INTRODUCTION

The Perfect Gas Expansion Apparatus is a self-sufficient bench top unit designed tenable
students to familiarize with some fundamental thermodynamic processes. Comprehensive
understanding of First Law of Thermodynamics, Second Law of Thermodynamics and the P-
V-T relationship is fundamentally important in the applications of thermodynamics in the
industry. The apparatus comes with one pressure vessel and one vacuum vessel and both are
made of glass tubes. The vessels are linked to one another with asset of piping and valves. A
large diameter pipe provides gradual or instant change. Air pump is included to enable us to
pressurize or evacuate air inside the large vessels provided the valves configures
appropriately during the experiment. The pressure and temperature sensors are used to
monitor and manipulate the pressure and temperature inside the vessels and the digital
indicator will display the pressure and temperature on the control panel. This experiment
dealt a lot with the properties of an ideal gas and its relationship with the various
environmental factors. An ideal gas is said to be a gas which obeys the P-V-T relationship. A
PVT relationship is one of the forms of the equations of state, which relates the pressure,
molar volume V and the temperature T of physically homogeneous media in thermodynamic
equilibrium. Other than that, ideal gas is also a gas that exhibits simple linear relationships
among volume, pressure, temperature and amount. Gas particles in a box collide with its
walls and transfer momentum to them during each collision. The gas pressure is equal to the
momentum delivered to a unit area of a wall, during a unit time. However, ideal gas particles
do not collide with each other but only with the walls. A single particle moves arbitrarily
along some direction until it strikes a wall. It then bounces back, changes direction and speed
and moves towards another wall. The gas expansion equations are derived directly from the
law of conservation of linear momentum and the law of conservation of energy. As for this
experiment, brief depressurization has been done. Depressurization is the removal of the
pressure of a gas inside a container or enclosed space, as in an aircraft cabin. In this
experiment, velocity and kinetic energy of the gas are directly proportional with the pressure.
If the pressure increases, automatically the velocity and kinetic of the gas increases so when
the gas flows out dramatically, the container will be at low pressure as high pressure tends to
move to low pressure but will slowly increase its pressure back due to molecules of gases.
RESULTS AND CALCULATION
Table 1: Pressure and Temperature in every 10s after valve being open until pressure constant
after valve being closed.
Time interval (s) Depressurization (kPa) Temperature (◦C)
0 160 30.7
10 133.6 29.3
20 134.8 28.3
30 135.3 27.9
40 135.5 27.7
50 135.6 27.5
60 135.7 27.3
70 135.7 27.3

Graph of temperature vs pressure

165
160
155
150
145
140
135
130
125
120
30.7 29.3 28.3 27.9 27.7 27.5 27.3 27.3

Temperature (Degree Celcius)

Graph of time vs pressure

165
160
155
150
145
140
135
130
125
120
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Time(s)