Department of Agronomy

College of Agriculture and Food Science

Visayas State University
Visca, Baybay City, Leyte

Joannah O. Quilario BSA-4 Date Conducted: March 27, 2019

Lab. Schedule (07:00-10:00 am W) Date Submitted: May 13,2019

Agronomy 132
Sugarcane Grain Legumes Production
Exercise No. 1
Field Trial on Sugarcane Intercropped with Different Legumes

INTRODUCTION
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is a perennial grass of the family Poaceae, it is

primarily cultivated for its juice from which sugar is processed. Sugarcane is widely grown

in tropical areas. This crop is also grown for biofuel production, as the canes can be used

directly to produce ethyl alcohol. The straw and bagasse which are the by products from

processing of sugarcane can also be to produce cellulosic ethanol, a second generation

biofuel (www.brittanica.com). Other sugarcnae products include molasses, rum and the

rum itself can be used as thatch and as livestock fodder.

Intercropping can be the oldest technique of growing plants for human needs. It is

a type of cropping sysytem in which two or more crops are grown for a definite part of

their life cycle simultaneously on the same land. This type of cropping system is efficient

in maximizing the use of the land in order to attain higher yield. Legumes are likely to be

a component of a large variety of systems which have been developed throughout the
tropics. And this crops are the most commonly used as intercropped because they can fix

atmospheric nitrogen, in which can help to improve the fertility of the soil. The productivity

of sugarcane will be assessed on how it will gain yield with the interaction of the intercrop

legumes.

GENERAL OBJECTIVE

At the end of the exercise the students should have to familiarize and have a

hands-on experienced on how to grow grain legumes and sugarcane.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

1. To assessed the growth and yield of sugarcane as influenced by peanut and mungbean.

2. To evaluate the growth of peanut and mungbean as an intercrop in sugarcane.

METHODOLOGY

LAND PREPARATION
The area planted was plowed and harrowed to control weeds, pulverize soil clods,

level the area, and to provide an appropriate soil tilth for the germination of seeds. Furrows

were constructed after plowing and harrowing.

PLANTING

The sugarcane was planted in a 1 x 3 m plot size, and there were 3 plants of

sugarcane per row. The seeds of peanut and mungbean were drilled in furrows. And after

one week, thinning was done in order to obtain the desired population of peanut which is

10 plants/linear meter and for mungbean which is 20 plants/linear meter.

The treatments for the experiment are:

T1=Sugarcane alone T4=Sugarcane+Peanut

T2=Peanut Alone T5=Sugarcane+Mungbean

T3=Mungbean alone

FERTILIZER APPLICATION

Fertilizer application is based on the recommended rate of 200-600-400 and it was

applied with complete fertilizer and urea. The fertlizers were applied on the side of the

crops.

CARE and MANAGEMENT

The crops were watered every day after they are planted and weeding was done

after thinning. A regular visit was also done to supervise the growth of the crops, for data

gathering and observed if there will be occurrence of some pests and diseases.

Data to be Gathered
Sugarcane (maincrop)

a. Percent plant stand. This was done by counting the number of plants that grow or sprouts

at 1 month after planting. The data was calculated using the formula;

number of plants grow

% plant stand = x 100
total number of plants planted each plot

b. Number of tillers per hill. This was done by counting the number of tillers that grow in

5 sample hills per plot during 1, 2 and 3 months after planting.

c. Weekly plant height. This was done by measuring the plants up to 6 months after

planting.
For Legumes:

Peanut and Mungbean (Intercrop)

Agronomic Characteristics

1. Days from planting to flowering. This was determined by counting the number of

days from planting up to the time when 50% of the plants in each plot had produced

flowers.

2. Days from planting to maturity. This was determined by counting the number of

days from planting to maturity. This was manifested by drying of stems and

yellowing or shedding of leaves.

3. Fresh Herbage Yield (t ha-1). This was determined by weighing the vegetative

portion of all plants that was harvested within the inner rows of each plot excluding

the two end hills in each row. The weight was converted to per hectare basis using

the formula;

Herbage yield (kg) 10,000 m2 ha−1

Herbage yield (t ha-1) = x
Harvestable area 1000 kg ton−1

Yield and Yield Components

1. Number of pods per plant. This was determined by counting the number of pods

that developed from each of the 5 sample plants in each treatment plot at harvest.

2. Number of seeds per pod. This was determined by counting the number of seed that

developed from the 10 sample pods in treatment plot.

3. Weight of 1,000 seeds (g). This was obtained by weighing the 1,000 clean and dried

seeds randomly from the sample plants in each plot.

 1. Pod Yield (t ha-1). This was obtained from all plants in the inner rows at each

plot. The pods were sundried to approximately 14% moisture content before

weighing. The weight was converted to hectare bases using the formula;

Plot yield (kg) 10,000 m2 ha−1

Pod yield (t ha-1) = x
Harvestable area 1000 kg ton−1

Other parameters to be Gathered:

1. Land Equivalent Ratio (LER). This was determined by measuring the total land

productivity of an intercropping scheme. This was expressed as the sum of the

fractions of the yield of the crop in mixture relative to that in monoculture. LER

was computed using the formula;

𝑋𝑖 𝑌𝑖
LER = +
𝑋𝑗 𝑌𝑗

Where;

Xi – yield of peanut in intercropping

Xj – yield of peanut in monoculture

Yi – yield of mungbean in intercropping

Yj – yield of mungbean in monoculture

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table 1. Data showing the percent plant stand, number of tillers per hill and average

weekly plant height of the main crop, sugarcane.

Treatments % Plant Stand Number of tillers Average weekly

per hill plant height

T1 94.5 5.10 123.83

T2 - - -

T3 - - -

T4 83.34 4.00 127.03

T5 88.89 4.30 141.20

C.V. (%) 8.84 21.73 3.09

The table shows that the sugarcane has an optimum number in percent plant stand

and this shows that the plant has a good growth. In terms of number of tillers the table

shows that it has a lesser number of tillers per hill and it also shows that it has a greater

percentage of coefficient of variance, this implies that in gathering the data it was affected

with some factors that caused the error. And on the average plant height it shows that, it is

the treatment five which is sugarcane intercrop with mungbean produces the highest plant

height.
Table 2. Yield components of mungbean as intercrop.

Treatments Number of pods Number of seeds Weight of 100

per plant per pod seeds

T1 - - -

T2 - - -

T3 2.77 10.5 6

T4 - - -

T5 5.35 10.2 5.9

C.V (%) 9.87 0.4843 6.72

Note: There were no data taken from peanut because it isn’t ready for harvest.

The table shows that mungbean being the intercrop of sugarcane produces more

pods per plant but when mungbean is planted alone it produces more seeds per pod than

being the intercrop of sugarcane. The weight of 100 seeds of Mungbean alone is also

heavier than the weight of 100 seeds in mungbean being the intercrop of sugarcane.

Morphological Characteristics

Parts Yellow Variety

Leaf blade Dark Green, parallel

Leaf Sheath White

Auricle Present

Dewlap Present, Light brown

Ligule Present
 Internode thick, dark yellow

average length of 10 samples - 9.94 cm

Node Thin, not protruding

Bud type Visible, protruding

Inflorescence absent

CONCLUSION

Therefore the students are now familiarized and had a hands-on-experienced on

growing grain legumes and sugarcane. And the students also observed the effect of legumes

being intercropped with sugarcane. The students also observed the growth of legumes as

an intercrop to sugarcane.

Questions

1. What are the criteria in the selection of planting materials for sugarcane, peanut and

mungbean?

 Resistant to pest and diseases

 Varieties should be high yielding

2. Analyzed data using statistical tool (STAR)

ANOVA TABLE (Sugarcane)

Response Variable: Ave. Plant height

---------------------------------------------------------------

Source DF Sum of Square Mean Square F Value Pr(> F)

---------------------------------------------------------------

Replications 1 2700.8817 2700.8817 165.36 0.0060

Treatments 2 341.8991 170.9496 10.47 0.0872

Error 2 32.6665 16.3332

Total 5 3075.4472

---------------------------------------------------------------

Summary Statistics

---------------------------

CV(%) Ave. Plant.height Mean

---------------------------

3.09 130.69
ANOVA TABLE

Response Variable: X...of.tillers

---------------------------------------------------------------

Source DF Sum of Square Mean Square F Value Pr(> F)

---------------------------------------------------------------

Replications 1 18.0267 18.0267 20.33 0.0458

Treatments 2 1.7733 0.8867 1.00 0.5000

Error 2 1.7733 0.8867

Total 5 21.5733

---------------------------------------------------------------

Summary Statistics

-----------------------------

CV(%) X...of.tillers Mean

-----------------------------

21.73 4.33

-----------------------------
ANOVA TABLE

Response Variable: X..survival

---------------------------------------------------------------

Source DF Sum of Square Mean Square F Value Pr(> F)

---------------------------------------------------------------

Replications 1 740.5926 740.5926 12.00 0.0742

Treatments 2 123.4321 61.7160 1.00 0.5000

Error 2 123.4321 61.7161

Total 5 987.4568

---------------------------------------------------------------

Summary Statistics

--------------------------

CV(%) X..survival Mean

--------------------------

8.84 88.89

--------------------------
ANOVA TABLE (Mungbean)

Response Variable: X...of.pods.plnt

---------------------------------------------------------------

Source DF Sum of Square Mean Square F Value Pr(> F)

---------------------------------------------------------------

Replications 1 0.0992 0.0992 0.67 0.5635

Treatments 1 4.8180 4.8180 32.50 0.1105

Error 1 0.1482 0.1482

Total 3 5.0655

---------------------------------------------------------------

Summary Statistics

-------------------------------

CV(%) X...of.pods.plnt Mean

-------------------------------

9.87 3.90

-------------------------------
ANOVA TABLE
Response Variable: X..of.seeds.pod
---------------------------------------------------------------
Source DF Sum of Square Mean Square F Value Pr(> F)
---------------------------------------------------------------
Replications 1 0.0025 0.0025 1.00 0.5000
Treatments 1 0.0625 0.0625 25.00 0.1257
Error 1 0.0025 0.0025
Total 3 0.0675
---------------------------------------------------------------

Summary Statistics
-------------------------------
CV(%) X..of.seeds.pod Mean
-------------------------------
0.4843 10.32
-------------------------------
ANOVA TABLE
Response Variable: wt.of.100.seeds
---------------------------------------------------------------
Source DF Sum of Square Mean Square F Value Pr(> F)
---------------------------------------------------------------
Replications 1 0.0000 0.0000 0.00 1.0000
Treatments 1 0.0900 0.0900 0.56 0.5903
Error 1 0.1600 0.1600
Total 3 0.2500
---------------------------------------------------------------

Summary Statistics
------------------------------
CV(%) wt.of.100.seeds Mean
------------------------------
6.72 5.95
------------------------------

REFERENCES
http://www.brittanica.com
http://www.volkerkleinhenz.com