SCIENCE STARTER #4 – 5/22/17

• What are the four components of

blood and their functions?

• TURN IN: BLOOD LAB to the FRONT TABLE

• PICK UP GUIDED NOTES 13.3 – Digestive System

 NOTES 13.3
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
CHAPTER 48 SECTIONS 1 & 2
PP 979-991
 FUNCTION

• Breakdown food
into simpler
molecules that can
be absorbed by the
body
• Mechanical
Digestion – physical
breakdown
• Chemical Digestion –
molecular
breakdown into
monomers
 NUTRIENTS

Provide energy
1. Carbohydrates- made of monosaccharides
2. Fats- made of fatty acids
3. Proteins- made of amino acids
 NUTRIENTS

Required for body function

1. Minerals: balance osmosis
and needed by certain
cells (ex. muscle cell)
2. Vitamins: aid enzyme
activity
3. Water: makes up blood,
helps regulate body
temperature, most
chemical reactions occur
 PATHWAY

• Mouth  Pharynx  Esophagus  Stomach

 Small Intestine  Large Intestine (colon)
 Rectum
 DIGESTIVE TRACT:
MOUTH

• Chemical Digestion • Mechanical Digestion

• Salivary glands: produce
salivary amylase (enzyme)
• Otimal pH: ~7.4
• Function: Breaks down
CARBOHYDRATES to
sugars
• Chewing food with teeth
• Function: breaks food up
to increase surface area
for digestion
 ESOPHAGUS

• Muscular tube connecting mouth to

stomach
• Bolus (food ball) travels down
esophagus to stomach
• Peristalsis: Movement of bolus aided
by alternating muscle contractions
 STOMACH
• Chemical digestion:
• Pepsin (enzyme) breaks down PROTEINS into amino acids
• HCl (Hydrochloric acid) keeps stomach acidic (pH: ~2) so the
pepsin can work and kills bacteria
• Mechanical digestion: Muscle contractions break
bolus apart and churn/mix contents to make chyme
(increase SA)
• How does the pH compare to that of the mouth?
 SMALL INTESTINE

• Chemical digestion: secretions from liver

and pancreas help digest the chyme
• Chemical and nutrient absorption by villi
then into the blood
• Villi: folds in lining of small intestine to
increase SA for max absorption
 LARGE INTESTINE/COLON

• Absorption of water and nutrients produced

by bacteria
 PANCREAS

• Secretes sodium
bicarbonate (base)
into small intestine
(pH: ~7) to
neutralize acid
• Produces enzymes
that break down
carbohydrates,
proteins, and lipids
and secretes it into
the small intestine
 LIVER

• Produces bile
• Bile helps to break
down fats into small
droplets (increase SA)
 GALL BLADDER

• Stores bile and secretes it into the small

intestine
Salivary glands Esophagus

Liver Stomach

Gall bladder Pancreas

Small intestine Large

intestine/colon