TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page No.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..................................................................................... I

ABSTRACT............................................................................................................... III

LIST OF TABLES.....................................................................................................IX

LIST OF FIGURES...................................................................................................XI

NOTATIONS.............................................................................................................XV

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

1.1 OVERVIEW……………………………………………………………………..
1.2 NEED FOR STUDY …………………………………………………………….
1.3 OBJECTIVES …………………………………………………………………...
1.4 SCOPE …………………………………………………………………………..
1.5 METHODOLOGY ……………………………………………………………...
1.6 ORGANIZATION OF THESIS ………………………………………………...

CHAPTER 2 - LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 OVERVIEW …………………………………………………………………….

2.2 SHRINKAGE EFFECT ………………………………………………………...
2.2.1 Existing experimental studies ………………………………………………....
2.2.2 Analytical studies reported in literature ………………………………………
2.2.3 Numerical studies reported in literature ………………………………………
2.2.4 Code provisions ………………………………………………………………
2.3 SIZE EFFECT ON TENSILE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE …………………
2.3.1 Literature from various researchers …………………………………………..
2.3.2 Literature from various codes …………………………………………………
2.4 CRACK WIDTH CALCULATIONS …………………………………………..
2.4.1 Literature from various researchers …………………………………………..
2.4.2 Literature from various codes ………………………………………………...
2.5 VARIOUS CODES MINIMUM REINFORCEMENT PROVISIONS
FOR SHRINKAGE AND TEMPERATURE EFFECTS …………………………..
2.6 SUMMARY …………………………………………………………………….

CHAPTER 3 - SHRINKAGE AND TEMPERATURE EFFECT

3.1 OVER VIEW …………………………………………………………………...

3.2 TEMPERATURE AND SHRINKAGE EFFECTS …………………………….

3.2.1 Temperature effect ……………………………………………………………
3.2.2 Shrinkage effect ………………………………………………………………
3.2.3 Restraint effect ………………………………………………………………..

3.3 EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME ……………………………………………

3.3.1 Experimental planning ………………………………………………………..

3.3.2 Reinforcement details …………………………………………………………

3.3.3 Material properties ……………………………………………………………

3.3.4 Casting of specimens …………………………………………………………

3.4 EXPERIMENT FOR MEASURING TEMPERATURE GRADIENT ………...

3.5 INSTRUMENTATION FOR MEASUREMENT OF SHRINKAGE STRAINS

3.6 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS …………………………………………………

3.7 DISCUSSION ON EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS …………………………….

3.8 SUMMARY ……………………………………………………………………

CHAPTER 4 MATERIAL CHARACTERISATION

4.1 OVERVIEW

4.2 EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME

4.2.1 Specimen sizes

4.3 MATERIAL AND MIX PROPORTION OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
4.3.1 Cement
4.3.2 Aggregates
4.3.3 Admixture
4.3.4 Mix proportion
4.4 TESTS ON FRESH CONCRETE
4.5 TESTS ON HARDENED CONCRETE
4.5.1 Compressive strength (f′c)
4.5.2 Modulus of elasticity (MOE) / young’s modulus test (Ec)

4.5.3 Split tension test (fts)

4.5.4 Flexural tension test (modulus of rupture) ft
4.6 SUMMARY

CHAPTER 5 - CRACKING POTENTIAL AND CRACK WIDTHS

5.1 OVERVIEW

5.2 CRACKING POTENTIAL

5.2.1 Development of stresses

5.2.2 Cracking in concrete

5.2.3 Estimation of tensile stresses in concrete specimens

5.2.3.1 Standard method of euro code 2-3 (2008)

5.2.3.2 Analytical method proposed by klemczak et al. (2017)

5.3 CRACKING PATTERN

5.3.1 Restraint effect on crack pattern

5.3.2 Cracking pattern reported by codes

5.3.3 Cracking pattern reported by researchers

5.3.4 Experimental programme

5.3.5 Cracking pattern observed experimentally

5.4 DESIGN CODES FOR CRACK WIDTH CALCULATIONS

5.4.1 Euro code2-3 (2006) provision

5.4.2 BS 8007 (1987) provision

5.4.3 ACI (1995) provision

5.4.4 IS 3370 part II (2009)

5.5 CRACK WIDTH CALCULATIONS PROPOSED IN REPORTS

5.5.1 Kheder, et al. experimental study

5.5.2 CIRIA c660 report

5.5.3 Other expressions for crack width

5.6 COMPARISON OF VARIOUS CRACK WIDTHS FORMULAE

5.6.1 Data taken from Kheder, et al. (1990)

5.6.2 Data taken from Kheder, et al. (1994)

5.6.3 Data taken from Stoffers (1978)

5.7 COMMENT ON IS 3370 PART II CRACK WIDTH EXPRESSION

5.7.1 Degree of restraint

5.7.1.1 ACI provision for degree of restraint

5.7.1.2 EC 2-3 provision for degree of restraint

5.7.1.3 Researchers provision for degree of restraint

5.7.1.4 Proposed expression for crack width estimation

5.8 CODAL PROVISIONS FOR CRACK WIDTH LIMITATIONS

5.9 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

5.10 DISCUSSION ON EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

5.11 SUMMARY

CHAPTER 6 - SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

6.1 SUMMARY

6.2 CONCLUSIONS

6.2.1 STUDY BASED ON EXPERIMENTS REPORTED IN LITERATURE

6.2.2 STUDY BASED ON CURRENT EXPERIMENTS ON SHRINKAGE EFFECT

AND SIZE EFFECT ON TENSILE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE

6.3 SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK

REFERENCES