Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 4  

CHAPTER

4 Simultaneous Equations

1. (a) y – x – 2 = 0 Substitute 1 into 2,

y = x + 2..................... 1 5x + x2 = 48 – 3(1 – 3x)
x2 – 6y + 17 = 0........................... 2 = 48 – 3 + 9x
Substitute 1 into 2, x2 – 4x – 45 = 0

x2 – 6(x + 2) + 17 = 0 (x – 9)(x + 5) = 0

x2 – 6x – 12 + 17 = 0 x – 9 = 0 or x + 5 = 0
x2 – 6x + 5 = 0 x = 9 or x = –5
(x – 1)(x – 5) = 0 Substitute x = 9 into 1,
x – 1 = 0 or x – 5 = 0 y = 1 – 3(9)
x = 1 or x = 5 = –26
Substitute x = 1 into 1, Substitute x = –5 into 1,
y = 1 + 2 y = 1 – 3(–5)
= 3 = 16
Substitute x = 5 into 1, The solutions are x = 9, y = –26 and x = –5,
y = 5 + 2 y = 16.
= 7
\ The solutions are x = 1, y = 3 and x = 5, (d) y + 2x – 5 = 0
y = 7. y = 5 – 2x...................... 1
xy = 4 – x2....................... 2
(b) 2y + x = 5
x = 5 – 2y............................. 1 Substitute 1 into 2,
xy + y = 0..................................... 2 x(5 – 2x) = 4 – x2
5x – 2x2 = 4 – x2
Substitute 1 into 2, x2 – 5x + 4 = 0
(5 – 2y)y + y = 0 (x – 1)(x – 4) = 0
5y – 2y2 + y = 0 x – 1 = 0 or x – 4 = 0
2y2 – 6y = 0 x = 1 or x = 4
2y(y – 3) = 0
2y = 0 or y – 3 = 0 Substitute x = 1 into 1,
y = 0 or y = 3 y = 5 – 2(1)
= 3
Substitute y = 0 into 1,
x = 5 – 2(0) Substitute x = 4 into 1,
= 5 y = 5 – 2(4)
= –3
Substitute y = 3 into 1,
x = 5 – 2(3) The solutions are x = 1, y = 3 and x = 4, y = –3.
= –1
(e) 3 – y = 2x
The solutions are x = 5, y = 0 and x = –1, y = 3. y = 3 – 2x............................ 1
(c) 3x = 1 – y x2 + y2 = 5.................................... 2
y = 1 – 3x............................ 1 Substitute 1 into 2,
5x + x2 = 48 – 3y.......................... 2 x2 + (3 – 2x)2 = 5
x + 9 – 12x + 4x2 – 5 = 0
2

5x2 – 12x + 4 = 0
(5x – 2)(x – 2) = 0

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   Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 4

5x – 2 = 0 or x – 2 = 0 Substitute 1 into 2,
2 1
x = — or x = 2 –3x – 5
5 x 1 2 2
+ 7 + —x = 0
3
2
Substitute x = into 1, –3x2 – 5x 1
5 + 7 + —x = 0
2 3
2 × 6, 3(–3x2 – 5x) + 42 + 2x = 0
y = 3 – 2
5 1 2 –9x2 – 15x + 42 + 2x = 0
11
= 9x2 + 13x – 42 = 0
5
(9x – 14)(x + 3) = 0
Substitute x = 2 into 1, 9x – 14 = 0 or x + 3 = 0
y = 3 – 2(2) 14
x = or x = –3
= –1 9
2 11 14
The solutions are x = , y = and x = 2, Substitute x = into 1,
5 5 9
y = –1. 14
–3 1 2
9
–5
x y y = ­­­–––––––––––
(f) — = 4 + — 2
2 5 14
x 20 + y – –5
— = 3
2 5 =
2
5x = 2(20 + y) 29
5x = 40 + 2y = –
6
5x – 40
y = ....................... 1 Substitute x = –3 into 1,
2
xy + 32 = 4x................................. 2 –3(–3) – 5
y =
2
Substitute 1 into 2, = 2
5x – 40 14 29
x 12 2
+ 32 = 4x The solutions are x =
9
,y=–
6
and x = –3,
x(5x – 40) + 64 = 8x y = 2.
5x2 – 40x + 64 = 8x
5x2 – 48x + 64 = 0 (h) 3x – 5y = 4
(5x – 8)(x – 8) = 0 4 + 5y
x = .................................1
5x – 8 = 0 or x – 8 = 0 3
8 6y 3x
x = or x = 8 + y = 11
5 x
8 6y
Substitute x =
5
into 1,
× xy, xy 1 x 2 + xy1 3xy 2 = 11xy
8 6y2 + 3x2 = 11xy..............2
1 2
5 — – 40
5
y = ––––––––– Substitute 1 into 2,
2
= –16 4 + 5y 2 4 + 5y
6y2 + 3
3 1
= 11y 2 3 1 2
Substitute x = 8 into 1,
(4 + 5y)2 44y + 55y2

y =
5(8) – 40 6y2 + 3
9
3 =
3
4
2
16 + 40y + 25y2 44y + 55y2
= 0 6y +
2
=
3 3
8
The solutions are x = , y = –16 and x = 8, × 3, 18y2 + 16 + 40y + 25y2 = 44y + 55y2
5
y = 0. 12y2 + 4y – 16 = 0
÷ 4, 3y2 + y – 4 = 0
(g) 2y + 5 = –3x (3y + 4)(y – 1) = 0
–3x – 5 3y + 4 = 0 or y – 1 = 0
y = .............. 1 4
2 y = – — or y = 1
1 3
xy + 7 + —x = 0.......................... 2

3

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 Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 4  

4 Substitute 1 into 2,
Substitute y = – — into 1,
3 2x(1 + x) – x2 = 4
4 2x + 2x2 – x2 = 4
4+5–—
31 2 x2 + 2x – 4 = 0
x = ––––––––––
3 b2 – 4ac
–b ± ABBBBBB
8 x = ––––––––––––– , where a = 1, b = 2, c = – 4
= – — 2a
9
Substitute y = 1 into 1, 22 – 4(1)(– 4)
–2 ± ABBBBBBBBB
= ––––––––––––––––––
4 + 5(1) 2(1)
x = ––––––– 20
–2 ± ABB
3 = –––––––––
= 3 2
= 1.236 or –3.236
8 4
The solutions are x = – —, y = – — and x = 3, Substitute x = 1.236 into 1,
9 3
y = 1. y = 1 + 1.236
= 2.236
(i) 12x = 5 – 12y
5 – 12y Substitute x = –3.236 into 1,
x = ––––––– ...................... 1 y = 1 – 3.236
12
1 1 = –2.236
— = 10 – —
x y The solutions are x = 1.236, y = 2.236 and
× xy, y = 10xy – x...................... 2 x = –3.236, y = –2.236.

Substitute 1 into 2, (b) 2y = 3x – 4

5 – 12y 5 – 12y 2y + 4
1
y = 10y  ––––––– – –––––––2 1 2 x = ––––––..................... 1
12 12 3
× 12, 12y = 10y(5 – 12y) – (5 – 12y) y2 = 5xy + 1..................... 2
12y = 50y – 120y2 – 5 + 12y Substitute 1 into 2,
120y2 – 50y + 5 = 0 2y + 4
÷ 5, 24y2 – 10y + 1 = 0

3 1
y2 = 5y –––––– + 1 2
(4y – 1)(6y – 1) = 0 3y2 = 5y(2y + 4) + 3
4y – 1 = 0 or 6y – 1 = 0 3y2 = 10y2 + 20y + 3
1 1 7y2 + 20y + 3 = 0
y = — or y = —
4 6 b2 – 4ac
–b ± ABBBBBB
y = ––––––––––––– , where a = 7, b = 20, c = 3
1 2a
Substitute y = — into 1, 202 – 4(7)(3)
–20 ± ABBBBBBBBB
4 = –––––––––––––––––––
1 2(7)
5 – 12 —
4 1 2 316
–20 ± ABBB
x = –––––––––– = –––––––––––
12 14
1 = –0.159 or –2.698
= —
6
Substitute y = –0.159 into 1,
1 2(– 0.159) + 4
Substitute y = — into 1,
6 x = ––––––––––––
3
1 = 1.227
5 – 12 —
6 1 2
x = –––––––––– Substitute y = –2.698 into 1,
12
1 2(–2.698) + 4
= — x = ––––––––––––
4 3
1 1 1 = – 0.465
\ The solutions are x = —, y = — and x = —,
6 4 4
1 The solutions are x = 1.227, y = –0.159 and
y = —. x = – 0.465, y = –2.698.
6
(c) 2x – y = –3
2. (a) 1 + x – y = 0
y = 2x + 3............................. 1
y = 1 + x.......................... 1
2xy – x2 = 4................................ 2

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   Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 4

1 Circumference of circle = 2π(28)

— x = x + y 22
× x, 1 = x2 + xy............................ 2 = 2 × × 28
7
Substitute 1 into 2, = 176 cm
1 = x2 + x(2x + 3)
Perimeter of rectangle = 176
= x2 + 2x2 + 3x
2 × (2x + 20 + y + 10) = 176
3x2 + 3x – 1 = 0
2x + y + 30 = 88
\ a = 3, b = 3, c = –1 y = 58 – 2x....... 2
b2 – 4ac
–b ± ABBBBBB Substitute 2 into 1,
x = ––––––––––––––
2a x(58 – 2x) + 10x + 10(58 – 2x) = 110
32 – 4(3)(–1)
–3 ± ABBBBBBBBB 58x – 2x2 + 10x + 580 – 20x = 110
= –––––––––––––––––– 2x2 – 48x – 470 = 0
2(3)
÷ 2,   x2 – 24x – 235 = 0
21
–3 ± ABB
= ––––––––– \ a = 1, b = –24, c = –235
6
= 0.264 or –1.264 b2 – 4ac
–b ± ABBBBBB
x = ––––––––––––––
Substitute x = 0.264 into 1, 2a
y = 2(0.264) + 3 (–24)2 – 4(1)(–235)
–(–24) ± ABBBBBBBBBBBBBB
= ­­–––­––––––––––––––––––––––––
= 3.528 2(1)
Substitute x = –1.264 into 1, 24 ± 1  516
ABBBB
= –––––––––––
y = 2(–1.264) + 3 2
= 0.472 379
= 12 ± ABBB
The solutions are x = 0.264, y = 3.528 and 379 or 12 – ABBB
= 12 + ABBB 379
x = –1.264, y = 0.472. = 31.47 or –7.47

3. y = x2 + 6............................... 1 Substitute x = 31.47 into 2,

y – 4x – 2 = 0...................................... 2 y = 58 – 2(31.47)
= – 4.94
Substitute 1 into 2,
x2 + 6 – 4x – 2 = 0 Substitute x = –7.47 into 2,
x2 – 4x + 4 = 0 y = 58 – 2(–7.47)
(x – 2)2 = 0 = 72.94
x = 2 \ Possible length = 2x + 20
= 2(31.47) + 20 or 2(–7.47) + 20
Substitute x = 2 into 1, = 82.94 cm or 5.06 cm
y = 22 + 6
= 10 \ Possible width = y + 10
= – 4.94 + 10 or 72.94 + 10
\ D(2, 10) = 5.06 cm or 82.94 cm
Height of gate = CD
= 10 m The possible lengths and widths are 82.94 cm and
5.06 cm or vice versa.
Width of gate = BC
=2×2
=4m

4. y = x2 – 6x + 11.................... 1
1. 2x + y = 6
y + 2x – 7 = 0...................................... 2
y = 6 – 2x.................. 1
Substitute 1 into 2,
x2 – 6x + 11 + 2x – 7 = 0 y2 – y + x = 13........................ 2
x2 – 4x + 4 = 0 Substitute 1 into 2,
(x – 2)2 = 0 (6 – 2x)2 – (6 – 2x) + x = 13
x = 2 36 – 24x + 4x2 – 6 + 2x + x – 13 = 0
The x-coordinate of point B is 2. 4x2 – 21x + 17 = 0
(4x – 17)(x – 1) = 0
5. Area of rectangle = 420
(2x + 20)(y + 10) = 420 4x – 17 = 0 or x – 1 = 0
2xy + 20x + 20y + 200 = 420 x = 17 or x = 1
xy + 10x + 10y = 110............. 1 4

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 Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 4  

Substitute x = 17 into 1, The solutions are x = 3.303, y = 3.606 and x = –0.303,

4 y = –3.606.
17
y = 6 – 2 1 2
4
5 4. r + s = 3
=–—
2 s = 3 – r................................1
Substitute x = 1 into 1, r2 – 4s = 10....................................2
y = 6 – 2(1) Substitute 1 into 2,
=4 r2 – 4(3 – r) = 10
5
The solutions are x = 17 , y = – — and x = 1, y = 4. r – 12 + 4r – 10 = 0
2
4 2
r2 + 4r – 22 = 0
2. x – 2y = 0 \ a = 1, b = 4, r = –22
x = 2y.................1
y2 – xy + x + 3 = 0...................2 b2 – 4ac
–b ± ABBBBBB
r = ––––––––––––––
2a
Substitute 1 into 2:
y2 – (2y)(y) + 2y + 3 = 0 42 – 4(1)(–22)
– 4 ± ABBBBBBBBBB
= ––––––––––––––––––
y2 – 2y2 + 2y + 3 = 0 2(1)
–y2 + 2y + 3 = 0
104
– 4 ± ABBB
y2 – 2y – 3 = 0 = ––––––––––
2
(y + 1)(y – 3) = 0
= 3.099, –7.099
y + 1 = 0 or y – 3 = 0
y = –1 or y = 3 Substitute r = 3.099 into 1,
Substitute y = –1 into 1, s = 3 – 3.099
x = 2(–1) = – 0.099
= –2 Substitute r = –7.099 into 1,
Substitute y = 3 into 1, s = 3 – (–7.099)
x = 2(3) = 10.099
=6
The solutions are s = –0.099, r = 3.099 and s = 10.099,
The solutions are x = –2, y = –1 and x = 6, y = 3. r = –7.099.

3. 2x – y = 3
y = 2x – 3............1 5. 2x – y = –5..................1
x2 – 2y2 – xy + 27 = 0....................2 2y – x = 3xy................2
From 1, y = 2x + 5............3
Substitute 1 into 2,
x2 – 2(2x – 3)2 – x(2x – 3) + 27 = 0 Substitute 3 into 2,
x2 – 2(4x2 – 12x + 9) – 2x2 + 3x + 27 = 0 2(2x + 5) – x = 3x(2x + 5)
x2 – 8x2 + 24x – 18 – 2x2 + 3x + 27 = 0 4x + 10 – x = 6x2 + 15x
x2 – 3x – 1 = 0 6x + 12x – 10 = 0
2

3x2 + 6x – 5 = 0
\ a = 1, b = –3, c = –1
b2 – 4ac
–b ± ABBBBBB b2 – 4ac
–b ± ABBBBBB
x = –––––––––––––– Use formula x = –––––––––––––– , where
2a 2a
a = 3, b = 6, c = –5.
(–3)2 – 4(1)(–1)
–(–3) ± ABBBBBBBBBBB
= ­­­––––––––––––––––––––––
2(1)
b2 – 4ac
–b ± ABBBBBB
13
3 ± ABB x = ––––––––––––––
= –––––––– 2a
2
= 3.303 or –0.303 62 – 4(3)(–5)
–6 ± ABBBBBBBBB
x = ­­­–––––––––––––––––
Substitute x = 3.303 into 1, 2(3)
y = 2(3.303) – 3 = 0.63 or –2.63
= 3.606
Substitute x = 0.63 into 3,
Substitute x = –0.303 into 1, y = 2(0.63) + 5
y = 2(–0.303) – 3 = 6.26
= –3.606

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   Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 4

Substitute x = –2.63 into 3, Substitute x = –4 into 1,

y = 2(–2.63) + 5 y = 3 – (–4)
= –0.26 =7
The solutions are x = 0.63, y = 6.26 and x = –2.63, Substitute x = 1 into 1,
y = –0.26. y = 3 – 1
=2
6. y + 3x – 4 = 0
y = 4 – 3x......................... 1 The other solution is x = –4, y = 7.
y2 – 2xy + 4x2 = 3................................. 2
Substitute 1 into 2, 3. x + y = 6
(4 – 3x)2 – 2x(4 – 3x) + 4x2 = 3 y = 6 – x...........................1
16 – 24x + 9x2 – 8x + 6x2 + 4x2 – 3 = 0 x2 – y = –4...............................2
19x2 – 32x + 13 = 0
Substitute 1 into 2,
(19x – 13)(x – 1) = 0
x2 – (6 – x) = –4
19x – 13 = 0 or x – 1 = 0
x2 – 6 + x + 4 = 0
13
x = or x = 1 x2 + x – 2 = 0
19
(x + 2)(x – 1) = 0
13
Substitute x = ––– into 1, x + 2 = 0 or x – 1 = 0
19
x = –2 or x = 1
13
y = 4 – 3
191 2 Substitute x = –2 into 1,
37 y = 6 – (–2)
=
19 =8
Substitute x = 1 into 1, Substitute x = 1 into 1,
y = 4 – 3(1) y = 6 – 1
= 1
=5
13 37
The solutions are x = 1, y = 1 and x = ,y= . The solutions are x = –2, y = 8 and x = 1, y = 5.
19 19

4.
2y – x = 0
x = 2y...............................1
1. x = y................................1
1
—
xy – x = 0................................2 x = x + y
Substitute 1 into 2, × x, 1 = x(x + y)
y2 – y = 0 1 = x2 + xy.....................2
y(y – 1) = 0
Substitute 1 into 2,
y = 0 or y – 1 = 0
1 = (2y)2 + (2y)(y)
y = 1
1 = 4y2 + 2y2
From 1, 6y2 = 1
y = 0, \ x = 0 1
y = 1, \ x = 1 y2 = —
6
The solutions are x = 0, y = 0 and x = 1, y = 1. 1
y = ± —
6ABB
2. x + y = 3 = ±0.4082
y = 3 – x.......................1 Substitute y = 0.4082 into 1,
2x2 + xy = 4.............................2 x = 2(0.4082)
Substitute 1 into 2, = 0.8164
2x2 + x(3 – x) = 4 Substitute y = –0.4082 into 1,
2x2 + 3x – x2 – 4 = 0 x = 2(–0.4082)
x2 + 3x – 4 = 0 = –0.8164
(x + 4)(x – 1) = 0
x + 4 = 0 or x – 1 = 0 The solutions are x = 0.8164, y = 0.4082 and
x = –4 or x = 1 x = – 0.8164, y = – 0.4082.

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 Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 4  

5. y + x = 0 Substitute x = –9 into 1,
x = –y............................. 1 7 – 2(–9)
y = ––––––––
x2 + y2 = 8............................... 2 3
= 25
Substitute 1 into 2,
3
(–y)2 + y2 = 8
2y2 = 8 Substitute x = 2 into 1,
y2 = 4 7 – 2(2)
y = –––––––
y = ±2 3
=1
From 1,
y = 2, \ x = –2 \ The solutions are x = 2, y = 1 and x = –9, y = 25 .
y = –2, \ x = 2 3

Hence, the coordinates of A are (–2, 2) and the 9. y – 3x + 5 = 0

coordinates of B are (2, –2). y = 3x – 5................. 1
3x2 + 5x = 6 + y................... 2
6. x + 2y = 4
Substitute 1 into 2,
x = 4 – 2y................ 1
3x2 + 5x = 6 + 3x – 5
–x + y2 – 4 = 0........................ 2
3x2 + 2x – 1 = 0
Substitute 1 into 2, (3x – 1)(x + 1) = 0
–(4 – 2y) + y2 – 4 = 0 3x – 1 = 0 or x + 1 = 0
– 4 + 2y + y2 – 4 = 0 1
y2 + 2y – 8 = 0 x = — or x = –1
3
(y + 4)(y – 2) = 0 1
y + 4 = 0 or y – 2 = 0 Substitute x = — into 1,
3
y = –4 or y = 2 1
1 2
y = 3 — – 5
3
At B, substitute y = – 4 into 1,
x = 4 – 2(– 4) = – 4
= 12 Substitute x = –1 into 1,
Hence, the coordinates of B are (12, –4). y = 3(–1) – 5
= –8
1
7. 1 – y = 0 \ The solutions are x = —, y = – 4 and x = –1,
3
y = 1.............. 1 y = –8.
x2 + y2 – 2y + 3x – 3 = 0.............. 2
Substitute 1 into 2,
10. 2y + x = 5
x2 + 1 – 2 + 3x – 3 = 0
x = 5 – 2y....................... 1
x2 + 3x – 4 = 0
x2 + y2 = 10............................. 2
(x + 4)(x – 1) = 0
x + 4 = 0 or x – 1 = 0 Substitute 1 into 2,
x = – 4 or x = 1 (5 – 2y)2 + y2 = 10
25 – 20y + 4y2 + y2 – 10 = 0
The points of intersection are (– 4, 1) and (1, 1).
5y2 – 20y + 15 = 0
÷ 5, y2 – 4y + 3 = 0
8.
3y + 2x = 7 (y – 1)(y – 3) = 0
7 – 2x y – 1 = 0 or y – 3 = 0
y = –––––– ......................... 1
3 y = 1 or y = 3
x2 + xy – 6 = 0.............................. 2
Substitute y = 1 into 1,
Substitute 1 into 2, x = 5 – 2(1)
7 – 2x =3
x2 + x 13 2
– 6 = 0
Substitute y = 3 into 1,
× 3, 3x + x(7 – 2x) – 18 = 0
2
x = 5 – 2(3)
3x2 + 7x – 2x2 – 18 = 0
= –1
x2 + 7x – 18 = 0
(x + 9)(x – 2) = 0 The solutions are x = 3, y = 1 and x = –1, y = 3.
x + 9 = 0 or x – 2 = 0
x = –9 or x = 2

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   Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 4

11.
2y + 3x + 5 = 0 Substitute 1 into 2,
3y2 + (15 – 6y)2 – 2(15 – 6y) = 15
y = – 1 3x 2+ 5 2.............1 3y2 + 225 – 180y + 36y2 – 30 + 12y – 15 = 0
1 39y2 – 168y + 180 = 0
xy + —x + 7 = 0............................2
3
÷ 3, 13y2 – 56y + 60 = 0
Substitute 1 into 2, (13y – 30)(y – 2) = 0
3x + 5 1 13y – 30 = 0 or y – 2 = 0
x –  31 2 24+ —x + 7 = 0
3 30
y = or y = 2
× 6, –3x(3x + 5) + 2x + 42 = 0 13
–9x2 – 15x + 2x + 42 = 0
Substitute y = 30 into 1,
9x2 + 13x – 42 = 0 13
(9x – 14)(x + 3) = 0
9x – 14 = 0 or x + 3 = 0 x = 15 – 6 30 1 2
13
x = 14 or x = –3 = 15
9 13
Substitute x = 14 into 1, Substitute y = 2 into 1,
9
14 x = 15 – 6(2)
31 2 +5
3 9
y = – ­­­––––––––––
2
4 =3
\ The solutions are x = 15 , y = 30 and x = 3,
29 13 13
=– y = 2.
6
Substitute x = –3 into 1,
14. A = 3B = C
3(–3) + 5
3
y = – ­­–––––––––
2 4 1 + 4y = 3(y – 2x)
1
=2 = y + — x +7
1 + 4y = 3(y – 2x)
The solutions are x = 14 , y = – 29 and x = –3,
9 6 1 + 4y = 3y – 6x
y = 2. y = –1 – 6x................................... 1
1
1 + 4y = y + — x +7
12. xy + 2x = –2........................... 1 1
2y + 2x = –2 × x, x(1 + 4y) = x(y + — x + 7)
y + x = –1 x + 4xy = xy + 1 + 7x
y = –1 – x..................... 2 3xy – 6x – 1 = 0............................... 2
Substitute 2 into 1, Substitute 1 into 2,
x(–1 – x) + 2x = –2 3x(–1 – 6x) – 6x – 1 = 0
–x – x2 + 2x = –2 –3x – 18x2 – 6x – 1 = 0
x2 – x – 2 = 0 18x2 + 9x + 1 = 0
(x – 2)(x + 1) = 0 (6x + 1)(3x + 1) = 0
x – 2 = 0 or x + 1 = 0 3x + 1 = 0 or 6x + 1 = 0
x = 2 or x = –1 1 1
x = – — or x = – —
3 6
Substitute x = 2 into 2,
y = –1 – 2 1
Substitute x = – — into 1,
6
= –3 1
Substitute x = –1 into 2,
y = –1 – 6 – —16 2
y = –1 – (–1) =0
=0 1
Substitute x = – — into 1,
The solutions are x = 2, y = –3 and x = –1, y = 0. 3
1
y = –1 – 6 – 1
—
3 2
13. 6y + x = 15 =1
x = 15 – 6y..................1 1 1
3y2 + x2 – 2x = 15..........................2 The solutions are x = – —, y = 0 and x = – —, y = 1
6 3

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 Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 4  

15. Substitute x = p, y = q into 2x2 – 6x = 0

2y + x = 3y + 1............................ 1 2x(x – 3) = 0
and xy + 2 = 2y + x............................. 2 2x = 0 or x – 3 = 0
From 1, 2q + p = 3q + 1 x = 0 or x = 3
p = q + 1..................... 3 Substitute x = 0 into 1,
From 2, pq + 2 = 2q + p................... 4 y = 15 – 0
Substitute 3 into 4, = 15
q(q + 1) + 2 = 2q + q + 1 Substitute x = 3 into 1,
q2 + q + 2 = 3q + 1 y = 15 – 3
q2 – 2q + 1 = 0 = 12
(q – 1)2 = 0 The solutions are x = 0, y = 15 and x = 3, y = 12.
q = 1
Substitute q = 1 into 3, 18. x – 3y = 1
p = 1 + 1 x = 1 + 3y.............. 1
=2 xy + 2y2 – 3 = 0...................... 2
Hence, p = 2, q = 1. Substitute 1 into 2,
y(1 + 3y) + 2y2 – 3 = 0
16. Substitute x = 3p, y = 2q into y + 3y2 + 2y2 – 3 = 0
3y 5y2 + y – 3 = 0
4x
––– + ––– – 5 = 0.........................1
2x y \ a = 5, b = 1, c = –3
y 2
and — – —x – 2 = 0.........................2 b2 – 4ac
–b ± ABBBBBB
2 3 y = ––––––––––––––
2a
3(2q) 4(3p)
From 1, ––––– + ––––– – 5 = 0 12 – 4(5)(–3)
–1 ± ABBBBBBBBB
2(3p) 2q = ––––––––––––––––––
2(5)
q 6p
— 61
p + –––
q
– 5 = 0 –1 ± ABB
= ––––––––
10
× pq, q2 + 6p2 – 5pq = 0......................... 3 = 0.681, –0.881
2q 2 Substitute y = 0.681 into 1,
From 2, ––– – —(3p) – 2 = 0
2 3 x = 1 + 3(0.681)
q – 2p – 2 = 0 = 3.043
q = 2p + 2....... 4
Substitute 4 into 3, Substitute y = –0.881 into 1,
(2p + 2)2 + 6p2 – 5p(2p + 2) = 0 x = 1 + 3(– 0.881)
4p2 + 8p + 4 + 6p2 – 10p2 – 10p = 0 = –1.643
–2p + 4 = 0 The solutions are x = 3.043, y = 0.681 and x = –1.643,
p = 2 y = – 0.881.
Substitute p = 2 into 4,
q = 2(2) + 2 19. Volume = 6
=6 2xy = 6
Hence, p = 2, q = 6. xy = 3.......................................... 1
Total length of edges = 24
17. Perimeter = 36 4x + 4y + 4(2) = 24
15 + (y – 3) + (x + 9) = 36 4x + 4y = 16
x + y + 21 = 36 x + y = 4
y = 15 – x............ 1 y = 4 – x............... 2
Use Pythagoras’s theorem, Substitute 2 into 1,
PR2 = PQ2 + QR2 x(4 – x) = 3
152 = (y – 3)2 + (x + 9)2...................... 2 4x – x2 = 3
x2 – 4x + 3 = 0
Substitute 1 into 2,
(x – 1)(x – 3) = 0
225 = (15 – x – 3)2 + x2 + 18x + 81
x – 1 = 0 or x – 3 = 0
0 = (12 – x)2 + x2 + 18x + 81 – 225
x = 1 or x = 3
0 = 144 – 24x + x2 + x2 + 18x + 81 – 225

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   Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 4

Substitute x = 1 into 2, Substitute y = 2 into 2,

y = 4 – 1 x = 3 – 2(2)
=3 = –1
11 2
Substitute x = 3 into 2, For x = ––– , y = — ,
5 5
y = 4 – 3
11 2
=1 –2p = ––– and 3k = —
5 5
The solutions are x = 1, y = 3 and x = 3, y = 1. 11 2
p = – ––– k = –––
10 15
20. Substitute y = 0 into y = –x2 + 4x,
–x2 + 4x = 0 For x = –1, y = 2,
x(–x + 4) = 0 –2p = –1 and 3k = 2
x = 0 or –x + 4 = 0 1 2
p = — k = —
x = 4 2 3
1 2 11
Hence, C(4, 0). The solutions are p = — , k = — and p = – ––– ,
2 3 10
Equation of straight line is 2
k = ––– .
15
4–0
1 2
y = ­­––––– x + 4
0–4
y = –x + 4............................................ 1 2. Let the length, breadth and height of the cuboid are
y = –x2 + 4x......................................... 2 x cm, x cm and y cm respectively.
1 = 2, –x + 4 = –x2 + 4x 8x + 4y = 104
x2 – 5x + 4 = 0 2x + y = 26
(x – 1)(x – 4) = 0 y = 26 – 2x................................ 1
x – 1 = 0 or x – 4 = 0 4xy + 2x2 = 440.................................... 2
x = 1 or x = 4
Substitute 1 into 2,
At B, substitute x = 1 into 1, 4x(26 – 2x) + 2x2 = 440
y = –1 + 4 ÷ 2, 2x(26 – 2x) + x2 = 220
=3 52x – 4x2 + x2 – 220 = 0
The coordinates of B are (1, 3). –3x2 + 52x – 220 = 0
3x2 – 52x + 220 = 0
(3x – 22)(x – 10) = 0
22
x = ––– or x = 10
3
22
Substitute x = ––– into 1,
1.
x2 + y2 = 5........................................... 1 3
x + 2y = 3 22
x = 3 – 2y................................... 2 1
y = 26 – 2 –––
3 2
Substitute 2 into 1, 44
= 26 – –––
(3 – 2y)2 + y2 = 5 3
9 – 12y + 4y2 + y2 – 5 = 0 34
= –––
5y2 – 12y + 4 = 0 3
(5y – 2)(y – 2) = 0 Substitute x = 10 into 1,
2 y = 26 – 2(10)
y = — or y = 2
5 =6
2 22 34
Substitute y = — into 2, For x = 10, y = 6 or For x = ––– , y = –––
5 3 3
2
x = 3 – 2 —
5 1 2 Volume = x2y Volume = x2y
= 102 × 6 22 2 34
=3–—
4 = 600 cm3 = ––– –––
3 3 1 21 2
5
11 13
= –––
5 27
= 609 ––– cm3

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 Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 4  

3.
x + y = 18 (x – 1)(y + 2) = 20............................... 2
y = 18 – x..................................... 1 Substitute 1 into 2,
x2 + y2 = 194........................................ 2 (x – 1)(8 – x + 2) = 20
Substitute 1 into 2, (x – 1)(10 – x) = 20
x2 + (18 – x)2 = 194 10x – x2 – 10 + x = 20
x2 + 324 – 36x + x2 – 194 = 0 11x – x2 = 30
2x2 – 36x + 130 = 0 x2 – 11x + 30 = 0
x2 – 18x + 65 = 0 (x – 6)(x – 5) = 0
(x – 5)(x – 13) = 0 x = 5 or x = 6
x = 5 or 13 Substitute x = 5 into 1,
Substitute x = 5 into 1, y = 8 – 5
y = 18 – 5 =3
= 13 Substitute x = 6 into 1,
Substitute x = 13 into 1, y = 8 – 6
y = 18 – 13 =2
=5 The solutions are x = 5, y = 3 and x = 6, y = 2.
Therefore, the two numbers are 5 and 13.
6. Area of rectangle ABCD = 48
1 (x + 2)(y + 3) = 48
4. y = — x + 5................................. 1
2 xy + 3x + 2y + 6 = 48
x2 + y2 = 100........................................ 2 xy + 3x + 2y = 42......................... 1

Substitute 1 into 2, Perimeter of ∆ABD = 24

y + 3 + x + 2 + 10 = 24
1 2

2 1
x2 + — x + 5 = 100 2 y + x = 9
1 y = 9 – x..............................2
x2 + — x2 + 5x + 25 – 100 = 0
4 Substitute 2 into 1,
5 x(9 – x) + 3x + 2(9 – x) = 42
— x2 + 5x – 75 = 0
4 9x – x2 + 3x + 18 – 2x – 42 = 0
× 4, 5x2 + 20x – 300 = 0 x2 – 10x + 24 = 0
÷ 5, x2 + 4x – 60 = 0 (x – 4)(x – 6) = 0
(x + 10)(x – 6) = 0 x = 4 or x = 6
x = –10 or 6
Substitute x = 4 into 2,
Substitute x = –10 into 1, y = 9 – 4
1 =5
y = — (–10) + 5
2
Substitute x = 6 into 2,
= –5 + 5
y = 9 – 6
=0
=3
Substitute x = 6 into 1,
1 Therefore, x = 4, y = 5 or x = 6, y = 3.
y = — (6) + 5
2
=8 7. x + y = 20
Therefore, A(–10, 0) and B(6, 8) y = 20 – x....................................... 1
x2 + y2 = 208........................................ 2
–10 + 6 0 + 8
2 1
Midpoint of AB = ––––––– , –––––
2 2 Substitute 1 into 2,
= (–2, 4) x2 + (20 – x)2 = 208
x2 + 400 – 40x + x2 – 208 = 0
2x2 – 40x + 192 = 0
5. AC = 9 cm ÷ 2, x2 – 20x + 96 = 0
(x – 1) + (y + 2) = 9 (x – 8)(x – 12) = 0
x + y + 1 = 9 x = 8 or x = 12
y = 8 – x...................... 1

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   Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 4

Substitute x = 8 into 1, 9. (a) When x = 0,

y = 20 – 8 y = 02 – 6(0) + 8
= 12 y = 8
Substitute x = 12 into 1, The coordinates of A are (0, 8).
y = 20 – 12
=8 Area of ∆OAC = 32
1
Since y . x, therefore the solution is x = 8, y = 12. — (OA)(OC) = 32
2
1
— (8)(OC) = 32
8. Area of rectangle = 420 2
(x + 10)(2y + 20) = 420 OC = 8
÷ 2, (x + 10)(y + 10) = 210
The coordinates of C are (8, 0).
xy + 10x + 10y + 100 – 210 = 0
xy + 10x + 10y – 110 = 0......................1 Equation of the line AC is
Perimeter of the circle = Perimeter of the rectangle x y
— + — = 1

2pr = 2(x + 10) + 2(2y + 20) 8 8
22 x + y = 8
1 2
2 ––– (14) = 2(x + 10) + 2(2y + 20)
7 (b) x + y = 8
÷ 2, 44 = x + 10 + 2y + 20
y = 8 – x................................. 1
44 = x + 2y + 30
x = 14 – 2y.....................2 y = x2 – 6x + 8.............................. 2
Substitute 2 into 1, Substitute 1 into 2,
(14 – 2y)y + 10(14 – 2y) + 10y – 110 = 0 8 – x = x2 – 6x + 8
14y – 2y2 + 140 – 20y + 10y – 110 = 0 x2 – 5x = 0
–2y2 + 4y + 30 = 0 x(x – 5) = 0
÷ (–2), y2 – 2y – 15 = 0 x = 0 (rejected) or x = 5
(y – 5)(y + 3) = 0
Substitute x = 5 into 1,
y = 5 or y = –3
y = 8 – 5
Substitute y = 5 into 2, = 3
x = 14 – 2(5)
Therefore, the coordinates of B are (5, 3).
=4
Substitute y = –3 into 2,
x = 14 – 2(–3)
= 20
The solutions are x = 4, y = 5 and x = 20, y = –3.

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