DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, AGRA 1

(Under the aegis of the Delhi Public School Society)

Class – XI Physical Education Notes
Unit 1: Changing Trends and Career in Physical Education

Meaning and Definition of Physical Education

Physical Education is an integral part of education which deals with movement created by our body as a medium of education
To understand the meaning of Physical Education we divide the word in two parts Physical & Education
Physical stands for movement created by the body
Education is the process of learning which modify our behavior. In other word Education is development of a whole sum body
towards healthy living which means Physical Education is a bodily based education which helps us
 To develop whole body and mind
 To achieve the goal of education
 To develop the total personality
According to
J.B.Nash, “Physical Education is the education which deals with muscular activities and its responses”
Oberteuffer’s, “Physical Education is the sum of those experiences which come to the individual through movements”
Cassidy, “Physical Education is the sum of the changes in the individual caused by experiences centering motor activities”
Conclusion
Physical Education is an integral part of education which deals with movement and its related responses for the development of physical
mental, moral, and social qualities in an individual. That means Physical Education is not merely an activity but a process which
develops the overall personality of a person.
Aim & Objectives of Physical Education
Aim of Physical Education
The aim of Physical Education is to influence the experience of a person to an extent that each individual within the limits of its capacity
may be help to adjust successfully in the society to increase and to develop the ability to satisfy his wants. Aim of physical education
had been laid down by educationalist as:-
 Promotion of health
 Development of basic process
 Vocation
 Citizenship
 Moral character
Conclusion
In other word we can say that the aim of physical education is to develop full potential of an individual to such an extent that he may be
able to live most and serve best
Objectives of Physical Education
The main objectives of physical education are small achievable goal or targets that contribute to the attainment of aim.
So therefore objectives for the achievement of this aim should be development of strength and muscular coordination
Objectives according to J.B.Nash
 Neuromuscular Development
 Emotional Development
 Interpretive Development
 Organic Development
Objectives according to H C Buck
 Organic Development
 Development of Neuromuscular coordination
 Development of Psychological coordination
 Development of social attitude & conduct
 Development of Healthy habits
Objectives of Physical Education
Physiological Development Psychological Development Social Development Moral Development Improvement in Knowledge

I. Physiological Development
a. Proper growth & development
b. Proper Functioning of various systems of the body
c. Development of strength & Endurance
d. Development of Skills through better neuromuscular coordination
II. Psychological Development
a. Development of health, interest, & attitude
b. Satisfaction & Channelizing of emotion
c. Removing worries & tension through participation in sports
III. Social Development
a. Becoming worthy member of home or society
b. Developing qualities of sympathy & cooperation with others
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IV. Moral Development

a. Development of Self control
b. Development of Sportsmanship
c. Development of Leadership Qualities
d. Development of Personalities
V. Improvement in Knowledge
a. Acquiring knowledge of rules of the game, sports & exercises.
b. Understanding health problems and their preventive measures.

Changing Trends in Physical Education

Development of Physical Education - Post Independence

After getting independence, attention was paid towards physical education and various steps were taken into consideration for enhancing
the development of physical education. Various planning’s formed for the proper development of physical education in India after
independence. The main planning’s or schemes are described below:

Central Advisory Board of Physical Education and Recreation

In this board, ten members were nominated and under the chairmanship of Dr. Tara chand, the first meeting of this board was organized
on 19th March, 1950. On the recommendations of the board a meeting of the principals of all physical education colleges of India was
conducted in Madras in 1958 and a meeting of physical education instructors was also organized in Mahabaleshwar in May 1958. In
these meetings the problems related to physical education were discussed deeply.
Aims of the Board
1. Recommendations on games programmes.
2. Recommendations on recreational programmes.
3. To give suggestions/proposals to central government on physical education programmes.
4. To give suggestions on different programmes for youths.

The following were the objectives of Central Advisory Board of Physical Education and Recreation:
1. It could give advice for making physical education a compulsory subject in schools.
2. It could give suggestions to start and for making syllabus of physical education at primary, middle and university level.
3. To give suggestions for making syllabus for physical education in all the physical education institutions of the country.
4. To recommend and fix standards for the selection of physical education teachers and also lay down qualification level for training.
5. To suggest checking of physical education programmes.
Contribution of the Board
1. The board was required to give some concrete suggestions for the improvement of physical education and to prepare syllabus for
certificate and diploma courses.
2. Different methods of training of physical education separately for boys and girls were submitted to the central government.
3. After forming rules for giving recognition to the syllabus of certificate and diploma courses this board presented them to central
government.
4. Central education ministry on the recommendation of the board started scholarships from the year 1950 in the field of physical
education for leadership, training and research.
5. In 1958 central education ministry started providing economic help to the institutions related to the programme "National Physical
Efficiency Test".
6. Various steps were taken into consideration by central education ministry for running the programmes of physical education
efficiently at state levels.
7. Various steps were taken for popularizing and providing motivation for writing and publishing the literature for physical education.
All India Council of Sports
In order to enhance the standard of games and sports and to run them efficiently in an organized way Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad called
a meeting of the Heads of various sports organizations. All the Heads of sports organizations assembled under the chairmanship of
Maulana Azad in 1954. They requested the Govt. of India to formulate All India Council of Sports through the medium of resolution. As
a result All India Council of Sports was constituted in 1954 and Admiral General (Retd.) K.M. Kriappa was appointed as the first
chairman of this council.
Aims and Functions of All India Council of Sports
1. To research on the games and sports by applying scientific methods.
2. To coordinate between different national organizations and central government.
3. To start various training centers to enhance the standard of sports in India.
4. To submit annual report of various sports federations to the central govt.
5. To get standard of games of players who belong to different sports federations.
6. To arrange the permission of govt. for the participation of teams belonging to various sports federations in international competitions.
7. To provide financial assistance for various sports federations from govt. of India.
8. To provide help in organizing sports competitions.
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Achievements of All India Council of Sport:
1. As a result of frantic efforts and counseling of this council NSNIS was established.
2. Coaching camps were organized from time to time by this council and stadiums, gymnasiums and swimming pools were constructed
for the promotion of sports.
3. Stress was laid on the development of sports especially in rural areas.
Netaji Subhash National Institute of Sports
As a result of declining standard as well as performance of India in Olympic Games, an Adcock Inquiry Committee was constituted in
1958. This committee recommended the National Institute of Sports and consequently on the proposal of All India Council of Sports,
Govt. of India established Netaji Subhash National Institute of Sports in March 1961. Dr. A.L. Shree "'Maali inaugurated this sports
institute on May 7, 1961 at Patiala. One year Diploma was started for various games such as hockey, football, volleyball, athletics
wrestling, gymnastics, basketball, tennis and badminton in this sports institute. Afterwards provision of coaching was started for other
games also. After completing the Diploma in Coaching various coaches are imparting training in the field of sports. Now a Degree in
Master of Sports has also been started in this institute.

Aims of National Institute of Sports

The main aims of National Institute of Sports are mentioned below:
1. To prepare coaches for specific training of different sports.
2. To raise the technical standard of coaches.
3. To make available the latest knowledge in the field of sports.
4. To help in searching the talented sportspersons in sports.
5. To impart proper training to the sportspersons participating in International competitions.
6. To organize competitions and seminars in the field of sports.
7. To give scholarships to sportspersons so that they could be inspired towards sports more and more.
8. To give help to Nehru Yuvak Kendras for the promotion of sport~ and games.
9. To provide the technical knowledge to the industrialists involved in making sports equipments, for preparing modern sports
equipments.
10. To organize the orientation course for the teachers of physical education.

Sports Authority of India

Sports Authority of India was established in 1984. Govt. of India established Sports Authority of India for promotion of sports,
exploration of sports talent in young age and nutrition, organizing sports competitions, providing facilities, utilising stadiums and for
maintaining them in appropriate conditions. Sports Authority of India has made efforts to organize various schemes and programmes.
Sports Authority of India has kept young children in sports complexes and specific coaching is being provided to them. Sports Authority
of India has prepared various schemes and as a result of that, sports and games can be promoted properly and there can be a gleam of
hope to get medal at International Sports Competitions in future.

Schemes of Sports Authority of India

1. Exploration of Sports Talent and Nutrition.

There are a number of sports talented children in rural areas in India who are never motivated towards sports and games. With the
help of this scheme, Sports Authority of India explored such talented children and laid special attention to their coaching and
nutrition. Proper education is also being imparted to them. As a result of its frantic efforts, such children may put medals in the lap of
India in international competitions in future.
2. To Provide Sports Scholarships.
There is also a provision to give scholarships to sportspersons according to their abilities by Sports Authority of India. Scholarships
are provided on the basis of previous year's sports achievements of players. The information of such scholarship is given in main
newspapers. A merit list of sports achievements at national level is prepared for giving scholarships.
3. Organization of National Sports Talent Competitions.
Sports Authority of India organizes sports talent competitions at national level in which good talented sportspersons are selected.
4. National Physical Health Scheme. Under
The national physical health scheme the attention is paid on the health care of all the people. Therefore, Sports Authority of India
organizes National Physical Health. Function all over the country.
5. Progress of Indigenous Games and Martial Arts.
Under this scheme, Sports Authority of India has taken firm determination to popularize the indigenous games and martial arts. It is
only due to this that these games are organized in Northeastern states of India. As a result of that, these games still flourish there even
today.
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Various Physical Education Courses available in India

Name of Course Name of Institute/ Eligibility for Duration of

University/College State Admission course
Master’s degree in physical Guru Nanak dev University Punjab B.P.Ed. 1 year
Education (M.P.Ed.) Amritsar
M.P.Ed Punjab University, patiala Punjab B.P.Ed./Graduate in arts 2 year
/ P.e
Diploma in Coaching SAI Netaji Subhash National Punjab Graduation 2 year
Institute of Sports
Master’s degree in sports (M.S.) -Do- Punjab Diploma in coaching 2 year
M.P.Ed Govt college of physical Punjab Graduation 2 year
education, patiala
B.P.Ed. SAI Laxmi Bai National Madha Predesh 10+2 3 year
College of physical Education
M.P.Ed -Do- Madha Predesh B.P.Ed. 2 year
M.phil. in Physical Education -Do- Madha Predesh M.P.Ed 1 year
Ph.D -Do- Madha Predesh -Do- 1 year
M.P.Ed Maharishi Dayanand Haryana Graduation 2 year
University , Rohtak
M.P.Ed Kurukshetra University Haryana Graduation with 45% 2 year
Kurukshetra marks in P.E
Ph.D -Do- Haryana M.P.Ed 2 year
B.Sc.(sports) Guru Nanak Khalsa College , Haryana 10+2 3 year
Yamunanager
M.A.(Physical education) Punjab University , Chandighar Haryana B.P.Ed./Graduate in P.e 2 year
Ph.D -Do- Haryana M.P.Ed / M.A 2 year
M.P.Ed Indra Gandhi institute of Delhi Graduation in 2 year
physical education and sports Respective Subject
sciences,New Delhi
P.G.Diploma in Physical -Do- Delhi Graduation 1 year
Education
B.P.Ed. Kolkata University , Kolkata West Bengal 10+2 3 year
Diploma in Coaching SAI National Sports East West Bengal Graduation 2 year
Center Salt lake Kolkata
B.P.Ed. Bangalore University Karnataka Graduation 1 year
Bangalore
M.P.Ed Bangalore University Karnataka Graduation/ 1 year
Bangalore
Diploma in Coaching SAI National Sports South Karnataka Graduation 2 year
Center University Campus,
Bangalore
B.P.Ed. SAI Laxmi Bai National Kerala 10+2 3 year
College of physical Education
Kanavattam,
Triruvananthapuram
M.P.Ed -Do- Kerala B.P.Ed. 2 year
M.phil. -Do- Kerala M.P.Ed 1 year
Ph.D -Do- Gujrat M.phil. in Physical 1 year
Education
Diploma in Coaching SAI National Sports west Tamil nadu Graduation 2 year
center ,Gandhinager
M.P.Ed Annamali University Tamil nadu B.P.Ed./Graduate in P.e 1 year
Annamalinager
M.P.Ed University of madras, Chepuk, Tamil nadu B.P.Ed 1 year
Madras
B.P.Ed. AMU , Aligarh Tamil nadu 10+2 3 year
M.P.Ed Benaras Hindu University, Tamil nadu B.P.Ed 1 year
Varanasi
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Career Options in Physical Education

Mainly, there are two types of career options in the field of physical education. The first type of career options is related to
teaching and coaching of physical education. These are called traditional careers in physical education. The second type of career
options are related to emerging careers in physical education i.e., health related careers, administration related careers, sports
performance related careers and media related careers etc. The above-mentioned careers in the field of physical education are
described here:

1 Teaching Career in Physical Education

Physical education has traditionally been considered a professional field appropriate only for those interested in teaching career.
The teaching career offers many rewards to the teachers whether they are engaged in elementary schools, middle schools, high
schools, senior secondary schools, colleges or universities.

2 As a coach, one must have a diploma:

NSNIS from SAI (sports Authority of India) and should also have good experience of playing and participation in sports or the
games.

3 Health Related Careers

During the last twenty years, there has been a rapid increase in the awareness of health. Nowadays, people have become more
health conscious. They want to be healthy and fit. They want to keep away from the various diseases, such as hypertension, heart
diseases and disorders like obesity and diabetes mellitus etc. They have realized the value of health. Everyone wants to lead a
healthy lifestyle. That is why, health related career opportunities in the field of physical education have expanded in recent years.

4 As a administrator:
A good sportsman many physical educationists are specially required as an administrator manger, directors and in charges in big
organizations and school.

5 Department of Physical Education

There are many universities and some colleges in India, where various courses of physical education are being run. In such
departments, the administration lies in the hands of chairman or head. He is the sole administrator of the teaching department.
Teachers of physical education and other clerical staff work under the chairman/head. The senior teacher of the department
usually acts as the chairman.

6 Sports Department
There are many job opportunities related to administration in sports department. Most probably, the post of director of sports
exists in every university in India. The director of sports is responsible for the administration of various programmes of games
and sports.

7 Industrial Recreation
Nowadays, many multinational companies and national companies are providing recreational and sports opportunities for their
employees. These companies lay stress on the health, fitness and well-being of their employees because healthy and fit
employees usually have more capacity to do work. They can increase the production which is in the benefit. of companies.

8 Sports Facilities Management

There are always a number of people and organizations who want to have sports facilities, where they can do exercise for
remaining healthy and fit. or for the purpose. of recreation. They want to get facility of gymnasium, health club, fitness centre,
stadiums, sports complexes, ice arenas, and aquatic centre .or swimming pool In such fields, facilities managers are required.

Performance Related Careers

1 As Players
Today, special attention is given to sportsmen or players for selection in various competitive exams opportunities in the field of
Physical Education are increasing rapidly like railways, banks, post office, army, police etc.
2 As Officials
The smooth conduct of a sport tournament or competition depends on good officials. In this career an individual must have the
participation experience and qualification to meet the standard set by the particular sports organization. In officiating, not only
the knowledge of the rules is important but one must possess good officiating mechanics also. Officiating can be a challenging
career, but in India it is still in budding stage as less number of competitions is held in comparison to western countries
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Careers in Communication Media

1. As a journalist:
Today media, newspapers and news magazines needs professional people of sports and games to perform journalist.

2 Book Writing
Career opportunities are widely available in book writing in the field of physical education and sports, especially in India. As a matter
of fact, there is shortage of books on physical education and its allied subjects in India. Some physical educators, who have deep
knowledge of various sub disciplines of physical education, such as sports biomechanics, sports sociology, sports medicine, exercise
physiology, research methods, sports psychology, sports philosophy, sports pedagogy, sports management and various sports, may
write textbooks as a part-time career. This field also requires interest, concentration and writing talent.

3 Sports Photography
Sports photography is another career which can be pursued by physical educators. But this career is applicable only to those physical
educators who have a keen interest in photography and a strong desire to communicate to public the true meaning of sports through
photographs. A talent in photography is essential for opting such a career. There are ample opportunities for sports photographers with
newspapers and in sports magazines, such as Sports week, Sports world and Khel Khiladi, etc.
4 Book Publishing
Publishers of books on sports and textbooks of physical education, its sub disciplines and allied subjects such as health education and
recreation need the people who are knowledgeable about the field of physical education. Editorial workers are needed who are familiar
with the demands of publications in areas related to physical education and sports. These persons should have sales ability and an
understanding of the available markets for publications in the field of physical education and sports. In the same way, job
opportunities are also available in publishing of sports magazines.

5 Sports Broadcasting
Sports broadcasting have become a popular career. Career opportunities may be found with radio and television stations, including
cable television at local, regional and national levels. Sports broadcasting require not only the knowledge of the game but also the
ability to communicate clearly. The persons interested in this field need to be knowledgeable about the skills, tactics and rules of the
game, including the technique of officiating
6 Marketing
Public's increasing interest in sports and games, health, fitness and physical activities has stimulated the sales of sports goods.
Consequently, job opportunities in marketing and selling sports equipments have increased. Private companies need persons with an
understanding of physical activities.

7 Sports Industry
Careers are also available in sports industry. A person, who wants a career in sports industry, must have the knowledge of physical
education and sports. One may establish a sports industry at a small scale. It may be related to only T-shirts and tracksuits etc.
Conclusion
There are many careers in the field of physical education which can be created. As a matter of fact, career opportunities in the field of
physical education are limited only by one's imagination. Lambert points out that one's definition of physical education can serve to
limit or expand one's horizons. If we define physical education only as "the teaching of sports, dance and exercise in public schools" it
can limit job opportunities. On the other hand, if we define physical education as the "art and science of human movement" it can open a
number of careers before us. Various careers can be created in the field of physical education, such as sports biomechanics, sports
medicine, sports nutrition, sports sociology, sports psychology, sports history and motor learning, etc.

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