom and population increases, the demand for water necessarily expands. Water

insecurity affects over one billion people worldwide. In the Philippines alone, studies show that in the near

future, the volume of water available may be almost exceeded by such growing demand. (Biswas, 2006).

Among the Southeast Asian countries, the Philippines was observed to have the highest total water

withdrawals in 1990. Projections up to 2025 show that the Philippines will still have the highest withdrawal

as a percentage of annual water resources among Southeast Asian countries. The Philippines is aware of

this situation and has come up with a National Water Resources Management Master Plan based on Japan

International Cooperation Agency (JICA)/ National Water Resources Board (NWRB) 1998 study. The plan

has two components: a) development of water resources to meet increasing water demand; and b)

strengthening of the water management institution. In the urban centers of the country, serious problems

are now being felt. Metro Manila, Metro Cebu, and Baguio City are found to have most critical water

balance conditions (Rola et. al., 2004).

Baguio City is a small urban area located approximately 250 kilometers north of Metro Manila and

1,500 m above sea level and is the most urbanized city in the Cordillera region. Dubbed as the ‘summer

capital’ of the Philippines, it is a major tourist destination for foreign and local visitors (Cienca et al 2016).

Aside from being a tourist destination, it has also attracted a lot of students with its universities and colleges,

adding to its uncontrolled population growth. Baguio has undeniably evolved into a highly urbanized

regional center.

Rapid population growth and urban expansion has led to problem in the city’s natural resources

including its water supply. Baguio City’s water supply situation has become a serious matter. No running

water is available due to low water pressure, especially in elevated areas. The Baguio City Water District

(BWD) has been facing problems caused by deterioratsed water supply system and insufficient water supply

capacities (Rola et al. 2004).

Currently, seven of the city’s

 With the expansion of human

As economies boom and population increases, the demand for water necessarily expands. Water

insecurity affects over one billion people worldwide. In the Philippines alone, studies show that in the near

future, the volume of water available may be almost exceeded by such growing demand. (Biswas, 2006).

Among the Southeast Asian countries, the Philippines was observed to have the highest total water

withdrawals in 1990. Projections up to 2025 show that the Philippines will still have the highest withdrawal

as a percentage of annual water resources among Southeast Asian countries. The Philippines is aware of

this situation and has come up with a National Water Resources Management Master Plan based on Japan

International Cooperation Agency (JICA)/ National Water Resources Board (NWRB) 1998 study. The plan

has two components: a) development of water resources to meet increasing water demand; and b)

strengthening of the water management institution. In the urban centers of the country, serious problems

are now being felt. Metro Manila, Metro Cebu, and Baguio City are found to have most critical water

balance conditions (Rola et. al., 2004).

Baguio City is a small urban area located approximately 250 kilometers north of Metro Manila and

1,500 m above sea level and is the most urbanized city in the Cordillera region. Dubbed as the ‘summer

capital’ of the Philippines, it is a major tourist destination for foreign and local visitors (Cienca et al 2016).

Aside from being a tourist destination, it has also attracted a lot of students with its universities and colleges,

adding to its uncontrolled population growth. Baguio has undeniably evolved into a highly urbanized

regional center.

Rapid population growth and urban expansion has led to problem in the city’s natural resources

including its water supply. Baguio City’s water supply situation has become a serious matter. No running

water is available due to low water pressure, especially in elevated areas. The Baguio City Water District

(BWD) has been facing problems caused by deterioratsed water supply system and insufficient water supply

capacities (Rola et al. 2004).

Currently, seven of the city’s

With the expansion of human

 As economies boom and population increases, the demand for water necessarily expands. Water

insecurity affects over one billion people worldwide. In the Philippines alone, studies show that in the near

future, the volume of water available may be almost exceeded by such growing demand. (Biswas, 2006).

Among the Southeast Asian countries, the Philippines was observed to have the highest total water

withdrawals in 1990. Projections up to 2025 show that the Philippines will still have the highest withdrawal

as a percentage of annual water resources among Southeast Asian countries. The Philippines is aware of

this situation and has come up with a National Water Resources Management Master Plan based on Japan

International Cooperation Agency (JICA)/ National Water Resources Board (NWRB) 1998 study. The plan

has two components: a) development of water resources to meet increasing water demand; and b)

strengthening of the water management institution. In the urban centers of the country, serious problems

are now being felt. Metro Manila, Metro Cebu, and Baguio City are found to have most critical water

balance conditions (Rola et. al., 2004).

Baguio City is a small urban area located approximately 250 kilometers north of Metro Manila and

1,500 m above sea level and is the most urbanized city in the Cordillera region. Dubbed as the ‘summer

capital’ of the Philippines, it is a major tourist destination for foreign and local visitors (Cienca et al 2016).

Aside from being a tourist destination, it has also attracted a lot of students with its universities and colleges,

adding to its uncontrolled population growth. Baguio has undeniably evolved into a highly urbanized

regional center.

Rapid population growth and urban expansion has led to problem in the city’s natural resources

including its water supply. Baguio City’s water supply situation has become a serious matter. No running

water is available due to low water pressure, especially in elevated areas. The Baguio City Water District

(BWD) has been facing problems caused by deterioratsed water supply system and insufficient water supply

capacities (Rola et al. 2004).

Currently, seven of the city’s

With the expansion of human

As economies boom and population increases, the demand for water necessarily expands. Water

insecurity affects over one billion people worldwide. In the Philippines alone, studies show that in the near

future, the volume of water available may be almost exceeded by such growing demand. (Biswas, 2006).

Among the Southeast Asian countries, the Philippines was observed to have the highest total water

withdrawals in 1990. Projections up to 2025 show that the Philippines will still have the highest withdrawal

as a percentage of annual water resources among Southeast Asian countries. The Philippines is aware of
this situation and has come up with a National Water Resources Management Master Plan based on Japan

International Cooperation Agency (JICA)/ National Water Resources Board (NWRB) 1998 study. The plan

has two components: a) development of water resources to meet increasing water demand; and b)

strengthening of the water management institution. In the urban centers of the country, serious problems

are now being felt. Metro Manila, Metro Cebu, and Baguio City are found to have most critical water

balance conditions (Rola et. al., 2004).

Baguio City is a small urban area located approximately 250 kilometers north of Metro Manila and

1,500 m above sea level and is the most urbanized city in the Cordillera region. Dubbed as the ‘summer

capital’ of the Philippines, it is a major tourist destination for foreign and local visitors (Cienca et al 2016).

Aside from being a tourist destination, it has also attracted a lot of students with its universities and colleges,

adding to its uncontrolled population growth. Baguio has undeniably evolved into a highly urbanized

regional center.

Rapid population growth and urban expansion has led to problem in the city’s natural resources

including its water supply. Baguio City’s water supply situation has become a serious matter. No running

water is available due to low water pressure, especially in elevated areas. The Baguio City Water District

(BWD) has been facing problems caused by deterioratsed water supply system and insufficient water supply

capacities (Rola et al. 2004).

Currently, seven of the city’s

With the expansion of human

As economies boom and population increases, the demand for water necessarily expands. Water

insecurity affects over one billion people worldwide. In the Philippines alone, studies show that in the near

future, the volume of water available may be almost exceeded by such growing demand. (Biswas, 2006).

Among the Southeast Asian countries, the Philippines was observed to have the highest total water

withdrawals in 1990. Projections up to 2025 show that the Philippines will still have the highest withdrawal

as a percentage of annual water resources among Southeast Asian countries. The Philippines is aware of

this situation and has come up with a National Water Resources Management Master Plan based on Japan

International Cooperation Agency (JICA)/ National Water Resources Board (NWRB) 1998 study. The plan

has two components: a) development of water resources to meet increasing water demand; and b)

strengthening of the water management institution. In the urban centers of the country, serious problems

are now being felt. Metro Manila, Metro Cebu, and Baguio City are found to have most critical water

balance conditions (Rola et. al., 2004).

 Baguio City is a small urban area located approximately 250 kilometers north of Metro Manila and

1,500 m above sea level and is the most urbanized city in the Cordillera region. Dubbed as the ‘summer

capital’ of the Philippines, it is a major tourist destination for foreign and local visitors (Cienca et al 2016).

Aside from being a tourist destination, it has also attracted a lot of students with its universities and colleges,

adding to its uncontrolled population growth. Baguio has undeniably evolved into a highly urbanized

regional center.

Rapid population growth and urban expansion has led to problem in the city’s natural resources

including its water supply. Baguio City’s water supply situation has become a serious matter. No running

water is available due to low water pressure, especially in elevated areas. The Baguio City Water District

(BWD) has been facing problems caused by deterioratsed water supply system and insufficient water supply

capacities (Rola et al. 2004).

Currently, seven of the city’s

With the expansion of human

As economies boom and population increases, the demand for water necessarily expands. Water

insecurity affects over one billion people worldwide. In the Philippines alone, studies show that in the near

future, the volume of water available may be almost exceeded by such growing demand. (Biswas, 2006).

Among the Southeast Asian countries, the Philippines was observed to have the highest total water

withdrawals in 1990. Projections up to 2025 show that the Philippines will still have the highest withdrawal

as a percentage of annual water resources among Southeast Asian countries. The Philippines is aware of

this situation and has come up with a National Water Resources Management Master Plan based on Japan

International Cooperation Agency (JICA)/ National Water Resources Board (NWRB) 1998 study. The plan

has two components: a) development of water resources to meet increasing water demand; and b)

strengthening of the water management institution. In the urban centers of the country, serious problems

are now being felt. Metro Manila, Metro Cebu, and Baguio City are found to have most critical water

balance conditions (Rola et. al., 2004).

Baguio City is a small urban area located approximately 250 kilometers north of Metro Manila and

1,500 m above sea level and is the most urbanized city in the Cordillera region. Dubbed as the ‘summer

capital’ of the Philippines, it is a major tourist destination for foreign and local visitors (Cienca et al 2016).

Aside from being a tourist destination, it has also attracted a lot of students with its universities and colleges,

adding to its uncontrolled population growth. Baguio has undeniably evolved into a highly urbanized

regional center.
 Rapid population growth and urban expansion has led to problem in the city’s natural resources

including its water supply. Baguio City’s water supply situation has become a serious matter. No running

water is available due to low water pressure, especially in elevated areas. The Baguio City Water District

(BWD) has been facing problems caused by deterioratsed water supply system and insufficient water supply

capacities (Rola et al. 2004).

Currently, seven of the city’s

With the expansion of human

As economies boom and population increases, the demand for water necessarily expands. Water

insecurity affects over one billion people worldwide. In the Philippines alone, studies show that in the near

future, the volume of water available may be almost exceeded by such growing demand. (Biswas, 2006).

Among the Southeast Asian countries, the Philippines was observed to have the highest total water

withdrawals in 1990. Projections up to 2025 show that the Philippines will still have the highest withdrawal

as a percentage of annual water resources among Southeast Asian countries. The Philippines is aware of

this situation and has come up with a National Water Resources Management Master Plan based on Japan

International Cooperation Agency (JICA)/ National Water Resources Board (NWRB) 1998 study. The plan

has two components: a) development of water resources to meet increasing water demand; and b)

strengthening of the water management institution. In the urban centers of the country, serious problems

are now being felt. Metro Manila, Metro Cebu, and Baguio City are found to have most critical water

balance conditions (Rola et. al., 2004).

Baguio City is a small urban area located approximately 250 kilometers north of Metro Manila and

1,500 m above sea level and is the most urbanized city in the Cordillera region. Dubbed as the ‘summer

capital’ of the Philippines, it is a major tourist destination for foreign and local visitors (Cienca et al 2016).

Aside from being a tourist destination, it has also attracted a lot of students with its universities and colleges,

adding to its uncontrolled population growth. Baguio has undeniably evolved into a highly urbanized

regional center.

Rapid population growth and urban expansion has led to problem in the city’s natural resources

including its water supply. Baguio City’s water supply situation has become a serious matter. No running

water is available due to low water pressure, especially in elevated areas. The Baguio City Water District

(BWD) has been facing problems caused by deterioratsed water supply system and insufficient water supply

capacities (Rola et al. 2004).

Currently, seven of the city’s

 With the expansion of human

As economies boom and population increases, the demand for water necessarily expands. Water

insecurity affects over one billion people worldwide. In the Philippines alone, studies show that in the near

future, the volume of water available may be almost exceeded by such growing demand. (Biswas, 2006).

Among the Southeast Asian countries, the Philippines was observed to have the highest total water

withdrawals in 1990. Projections up to 2025 show that the Philippines will still have the highest withdrawal

as a percentage of annual water resources among Southeast Asian countries. The Philippines is aware of

this situation and has come up with a National Water Resources Management Master Plan based on Japan

International Cooperation Agency (JICA)/ National Water Resources Board (NWRB) 1998 study. The plan

has two components: a) development of water resources to meet increasing water demand; and b)

strengthening of the water management institution. In the urban centers of the country, serious problems

are now being felt. Metro Manila, Metro Cebu, and Baguio City are found to have most critical water

balance conditions (Rola et. al., 2004).

Baguio City is a small urban area located approximately 250 kilometers north of Metro Manila and

1,500 m above sea level and is the most urbanized city in the Cordillera region. Dubbed as the ‘summer

capital’ of the Philippines, it is a major tourist destination for foreign and local visitors (Cienca et al 2016).

Aside from being a tourist destination, it has also attracted a lot of students with its universities and colleges,

adding to its uncontrolled population growth. Baguio has undeniably evolved into a highly urbanized

regional center.

Rapid population growth and urban expansion has led to problem in the city’s natural resources

including its water supply. Baguio City’s water supply situation has become a serious matter. No running

water is available due to low water pressure, especially in elevated areas. The Baguio City Water District

(BWD) has been facing problems caused by deterioratsed water supply system and insufficient water supply

capacities (Rola et al. 2004).

Currently, seven of the city’s

With the expansion of human

As economies boom and population increases, the demand for water necessarily expands. Water

insecurity affects over one billion people worldwide. In the Philippines alone, studies show that in the near

future, the volume of water available may be almost exceeded by such growing demand. (Biswas, 2006).

Among the Southeast Asian countries, the Philippines was observed to have the highest total water

withdrawals in 1990. Projections up to 2025 show that the Philippines will still have the highest withdrawal
as a percentage of annual water resources among Southeast Asian countries. The Philippines is aware of

this situation and has come up with a National Water Resources Management Master Plan based on Japan

International Cooperation Agency (JICA)/ National Water Resources Board (NWRB) 1998 study. The plan

has two components: a) development of water resources to meet increasing water demand; and b)

strengthening of the water management institution. In the urban centers of the country, serious problems

are now being felt. Metro Manila, Metro Cebu, and Baguio City are found to have most critical water

balance conditions (Rola et. al., 2004).

Baguio City is a small urban area located approximately 250 kilometers north of Metro Manila and

1,500 m above sea level and is the most urbanized city in the Cordillera region. Dubbed as the ‘summer

capital’ of the Philippines, it is a major tourist destination for foreign and local visitors (Cienca et al 2016).

Aside from being a tourist destination, it has also attracted a lot of students with its universities and colleges,

adding to its uncontrolled population growth. Baguio has undeniably evolved into a highly urbanized

regional center.

Rapid population growth and urban expansion has led to problem in the city’s natural resources

including its water supply. Baguio City’s water supply situation has become a serious matter. No running

water is available due to low water pressure, especially in elevated areas. The Baguio City Water District

(BWD) has been facing problems caused by deterioratsed water supply system and insufficient water supply

capacities (Rola et al. 2004).

Currently, seven of the city’s

With the expansion of human

As economies boom and population increases, the demand for water necessarily expands. Water

insecurity affects over one billion people worldwide. In the Philippines alone, studies show that in the near

future, the volume of water available may be almost exceeded by such growing demand. (Biswas, 2006).

Among the Southeast Asian countries, the Philippines was observed to have the highest total water

withdrawals in 1990. Projections up to 2025 show that the Philippines will still have the highest withdrawal

as a percentage of annual water resources among Southeast Asian countries. The Philippines is aware of

this situation and has come up with a National Water Resources Management Master Plan based on Japan

International Cooperation Agency (JICA)/ National Water Resources Board (NWRB) 1998 study. The plan

has two components: a) development of water resources to meet increasing water demand; and b)

strengthening of the water management institution. In the urban centers of the country, serious problems
are now being felt. Metro Manila, Metro Cebu, and Baguio City are found to have most critical water

balance conditions (Rola et. al., 2004).

Baguio City is a small urban area located approximately 250 kilometers north of Metro Manila and

1,500 m above sea level and is the most urbanized city in the Cordillera region. Dubbed as the ‘summer

capital’ of the Philippines, it is a major tourist destination for foreign and local visitors (Cienca et al 2016).

Aside from being a tourist destination, it has also attracted a lot of students with its universities and colleges,

adding to its uncontrolled population growth. Baguio has undeniably evolved into a highly urbanized

regional center.

Rapid population growth and urban expansion has led to problem in the city’s natural resources

including its water supply. Baguio City’s water supply situation has become a serious matter. No running

water is available due to low water pressure, especially in elevated areas. The Baguio City Water District

(BWD) has been facing problems caused by deterioratsed water supply system and insufficient water supply

capacities (Rola et al. 2004).

Currently, seven of the city’s

With the expansion of human

As economies boom and population increases, the demand for water necessarily expands. Water

insecurity affects over one billion people worldwide. In the Philippines alone, studies show that in the near

future, the volume of water available may be almost exceeded by such growing demand. (Biswas, 2006).

Among the Southeast Asian countries, the Philippines was observed to have the highest total water

withdrawals in 1990. Projections up to 2025 show that the Philippines will still have the highest withdrawal

as a percentage of annual water resources among Southeast Asian countries. The Philippines is aware of

this situation and has come up with a National Water Resources Management Master Plan based on Japan

International Cooperation Agency (JICA)/ National Water Resources Board (NWRB) 1998 study. The plan

has two components: a) development of water resources to meet increasing water demand; and b)

strengthening of the water management institution. In the urban centers of the country, serious problems

are now being felt. Metro Manila, Metro Cebu, and Baguio City are found to have most critical water

balance conditions (Rola et. al., 2004).

Baguio City is a small urban area located approximately 250 kilometers north of Metro Manila and

1,500 m above sea level and is the most urbanized city in the Cordillera region. Dubbed as the ‘summer

capital’ of the Philippines, it is a major tourist destination for foreign and local visitors (Cienca et al 2016).

Aside from being a tourist destination, it has also attracted a lot of students with its universities and colleges,
adding to its uncontrolled population growth. Baguio has undeniably evolved into a highly urbanized

regional center.

Rapid population growth and urban expansion has led to problem in the city’s natural resources

including its water supply. Baguio City’s water supply situation has become a serious matter. No running

water is available due to low water pressure, especially in elevated areas. The Baguio City Water District

(BWD) has been facing problems caused by deterioratsed water supply system and insufficient water supply

capacities (Rola et al. 2004).

Currently, seven of the city’s

With the expansion of human

As economies boom and population increases, the demand for water necessarily expands. Water

insecurity affects over one billion people worldwide. In the Philippines alone, studies show that in the near

future, the volume of water available may be almost exceeded by such growing demand. (Biswas, 2006).

Among the Southeast Asian countries, the Philippines was observed to have the highest total water

withdrawals in 1990. Projections up to 2025 show that the Philippines will still have the highest withdrawal

as a percentage of annual water resources among Southeast Asian countries. The Philippines is aware of

this situation and has come up with a National Water Resources Management Master Plan based on Japan

International Cooperation Agency (JICA)/ National Water Resources Board (NWRB) 1998 study. The plan

has two components: a) development of water resources to meet increasing water demand; and b)

strengthening of the water management institution. In the urban centers of the country, serious problems

are now being felt. Metro Manila, Metro Cebu, and Baguio City are found to have most critical water

balance conditions (Rola et. al., 2004).

Baguio City is a small urban area located approximately 250 kilometers north of Metro Manila and

1,500 m above sea level and is the most urbanized city in the Cordillera region. Dubbed as the ‘summer

capital’ of the Philippines, it is a major tourist destination for foreign and local visitors (Cienca et al 2016).

Aside from being a tourist destination, it has also attracted a lot of students with its universities and colleges,

adding to its uncontrolled population growth. Baguio has undeniably evolved into a highly urbanized

regional center.

Rapid population growth and urban expansion has led to problem in the city’s natural resources

including its water supply. Baguio City’s water supply situation has become a serious matter. No running

water is available due to low water pressure, especially in elevated areas. The Baguio City Water District
(BWD) has been facing problems caused by deterioratsed water supply system and insufficient water supply

capacities (Rola et al. 2004).

Currently, seven of the city’s

With the expansion of human

As economies boom and population increases, the demand for water necessarily expands. Water

insecurity affects over one billion people worldwide. In the Philippines alone, studies show that in the near

future, the volume of water available may be almost exceeded by such growing demand. (Biswas, 2006).

Among the Southeast Asian countries, the Philippines was observed to have the highest total water

withdrawals in 1990. Projections up to 2025 show that the Philippines will still have the highest withdrawal

as a percentage of annual water resources among Southeast Asian countries. The Philippines is aware of

this situation and has come up with a National Water Resources Management Master Plan based on Japan

International Cooperation Agency (JICA)/ National Water Resources Board (NWRB) 1998 study. The plan

has two components: a) development of water resources to meet increasing water demand; and b)

strengthening of the water management institution. In the urban centers of the country, serious problems

are now being felt. Metro Manila, Metro Cebu, and Baguio City are found to have most critical water

balance conditions (Rola et. al., 2004).

Baguio City is a small urban area located approximately 250 kilometers north of Metro Manila and

1,500 m above sea level and is the most urbanized city in the Cordillera region. Dubbed as the ‘summer

capital’ of the Philippines, it is a major tourist destination for foreign and local visitors (Cienca et al 2016).

Aside from being a tourist destination, it has also attracted a lot of students with its universities and colleges,

adding to its uncontrolled population growth. Baguio has undeniably evolved into a highly urbanized

regional center.

Rapid population growth and urban expansion has led to problem in the city’s natural resources

including its water supply. Baguio City’s water supply situation has become a serious matter. No running

water is available due to low water pressure, especially in elevated areas. The Baguio City Water District

(BWD) has been facing problems caused by deterioratsed water supply system and insufficient water supply

capacities (Rola et al. 2004).

Currently, seven of the city’s

With the expansion of human

 As economies boom and population increases, the demand for water necessarily expands. Water

insecurity affects over one billion people worldwide. In the Philippines alone, studies show that in the near

future, the volume of water available may be almost exceeded by such growing demand. (Biswas, 2006).

Among the Southeast Asian countries, the Philippines was observed to have the highest total water

withdrawals in 1990. Projections up to 2025 show that the Philippines will still have the highest withdrawal

as a percentage of annual water resources among Southeast Asian countries. The Philippines is aware of

this situation and has come up with a National Water Resources Management Master Plan based on Japan

International Cooperation Agency (JICA)/ National Water Resources Board (NWRB) 1998 study. The plan

has two components: a) development of water resources to meet increasing water demand; and b)

strengthening of the water management institution. In the urban centers of the country, serious problems

are now being felt. Metro Manila, Metro Cebu, and Baguio City are found to have most critical water

balance conditions (Rola et. al., 2004).

Baguio City is a small urban area located approximately 250 kilometers north of Metro Manila and

1,500 m above sea level and is the most urbanized city in the Cordillera region. Dubbed as the ‘summer

capital’ of the Philippines, it is a major tourist destination for foreign and local visitors (Cienca et al 2016).

Aside from being a tourist destination, it has also attracted a lot of students with its universities and colleges,

adding to its uncontrolled population growth. Baguio has undeniably evolved into a highly urbanized

regional center.

Rapid population growth and urban expansion has led to problem in the city’s natural resources

including its water supply. Baguio City’s water supply situation has become a serious matter. No running

water is available due to low water pressure, especially in elevated areas. The Baguio City Water District

(BWD) has been facing problems caused by deterioratsed water supply system and insufficient water supply

capacities (Rola et al. 2004).

Currently, seven of the city’s

With the expansion of human

As economies boom and population increases, the demand for water necessarily expands. Water

insecurity affects over one billion people worldwide. In the Philippines alone, studies show that in the near

future, the volume of water available may be almost exceeded by such growing demand. (Biswas, 2006).

Among the Southeast Asian countries, the Philippines was observed to have the highest total water

withdrawals in 1990. Projections up to 2025 show that the Philippines will still have the highest withdrawal

as a percentage of annual water resources among Southeast Asian countries. The Philippines is aware of
this situation and has come up with a National Water Resources Management Master Plan based on Japan

International Cooperation Agency (JICA)/ National Water Resources Board (NWRB) 1998 study. The plan

has two components: a) development of water resources to meet increasing water demand; and b)

strengthening of the water management institution. In the urban centers of the country, serious problems

are now being felt. Metro Manila, Metro Cebu, and Baguio City are found to have most critical water

balance conditions (Rola et. al., 2004).

Baguio City is a small urban area located approximately 250 kilometers north of Metro Manila and

1,500 m above sea level and is the most urbanized city in the Cordillera region. Dubbed as the ‘summer

capital’ of the Philippines, it is a major tourist destination for foreign and local visitors (Cienca et al 2016).

Aside from being a tourist destination, it has also attracted a lot of students with its universities and colleges,

adding to its uncontrolled population growth. Baguio has undeniably evolved into a highly urbanized

regional center.

Rapid population growth and urban expansion has led to problem in the city’s natural resources

including its water supply. Baguio City’s water supply situation has become a serious matter. No running

water is available due to low water pressure, especially in elevated areas. The Baguio City Water District

(BWD) has been facing problems caused by deterioratsed water supply system and insufficient water supply

capacities (Rola et al. 2004).

Currently, seven of the city’s

With the expansion of human

As economies boom and population increases, the demand for water necessarily expands. Water

insecurity affects over one billion people worldwide. In the Philippines alone, studies show that in the near

future, the volume of water available may be almost exceeded by such growing demand. (Biswas, 2006).

Among the Southeast Asian countries, the Philippines was observed to have the highest total water

withdrawals in 1990. Projections up to 2025 show that the Philippines will still have the highest withdrawal

as a percentage of annual water resources among Southeast Asian countries. The Philippines is aware of

this situation and has come up with a National Water Resources Management Master Plan based on Japan

International Cooperation Agency (JICA)/ National Water Resources Board (NWRB) 1998 study. The plan

has two components: a) development of water resources to meet increasing water demand; and b)

strengthening of the water management institution. In the urban centers of the country, serious problems

are now being felt. Metro Manila, Metro Cebu, and Baguio City are found to have most critical water

balance conditions (Rola et. al., 2004).

 Baguio City is a small urban area located approximately 250 kilometers north of Metro Manila and

1,500 m above sea level and is the most urbanized city in the Cordillera region. Dubbed as the ‘summer

capital’ of the Philippines, it is a major tourist destination for foreign and local visitors (Cienca et al 2016).

Aside from being a tourist destination, it has also attracted a lot of students with its universities and colleges,

adding to its uncontrolled population growth. Baguio has undeniably evolved into a highly urbanized

regional center.

Rapid population growth and urban expansion has led to problem in the city’s natural resources

including its water supply. Baguio City’s water supply situation has become a serious matter. No running

water is available due to low water pressure, especially in elevated areas. The Baguio City Water District

(BWD) has been facing problems caused by deterioratsed water supply system and insufficient water supply

capacities (Rola et al. 2004).

Currently, seven of the city’s

With the expansion of human

As economies boom and population increases, the demand for water necessarily expands. Water

insecurity affects over one billion people worldwide. In the Philippines alone, studies show that in the near

future, the volume of water available may be almost exceeded by such growing demand. (Biswas, 2006).

Among the Southeast Asian countries, the Philippines was observed to have the highest total water

withdrawals in 1990. Projections up to 2025 show that the Philippines will still have the highest withdrawal

as a percentage of annual water resources among Southeast Asian countries. The Philippines is aware of

this situation and has come up with a National Water Resources Management Master Plan based on Japan

International Cooperation Agency (JICA)/ National Water Resources Board (NWRB) 1998 study. The plan

has two components: a) development of water resources to meet increasing water demand; and b)

strengthening of the water management institution. In the urban centers of the country, serious problems

are now being felt. Metro Manila, Metro Cebu, and Baguio City are found to have most critical water

balance conditions (Rola et. al., 2004).

Baguio City is a small urban area located approximately 250 kilometers north of Metro Manila and

1,500 m above sea level and is the most urbanized city in the Cordillera region. Dubbed as the ‘summer

capital’ of the Philippines, it is a major tourist destination for foreign and local visitors (Cienca et al 2016).

Aside from being a tourist destination, it has also attracted a lot of students with its universities and colleges,

adding to its uncontrolled population growth. Baguio has undeniably evolved into a highly urbanized

regional center.
 Rapid population growth and urban expansion has led to problem in the city’s natural resources

including its water supply. Baguio City’s water supply situation has become a serious matter. No running

water is available due to low water pressure, especially in elevated areas. The Baguio City Water District

(BWD) has been facing problems caused by deterioratsed water supply system and insufficient water supply

capacities (Rola et al. 2004).

Currently, seven of the city’s

With the expansion of human

As economies boom and population increases, the demand for water necessarily expands. Water

insecurity affects over one billion people worldwide. In the Philippines alone, studies show that in the near

future, the volume of water available may be almost exceeded by such growing demand. (Biswas, 2006).

Among the Southeast Asian countries, the Philippines was observed to have the highest total water

withdrawals in 1990. Projections up to 2025 show that the Philippines will still have the highest withdrawal

as a percentage of annual water resources among Southeast Asian countries. The Philippines is aware of

this situation and has come up with a National Water Resources Management Master Plan based on Japan

International Cooperation Agency (JICA)/ National Water Resources Board (NWRB) 1998 study. The plan

has two components: a) development of water resources to meet increasing water demand; and b)

strengthening of the water management institution. In the urban centers of the country, serious problems

are now being felt. Metro Manila, Metro Cebu, and Baguio City are found to have most critical water

balance conditions (Rola et. al., 2004).

Baguio City is a small urban area located approximately 250 kilometers north of Metro Manila and

1,500 m above sea level and is the most urbanized city in the Cordillera region. Dubbed as the ‘summer

capital’ of the Philippines, it is a major tourist destination for foreign and local visitors (Cienca et al 2016).

Aside from being a tourist destination, it has also attracted a lot of students with its universities and colleges,

adding to its uncontrolled population growth. Baguio has undeniably evolved into a highly urbanized

regional center.

Rapid population growth and urban expansion has led to problem in the city’s natural resources

including its water supply. Baguio City’s water supply situation has become a serious matter. No running

water is available due to low water pressure, especially in elevated areas. The Baguio City Water District

(BWD) has been facing problems caused by deterioratsed water supply system and insufficient water supply

capacities (Rola et al. 2004).

Currently, seven of the city’s

 With the expansion of human

As economies boom and population increases, the demand for water necessarily expands. Water

insecurity affects over one billion people worldwide. In the Philippines alone, studies show that in the near

future, the volume of water available may be almost exceeded by such growing demand. (Biswas, 2006).

Among the Southeast Asian countries, the Philippines was observed to have the highest total water

withdrawals in 1990. Projections up to 2025 show that the Philippines will still have the highest withdrawal

as a percentage of annual water resources among Southeast Asian countries. The Philippines is aware of

this situation and has come up with a National Water Resources Management Master Plan based on Japan

International Cooperation Agency (JICA)/ National Water Resources Board (NWRB) 1998 study. The plan

has two components: a) development of water resources to meet increasing water demand; and b)

strengthening of the water management institution. In the urban centers of the country, serious problems

are now being felt. Metro Manila, Metro Cebu, and Baguio City are found to have most critical water

balance conditions (Rola et. al., 2004).

Baguio City is a small urban area located approximately 250 kilometers north of Metro Manila and

1,500 m above sea level and is the most urbanized city in the Cordillera region. Dubbed as the ‘summer

capital’ of the Philippines, it is a major tourist destination for foreign and local visitors (Cienca et al 2016).

Aside from being a tourist destination, it has also attracted a lot of students with its universities and colleges,

adding to its uncontrolled population growth. Baguio has undeniably evolved into a highly urbanized

regional center.

Rapid population growth and urban expansion has led to problem in the city’s natural resources

including its water supply. Baguio City’s water supply situation has become a serious matter. No running

water is available due to low water pressure, especially in elevated areas. The Baguio City Water District

(BWD) has been facing problems caused by deterioratsed water supply system and insufficient water supply

capacities (Rola et al. 2004).

Currently, seven of the city’s