Autodesk Raster Design Manual

Autodesk Raster Design
Getting Started
2004
34004-010000-5000A March, 2003

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Contents
Part I Working with Autodesk Raster Design
Chapter 1 Welcome to Autodesk Raster Design 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

What’s New in Autodesk Raster Design 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Autodesk Raster Design Basics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
When to Use Autodesk Raster Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Who Should Use Autodesk Raster Design? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Autodesk Raster Design Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
About This Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Online Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Autodesk Raster Design Home Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Chapter 2 Getting Started. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Minimum Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Software Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Hardware Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Network Installation of Raster Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Using Autodesk Raster Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Starting Autodesk Raster Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Configuring Autodesk Raster Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Accessing the Raster Design Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Image Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Using AutoCAD Imaging Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Image Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Image Insertion and Correlation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
iii
Image Manage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Using AutoCAD Commands on Your Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Exiting the Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Chapter 3 Creating, Inserting, and Saving Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Creating New Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Inserting Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Pick Correlation Source Page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Modify Correlation Values Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Insertion Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Saving Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Exporting Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Chapter 4 Setting Image Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Setting Up Your Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Changing Layer, Color, Linetype, and Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Applying Transparency Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Masking Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Chapter 5 Image Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Correlating Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Rubbersheeting an Image After Correlation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Enhancing Images Using the Histogram Editing Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Enhancing Images Using Image Processing and Cleanup Commands . . . 61
Managing the Image Palette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Selecting Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Removing (Rubbing and Cropping) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Merging Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Chapter 6 Working with Raster Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Editing Raster Using REM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
REM Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Region Objects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Enhanced Bitonal Regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Selection Options for Enhanced Bitonal Region Objects . . . . . . . . . 77
Primitive Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Using REM Objects to Edit Raster Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Edit Mode Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Merging REM Objects into Existing Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Converting REM Objects to a New Raster Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Merging Vector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
iv | Contents
Snapping to Binary Raster Entities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Chapter 7 Converting Raster to Vector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Vectorization Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
The Follower Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Using Vector Separation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Chapter 8 Converting Raster Text to AutoCAD Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Converting Raster Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Part II Appendices
Appendix A Installing Autodesk Raster Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Choosing Your Installation Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Stand-Alone Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Network Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Client Deployment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Single User Deployment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
The Autodesk Raster Design CD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
The Raster Design CD for Customers in the United States
and Canada (Domestic) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
The Raster Design CD for International Customers . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Checking System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Minimum System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Hardware Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Requirements for Sharing Data in a Network Environment . . . . . . 118
Preparing for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Installation Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Unique Installation Conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Installing Single-User Raster Design.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Installing Raster Design on a Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Associating Raster Design to Your AutoCAD Desktop . . . . . . . . . . 121
Raster Design Program Group Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Raster Design Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Licensing Raster Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Stand-Alone Licensing Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Network Licensing Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Appendix B Supported Image Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Supported Image Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Contents | v
Appendix C Autodesk Raster Design Command Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Command Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
vi | Contents
Part 1
Working with
1
2 | Part 1 Working with Raster Design
Welcome to Autodesk
Raster Design 2004
1
Autodesk Raster Design 2004 converts scanned paper In this chapter
drawings, blueprints, aerial photographs, and maps into ■ New features in this release
■ Basics of using raster and
data you can edit and manage in AutoCAD® drawings.
vector images with Raster
You can insert binary, grayscale, and color raster images Design and AutoCAD
■ How to use the documentation
into your AutoCAD drawings, then correlate, edit,
manipulate, convert, save, and export the data.
3
Autodesk Raster Design 2004 enables you to convert scanned paper draw-
ings, blueprints, aerial photographs, and maps into data you can edit and
manage in AutoCAD drawings. You can insert binary, grayscale, and color
raster images into your AutoCAD drawings, then correlate, edit, manipulate,
convert, save, and export the data.
This release can increase your efficiency and accuracy by providing improved
access to tools and commands, a full array of vectorization tools, and the
ability to share image and correlation data on the Internet.
What’s New in Autodesk Raster Design 2004

Autodesk Raster Design 2004 is the most powerful imaging application yet.
With new features, you can improve the appearance and standardize the use
of color images, and interactively convert scanned text to AutoCAD text.
Improved features also allow you to correct distortions in images with greater
accuracy.
What’s New in Autodesk Raster Design 2004
Function Enhancements
Improved installation CD browser provides improved installation experience and gives

options you more power over the installation process .
Improved color Enhanced graphics tools include access to 24-bit True Color and
management Pantone and RAL color systems.
Improved text Better preserves original formatting such as indenting.

recognition
functionality
To use Autodesk Raster Design 2004, you must have AutoCAD 2004 or
another AutoCAD 2004-based product, such as Autodesk Map® 2004,
installed on your computer.
4 | Chapter 1 Welcome to Autodesk Raster Design 2004

Autodesk Raster Design Basics
You can use Raster Design to edit and manage raster data. Raster data is a
series of dots, or pixels, that represents an image. This type of data is
produced when you scan a paper drawing, blueprint, or photograph.
There are three types of raster images:
Binary Two-color line drawings, also called bitonal
Grayscale An image with several different shades of gray, such as a scanned black
and white photograph
Color An image with multiple colors, such as a color satellite image
Vector data, on the other hand, is a group of mathematical equations that

generates lines, arcs, and other AutoCAD objects. Vector data is typically
made up of points which are used to define precise geometric shapes. This
type of data is produced when you draw objects in AutoCAD.
Raster Vector
If you use AutoCAD without Raster Design, you can insert raster images into
a drawing and modify image display values such as brightness and contrast.
However, you need to use a raster editing program like Raster Design to do
any of the following:
■ Permanently edit the raster data of your images

■ Insert images that include correlation data into a drawing
■ Save images to another format
■ Export images to create external correlation files
Autodesk Raster Design Basics | 5

Key Concepts: Autodesk Raster Design Basics
■ In Raster Design, image frames, also called boundaries, are defined as
AutoCAD objects, which means you can assign a frame to a layer and
change its color.
■ In this documentation, the term raster entities refers to the lines, arcs, and
circles, including text, that make up a binary raster image.
Each line, circle,

and arc in a binary
raster image is a
raster entity
Raster entities
■ Raster data refers to the pixels that make up a binary, grayscale, or color
image. All references to a raster image refer to an image file or to the repre-
sentation of that image after it is inserted into an AutoCAD drawing.
■ Converting raster to vector makes modifying a drawing easier and may
result in reducing the total file size of your project. After you convert raster
data to vector entities such as lines or polylines, you can edit the vector
entities using AutoCAD commands. To convert raster to vector, you can
use the Raster Design vectorization tools.
■ You can use the Raster Design REM commands to edit individual raster
entities and raster areas directly. You can create a selection set of a raster
area or raster entities, and then you can move, copy, or delete the selection
set using native AutoCAD commands.
■ You can use vectorization tools to convert raster data to vector.
Vectorization tools replace raster geometry with vector geometry that can
be manipulated like any other AutoCAD objects, and vectorization tools
can even remove the raster data as you proceed.

When to Use Autodesk Raster Design
You can use Raster Design to:
■ Insert images that respect correlation information from various sources

■ Permanently adjust image brightness and contrast, convert color images
to grayscale, and convert color and grayscale images to binary images—all
by using a histogram
■ Trace the raster lines, arcs, circles, or even contours on a binary raster
image, converting the raster geometry to vectors interactively or semi-
automatically
■ Modify the display order of images
■ Merge two or more raster images
■ Remove parts of images
■ Merge vectors into a raster image
■ Read, save, and export images to different names, locations, and formats
■ Move, delete, and copy binary raster entities and areas on raster images
using the REM (raster entity manipulation) commands
■ Make vector additions to raster entities by using raster snap modes to snap
the new vectors to existing raster entities
■ Correlate images with AutoCAD coordinates or vectors
■ Select a color in an image and make it transparent
■ Clean up areas in raster images such as blueprints and floor plans
■ Correct distortions in images
Who Should Use Autodesk Raster Design?

Anyone who wants to edit, manage, and correlate raster images with
AutoCAD can benefit from the capabilities of Raster Design.
Architects To incorporate photographs and old hand-drawn plans into new

vector data for planning and presentation purposes before
remodeling, renovating, or doing historic reconstruction.
Cartographers To take advantage of real-world coordinate support. When

running on AutoCAD’s GIS based desktops, such as Autodesk
Land Desktop 3, and Autodesk Map® 5, Raster Design gives you
the ability to perform coordinate transformations.
Environmental To generate groundwater contours, locate wells, plot

specialists contamination values, and use scanned soil maps and geo-
referenced data for support of risk assessment.
Autodesk Raster Design Basics | 7

Geo-exploration To use remote sensing data for exploration planning, strata
specialists and mapping, and geo-technical applications.
engineers
Land planners To integrate imagery, maps, and terrain models into base maps
that depict change analysis.
Mechanical To easily update scanned drawings using raster entity

engineers manipulation (REM) commands.
Photogrammetric To use many image formats, including GeoTIFF and GeoSPOT.

and Remote Also, to use rubbersheeting and other correlation commands to
Sensing Firms integrate images into base maps.
Resource managers To use remote sensing data, scanned forest cover-type maps and
soil maps, and geo-referenced data and images for impact studies
in forestry, soil science, hydrology, and wildlife management.
Surveyors To perform deed analysis using images for photogrammetric

control by using the vectorization tools to convert raster to vector.
Town, city, county, To use scanned tax maps and ordinance surveys as references for
municipal and detailing city systems and GIS tasks.
state mapping
agencies
Autodesk Raster Design Documentation

About This Guide
This manual provides you with the information you need to get started with
Raster Design. Part I presents the fundamentals of Raster Design 2004. Part II
provides general installation and upgrade information as well as summaries
of supported formats and Raster Design commands. The glossary provides
definitions of terms used with the software.
When a feature is described in this guide, the associated dialog box is shown
along with instructions for using it. Key concepts summarize the feature’s
main points, and brief procedures outline step by step how to use the feature
and direct you to topics in the online documentation.
If you needed to insert an image, for example, you might check the table of
contents or the index. You would find that Chapter 3 contains the informa-
tion you need, with numbered steps to follow to complete the task. Some
steps include references to the Help.

For example:
To insert an image
Step Use to locate
1 Select Image ➤ Insert. Inserting Images

or
type iinsert.
In the left margin of many sections in this manual, you will see the following
format that contains topics in Help with more information.
Search Help for…
Inserting Images
Correlating Images
During Insertion
Online Documentation
In addition to this Getting Started guide, the following documentation is pro-
vided on the Raster Design CD or installed with the software:
■ Stand-alone and network installation, licensing, and deployment infor-
mation is provided on the Raster Design CD ROM and is accessible from
the Raster Design CD browser.
■ Online tutorials contain lessons to familiarize you with how Raster Design
works. The lessons include actual drawing files for you to work on. It is rec-
ommended that you run through the tutorials for an understanding of
how the Raster Design features are applied to real life scenarios.
■ The online Help contains all the information you need to work with raster
images and vector geometry.
Installation, Deployment, and Licensing Information

The Raster Design CD has it's own built-in browser, which enables you to eas-
ily and quickly locate the installation, licensing, and deployment informa-
tion you need for a quick and efficient installation.
Autodesk Raster Design Documentation | 9

■ For details about the stand-alone product installation, click the Stand-
Alone Installation Guide link under Step 1 on the Install tab of the browser.
The Install tab also provides access to the product Readme and Software &
System requirements information.
■ For details about stand-alone licensing, click the Stand-Alone Licensing
Guide link on the Documentation tab.
■ For details about network setup, configuration, and licensing, refer to the
Network Administrator's Guide and Network Licensing Guide, which are
accessible from the Network Deployment tab of the CD browser.
Online Tutorials
Each Raster Design tutorial contains a series of related lessons. A folder
containing the images and drawings used in the lessons accompanies each
tutorial.
In each lesson, you work with various images to explore particular features
of Raster Design. The lessons are organized based on how you would typically
work with the those types of images. You can complete the lessons in any
order you choose. The images and drawings used in later lessons do not
require you to have completed the earlier lessons.
As in online Help, most tutorial topics feature two tabs that separate the
information into different content types. The default tab displays procedural
information, while the second tab displays conceptual information about
the feature. To move between tabs, simply click the new tab.
You can access the tutorials by selecting Help on the Image menu and
choosing Autodesk Raster Design Tutorials.
Online Help
The Help files can provide you with detailed reference information about
options, commands and dialog boxes. You can access Raster Design Help files
by using several different methods. Each method takes you to a different
place in the Help file, and each method has its own benefits.

Accessing Help
Method Result Benefits
From the program Displays a help window This method can be useful when
group, select the Raster with two panes. The you are not sure which topic has
Design Help Files icon. navigation pane, on the the information you need. Since
left, includes Contents, the navigation pane remains open
or Index, and Search tabs. while you view the topic, the
Use these tabs to context in which the current topic
Select Image ➤ Help. display information in is located will often direct you to
the topic pane on the the information you need.
right side of the Help
window.
Click the Help button Displays the Help topic This method takes you directly to
when you have a dialog that describes the the information you need while
box open. options in the dialog you have the dialog box open.
box.
Press F1 when you are in Displays the Help topic This method takes you directly to
the middle of running a that describes the the information you need while
command and the command you are you are using a command.
command line prompts running.
you for input.
From the Image menu, Displays the Help topic This method takes you directly to
select a command and that describes the the information you need.
press F1. selected command.
Click a Help button in a Displays the Help topic This method takes you directly to
dialog box. that describes the the information that you need
options in the dialog while you have the dialog box
box. open.
Many topics in online Help feature three tabs that separate the information
into three content types: Conceot, Procedure, and Reference. To move
between tabs, simply click the tab.
Autodesk Raster Design Documentation | 11

The following procedure describes how to locate a topic title in the Help file.
To use Help to locate Raster Design Help topic titles
Steps
1 Select Image ➤ Help to display the main Help contents window.
2 Click the Search tab.

If you have not previously used the Search tab.
3 Type the keywords you want to search for, then click List Topics.
Topics with a similar title are listed.
4 Click the name of the topic you want to locate, and then click Display to view the
Help topic.
5 When the Help topic is displayed, you can print the topic by selecting
Options ➤ Print Topic or you can view related topics by clicking the blue,
underlined text.

Key Concepts: Help
When you open the Help file, the Help window is divided into two panes.
On the right is the navigation pane, where the Contents, Index, Favorites,
and Search tabs are displayed. Main topics are indicated on the Contents tab
by book icons. If you double-click, or open, the book icon, individual topics
are displayed under each book. To view a topic such as “Insert Images,” select
the page icon.
■ The Help window has four tabs: Contents, Index, Favorites, and Search.
■ Click the Index tab to view a list of Help topics. You can click any index
entry to view the topic for that entry. If more than one topic shares the
same index entry, then you can choose the topic that you want to view.
■ Click the Search tab if you want to search for specific words, for example,
to search for Help topic titles that are listed in this guide.
■ With a topic open, you can move to other relevant topics or definitions
by selecting the blue, underlined text.
■ You can click Back to move back to the previous topic.
Autodesk Raster Design Home Page

If you have an Internet connection, then you can find additional informa-
tion about Raster Design on the Raster Design home page. The Raster Design
home page includes information about technical support, purchasing infor-
mation, and how to access the Raster Design news group.
To access the Raster Design home page
Step
1 Select Image ➤ Raster Design Home Page.

or
Click the icon on the Raster Design toolbar.
or
Open http://www.autodesk.com/rasterdesignuser from your Web browser.
Autodesk Raster Design Home Page | 13

Getting Started
2
Autodesk Raster Design 2004 can read scanned and pho- In this chapter
tographic images, including GeoSPOT satellite images ■ Minimum System Requirements
■ Starting and configuring Raster
and wavelet compressed images. More than 80 percent
Design
of the world’s engineering drawings still exist as paper ■ Accessing the Raster Design
commands
drawings, which are sometimes damaged or misfiled
■ Using Raster Design and
and can be difficult to update. Raster Design provides an AutoCAD together
effective, low-cost method for archiving and updating ■ Using AutoCAD commands on
your images
these drawings.
15
To use Raster Design, you must convert your paper drawing to raster data.
You can use a large document scanner, a desktop scanner, or a hand-held
scanner to save the raster image to a file type that Raster Design can read. File
size is determined by the scan resolution (dots per inch), the file format, the
complexity of the drawing, and the size of the paper drawing being scanned.
Minimum Requirements
To run properly, Raster Design 2004 requires a minimum of the following
hardware and software. If your computer does not meet the minimum
requirements, upgrade your computer before installing any software, to
avoid problems later.
NOTE For complete instructions on installing Raster Design, see Appendix A,

“Installing Autodesk Raster Design” on page 109.
Software Requirements
One of the following AutoCAD 2004-based products:
■ AutoCAD® 2004
■ AutoCAD® Mechanical 2004
■ Autodesk® Mechanical Desktop 2004
■ Autodesk® Architectural Desktop 2004
■ Autodesk Map™ 2004
■ Autodesk® Land Desktop 2004
Hardware Requirements
You should have 75 MB of disk space available in addition to the minimum
system requirements of AutoCAD 2004, or the AutoCAD 2004–based product
upon which Raster Design is installed.
Network Installation of Raster Design

System administrators planning to install Raster Design on a network must
have TCP/IP installed and functioning on the computers that are running
Raster Design.
16 | Chapter 2 Getting Started

For more information on installing Raster Design on a network, see the Net-
work Administrator’s Guide, which is available from the Network Deployment
tab of the Raster Design CD Browser.
Using Autodesk Raster Design

You can use Raster Design to insert, edit, correlate, and convert raster images
in any AutoCAD drawing.
Using Raster Design you can:
■ Update existing paper drawings by scanning them, then adding vector

information or editing the raster entities.
■ Insert tiled quadrant sheets into a drawing using the correlation data
saved within the files.
■ Convert a grayscale contour map to a binary image you can then vectorize
and use to create a digital terrain model surface.
■ Correlate images so that they are positioned correctly within the
AutoCAD coordinate system.
■ Move, delete, and copy binary raster entities and areas on raster images.
Starting Autodesk Raster Design

Raster Design runs seamlessly with AutoCAD. The Raster Design setup
program automatically creates an icon that you can use to start both
programs.
To start the Raster Design programs
Steps Use to locate
1 To initialize AutoCAD and Raster Design, select the

Raster Design icon.
2 Select Image ➤ Insert to insert an image or select Inserting Images

Image ➤ Options to configure Raster Design.
Configuring Raster Design
Using Autodesk Raster Design | 17

Configuring Autodesk Raster Design
The options in the Raster Design Options dialog box control Raster Design
Search Help for…
settings, paths, memory, and the default correlation information for new
Configuring Raster Design images, image masks, and vector merge. These settings affect the entire draw-
ing and all images that are inserted into the drawing.
To access the Raster Design Options dialog box, and select Image ➤ Options,
or type ioptions.

Key Concepts: Configuring Autodesk Raster Design
You use the Raster Design Options dialog box to configure Raster Design. The
dialog box consists of the following tabs:
■ Paths sets the path for correlation files and the AutoPaste feature.
■ User Preferences controls image detachment, message display options,
and the mouse settings. This tab also allows you to set default Startup
options.
■ Feature Settings sets the option to save a thumbnail with your image. This
tab also controls locking settings, Remove Under settings, and the
rub/crop line width.
■ Image Defaults sets the default correlation information for an image, such
as insertion point, scale, rotation, and density value.
■ Memory specifies a temporary swap file for Raster Design to use if it runs
out of RAM. This tab also allocates the amount of system RAM to be used
for images.
■ New Image sets the default values for the creation of a new image, includ-
ing image properties and default color type.
■ Vector Merge sets the default behavior for future vector merge operations,
including expanding an image and respecting the display order.
■ REM sets the default properties for REM Objects, including clipboard set-
tings and REM Object color.
■ Raster Entity Detection sets the default values for detecting various types
of raster geometry using either single-pick or multi-pick methods.
■ Image Mask sets the default property values for future image masks,
including turning the mask on and off, showing how the mask affects the
images in the drawing, and defining the mask boundary.
■ VTools General sets the default options for most of the vectorization tools,
including the removal method; Line, Circle, Arc and Polyline settings; and
the vector separation table which allows you to assign layers and polyline
widths based on the width of the raster being traced.
■ VTools Follower sets the default options for the follower-enabled vector-
ization tools, including the follower color, and the settings for contours
and 3D polylines.
Configuring Autodesk Raster Design | 19

Accessing the Raster Design Commands
You can access the Raster Design commands from the Image menu, the short-
cut menu, the toolbar, or the command line. We suggest you experiment
with all options to determine which you prefer.
Image Menu
All Raster Design menu commands are located in the Image menu. The fol-
lowing chart outlines the commands you can access through the Image
menu, with sources for more information.
Image menu commands
Command name Functions
New Displays the New Image dialog box, which you can use to define
the frame and properties for an image you want to create.
In this manual: see “Creating New Images” on page 32.
Related Help topics:

■ Creating New Images
■ New Image Tab
■ New Image Dialog Box
Insert Displays the Insert Image dialog box that is used to insert images
into your current AutoCAD drawing.
Here you can also access the Correlation Function, which also
allows easy image correlation through the Correlation Wizard.
In this manual: see “Inserting Images” on page 34.

■ Insert Image Dialog Box
■ Inserting Images
■ Correlating Images

Image menu commands (continued)
Save, Save As, and Commands that you can use to export an image to a different file
Export format, save an image without saving the drawing, save an image
to another file name, location, or file type, or export the
correlation data associated with the image.
In this manual: see “Saving Images” on page 39 and “Exporting

Images” on page 40.

■ Saving an Image by Exporting
■ Saving Images
■ Saving an Image to Another File Name, Type, or Location
Correlate Commands you can use to correlate your image, by matching,

moving, scaling, or rubbersheeting.
In this manual: see “Correlating Images” on page 54.

■ Changing the Image Scale and Rotation
■ Moving an Image
■ Deskewing an Image
■ Scaling an Image
■ Rubbersheeting an Image
Manage Displays the Image Manage dialog box you can use to display
information about images or insertions, to change display order of
your insertions, to zoom to an image, to erase an image, to
change the active or saved path, and so on.
In this manual: see “Setting Up Your Data” on page 44.

■ Managing Images
■ Managing Images and Insertions
Cleanup Commands you can use to correct errors that may occur during
the scanning process. You can deskew, despeckle, invert, mirror,
or adjust an image’s bias.
In this manual see: see “Enhancing Images Using Image

Processing and Cleanup Commands” on page 61.

■ Modifying Images
■ Cleaning Up Images
Accessing the Raster Design Commands | 21

Image Processing Commands you can use to enhance the appearance of your
image or convert an image to a different image type: histogram,
convolve, bitonal filters, Change Density, Change Color Depth,
and Palette Manager.
In this manual: see “Enhancing Images Using Image Processing

and Cleanup Commands” on page 61.

■ Image Processing
Raster Entity Commands you can use to define and manipulate raster entities.
Manipulation REM edits binary, color, and grayscale raster data. Unlike
commands such as mirror, histogram, and invert, which operate
on a whole image, REM commands can be used to edit small
sections of an image.
In this manual: see “Editing Raster Using REM” on page 72.

■ Overview of Raster Entity Manipulation (REM) tools
■ Manipulating a REM Object
Mask Displays the New Image Mask dialog box that is used to create a
mask.
In this manual: see “Masking Images” on page 50.

■ Masking Images
Crop Commands you can use to crop images. Options are provided for
cropping a line, a circular region, a rectangular region, a diagonal
region, and a polygonal region.
In this manual: see “Removing (Rubbing and Cropping)” on page

65.

■ Cropping Images

Remove Commands you can use to rub a raster line, rub multiple line
segments, rub a donut, rub an arc, rub within a polygon region,
rub within a diagonal region, rub within a rectangle region, or
remove using existing geometry.
In this manual: see “Removing (Rubbing and Cropping)” on page

65.

■ Rubbing Images
Merge Commands you can use to merge images or vector data, and
select raster pens widths.
In this manual: see “Merging Images” on page 68.

■ Merging Images
■ Merging Vectors into a Raster Image
Vectorization Tools Commands you can use to convert a raster arc, circle, text, line,
polyline, rectangle, or contour to vector.
In this manual: see “Converting Raster to Vector” on page 91.

■ Converting Raster Entities to Vector
Recognize Text Commands you can use to convert raster text to AutoCAD text.
In this manual: see “Converting Raster Text to AutoCAD Text” on

page 101.

■ Changing Text Using Text Recognition
Snap Displays the Raster Snap tab you use to set the snapping mode.
In this manual: see “Snapping to Binary Raster Entities” on

page 88.

■ Raster Snapping
■ Raster Snap Tab
■ Specifying Raster Snap Settings
Accessing the Raster Design Commands | 23

Toggle Frames Changes the visibility of the image frame.

■ Configuring Raster Design
■ Changing the Image Frame Visibility
Toggle Quick Bar Changes the visibility of the Quick Bar.

■ Changing the Quick Bar Visibility
Options Displays the Raster Design Options dialog box that you can use to
configure Raster Design.
In this manual: see “Configuring Autodesk Raster Design” on

page 18.

■ Raster Design Options Dialog Box
■ Setting the Options
Help Displays the Raster Design User’s Guide in Help.
Raster Design Home Opens the Raster Design home page on the Internet, if you have
Page an internet connection and browser:
http://www.autodesk.com/rasterdesignuser
About Raster Design Displays Raster Design licensing information.
Toolbar
With the Raster Design toolbar, you can access commands quickly. When
Search Help for…
you pass your mouse over a tool icon, the name of the tool is displayed so
Raster Design Toolbar you can find out what the tool is used for. More detailed information about
a tool, such as the equivalent command you can type on the command line,
is displayed on the AutoCAD status bar at the bottom of the screen.
If you close a toolbar and want to display it again, hold the pointer over any
tool in an AutoCAD toolbar and right-click, then select the toolbar you want
from the shortcut menu.

Command Line
You can run most Raster Design commands by typing their names on the
command line. Many Raster Design commands start with the letter i. For
example, to run the histogram command, type ihistogram on the command
line.
For a detailed list of all the Raster Design commands, see Appendix C,
“Autodesk Raster Design Command Summary” on page 129 in this manual.
For each topic that is described in Help, the menu path for the command is
listed as well as the command line equivalent.
Using AutoCAD Imaging Commands

AutoCAD imaging commands and Raster Design commands are fully
Search Help for…
compatible with each other. The primary differences between them are based
Use AutoCAD Commands on their image editing capabilities and the methods they provide to insert,
on Images manage, and correlate images.
AutoCAD has basic imaging commands you can use to insert images, clip
images, and adjust image appearance.
AutoCAD command What you can use it for

IMAGE Attach, detach, load, reload, and unload images.
IMAGEADJUST Adjust the brightness and contrast of an image, and fade

the image (display-only adjustments).
IMAGEATTACH Attach (or insert) images.
IMAGECLIP Clip an image so that only a selected polygonal area of

the image is displayed.
IMAGEQUALITY Change between high and draft display modes.
IMAGEFRAME Turn frames on and off.
TRANSPARENCY Turn transparency on and off.
NOTE AutoCAD commands are shown in UPPERCASE. Raster Design com-

mands have an initial capital letter, for example, Histogram. When you type a
Raster Design command on the command line, the letter “i” precedes the
command name.
Using AutoCAD Imaging Commands | 25

The next sections describe the differences between AutoCAD imaging
commands and Raster Design commands.
Image Editing
Using the AutoCAD imaging commands, you can modify image display
values such as brightness and contrast, and you can clip an image so that
only part of the image is displayed in the drawing. However, these adjust-
ments affect only how the image appears in your drawing. You cannot use
AutoCAD by itself to permanently edit the image pixels.
Raster Design was designed to work with AutoCAD so that you can perma-
nently edit your images. For example, if you make adjustments to the
brightness and contrast of an image using the Raster Design Image ➤ Editing
Filters ➤ Histogram (ihistogram) command, you can save the edits to the
image file itself. Then, whenever you open a drawing that contains that
image file, the image appears with the correct brightness and contrast values.
If, on the other hand, you use the AutoCAD IMAGEADJUST command to
adjust the brightness of an image and you have the same image inserted into
another drawing, you must repeat the same changes to the image in the
other drawing.
Image Insertion and Correlation

Images you insert using the AutoCAD IMAGE command are completely com-
patible with images you insert using the Raster Design Image ➤ Insert
(iinsert) command. For example, if you insert images using the Raster Design
Insert command and you then save the drawing, the images are displayed
and correlated if you open the drawing using AutoCAD without Raster
Design.
Unlike AutoCAD, Raster Design respects correlation from various sources.
Whenever you insert an image using the Insert, Raster Design searches for
correlation files that are associated with that image. Then you can decide
which source to use.
These correlation sources include correlation that was saved in the image file,
resource files, world files, and the defaults that you specify in the Raster
Design Options dialog box. Using AutoCAD alone, you must manually spec-
ify the correlation data.

Image Manage
AutoCAD stores only one definition of each image you insert into a drawing,
even if you have multiple copies of the same image in the drawing. The def-
inition is referred to as the image, while each copy is referred to as an insertion.
You can manage the images and insertions in your drawing using the Raster
Design Image ➤ Manage (imanage) dialog box.
Using the Images tab of the Image Manage dialog box, you can attach,
detach, load, and unload images. Attaching an image is equivalent to insert-
ing an image. Unloading an image removes the image from memory, speed-
ing up system performance.
Using the Insertions tab of the Image Manage dialog box, you can change the
display order of the images, zoom to an image, and erase an image from the
drawing. Each image you insert into the drawing—whether it is a copy of an
image or an unnamed image you created by merging two images together—
is listed in the Image Manage dialog box. This is helpful if you have more
than one copy of an image in your drawing.
Key Concepts: Imaging Commands

■ When you use the AutoCAD IMAGEATTACH command, you “attach” an
image to the drawing. If this terminology sounds familiar to you, it is
because AutoCAD uses a similar “attach” option to link xrefs to an
AutoCAD drawing.
■ You cannot actually edit the raster data of an image using AutoCAD with-
out Raster Design. To permanently edit an image, you must use an image
editing program like Raster Design.
Using AutoCAD Commands on Your Images

Because image frames are treated as AutoCAD objects, you can modify your
images using many of the AutoCAD commands you already know, such as
MOVE, COPY, ROTATE, and SCALE.
Using AutoCAD grips, you can select image frames and vectors and then
choose an editing command. You can edit both raster images and vector
objects at the same time by including both in your selection set.
Using AutoCAD Commands on Your Images | 27

NOTE You can use the AutoCAD UNDO command for up to ten Raster Design
image edits. This limit applies to edits that actually change raster data, not to
display-only changes. Some of the commands that are affected by this limit are
REM, Histogram, Rub, Crop, and Rubbersheet.
This table lists some frequently used AutoCAD commands.
AutoCAD command What you can use it for
REGEN Restore the correct display order of images. When you edit
an image, the image is placed on top of any other images or
vectors in your drawing. Use the AutoCAD REGEN command
to restore the images to their correct order.
LAYER Control the display of images. You can insert each image on
a different layer and then use the LAYER options to turn the
image layers on or off, freeze them, change their colors, or
lock them to prevent the images on them from being
edited.
ZOOM and PAN Zoom to images and pan across images.
UNDO Undo the effects of a Raster Design command.
DVIEW Rotate the UCS to any degree to view the images at a

different angle.
NOTE You cannot edit an image if you use the VPOINT
command to change the drawing viewpoint to anything
other than 0,0,1.
PLOT Plot an image.
GRIP EDIT Edit an image using grip editing commands.
SCALE Scale a REM Object.
OSNAP(s) Snap to image frames and REM objects.

Exiting the Programs
When you have completed your editing session, you can exit AutoCAD and
Raster Design, or you can start a new editing session by opening an existing
drawing or creating a new drawing.
You can exit AutoCAD and Raster Design by using any of the following
methods:
■ Select File ➤ Exit.

■ Type exit or quit.
■ Click the close box in the upper-right corner of the AutoCAD window.
When you exit, you will be prompted to save your drawing and any edits you
have made to the images. Any image correlation information, such as inser-
tion point, scale, and rotation, is saved in the drawing file. Any edits you
have made to the images are saved in the image files.
NOTE Use the Image ➤ Export (iexport) command if you want to save the
correlation information to a separate file.
You have the option to save edits you made to your images, or you can dis-
card any unsaved edits by “skipping” over a specific image you edited. The
Save Image dialog box is displayed when you save or exit a drawing with
images you have edited.
You can use these options to save all edited images, skip all edited images, or
save selected images before exiting the programs.
Using AutoCAD Commands on Your Images | 29

Creating, Inserting, and
Saving Images
3
After you are familiar with the basics of Autodesk Raster In this chapter
Design, you are ready to begin working with your ■ Creating new images
■ Inserting raster images into
images.
AutoCAD drawings
This section describes the various methods of saving ■ Saving images

■ Exporting your data
your image data, so that your image files are in the
correct format when they need to be used again.
31
Creating New Images
You can create a new blank image that you can use with the Image Merge and
Search Help for…
Vector Merge commands. When you create a new image, you begin by defin-
Creating New Images ing an image frame. After you have created a new image, you must save it to
Configuring Raster Design establish a link between the drawing and the image file.
To create a new image with Raster Design
Steps
1 From the menu, select Image ➤ New.
2 In the New Image dialog box, click Pick and specify two points on the screen to draw
a frame.
3 In the AutoCAD Properties section, enter the correlation information insertion point,
scale, and rotation.
32 | Chapter 3 Creating, Inserting, and Saving Images

To create a new image with Raster Design (continued)
Steps
4 In the Color Type section, choose one of the following options when you create a
new image:
■ Bitonal. Image that contains only two colors.
■ Grayscale. Image that contains up to 256 shades of gray.
■ Indexed Color. Image that contains up to 256 different colors.
■ True Color. Image that contains over 16.7 million colors. This type uses more
system resources.
5 In the Image Properties section, specify the width and height of the new image in
pixels per unit of measurement.
6 Enter a value to define the density of the new image.
7 Turn off Show This Dialog to access the command line.
8 Use the default insertion point coordinates you set in the Raster Design Options
dialog box.
9 Type inew to define the properties of the image that you want to create. When you
want to define the properties for more than one new image, use the New Image
configuration tab on the Raster Design Options dialog box.
Key Concepts: Creating a New Image

■ You can create a new image that contains binary, grayscale, indexed color,
or true color.
■ You can preview the properties of the new image before you insert it.
■ You can create a new image using the Raster Design Image ➤ New (inew)
command.
■ You can turn off Show This Dialog to access the command line interface.
Creating New Images | 33

Inserting Images
You can insert any number of raster images into an AutoCAD drawing. When
Search Help for…
you insert an image, it is placed in a frame, and a link is created between the
Inserting Images drawing and the image file.
When you insert one image with the Raster Design Image ➤ Insert (iinsert)
command, the Insert Image dialog box is displayed. On the right side of the
dialog box, you can preview the image and information such as file type,
color depth, density, and so on. The column of folders along the left side of
the Insert Images dialog box is called the Places List. It contains shortcuts to
local folders such as your Favorites folder or My Documents folder (or Personal
folder, depending on which operating system you are using).
The Places List also includes a History folder which displays the folders you
have used most recently.
If you have Microsoft® Internet Explorer (version 4.71 or higher), and access
Search Help for… to the Internet, you can open image files from the Internet. There are several
ways to access images from the Internet:
Inserting an Image From
the Internet Using the
Insert Image Dialog Box ■ Click the Search the Web icon at the top of the dialog box to display the
AutoCAD Web browser, with which you can specify an Internet location
and select an image to insert.
■ Click the Buzzsaw icon in the Places List to access projects hosted on
Buzzsaw.com.
■ Click the FTP icon to browse FTP sites and select an image to insert.

When you insert an image, that image must be correlated in the drawing.
Correlation is simply a means of positioning the image using known
Search Help for…
coordinates.
Correlating Images
During Insertion You can correlate your inserted image in three different ways during the
Transform Page
insertion process as shown in the following illustration.
Show Frames Only and Zoom to Image are always available and are indepen-
dent of Correlation. If you select Show Frames Only, only the image frame
will be inserted into your drawing. If you select Zoom to Image, Raster Design
zooms to the extents of the image after it is correlated.
You can use Quick Insert for automatic correlation during image insertion.
Quick Insert uses the highest order correlation source available to perform
the image insertion. There are no options to specify with Quick Insert; the
image is simply inserted after you click Open on the Insert Image dialog box.
You can change the default correlation information by using the Image
Defaults tab on the Raster Design Options dialog box.
For the new or intermediate Raster Design user, the Correlation Wizard is rec-
ommended. Because the Wizard goes through the correlation process step by
step, it helps you to understand the different correlation options required for
proper image insertion. The Correlation Wizard is the default Insert Option.
You can use the Correlation dialog box if you are an experienced user and
want to quickly establish correlation parameters with minimal keystrokes. If
you are unsure about the correlation options required for proper image inser-
tion, you may want to use the default, the Correlation Wizard. If you choose
to use the Correlation dialog box, any changes you make are incorporated
the next time you use the correlation feature.
If you choose the Correlation Wizard, or the Correlation dialog box, you are
prompted with three pages:
■ Pick Correlation Source

■ Modify Correlation Values
■ Insertion
If you are running Autodesk Map or Autodesk Land Desktop, you will also be
prompted with the Transform Page.
Inserting Images | 35
Pick Correlation Source Page
When you insert an image, Raster Design searches for all available correlation
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files for the image and displays them in the Correlation Source list.
Pick Correlation
Source Page
Depending on what type of image you are inserting and whether or not a
resource file or a world file exists for the image, you might see the following
sources listed.
■ Image File: For certain types of images, correlation data can be saved as
part of an image file. These file types include RLC, IG4, IGS, GeoTags in
GeoTIFF, or HDR File in SPOT.
■ Resource File: Can be created by the Raster Design Export command or
previous versions of Raster Design ESP. Resource files have an .res file
extension.
■ World File: Can be created by the Raster Design Export command for all
image formats. World files have different file extensions, depending on
file type.
■ Image Defaults: The values you set in the Raster Design Options
dialog box.
The information displayed on the Pick Correlation Source page reflects the
values stored in the correlation source you have chosen.

Modify Correlation Values Page
You can use the Modify Correlation Values Page to specify the correlation
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values of insertion point, scale, and rotation for a specific insertion.
Modify Correlation Although you start with the values read from the correlation file and then
Values Page modify them for a specific image insertion, the original correlation values
stored in the file are not modified.
NOTE If you are running Raster Design on Autodesk Map or Autodesk Civil
Design, Density Units appear only if a global coordinate system is not set.
You can modify the correlation source values by entering new values or by
pasting values from the clipboard.
Insertion Page
You can use the Insertion Page to view and change the AutoCAD insertion
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point, scale, and rotation after any unit conversions have been applied.
Insertion Values Page
You might need to change an image’s scale by reducing or enlarging it. For
example, you may want to change a scale in reference to the zoom factor you
are using in AutoCAD.
Inserting Images | 37
The Insertion page is used when you want to apply a coordinate system
transformation. You may change the existing values by entering new ones or
by manually picking coordinates from the screen. You can also change the
color of the image.
With the Raster Design Insert command, you can insert several images at the
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same time. When you select more than one image to insert, the default
Inserting Images correlation information (from a resource file, world file, image file, or inser-
Inserting an Image Using tion defaults) is used to automatically position the images. This option is
the Command Line very useful when you have a group of images, such as tiled quadrant sheets,
that have correlation data stored with the images.
Key Concepts: Insert

■ You can insert binary, grayscale, and up to 32-bit color images.
■ You can preview an image and view its statistics before you insert it.
■ You can insert images using either the Raster Design Image ➤ Insert
(iinsert) command or the AutoCAD IMAGE command. However, if you
want to insert an image using a correlation source such as a resource or
world file, then you must use the Raster Design iinsert command.
■ If you set the AutoCAD FILEDIA variable to <0>, then you can bypass the
Insert Image dialog box when you insert an image. After you enter the
Insert command on the command line, simply type the name of the
image you want to insert.

Saving Images
There are a few methods you can use to save an image you have edited. One
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method is to save your drawing file using the AutoCAD SAVE command.
Saving Images With this command, you will be prompted to save the images you have
edited. Because there is a link between the drawing and the image files, the
image data is not stored in the drawing file, but in a separate file on disk.
You can also choose to save an image without saving the drawing file by
using the Image ➤ Save (isave) command. You can use this command to save
more than one image at a time.
If you want to save an image to a different name, file type, or location, then
you can use the Image ➤ Save As (isaveas) command. Using this command,
you can convert a read-only file to a file you can edit.
Key Concepts: Saving Images

■ When you save your drawing using the AutoCAD SAVE command, the
correlation information (insertion point, rotation, scale, and image file-
name) is saved in the drawing file. Edits you have made to the images are
saved in the image files.
■ When you use AutoCAD SAVE, you are prompted to save only the image
files you have edited. You have the option of either saving each edited
image individually, or saving all of the edited images in your drawing. You
can skip over an image if you don’t want to save the changes you made.
■ If a new image has been created in your drawing—by using the inew
command, the vmerge command, or a REM command, you will be
prompted to name the new image when you save the drawing.
■ If you use the AutoCAD IMAGE command to detach an image, which
erases all references to it in the drawing, Raster Design first checks to see
if the image has been edited. If so, you are prompted to save the image
before continuing. You can cancel the Detach command, you can save the
edits, or you can detach the image without saving the edits.
Saving Images | 39
Exporting Images
When you save an AutoCAD drawing file containing a raster image, the
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image correlation data is saved in the drawing file. Therefore, the next time
Saving an Image by you open the drawing, the image is displayed with the correct insertion
Exporting point, scale, and rotation angle. This correlation data is saved only in the
drawing file, not in the image file itself.
If you want to insert the image into another drawing and use the same
correlation data for the image, you can manually correlate the image again,
or you can save time by creating a correlation file for the image. Then, the
next time you insert the image into a drawing, you can simply choose the
correlation file as the correlation source, and the image is positioned, scaled,
and rotated correctly. No additional correlation is required.
To create a correlation file to use in other drawings or programs, you can
export the image using the Image ➤ Export ➤ Image (iexport) command.
When you export an image, not only can you create a correlation file for the
image, but you can also save the image with a different name, file format, or
location.
You can also export the correlation file itself, without exporting the associ-
ated image using the Image ➤ Export ➤ World (iworldout) command. The
resulting world file retains the file name of the associated image, but the file
extension is modified to indicate that the file is a world file (for instance,
exporting a world file for the image lakshor.tif will create the file lakshor.tfw).
You can choose the type of correlation data you want to create by using the
Export Options dialog box.

For all image types, you can save the correlation data as a resource file or a
world file. For certain image types, you can also save correlation information
within the image file itself.
Key Concepts: Exporting Images

■ When you export an image, you have the option of maintaining the link
between the drawing and the newly saved image by selecting Maintain
Drawing Link to Image. If you don’t specify a different image name, file
format, or file location when you export the image, maintaining the link
has no effect. However, if you do change any of these variables, a new
image file is created. The new image file will replace the image file that
currently exists in the drawing (if the Maintain Drawing Link to Image
check box is selected).
For example, if Maintain Drawing Link to Image is selected when you
export image.tif, and you specify picture.tif as the new filename for the
exported image, picture.tif replaces image.tif in your drawing. If Maintain
Drawing Link to Image is not selected, image.tif remains in the drawing
and picture.tif is saved to the file you specified.
■ When you export an image and choose Resource File as the correlation
output type, a resource file with the extension .res is created for the image
in the path specified in the Raster Design Options dialog box. You can
create resource files for all image types.
NOTE Resource files are specific to Raster Design. If you want to create a
correlation file that can be used by other programs, you need to create a
world file.
■ When you export an image and choose World File as the correlation
output type, a world file is created for the image in the same directory
where the image is located. You can create world files for all image types.
■ You can insert a read-only image into a drawing and then save it to a read-
write format using the Export command or the Save As command.
However, only the Export command saves the image correlation
information.
■ When you export rotated images, Raster Design gives you the option to
“burn in” the rotation, which means that, although the image still
appears rotated, it is inserted into a frame with a rotation of zero.
Exporting Images | 41
Setting Image Properties
4
In this chapter, you will learn how to manage your In this chapter
images for maximum efficiency as you work. ■ Setting up data about each
image in your drawing
From the Image Manage dialog box, you can manage ■ Changing image properties-
layer, color, linetype, and display
image files, change their display order or their active
■ Making a color transparent
path, even export images to the internet.
■ Masking images
43
Setting Up Your Data
When you first insert an image into your drawing, you create one instance
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of that image (called an insertion) in the drawing. If you place copies of the
Managing Images same image in the drawing, each copy is treated as a separate insertion of the
same image. The Image Manage dialog box is divided into two tabs that allow
you to control attributes for insertions and images separately:
You can use the Insertions tab to:
■ change the display order of insertions

■ preview insertions
■ erase insertions
■ show or hide insertions
■ save or export insertions
■ zoom to insertions
You can use the Images tab to:
■ show the relationship of images and insertions in the drawing

■ rename images
■ detach images
■ unload or reload images
■ change or save the active path in the drawing
From the Image menu, select Manage.
Click the buttons Right-click on

to move selected an image name
insertions forward to display the
or back in the shortcut menu.
display order list.
NOTE You can click the Help button in the dialog box to see a Help topic that
describes each column of this dialog box.
44 | Chapter 4 Setting Image Properties

To manage images with the Image Manage dialog box
Steps Use to locate
1 Insert two images into your drawing so that one of Inserting Images
the images is on top of the other image.
2 Select Image ➤ Manage to display the Image Managing Images and

Manage dialog box. Insertions
The last image you inserted is at the top of the list.
3 On the Insertions tab of the Image Manage dialog Changing the Display Order
box, select the second image, then use the Move of the Images
Forward button to move the second listed image
name up in the list so that it is now above the other
image name.
The image is now displayed on top of the other
image instead of below it.
4 From the list, select the name of one of the images, Zooming to an Image
and click Zoom To.
This option is helpful if you insert an image using an
insertion point that is outside your current AutoCAD
display window, or if you insert an image using a
different scale factor.
5 With the image name still selected, click Properties. Changing Image Properties
In the AutoCAD Properties dialog box you can adjust
color, layer, and linetype information, and pick the
transparency color.
Key Concepts: Image Manage

■ To access the Image Manage dialog box, you can select Image ➤ Manage,
or you can type imanage.
■ If you have edited an image but not yet saved it, an asterisk (*) is displayed
next to the image name. After you save the image, the asterisk disappears.
■ If there is more than one insertion of an image in your drawing, the Image
Manage dialog box numbers the insertions. For example, if there are two
insertions of cadplot.tif in your drawing, then you would see cadplot and
cadplot:1 listed.
Setting Up Your Data | 45

■ If you edit an insertion of an image, such as cadplot:2, the naming conven-
tion changes to indicate that the image has been edited. The image is then
listed in the Image Manage dialog box as cadplot_1*.
■ The image listed first in the Image Manage dialog box is displayed on top
of all other images it overlaps. The image that is listed last is displayed
under images that overlap it. To modify this order, drag the names of the
images up or down in the list.
TIP You can also use the AutoCAD to modify the display order. From the
AutoCAD Tools menu, choose Display Order.
Because images are also AutoCAD entities, an image that you edit appears
to be placed on top of other images and vectors, even though the image
display order has not actually been changed. Use the AutoCAD REGEN
command to restore the images and vectors to their correct order.
Changing Layer, Color, Linetype, and Display

Each image in your drawing has properties you can control. You can access
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all of the image and mask properties on AutoCAD’s Properties dialog box.
Changing Image
Properties

Raster Design - specific properties include:
■ Color
■ Linetype
■ Brightness
■ Contrast
■ Show image
■ Show clipped image
■ Show non-ortho
■ Transparency color
It is recommended that you use the AutoCAD Properties dialog box to

manipulate your images. This combines AutoCAD functionality with that of
Raster Design, providing an environment that is easy to use.
For more information on AutoCAD’s Properties dialog box, see
AutoCAD 2004 Command Reference in the AutoCAD Help or printed
AutoCAD 2004 User’s Guide.
Key Concepts: Image Properties

■ You can select an image in the drawing, right-click, and then select
Properties to access the AutoCAD Properties dialog box.
■ Each image has its own properties. However, you can select multiple
images and set all their properties at the same time.
■ Color selects a transparency color for a grayscale or color image and turns
transparency on and off.
■ Layer moves the selected image(s) to another layer.
■ Linetype chooses a different linetype for the image frame.
■ Display controls whether the image or only the frame is displayed in the
drawing, whether to use color or display in transparency color, whether
clipped areas are displayed, or whether images rotated at an angle other
than 0, 90, 180, 270 (nonortho images) are displayed.
Changing Layer, Color, Linetype, and Display | 47

Applying Transparency Color
In binary images, the transparency color is always the background color of
the image. In color and grayscale images, you can choose which color to
make transparent. You can selectively turn on transparency. When
transparency is on, the image pixels that are drawn in the transparency
color become transparent. When transparency is off, the pixels become
solid again.
To make a color transparent
Steps Use to locate
1 Select a color or grayscale image, right-click and Selecting an Image

select Properties to access the AutoCAD Properties
dialog box.
2 On the Design tab, click Transparency and

choose Yes.
3 To choose a color to make transparent, select a color Changing the Transparency

image, right-click and select Properties to access the Color of an Image
AutoCAD Properties dialog box.
4 On the Design tab, select Transparency Color and

click to display the Transparency Color
dialog box.
5 Click Select< to choose a transparency color.

Now you can see through pixels drawn in the
transparency color.

Transparency on Transparency off
When transparency for the parcel When transparency for the parcel
map is enabled, you can see the map is disabled, you cannot see
underlying aerial photograph. the underlying aerial photograph.
Aerial photographs under a parcel map
You can make only one color in each image transparent. The transparency
color has three uses:
■ You can make all pixels of a specified color transparent. For example, if
you specify black as the transparency color for an image, then you can
make each black pixel in the image transparent.
■ Any time you use Rub or Crop, the rubbed or cropped areas are displayed
in the transparency color. For example, if you choose blue as the transpar-
ency color, all rubs are displayed in blue. If you turn on transparency for
that image, the rubbed areas become transparent. For more information,
see “Removing (Rubbing and Cropping)” on page 65.
■ When you merge two images together, any blank space is filled with the
transparency color of the destination image. For more information, see
“Merging Images” on page 68.
Key Concepts: Transparency Color

■ You can make one color in each grayscale and color image transparent by
selecting a transparency color for the image. To make the color transpar-
ent, select Yes to Transparency in the AutoCAD Properties dialog box. To
turn off transparency, select No to Transparency.
■ For binary images, you can turn transparency on or off, which means that
the background area on a binary image will be either transparent or solid.
You cannot choose a transparency color for a binary image. The
transparency color is always the background color. By default, binary
Applying Transparency Color | 49

images are always inserted with transparency on so that the background
is transparent.
■ The image pixels are not erased or permanently modified when you make
a color transparent. You can restore the original pixel color by selecting No
to Transparency in the AutoCAD Properties dialog box.
Masking Images
To display and plot a subset of the images in your drawing, you can use an
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image mask. An image mask hides, moves, or does not affect the images that
Masking Images are completely outside the mask boundary. The mask boundary is an
AutoCAD object that you can move, stretch, scale, and erase like any other
AutoCAD object.
You can control how the mask affects the images outside the image mask by
using the New Image Mask dialog box.
You can mask images using a rectangular or polygonal boundary. For

example, in the following illustration, the polygonal mask was created with
the Hide Image(s) option.

The third illustration shows what happens when you select the Show Image
Frame(s) option.
Tiled quad sheets, with Polygonal mask Polygonal mask with image
image frames visible frames visible
Effects of polygonal mask on a group of tiled quad sheets
A mask is similar to an image clip that you can create with the AutoCAD
IMAGECLIP command, but a Raster Design mask is more global than a clip
because it affects all the images in your drawing instead of only one image.
Like a clip, a mask does not permanently modify the images. You can turn
off the mask to redisplay all the images. You can also convert the mask to
individual image clips. Converting a mask to image clips converts the global
mask to clips on each image.
Masking Images | 51
Image Editing
5
When you edit images with Autodesk Raster Design, you In this chapter
work seamlessly with AutoCAD. You can edit, convert, ■ Correlating images with the
AutoCAD coordinate system
manipulate, and save images in formats compatible
■ Rubbersheeting
with your application, and you can share images with ■ Enhancing images using the
Histogram editing filter
others.
■ Enhancing images using image
processing and cleanup
commands
■ Managing the image palette
■ Selecting images
■ Rubbing and cropping images
■ Merging images
53
Correlating Images
Correlating refers to the process of positioning an image within the AutoCAD
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coordinate system so the scale, rotation, and coordinates match AutoCAD
Correlating an Image units and coordinates. When you insert an image, you can specify units,
After Insertion position, scale, and rotation for the image. After you insert the image, you
can fine tune the correlation by matching the image to existing geometry or
even correct distortions in the image that were caused by poor scanning, lens
distortion, paralax, and so on.
Raster Design has several commands you can use to correlate images after
they are inserted. These commands are located in the Image ➤ Correlate
menu. The correlation commands include the following:
■ Match (imatch) for matching the position, scale, and rotation of an image
to another image or to existing geometry.
■ Scale (iscale) and Displace (idisplace), for scaling, and moving images
(respectively).
■ Rubbersheet (irsheet) for correcting distortions within the image (see the
following section, “Rubbersheeting an Image After Correlation” on
page 55).
One way to correlate an image is to use an existing correlation source. To do

this, you can select the correlation source when you insert the image. The
Insert command opens the Correlation Wizard. The Correlation Wizard
searches for any correlation files that might exist, and lists the available files
to choose from on the Pick Correlation Source Page.
The Correlation sources that Raster Design can use are resource files, world
files, and image files that contain stored correlation information.
For more information about inserting images with the Correlation Wizard or
the Correlation dialog box, see Chapter 3, “Creating, Inserting, and Saving
Images” on page 31.
54 | Chapter 5 Image Editing

Rubbersheeting an Image After Correlation
Image distortions can sometimes prevent you from aligning an image in your
drawing. You can use the Rubbersheet command to:
■ Fix distortions in aerial photography caused by aircraft tilt, camera

distortion, and unevenness of terrain.
■ Save money on orthophotography when absolute accuracy is not
required.
■ Correct most of the distortions in an image resulting from paralax.
Rubbersheeting works by transforming an image so that points you specify

in the image match corresponding points in the drawing as closely as
possible. These matched points, consisting of a “source” point in the image,
and a “destination” point in the drawing, are known collectively as “control
points.” You can enter control points by picking them directly from the
image, or you can use the Grid tool to make a grid of destination points that
you match to their corresponding source points.
NOTE If you are using Autodesk Land Desktop, you can substitute COGO
points by typing .P, .G, or .N when Raster Design prompts you to enter destina-
tion points. For more information see, “Snapping to COGO Points” in Help.
Raster Design features two methods for transforming the image:
■ The Triangular method uses the control points you enter to triangulate the
image, then performs a series of small transformations on those triangular
areas. The area to be transformed is called the convex hull and is defined by
the outermost destination points. Image data outside the convex hull is
discarded. If you want to preserve more image data, you should place con-
trol points near the extents of the image.
■ The Polynomial method uses the control points you specify to perform a
single transformation based on the entire image. However, the Polynomial
method does not always result in perfectly matched control points. The
resulting error is expressed as a numerical distance in the Rubbersheet
dialog box and is displayed graphically on the image after the control
points have been entered. By adjusting the Polynomial Degree upward,
you can reduce the error and increase the accuracy of the matching
Correlating Images | 55
points. However, this reduced error can create a higher degree of warping
as the image is transformed more dramatically to match the control
points. Therefore, you should use the lowest possible polynomial degree
that still gives you acceptable results. Higher polynomial degrees result in
smaller errors at the control points, but also result in more warping in
places where there are no control points.
TIP Rubbersheeting is best suited for making minor transformations to an

image. For best results, start with a comprehensive and accurate network of
survey control points, then use match and scale before rubbersheeting to get
the image as close to the desired results as possible. You should have a good
spread of control points over the entire image. When you do not want the
image to move, you can specify anchor points.
In the Rubbersheet dialog box, add control points to your image or import a
control point file to apply to your image. After your points are added to your
image, click Export to save your control point set.

Key Concepts: Correlating Images
■ You can correlate an image when you are inserting it or after it has been
inserted into the drawing.
■ You can use the AutoCAD Properties dialog box to modify the insertion
point, scale, and rotation of an image.
■ You can use the iscale or idisplace commands to move, or scale the image.
These commands allow you to rotate, scale, or move an image based on
reference points you select from the raster image.
■ You can also use AutoCAD commands like MOVE, SCALE, and ROTATE to
correlate an image.
■ There are two rubbersheeting methods you can use to correct distortions
in an image. The Polynomial method transforms the entire image to
approximate your control points. The Triangular method transforms the
image to exactly match your control points. However, image data outside
of the convex hull of control points is discarded.
■ You can save the correlation information by exporting the image after you
correlate it. When you export an image, you can create a resource file, a
world file, or both, which you or others can use to correlate the image in
another drawing or another software program. For more information
about exporting, see “Exporting Images” on page 40.
Enhancing Images Using the Histogram

Editing Filters
The Raster Design Histogram is a set of multi-purpose editing filters you can
use to permanently change the appearance of grayscale and color images. A
histogram is a bar graph that represents the number of pixels per pixel shade
in a selected image or images. Dark pixels are shown on the left, grays or mid-
tones are in the middle, and lighter shades are on the right. The number of
pixels per pixel shade is represented by the height of the corresponding bar.
Enhancing Images Using the Histogram Editing Filters | 57

When you use the Image ➤ Image Processing ➤ Histogram (ihistogram) com-
mand on an image, a histogram is created for that image in the Histogram
dialog box, as shown in the following illustration.
The Histogram dialog box has several options you can use to modify the
image histogram. For example, you can
■ Adjust the brightness and contrast of one or more images using the
Brightness/Contrast tab.
■ Maximize the image detail using the Equalize tab.
■ Convert grayscale and color images to binary images using the
Threshold tab.
■ Convert color images to grayscale using the Color to Grayscale tab.
■ Adjust the contrast in a non-linear fashion using the Tonal
Adjustment tab.
The AutoCAD IMAGEADJUST command makes display-only adjustments,

but the edits you make to an image using the Histogram command are
permanent. Therefore, if you edit the image using the Histogram command,

save the image, and then insert the image into another drawing, the changes
you made with the Histogram command will be respected.
You can limit the effect of brightness, contrast, equalizing, or tonal adjust-
ments to a portion of the image called a sub-region. You can define a sub-
region using one of four methods:
■ Use an existing closed vector entity to define the region.

■ Use an existing image clip.
■ Define a rectangular sub-region by clicking two-points.
■ Define a polygonal sub-region by clicking several points.
For indexed color images (8-bit), histogram changes may effect the image
outside the sub-region depending on which sub-region option you select:
■ Retain current palette applies your changes to the sub-region by mapping

to the closest colors from the current palette. This option maintains the
current palette and will not affect pixels outside the selected region.
■ Rebuild palette with all colors creates a new palette to best accommodate
all colors in the entire image. Because this image changes the palette,
pixels inside and outside the sub-region may be affected by this option.
■ Rebuild palette with new colors also creates a new palette, but this option
guarantees that colors in the sub-region are included in the palette by
giving preference to those pixels over pixels outside the sub-region.
Because this image changes the palette, pixels outside the sub-region may
be affected by this option.
To make tonal adjustments to a portion of an image
Steps Use to locate
1 Select an image you want to adjust. Selecting an Image

You can adjust only grayscale and color images using
the histogram.
2 Select Image ➤ Image Processing ➤ Histogram to Making Tonal Adjustments

create the histogram for the image(s) that you to an Image
selected.
3 Type W and press ENTER, then enter two points to

define a rectangular sub-region.
The histogram is displayed in the Histogram dialog
box.
4 Click the Tonal Adjustment tab, and view the selected

image in the Preview area.
Enhancing Images Using the Histogram Editing Filters | 59

To make tonal adjustments to a portion of an image (continued)
Steps Use to locate
5 In the Select Curve Type drop-down list, choose

Fitted, then click and drag on the curve to adjust the
contrast in certain parts of the histogram until the
image preview appears the way that you want it to.
6 In the Apply Changes To section, select the Sub-

Region option.
7 If the image is an 8-bit color image, select Rebuild

palette with new colors from the Sub-Region Options
drop-down list.
This option creates a new palette, but guarantees
that colors in the sub-region are included in the
palette. Because this image changes the palette,
pixels outside the sub-region may be affected by this
option.
8 Click Close to exit the dialog box.
Key Concepts: Enhancing Grayscale and Color Images

■ You cannot view a histogram of a binary image because binary images
only have two colors.
■ The histogram adjustments affect all images that are currently selected,
not just the image displayed in the preview. You can preview how the
histogram adjustments will affect an image in the selection set by clicking
its name in the list of images.
■ For color images, you can modify all channels (Red, Green, and Blue)
together or separately.
■ For indexed color images (8-bit), histogram changes may effect the image
outside the sub-region depending on which sub-region option you select.
■ If you make changes to the display of the image using the AutoCAD
IMAGEADJUST command, then the image that is saved to disk is
displayed in the Histogram Preview area. If you make changes to the
image with the ihistogram command, then the IMAGEADJUST controls
are reset.

Enhancing Images Using Image Processing
and Cleanup Commands
In addition to the Histogram filters, Raster Design has several other image
editing commands in the Image ➤ Image Processing and Image ➤ Cleanup
menus that you can use to permanently edit your images.
You can use the Color Depth command to convert images to different color
depths. If you are working with a bitonal image, you can use Bitonal Filters
to edit your raster drawing. These filters can be used in conjunction with
cleanup commands, such as Despeckle (binary images only) and Deskew.
There are several filter types to choose from:
■ Smooth removes unnecessary pixels from the edges of raster objects and
fills holes in raster lines.
■ Thin trims raster objects by one pixel per pass in the direction you specify.
Enhancing Images Using Image Processing and Cleanup Commands | 61

■ Thicken widens the edges of raster objects by one pixel per pass in the
direction you specify.
■ Separate works when raster lines are partially merged, converting them
into two distinct lines.
■ Skeletonize thins all raster data to one pixel in thickness. After you thin
your raster data to a one pixel width, you can run the Thicken filter to
achieve a uniform width.
To remove speckles from an image
Steps Use to locate
1 Insert a binary raster image into your drawing that Inserting Images
has speckles you want to remove.
2 Select the image. Selecting an Image
3 Select Image ➤ Cleanup ➤ Despeckle. Removing Speckles from an

Image
4 Type W and press ENTER, then enter two points to

define a rectangular sub-region.
5 Type P to pick the speckle size, and select two points

to draw a window around the speckle size to be
removed.
Draw this window as closely as possible around the
largest pixel that you want to remove.

To remove speckles from an image (continued)
Steps Use to locate
6 Type ‘zoom to see the speckle better.
7 Click any speckles you do not want removed, then

press ENTER.
8 If too many pixels are removed, type UNDO and try

the command again, using a smaller speckle size.
Key Concepts: Image Processing and Cleanup Commands

■ You can invert binary, grayscale, and color images using the Invert
command (iinvert), making the light areas dark and dark areas light.
■ You can use the Despeckle command (idespeckle) to remove speckles from
a binary image.
■ You can use the Color Depth command (idepth) to convert a color image
to grayscale or make other color depth conversions.
■ You can use the Convolve command (iconvolve) to remove certain defects
or produce special effects. For example, you can use an edge filter to
emphasize a detail such as a fence line.
■ You can mirror images using the Mirror command (imirror).
Managing the Image Palette

The Palette Manager gives you complete control of the image palette by
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providing tools that can change, condense, or combine colors, assign trans-
Using the Palette parency, or convert grayscale images to paletted color images. The Palette
Manager Manager also gives you detailed information about the palette by displaying
and organizing the palette by color, frequency, index, and so on. You can
even enact palette standards by importing and exporting external palettes.
The Palette Manager displays the palette in two ways:
■ The color table (in the upper portion of the Palette Manager dialog box)
displays the palette as an array of color buttons, each representing a
separate entry in the palette. Hovering over a color button displays the
color value, frequency, and index for that entry. You can click a single
color to select it, or you can select multiple colors using standard
Windows selection techniques, such as windowing.
Managing the Image Palette | 63

■ The list view (in the lower portion of the Palette Manager dialog box) lists
each entry in the palette, along with the color values, frequency, index,
color, and transparency status for that entry.
Selecting Images
To select an image, you can either select the image frame, or press SHIFT while
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clicking within the image. You can select more than one image at a time
Selecting an Image using either selection method.
Image selection methods
Frame Selection Method SHIFT + Left-Click Method
How to select an Click the frame. Press SHIFT while clicking the image(s)
image with the left button of your mouse.
Use an AutoCAD crossing
window to select the
frame edge.

Image selection methods (continued)
Frame Selection Method SHIFT + Left-Click Method
What happens AutoCAD grips are If you click more than one image, the
displayed at the corners of Image Select dialog box is displayed so
the image frame. you can select the images you want to
include.
AutoCAD grips are displayed at the

corners of the selected image frame.
Advantages You can select an image You can select an image when image
using this method before frames are turned off or when you
or after selecting a have zoomed in so you cannot see the
command. image frame.
Disadvantages The frame must be visible You must use this method before
in the drawing. selecting a command.
Key Concepts: Selecting Images

■ If your pointer is positioned over more than one image when you press
SHIFT and click the image, the Image Select dialog box is displayed. The
images that you have selected are highlighted. You can use this dialog box
to clear the selection set, to change the selection set by adding or remov-
ing images, or to select all images that are inserted in the drawing.
■ By default, SHIFT + left-click Image Select on the Settings Tab of the
Options dialog box is selected. This check box must be selected if you
want to select images using the SHIFT + left-click method.
Removing (Rubbing and Cropping)

You can use the Rub and Crop commands to remove selected areas of binary,
grayscale, and color images. Rubs and crops permanently alter an image.
■ A Rub changes the removed pixels to the current transparency color that
is set for the image. The rubbed areas become transparent if transparency
is enabled for the image.
■ A Crop deletes pixel data outside the selected boundary area. If a crop
boundary is not rectangular, for instance when you use the Crop Circular
Region command, the area between the crop boundary and the rectangu-
lar image frame is filled with the transparency color.
Removing (Rubbing and Cropping) | 65

Rub and crop boundaries can be made up from many different
shapes: circles, rectangles, lines, arcs, and polygons. The boundaries can
encompass more than one image at a time. In the cropped floorplan illustra-
tion, note that the size of the image frame is automatically adjusted when
you crop an image.
Original floorplan image Areas rubbed from floorplan Cropped floorplan
To rub a color or grayscale image
Steps Use to locate
1 On a selected color or grayscale image, right-click to Changing the Transparency

display the shortcut menu, and then select Color of an Image
Properties.
2 Click the Transparency Color property, then click the

button in the property field.
The Transparency Color dialog box is displayed.
3 Click Select.
The cursor changes shape and the dialog box
temporarily disappears so that you can choose a color
from the image.
4 Pick the desired color on the image, and click OK.
5 Click the Transparency property, then select Yes from

the drop-down list to make the color you just selected
transparent.
If transparency is disabled, the rubbed area is
displayed in the transparency color. If transparency is
enabled, the rubbed area will be transparent.
6 Close the Properties dialog box.

To rub a color or grayscale image (continued)
Steps Use to locate
7 Select Image ➤ Remove ➤ Rectangular Region. Rubbing Raster Data Within

a Rectangular Region
8 On the image, choose a rectangular rub boundary.

All pixels inside the rub boundary are changed to the
transparency color.
To rub a binary image
Steps Use to locate
1 Insert a binary image containing linework into your Inserting Images

drawing.
A good sample image to use is fm.rlc that is in the
\samples folder.
2 Type AUTORUB on the command line. Setting the Rub/Crop Line

To define the rub/crop line width, pick two points, Width
one on each side of the line you want to rub.
This step is necessary only if you are rubbing lines,
polylines, arcs, or donuts or if you are cropping a line.
You can also set the rub/crop line width from the
Settings tab of the Raster Design Options dialog box.
To rub binary raster entities, you can use raster snaps
to accurately select the raster to be rubbed. Raster
snaps work only with the active binary image.
3 Select Image ➤ Snap and select the End check box to Specifying Raster Snap
pick the endpoints of the raster line you want to rub. Settings
4 When the crosshairs snap to the point you want to Rubbing a Raster Line
select, click your mouse.
5 Pick a point on the other end of the line to rub the

line.
Key Concepts: Rubbing and Cropping

■ When two images are on top of each other and you rub or crop the visible
image, both images are modified. You can lock the layer an image frame
is on to prevent the image from being modified.
Removing (Rubbing and Cropping) | 67

■ Rubs and crops do not affect vectors in the rub or crop area. The com-
mands affect only raster data.
■ Rubs create either transparent or solid regions, depending on the state of
the Enable Transparency check box in the AutoCAD Properties dialog box.
■ When you crop an image using a polygonal or circular crop, all raster data
between the image frame and the selected crop boundary is changed to
the transparency color.
■ A crop affects only the images you touch with the crop boundary. No
images outside of this boundary are affected.
■ You can use the AUTORUB command to set the rub/crop line width, as
well as to turn autorub on or off.
Merging Images
You can use the Merge Images (iimerge) command to merge two or more
images into one image. Merging images can reduce the number of images
you must archive with your project files.
To merge images, select a destination image to merge the source images into.
Raster Design merges the source images into a single destination image. The
properties of the destination image, such as dots per inch (dpi), transparency
color, and color depth, determine the properties of the merged result.
For example, if the source image has a value of 200 dpi, and the destination
image has the value of 400 dpi, the resulting image takes the value 400 dpi.
The extents of the destination image are expanded to encompass the source
images if necessary. Any background is filled with the transparency color. You
can change the transparency color of your image. For more information
about changing the transparency color, see Chapter 4, “Setting Image Prop-
erties” on page 43.
The following illustration portrays two merged images in AutoCAD’s
Layout1.

Notice that any
drawing space, not
encompassed by
the merged image,
is filled with the
transparency color.
To merge raster images
Steps Use to locate
1 Select Image ➤ Merge ➤ Merge Images. Merging Images
2 Select the source images.
3 Select the destination image.

You are prompted to remove the source images after
the merge.
4 Type Yes to remove the source images. Type No to

keep the source images in the drawing.
5 Click Yes to start the merge process.
6 Select Image ➤ Write ➤ Save As to save the new Saving an Image to Another
merged image. File Name, Type, or Location
Merging Images | 69
Key Concepts: Merging Images
■ You can merge images with different rotation angles.
■ You can merge images of different types (binary, grayscale, or color).
■ Merging respects image clips and display order.

Working with
Raster Data
6
With the new Autodesk Raster Design raster editing In this chapter
tools, you can use standard AutoCAD commands and ■ Editing raster images using REM
■ Creating REM Objects
create raster entity manipulation (REM) regions from
■ Merging vector images
existing vector geometry. You can enhance bitonal
■ Snapping to binary
regions and preview and refine images before editing. raster entities
The new raster snaps improve your productivity, by
allowing you to work with multiple images using any
command.
71
Editing Raster Using REM
You can use raster entity manipulation (REM) to edit binary, color, and gray-
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scale raster data. Unlike commands such as Mirror, Histogram, and Invert,
Overview of Raster Entity which operate on a whole image, REM can be used to edit small sections of
Manipulation (REM) Tools an image. For example, you can adjust the radius of a raster circle, remove
Manipulating REM some dimension lines from a mechanical drawing, or copy electrical symbols
Objects
from one image to another.
With REM, you can create different types of REM objects by selecting raster.
These custom objects have replaced the REM selection set of earlier Raster
Design releases.
REM Objects allow you to treat raster like vector. You can use AutoCAD
commands, including MOVE, SCALE, COPY, and ROTATE, to operate on the
REM objects you create.
You can edit raster images using the same commands, concepts, and opera-
tions you would use to edit vector.
Use REM to:
■ Manipulate existing raster to make simple changes

■ Erase a portion of a drawing
■ Move or clip a detail
■ Change the location of something, such as a lot line
■ Store raster-only drawings (rather than hybrid)
REM Objects
There are three types of REM objects: Region Objects, Enhanced Bitonal
Region Objects, and Primitive Objects. You can use each of the three types of
REM Objects differently as you edit your raster data. You must decide which
type of object best suits your editing needs.
After you define a REM object, you can use AutoCAD commands and REM
commands to modify the object.
72 | Chapter 6 Working with Raster Data

The following illustrations show the raster selected to define each REM object
and the resulting REM object.
Region Object
This rectangular region object includes all the pixels within the rectangle: the
circle, the portions of the intersecting lines, and the leader line.
Rectangular region selected Region object defined from the selection
Enhanced Bitonal Region Object

This is an example of an enhanced bitonal region object that was defined
using the Smart Crossing Window selection method. This method selects the
raster entities within or touching the crossing window: the circle, all the
intersecting lines, and the angled leader line.
Region selected using the Smart Enhanced bitonal region object

Crossing Window selection method defined from the selection
REM Objects | 73
Primitive Object
This is an example of circle primitive object defined using the Smart selection
method for selecting primitive objects. Raster Design detects that the selected
raster entity is a circle and defines the entity as a circle primitive object.
Entity selected using Smart selection Primitive object defined from the
selection
Types of REM objects
REM object Description Image type(s)
Region object Contains all pixels within the region Bitonal, grayscale,
geometry (for example, all pixels within a color
polygonal region).
Enhanced bitonal Contains complete raster entities within the Bitonal

region object region, determined by the selection method:
■ Connected method: The raster entities
selected are a collection of connected
pixels.
■ Smart method: The raster entities
selected are the pixels that comprise a
raster line, circle, or arc.
Primitive object Contains a single raster line, arc, or circle. Bitonal

Region Objects
You can use a region to select all of the image pixels within the given
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geometry. Regions operate on all image types—bitonal, grayscale, and color.
Defining REM Region You can define a rectangular, polygonal, diagonal, or circular region. On
Objects grayscale and color images, regions are hatched so that the object is distin-
guished from the raster image. A hatch is not necessary for an enhanced
bitonal region object because the raster is already highlighted.
After you have defined a REM region object, you can use AutoCAD
commands to modify it; see “Using REM Objects to Edit Raster Images” on
page 84 in this chapter. After you have completed your changes to the
region, you must merge your REM Object back into your original raster image
or create a new image; see “Merging REM Objects into Existing Images” on
page 86 and “Converting REM Objects to a New Raster Image” on page 86 in
this chapter.
For example, you might want to select a housing development within an
aerial photo as a region object. You can then use the region object as a base
for your street drawing.
REM region objects
Types of REM regions Use to locate
Rectangular region Defining a REM Rectangular Region
Polygonal region Defining a REM Polygonal Region
Diagonal region Define a REM Diagonal Region
Circular region Define a REM Circular Region
From existing vector Defining a Region From Existing

Vector
REM Objects | 75
Each vertex of a polygonal, rectangular, or diagonal REM region object has a
grip. If you move a grip, the entire object moves. Stretching the grip scales
the object.
There are five grips for each circular region object. There is one grip at the
center of the circle, and four on the circumference of the circle. If you move
any of the grips, the entire circle moves.
Enhanced Bitonal Regions

You can use an enhanced bitonal region to create a REM object that contains
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all the pixels within your selection area.
Defining REM Enhanced
Bitonal Region Objects After you have defined your Enhanced Bitonal Region Object, you can use
AutoCAD commands to modify it; see “Using REM Objects to Edit Raster
Images” on page 84. After you have completed your changes to the region,
you must merge your REM Object back into your original raster image or
create a new image; see “Merging REM Objects into Existing Images” on
page 86 and “Converting REM Objects to a New Raster Image” on page 86.
There are several options you can use to define enhanced bitonal region
objects from raster entities in bitonal images:
■ Windows and crossing windows

■ Polygons and crossing polygons
■ Fences
■ Connected entities
You can also choose whether the object includes all the connected pixels
within the enhanced bitonal region (referred to as the Connected method)
or only the pixels that define a line, a circle, or an arc (referred to as the Smart
method).

After you define the enhanced bitonal region object, you can modify the
object using AutoCAD commands and REM commands.
NOTE You can use enhanced bitonal regions on bitonal images only.
Selection Options for Enhanced Bitonal

Region Objects
You can use one of two different selection options to define an enhanced
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bitonal region. Both selection methods are modeled after AutoCAD’s SELECT
Defining REM Enhanced command, but the behavior of the selection method depends on whether
Bitonal Region Objects you choose the Connected option or the Smart option.
(see illustration)
The following examples show the options you can use to define enhanced
bitonal region objects using the Smart and Connected options. In these
examples, the gray lines show the region that is selected, and the light gray
areas show the resulting enhanced bitonal region object.
These illustrations are also available in color in the Help.
Enhanced bitonal region objects
Smart selection sets Connected selection sets
Smart Window Connected Window
A Smart Window selects the raster A Connected Window selects the raster
entities that are entirely within the entities that are entirely within the
window. Entities that extend outside window and that are not connected to
the window are not included in the entities extending outside the window. In
selection. In this example, the leader this example, the text is selected. The
lines and text are selected. The leader lines are not selected because they
dimension lines extend outside the are connected to the dimension lines,
window and are not included. which extend outside the window.
REM Objects | 77
Enhanced bitonal region objects (continued)
Smart Crossing Window Connected Crossing Window
A Smart Crossing Window selects the A Connected Crossing Window selects the
raster entities that are within the raster entities that are within the window,
window and that touch the window. In that touch the window, and that are
this example, the leader lines, the text, connected to entities that touch the
and the dimension lines are selected. window. In this example, all entities
except the text in the upper right are
selected. This text is not connected to any
entities.
Smart WPolygon Connected WPolygon
A Smart Window Polygon selects the A Connected Window Polygon selects the
raster entities that are entirely within raster entities that are within the polygon
the polygon. Entities that extend and that are not connected to entities that
outside the polygon are not included extend outside the polygon. In this
in the selection. In this example, the example, the text is selected. The leader
leader lines and text are selected. The lines are not selected because they are
dimension lines and the circle extend connected to the dimension lines, which
outside the polygon and are not extend outside the polygon. The circle
included. also extends outside the polygon.

Smart CPolygon Connected CPolygon
A Smart Crossing Polygon selects the A Connected Crossing Polygon selects the
raster entities that are within the raster entities that are within the polygon,
polygon and that touch the polygon. that touch the polygon, and that are
In this example, the leader lines, the connected to entities that touch the
text, the dimension lines, and the circle polygon. In this example, all entities
are included in the selection. except the text in the upper right are
selected. This text is not connected to any
entities.
Smart Fence Connected Fence
A Smart Fence selects the raster entities A Connected Fence selects the raster
that touch the fence. In this example, entities that touch the fence and that are
the leader lines and the dimension connected to entities that touch the fence.
lines are included in the selection. The In this example, all entities except the two
text, which is enclosed by the fence areas of text are selected. The text does
but does not touch the fence, is not not touch the fence and is not connected
included. to any entities.
REM Objects | 79
Connected Entity
A Connected Entity selects a raster entity

and any entities that are connected to the
entity. In this example, all entities except
the two areas of text are selected. This text
is not connected to any entities. The
crosshairs show the single point used to
select the connected entities.
Connected Option
If you use the Connected option to create a REM object, a raster object is
defined from a collection of all the image pixels that are all connected. That
is, for a given pixel in the raster object, you can get to any other pixel by
following ON pixels. This option is the same as the flood fill option found in
many image editing programs.

Connected option
Selection methods Use to locate
window Defining a REM Enhanced Bitonal Region Using a

Connected Window
crossing window Defining a REM Enhanced Bitonal Region Using a Connected

Crossing Window
window polygon Defining a REM Enhanced Bitonal Region Using a Connected

Window Polygon
crossing polygon Defining a REM Enhanced Bitonal Region Using a Connected

Crossing Polygon
fence Defining a REM Enhanced Bitonal Region Using a

Connected Fence
entity Defining a REM Enhanced Bitonal Region Using a

Connected Entity
Smart Option
If you use the Smart option to create a REM object, a raster object is defined
from the pixels that make up a raster line, circle, or arc.
REM Objects | 81
Smart option
Selection methods Use to locate
window Defining a REM Enhanced Bitonal Region using a Smart

Window
crossing window Defining a REM Enhanced Bitonal Region using a Smart

Crossing Window
window polygon Defining a REM Enhanced Bitonal Region using a Smart

Window Polygon
crossing polygon Defining a REM Enhanced Bitonal Region using a Smart

Crossing Polygon
fence Defining a REM Enhanced Bitonal Region using a Smart Fence
NOTE The entity selection method is not available using the Smart option.
You can create a REM primitive object instead.
There are four grips on a REM enhanced bitonal region object, one at each
vertex. If you move a grip, the entire object moves.
Primitive Objects
You can use primitive regions on bitonal images. A primitive object is made
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up of a single raster line, circle, or arc. Primitives are more intelligent than
Defining REM Primitive regions and enhanced bitonal regions because their dimensions can be
Objects changed.
For example, you can change the diameter of a circle and still maintain its
original width. You can also use grip stretch commands or AutoCAD's
Properties dialog box to change the dimensions of your primitive object.

You can define three types of REM primitive objects from raster entities in
bitonal images:
■ Line
■ Arc
■ Circle
You can also use Smart Pick to define a primitive object. Raster Design auto-
matically detects the geometry of the selected raster entity and defines the
entity as a primitive line, arc, or circle.
The following illustrations show selections made using Smart Pick.
Line Circle Arc
After you have defined your Primitive Object, you can use AutoCAD com-
mands and REM commands to modify it; see “Using REM Objects to Edit Ras-
ter Images” on page 84. After you have completed your changes to the object,
you must merge it back into your original raster image or create a new image
from the REM objects; see “Merging REM Objects into Existing Images” on
page 86 and “Converting REM Objects to a New Raster Image” on page 86.
REM Objects | 83
Using REM Objects to Edit Raster Images
You can use custom REM region objects, enhanced bitonal region objects,
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and Primitive Objects to edit raster data.
Using AutoCAD or Raster
Design Commands to There are several ways to work with REM objects. You can use AutoCAD
Manipulate REM Objects commands, the REM edit mode menu, the REM toolbar, the REM flyout from
the Image menu, and the REM command line interface. See Appendix C,
“Raster Design Command Summary.”
The following AutoCAD commands can operate on REM objects:
■ MOVE
■ GRIP STRETCH
■ ROTATE
■ SCALE
■ COPY
■ MIRROR
■ ERASE
■ UNDO
■ MODIFY
NOTE AutoCAD commands that cannot be used on REM objects are TRIM,
EXTEND, and EXPLODE.
When you run an AutoCAD command that causes a REM object to become
out of sync with the original image, Raster Design erases the corresponding
raster data from the source image. For example, you can define a REM object
and then perform the AutoCAD MOVE command. Once the object has been
moved, REM deletes the object from the original image. If you want to imme-
diately delete a REM object after defining it, use the AutoCAD ERASE com-
mand. See AutoCAD 2004 Help for detailed instructions for using AutoCAD
commands.

Edit Mode Menu
The Edit Mode menu is a shortcut menu that appears when you select one or
more REM objects and right-click. The majority of the commands on this
menu are AutoCAD commands. To access REM specific commands, choose
the REM flyout menu options.
You can use the Edit Mode menu to refine the selection used to create a REM
region or primitive, remove subcomponents of the object, toggle transpar-
ency, or merge the object into a raster image.
If you select multiple REM objects, you can use only those options that are
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valid for all of the selected objects. For example, if you select three REM
REM Refine Mode objects and only two of them are in Refine Mode, you cannot use Refine
Mode.
You can do the following by using the REM Edit Mode menu:
■ Convert a REM object into a new raster image

■ Change the transparency
■ Refine the object (REM region and primitive objects only)
Using REM Objects to Edit Raster Images | 85

■ Remove subsections of the object
■ Smooth the object
NOTE These options are also available on the REM toolbar and on the REM
flyout on the Image menu.
You can use the Merge to Raster command on your modified REM object.
This command takes the raster data that was part of the REM object and
makes it a part of the original raster image.
Merging REM Objects into Existing Images

You can merge your REM objects into an existing image by selecting
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Image ➤ REM ➤ Merge To Raster Image. REM merges all selected REM objects
Merge REM Objects into into the image they are currently over. If your REM object is not over (or
an Image under) an image, a warning message is displayed, stating that the REM object
cannot be merged. If your REM object is partly touching the image, the image
expands to accommodate the REM object. If your REM object is below the
image and you try to merge it, it merges into the image above it. Unlike
Vector Merge, display order is not respected.
If you have multiple images open, then a message prompts you to select the
image you want to merge the REM objects into. For example, your REM
object may be over two images or span across two adjacent images.
Converting REM Objects to a New Raster Image

You can convert your selected REM objects to a new raster image by selecting
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Image ➤ REM ➤ Convert To Raster Image. When you convert your REM
Converting REM Objects objects to a new raster image, you create a new image containing your REM
to a New RAster Image objects. If you have REM objects in the PICKFIRST set, REM respects
AutoCAD’s PICKFIRST Variable. If you do not have REM objects in the
PICKFIRST set, Raster Design prompts you to select REM objects. If you select
more than one REM object, Raster Design merges the selected REM objects
into one raster image; it does not create different raster images for each REM
object selected.
If your raster image was created from a REM polygonal, circular, or diagonal
region, the image is clipped to match the geometry of the REM object. All
data outside the clip, but within the boundary of the image, is set to the
transparency color.

Merging Vector
You can use the Vector Merge (ivmerge) command to merge vectors into an
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existing or new raster image. Vector Merge allows you to make precise
Merging Vectors into a changes to your raster image using AutoCAD commands, while keeping your
Raster Image data in a raster format.
To merge vectors
Steps Use to locate
1 Select Image ➤ Merge ➤ Merge Vector to display the Merging Vectors into a
Select objects prompt at the command line. Raster Image
or
Type ivmerge.
2 If there is more than one image in the drawing, select

the vectors and image you want to merge.
If the Prompt to Delete Vector check box is selected
on the Vector Merge Default tab, then you will be
prompted to delete the vectors.
3 Press ENTER to start the vector merge operation.
When you perform Vector Merge, you can select Raster Pen widths for the
merge by specifying pen thickness in the Raster Pen Settings dialog box.
Merging Vector | 87
Raster pens thicken vector entities when you merge them into the image.
Thicknesses are assigned according to the specified entity color.
To select raster pen widths for vector merge
Steps Use to locate
1 Select Image Merge ➤ Raster Pens to display the Raster Selecting Pen Widths for
Pen Settings dialog box. Vector Merge
or
Type rpens.
NOTE Type -rpens to access the command line
interface.
2 From the Color Index list, select the color(s) whose

width you want to modify.
3 Do one of the following to choose your pen width:

■ Type your desired width in the Pen Width edit box.
■ Select Pick< and define the width from your
AutoCAD screen.
The chosen width is displayed in the Pen Width edit box.
If you want this width to apply to all of the raster pens,
select Use Fixed Width.
4 Click OK to close the dialog box and apply the raster

pen settings.
Snapping to Binary Raster Entities

Raster snap modes make it easy to select exact positions on binary raster
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entities. Raster snap modes work like AutoCAD Object Snap modes, except
Raster Snapping that they snap to raster entities instead of to vector objects.
Raster snaps are useful when you want to:
■ Trace a raster entity with VTools commands

■ Select a raster entity to rub or crop
■ Select a raster entity to edit with raster entity manipulation (REM)
commands
NOTE Raster snapping works only with bitonal images.

You can use Raster Snap to snap your AutoCAD cursor to the center, end, cor-
ner, intersection, or edge of a bitonal raster image. If you choose more than
one snap mode, the crosshairs snap to the closest of the possible snap points.
When the crosshairs snap to the point you want to select, pick the point.
Raster Snap operates in two modes, on and off. When raster snapping is on
(active), Raster Design displays a snap window around the AutoCAD cursor.
The snap window moves along with the AutoCAD cursor and displays the
crosshairs over points to which you can snap. You can use the crosshairs to
pick a point.
You can toggle Raster Snap on and off by using the Toggle Quick Bar
Search Help for…
command from the Image menu.
Changing the Quick Bar
Visibility You can access the Raster Snap options on the AutoCAD Drafting Settings
Raster Snap Tab
dialog box by selecting Tools ➤ Drafting Settings and selecting the Raster
Snap tab.
Key Concepts: Raster Snapping

■ To set the snap settings, select Tools ➤ Drafting Settings and select the
Search Help for…
Raster Snap tab or type isnap.
Specify Raster Snap ■ A raster entity you want to snap to must be partially within the snap
Settings window. The snap window size is pixel dependent. If necessary, change
the snap window size so that it is large enough to encompass the entire
pixel width of the entity you want to snap to.
Snapping to Binary Raster Entities | 89

Converting Raster to
Vector
7
The Autodesk Raster Design vectorization tools make it In this chapter
possible for you to convert raster images into vector. You ■ Vectorization Tools
■ Follower tools
can use these tools to verify the geometry of the objects
■ Using vector separation
you vectorize. The follower tools can even trace com-
plex geometry such as polylines and contours semi-
automatically.
91
Vectorization Tools
To get the most out of your binary raster images, you can convert your raster
Search Help for…
geometry to AutoCAD vectors. This conversion is known as vectorizing an
Converting Raster Entities image. Since vectorizing an image can be time consuming, you should con-
to Vector sider your plans for the image before deciding whether or not to vectorize it.
■ If you only want to archive the image, you don’t need to vectorize it.
■ If you want to move, copy, or delete areas of the image, you can use the
REM commands to edit the image instead of vectorizing it.
■ If you want to remove portions of the raster image, you can use the Rub,
Crop, and REM raster editing commands instead of vectorizing it.
If you cannot easily change the image using the above suggestions, or if you
need to use the vector data in AutoCAD or another program, you should
vectorize the entities.
Vectorizing and Verifying Dimensions with Vectorization Tools

Raster Design has vectorization tools that you can use to simplify the process
of vectorizing raster entities. Each type of vectorization tool is designed to
vectorize a corresponding raster geometry type. In many cases, you can
convert a raster entity to vector with a single pick. You can also define the
vector entity by picking two or more points on the image. After you use a
vectorization tool, you can continue to vectorize raster entities using either
selection method.
There are seven vectorization tools:
■ The line tool converts raster lines to AutoCAD Line entities. The line tool
uses two basic selection methods: one-pick, which vectorizes a raster line
with a single pick, and multi-pick, which requires you to enter two points
to define the start and endpoint of the raster line.
■ The polyline tool converts raster lines to AutoCAD Polyline entities. Like
the line tool, you can use two basic selection methods with the polyline
tool: one-pick, which vectorizes a raster line with a single pick, and multi-
pick, which requires you to enter two points to define the start and end-
point of the raster line.
■ The rectangle tool converts raster rectangles to vector rectangles. You
select points to define the corners and angle of the rectangle and Raster
Design creates a closed polyline with the dimensions and orientation you
specified.
92 | Chapter 7 Converting Raster to Vector

■ The circle tool converts raster circles to AutoCAD Circle entities. You can
select the raster circle using several methods, including a one-pick method
that vectorizes a raster circle with a single pick.
■ The arc tool converts raster arcs to AutoCAD Arc entities. You can select
the raster arc using several methods, including a one-pick method that
vectorizes a raster arc with a single pick.
■ The text tool and the mtext tool replace raster text with AutoCAD text or
mtext.
NOTE When using one-pick selection for the line, polyline, arc, and circle
vectorization tools, Raster Design uses SmartCorrect to increase the precision
with which the vectors are created. Depending on the settings you select on the
VTools General tab of the Raster Design Option dialog box, Raster Design
corrects the resulting vector using the current AutoCAD drafting settings and
precision.
Vectorization tools can be used to verify and adjust the dimensions of the
vector entities you draw, which is important because the raster image you are
vectorizing might not be accurate. The scale may be incorrect, or the image
might have been scanned poorly. For example, after you vectorize a line seg-
ment, you can check the line length and angle to make sure they are correct.
If they aren’t, you can change the dimensions before you create the next line.
To convert a raster line to a vector line
Steps Use to locate
1 Insert a binary raster image into your drawing. A Inserting Images

good sample image to use is fm.rlc in the \samples
folder.
2 Select Image ➤ Options, then click the VTools Choosing a VTools Removal
General tab and select a VTools Removal setting. Setting
As you trace a raster entity, the Raster Design removes,
deletes, or preserves the raster line according to the
VTools Removal setting you selected.
Click OK to exit the dialog box.
3 Select Tools ➤ Drafting Settings and select the Raster Specifying Raster Snap
Snap tab or type isnap and select the appropriate Settings
snap modes to aid in your selection of points on the
raster.
4 Select Image ➤ Vectorization Tools ➤ Line. Convert a raster line to

vector
Vectorization Tools | 93
To convert a raster line to a vector line (continued)
Steps Use to locate
5 When the raster snap glyph snaps to the point you

want to select, pick the point. The end of the raster
line nearest the point you pick is considered the start
point and is marked with an arrow glyph.
6 Notice that the length and angle of the line segment

are displayed on the command line.
If the line is not at the correct angle, type A and press
ENTER to verify the angle of the vector line segment
you just created.
7 Type M and press ENTER, then select another vector

line to match the angle of that vector.
8 If the line is supposed to intersect another vector

entity, type X and press ENTER, then click another
entity to extend the vector line segment you just
created so that it intersects the second entity.
9 Pick another point, or press ENTER to exit the

command.
The Follower Tools

Raster Design features several follower VTools which replace the Line
Search Help for…
Follower Extension (LFX) tools in previous versions of Raster Design. These
Converting Raster Entities follower tools provide a semi-automatic method of tracing the raster geome-
to Vector try you want to vectorize. When you use the contour follower tool, for
instance, Raster Design “follows” the selected contour line, stopping for
input only when the follower can no longer proceed on its own (for instance,
when it meets a raster endpoint or a label for the contour). This pause is
referred to as a “decision point.” At each decision point, you can provide
more information, change course, back up to a previous vertex, stop the
follower, and so on.
Vectorization tools include three followers:
■ The Polyline Follower converts raster polylines to AutoCAD Polyline

entities using a follower to trace the raster polyline as you go.
■ The Contour Follower converts raster contours to AutoCAD Polyline
entities with elevation, or to contour objects (if you are using Autodesk
Land Desktop) using a follower to trace the raster contour as you go.

When a contour is completed, the contour follower prompts you to enter
elevation data.
■ The 3D Polyline Follower traces a defined fence or existing vector
polyline, stopping at each point where it intersects raster (called a Raster
Impact Point) to prompt for elevation data. The resulting AutoCAD
3D Polyline represents the elevation of the raster contours it intersects.
You can use the contour follower to vectorize a contour and the VText
command to convert the text label associated with it.
Contour follower vectorizes Magnified view of new vector VText vectorizes text
contours
To convert a raster contour to a vector polyline
Steps Use to locate
1 Insert a binary raster image into your drawing. Inserting Images

A good sample image to use is contour.rlc in the
\samples folder.
2 Select Image ➤ Options. Then click the VTools Changing Contour Follower
Follower tab and select Polyline from the Contour Settings
Creates drop-down list.
Click OK to exit the dialog box.
3 Select Image ➤ Vectorization Tools ➤ Contour Convert Raster Entities to

Follower. Vector
4 Select a raster contour. Using the Contour Follower

The contour follower traces the contour until it
comes to a point where confusing geometry or a
raster intersection (if configured to stop at raster
intersection) force it to pause for input. This is called
a decision point.
To convert a raster contour to a vector polyline (continued)
Steps Use to locate
5 If you want to manually add a point, type A and press

ENTER, then click to add the point to the polyline.
6 If you want to specify a direction for the follower to

proceed, type D and press ENTER, then click in the
direction you want the follower to proceed.
7 If you want to close the polyline, type C and press

ENTER.
8 Enter an elevation for the contour, then press ENTER.
9 You can select another contour to follow, or you press

ENTER to exit the command.
Using Vector Separation

One of the most powerful aspects of vectorization tools is the Vector
Search Help for…
Separation Options. Rather than managing layers and polyline widths on an
Changing the General entity-by-entity basis, the Vector Separation Options automatically assign
Vector Separation Options these values to the vectors created by vectorization tools. There are two ways
to use vector separation:
■ You can separate vectors based on the width of the raster lines by using
the General tab of the Vector Separation Options dialog box. Most
mechanical drawings, for instance, use thinner lines to represent
dimension lines, and thicker lines to draw the objects. Vector
Separation can place each type of line on its own layer based on the
width of the raster lines. Simply specify a range of line widths for the

raster entity, then assign layer and polyline width values to those
ranges. When you use a vectorization tool, Raster Design examines the
raster line width and assigns the values you specified for that width to
the newly created vectors.
■ You can assign layer and polyline widths to contours based on their eleva-
tion interval using the Contour tab of the Vector Separation Options
dialog box. For instance, you might set the elevation interval for major
contours to 50, and the elevation interval for minor contours to 10. If you
then followed a contour and set the elevation value to 450, the resulting
vector contour would be assigned to the major layer. Likewise, if you
traced a contour and set the elevation value to 440, the resulting vector
would be assigned to the minor layer.
Click Vector Separation on the VTools General tab of the Raster Design
Options dialog box to access the Vector Separation Options dialog box.
To adjust the vector separation options
Steps Use to locate
1 Insert a binary raster image into your drawing. Inserting Images

A good sample image to use is Facil.cal in the \samples
folder.
2 Select Image ➤ Options. Click the VTools General tab, Changing the General Vector
and then click the Vector Separation button. Separation Options
3 Click the General tab.
4 In the Width Table section, select the Use Width Table

check box.
5 Click Insert Below.
6 With the new row still highlighted, double-click the

Maximum cell, then enter a new value.
7 With the new row highlighted, double-click the Layer

cell, then select a new layer from the drop-down list.
8 To determine the width of a raster line, click Query

Width, then click a raster line. The width is reported in
pixels and in AutoCAD units.
Click OK to exit the Entity Width Information dialog box.
9 In the default section, select a layer from the Layer drop-

down list. Entities which do not meet the line width
criteria of the Width Table are assigned to this layer.
10 Click Save As Default to retain the current vector

separation settings.
Vector separation settings are not saved with the
drawing. Unless you save the current settings as the
default, they will not be saved for future drawing
sessions.
Vector separation files have a .vs extension.
11 Click OK to exit the Vector Separation Options dialog

box.
12 Click OK to exit the Raster Design Options dialog box.

Key Concepts: Vectorization Tools
■ Vectorization tools work best when you convert raster to vector on binary
images. One-pick selection and follower tools do not work with grayscale
or color photographs.
■ The follower commands trace complex raster geometry, such as contours,
by relying on interaction from you at key decision points.
■ Before using vectorization tools, adjust the settings in the Raster Design
Options dialog box. Use the options on the VTools General and VTools
Follower tabs to customize the vectorization tools to your particular
needs. For instance, by adjusting the VTools Removal setting, you can
choose to delete a preset line width, delete using REM delete (which pre-
serves raster intersections), or you can choose to leave the raster entity in
your drawing. By adjusting the Contour Creates setting, you can control
whether the Contour Follower creates a polyline or a contour object.
■ Use Vector Separation Options to automatically assign a layer and
polyline width to the vectors you create with vectorization tools. You can
assign these values based on either raster line width or the elevation of the
resulting vectors.
Converting Raster Text
to AutoCAD Text
8
The Text Recognition commands make it possible for In this chapter
you to convert raster text into AutoCAD Text or Mtext. ■ Entering Text Recognition
settings
The results of the text recognition search engine are
■ Recognizing text
displayed in a verification window where you can make ■ Recognizing text in a table
edits and then insert the new text into the drawing.
101
Converting Raster Text
Using the Text Recognition commands, you can convert raster text to
Search Help for…
AutoCAD Text or Mtext. You can use the Recognize Text command to
Changing Text Using Text convert areas of text that are in paragraph form, and the Recognize Table
Recognition command to convert areas of text in a table. The text recognition commands
Entering Settings for Text are useful for:
Recognition
■ extracting data from drawings for catalog purposes.

■ converting notes and specifications from an existing project for use in a
new project.
■ converting raster text and raster text in tables to be used in other docu-
ments such as Word or Excel.
After you enter settings for the search parameters, the recognized text is
displayed in the Verification window where you can edit and format the text.
Settings for Text Recognition

The Text Recognition Setup dialog box has the following three sections:
■ Input: In this section you enter the search parameters for the recognition
such as the text format, selection shape, language dictionary and language
character set.
■ AutoCAD Output: In this section you determine the Output Type, Text
Height and Removal Method.
■ Verification Display: In this section you enter the settings to determine
how the recognized text is displayed in the Verification window. You have
options to enable the Verifier, a box that displays the original raster text
in the Edit pane, and also control the re-sizing ratio of the two panes in
the Verification window using the Viewer/Editor slide control.
102 | Chapter 8 Converting Raster Text to AutoCAD Text

The Text Recognition Setup is the same for both the Recognize Text and
Recognize Table commands.
Verifying Text
The Text (Table) Verification window has two panes, the View pane (upper)
where the original raster text is displayed, and the Edit pane (lower) where
the recognized text is displayed. After reviewing the recognition results in the
Edit pane, it may be necessary to redefine the search parameters. You can
return to the Text Recognition Setup dialog box by clicking the Setup button
in the Verification window and. You can make corrections to the text directly
in the Edit pane, or you can use the Find Next button to display Suspect
words and Rejected characters in the Change To box. Suspect words are high-
lighted in green, rejected characters are highlighted in yellow and characters
that the search engine did not recognize are displayed as red tildes. You can
choose a word from the Change To drop-down list or type the correct word
in the Change To box and then click Replace.
No text recognition program is 100% accurate, therefore it is essential that
you carefully review all the text in the Edit pane, not only the highlighted
areas.
Converting Raster Text | 103

To convert a raster text to AutoCAD Text
Steps Use to locate
1 Select Image ➤ Text Recognition ➤ Recognize Setup.
2 Enter settings for Input, AutoCAD Output, and Entering Settings for Text
Verification Display in the Text Recognition Setup Recognition
dialog box.
3 Click OK.
4 Select Image ➤ Text Recognition ➤ Recognize Text. Recognizing Text
5 Select the area of text for recognition.
6 Review the text in the Text Verification window.
7 Make changes to the text directly in the Edit pane or

use the Find Next and Replace buttons.
8 Click OK to insert the text into the drawing.

To convert a raster text in a table to AutoCAD Text
Steps Use to locate
1 Select Image ➤ Text Recognition ➤ Recognize Setup.
2 Enter settings for Input, AutoCAD Output, and Entering Settings for Text
Verification Display. By default the Output Entity is Recognition
Text.
3 Click OK.
4 Select Image ➤ Text Recognition ➤ Recognize Table. Recognizing Text in a Table
5 Select the table for recognition.
6 Review the recognized text in the Text Verification

window.
7 Make changes to the text directly in the Edit pane or

by using the Find Next and Replace buttons.
8 Click OK to add the table to the image.
Key Concepts: Text Recognition

■ Text Recognition allows you to convert areas of text for use in use multiple
projects.
■ In the Verification window you can edit and format the recognized text.
■ Search parameters can be redefined from the Verification window.
■ Recognized text can be output to Word or Excel and printed for review.
Converting Raster Text | 105

Part 2
Appendices
107
108 | Part II Installation Guide
Installing Autodesk
Raster Design
A
This appendix provides information on installing In this appendix
Autodesk Raster Design, both for single users and for ■ Installation Options
■ Single-User Installation
network users worldwide.
■ Network Installation
Before you begin your installation process, it is recom- ■ Checking system requirements
mended you review this chapter and also refer to the ■ Preparing for installation
■ Installation recommendations
Stand-Alone Installation Guide, Stand-Alone Licensing
■ Where to install your files
Guide, Network Administrator’s Guide, and Network Licens-
■ Unique installation conditions
ing Guide. These online guides are accessible from the ■ Raster Design program
group icons
Autodesk Raster Design CD browser.
■ Raster Design menus
■ Raster Design Licensing
109
Choosing Your Installation Options
You have two main installation options to choose from: single-user installa-
tion and network installation. To decide which installation option best suits
your needs, read the following sections: “Single-User Installation,” and
“Network Installation.”
The Network Installation section describes two sub-options: client deploy-
ment and single user deployment. Read through the common characteristics
of both before you consider their advantages and disadvantages.
Stand-Alone Installation
You can install Raster Design as a single-user in a non-network environment.
Installing the product directly from the CD allows you to choose the folder
where you would like Raster Design to be installed. Compare the advantages
and disadvantages of a single-user install to those described in the next
section, “Network Administrator Installation,” to decide which installation
best suits the needs of your company.
An installation of Raster
Design exists on your
computer only.
Advantages
■ Does not require a network.
■ No network dependency. If the network goes down, you can continue to
use Raster Design.
■ Complete control over where Raster Design is installed on your computer.
Disadvantages
■ Only your individual computer has Raster Design installed and running,
therefore only one person at a time can use it.
110 | Appendix A Installing Autodesk Raster Design

■ Decentralizes the use of Raster Design, making product updates more time
consuming to install. For example, if an administrator needs to apply a
patch to Raster Design, the patch must be applied to each computer that
has Raster Design installed.
If you want to install Raster Design as a single-user, refer to “Installing Single-

User Raster Design.” on page 120.
Network Installation
Before you proceed, you must first decide which installation option suits
your needs. If you are a Network Administrator, there are two main installa-
tion options to choose from: client deployment and single user deployment.
Raster Design actively supports all of these options. Please read the descrip-
tions of each of these options and consider the pros and cons before making
your decision.
■ Client deployment installs all of the Raster Design program files on the cli-
ent’s computer.
■ Single User deployment installs all of the program files on the client’s
computer using a single-user license.
Network Installation | 111

Common Characteristics
With network installations, you can control where Raster Design is installed
on each of the client computers, and which pre-configured settings each cli-
ent computer uses. This saves time in communicating corporate installation
standards. You can also define which AutoCAD Desktop(s) that Raster Design
is installed on.
Client deployments are created for network installations on the network
server. You must have an AutoCAD desktop installed, including a version of
the Autodesk License Manager (which is installed with the network installa-
tion of your AutoCAD desktop). Single user deployments, on the other hand,
do not require the Autodesk License Manager.
Installations from deployments are either silent or verbose. Silent installa-
tions write errors to a log file specified during deployment creation. Verbose
installations display errors as error messages.
NOTE During a network setup, Autodesk Raster Design 2004 does not detect
if the previous version of Raster Design (CAD Overlay) is already installed. Before
installing Raster Design, you should first uninstall CAD Overlay.
Advantages to Client Deployments

■ Allows for floating licensing, making it possible for different client com-
puters to run Raster Design as needed, allowing more flexibility.
■ Controls where Raster Design is installed on each client computer and
which pre-configured settings are used.
Disadvantages to Client Deployments

■ Client computers cannot operate Raster Design if the network is down.
Client Deployment
You should install Raster Design using client deployment if you want the cli-
ent computers to contain all of the program files. You can control where Ras-
ter Design is installed on all of the client computers, and which pre-config-
ured settings each client computer uses. This saves time communicating cor-
porate installation standards.

An installation of
Each client
Raster canexists
Design install
Raster
on the Design
Server, directly
in one
from the Network.
installation location.
A full deployment of
ARaster
desktopDesign is
icon is
installed
created onpoints
that the client
to a
computer
network from theof
installation
Network.
Raster Design.
Clients retrieve
ClientsDesign
Raster retrieve
Licenses from
aRaster Designserver.
centralized licenses from a
centralized server.

Advantages
■ Installs all program files onto your client computers, allowing Raster
Design to run at its maximum speed.
Disadvantages
■ Network dependent.
consuming to install.
Single User Deployment

As a network administrator, you should install Raster Design using single user
deployment if you want the client computers to contain all of the program
files, but you do not want to use the Autodesk License Manager. You can con-
trol where Raster Design is installed on all of the client computers, and which
pre-configured settings each client computer uses. This saves time communi-
cating corporate installation standards.
Each client can install

Raster Design directly
from the Network.
A full deployment of
Raster Design is
installed on the client
computer from the
Network.

Advantages
■ Does not rely on Autodesk License Manager.
Disadvantages
consuming to install.

The Autodesk Raster Design CD
Depending on the country you live in, you received one of two different Ras-
ter Design CDs when you purchased Raster Design. One CD is distributed
within the United States and Canada, and the other CD is distributed inter-
nationally. The differences between the two CDs are described below.
The Raster Design CD for Customers in the

United States and Canada (Domestic)
If you are a customer within the United States or Canada, then your CD
includes both a single-user unlocked version of Raster Design and a network
version of Raster Design. The network version of Raster Design uses the
Autodesk License Manager (AdLM) for client deployments, which you can
use to license Raster Design from a license server on a network. The Autodesk
License Manager can be installed as an option from your AutoCAD 2004 CD
Browser.
■ Install the single-user unlocked version of Raster Design from your Raster
Design CD. You must contact Autodesk to receive an authorization code
within 30 days after installing this version. The unlocked version can only
be installed and used on one computer, at one location, at any one time.
■ Install the network version of Raster Design from your Raster Design CD.
If you are creating a client deployment, you must contact Autodesk to
license this version immediately after installing it in order to use the soft-
ware.
The Raster Design CD for International

Customers
If you are an international customer, then your CD includes both a locked
single-user, and a network version of Raster Design. The client and network
versions of Raster Design use the Autodesk License Manager (AdLM), which
you can use to license Raster Design from a license server on a network. The
Autodesk License Manager can be installed as an option from your
AutoCAD 2004 CD Browser.
■ Install the locked version of Raster Design from your Raster Design CD.
You must contact Autodesk to license this version within 30 days after
installing it in order to use the software.

WARNING! Before you install Raster Design, decide which type of licens-
ing you want to use. For more information, see Network Licensing Guide.
■ Install the network version of Raster Design from your Raster Design CD.
If you are creating a network or client deployment, you must contact
Autodesk to license this version immediately after installing it in order to
use the software.
Checking System Requirements

To run properly, Autodesk Raster Design 2004 requires a minimum of the fol-
lowing hardware and software. If your computer does not meet the mini-
mum requirements, then upgrade your computer before installing any soft-
ware. This prevents later problems.
Minimum System Requirements

One of the following AutoCAD 2004-based products:
■ AutoCAD® 2004
■ AutoCAD® Mechanical 2004
■ Autodesk® Mechanical Desktop 2004
■ Autodesk® Architectural Desktop 2004
■ Autodesk Map™ 2004
■ Autodesk® Land Desktop 2004
Hardware Requirements
You should have 75 MB of disk space available in addition to the minimum
system requirements of AutoCAD 2004, or the AutoCAD 2004-based product
upon which Raster Design is installed.
Network Installation of Raster Design

System administrators planning to install Raster Design on a network must
have TCP/IP installed and functioning on the computers that are running
Raster Design.
Checking System Requirements | 117

Requirements for Sharing Data in a Network
Environment
In addition to the software and hardware requirements that are described in
Search Help for…
the preceding section, the following is required for sharing Raster Design
Setting the Locking data in a network environment:
Method for Image Files
■ Each user must have a unique network login name to use raster file lock-
ing. The login name is used to identify users so that images can be locked
appropriately. If you share the same network login name with another
user, then your image files could be overwritten.
■ For raster file locking to work properly, everyone on the network must use
the same file locking method and folder. These settings are controlled
through the Raster Design Options dialog box.
Preparing for Installation

Be sure to configure the following items before you install Raster Design.
Virtual Memory Settings

For the maximum performance, use the Virtual Memory settings
recommended in your Windows manual.
File Systems
Raster Design runs on the Windows XP, Windows NT and Windows 2000
(FAT & NTFS).
Log in as Administrator (Windows NT and

Windows 2000 Only)
When you install Raster Design, be sure you are logged in as Administrator,
or that your login name is part of the Administrator Group.
Installation Recommendations
Decide which type of installation you want to use. For more information, see
“Choosing Your Installation Options” on page 110.

Autodesk recommends that you follow the following steps to install Raster
Design.
To install Raster Design
Steps
1 Make sure that AutoCAD 2004, or an appropriate AutoCAD 2004 desktop, loads and
runs properly and that peripheral devices (such as monitors, digitizers, plotters, and
so on) are configured and working properly before you install Raster Design.
2 Uninstall any previous version of Raster Design or CAD Overlay before installing
Autodesk Raster Design 2004.
NOTE Do not install Raster Design in the same folder as a previous version without
uninstalling the previous version.
3 Decide where you want to install the program files. The default installation folder is
c:\Program Files\Raster Design 2004.
Installation Recommendations | 119

Unique Installation Conditions
Custom Installation
During installation, you can choose to install:
■ Program Files (files needed to run Raster Design)

■ Sample and tutorial images
More than One AutoCAD

For single-user installs, if you have more than one installation of AutoCAD,
then you are prompted to select which AutoCAD(s) you want to use with Ras-
ter Design. Desktop icons and Program Group items are created for each
AutoCAD you have selected.
NOTE Autodesk Raster Design 2004 will only install to AutoCAD 2004, or an
AutoCAD 2004–based desktop.
Installing Single-User Raster Design.

To install single-user Raster Design
Steps
1 Place the Raster Design CD in the CD-ROM drive.
2 Select Start ➤ Run.
3 In the Open box, type e:\setup (where “e” is the drive letter for the CD-ROM drive),
and then click OK.
4 The Raster Design CD browser is displayed. Click Install Autodesk Raster Design on
the Install tab to proceed through the installation process.
If you installed the single-user locked or unlocked version of Raster Design

(in the United States and Canada), then you can start Raster Design. When
you start the program, you are prompted to enter an authorization code.
Follow the instructions on screen to obtain your authorization code. You
have up to 30 days to obtain this code and enter it.
For complete instructions about installing Raster Design for a single user,
refer to the Stand-Alone Installation Guide, which is accessible from the Install
tab of the Raster Design CD browser.

Installing Raster Design on a Network
Only a client deployment of Raster Design can be installed on a network
installation of AutoCAD, or an AutoCAD desktop. To install Raster Design on
a network, follow the same steps used for the network installation of your
AutoCAD or desktop.
For complete instructions about installing Raster Design on a Network, refer
to the Network Administrator’s Guide, which is accessible from the Network
Deployment tab of the Raster Design CD browser.
Associating Raster Design to Your AutoCAD

Desktop
When client machines install from client deployments, Raster Design is
installed on the client machine and is bound to the AutoCAD Desktop(s)
installed on the client machine. The network administrator chooses this
AutoCAD desktop(s) when creating the client deployment.
Installing Raster Design on a Network | 121

Raster Design Program Group Icons
After you have completed installing Raster Design, the installation program
creates icons in the program group you specified. These icons are listed in the
table below.
Program group icons
Icon Description
Autodesk Raster Design 2004 on <AutoCAD-based product>: Starts Raster

Design on the designated AutoCAD-based product.
Portable License Utility (Safecast locked installs only): Starts the Portable
License Utility.
License Borrowing Utility (Deployed network locked install only): Starts the
License Borrowing Utility.
Raster Design Menus

The Raster Design Image menu is added to your current AutoCAD menu. It
is inserted to the left of the AutoCAD Help menu.
Each time you run Raster Design, it checks to make sure the image menu is
loaded. If it is not loaded, then Raster Design loads it if the Load menu on
Raster Design Startup check box is selected in the Raster Design Options
dialog box.
See Appendix C, “Autodesk Raster Design Command Summary” on page 129
for a complete listing of the Raster Design Image menu options with their
corresponding command names.
Licensing Raster Design

This section provides overview information and on stand-alone licensing for
a single-user workstation and the network licensing as part of a network
installation and deployment of Raster Design.

For detailed licensing information, refer to the following online guides,
which are available from the Raster Design CD Browser.
■ Stand-Alone Licensing Guide—Accessible from the Documentation tab on

the Raster Design CD Browser.
■ Network Licensing Guide—Accessible from the Network Deployment tab on
the Raster Design CD Browser.
Stand-Alone Licensing Basics

A stand-alone license allows you to run an Autodesk product on a single
workstation. To obtain a license, you authorize your product.
You can use your Autodesk product for 30 days before you are required to
authorize it. You can also authorize your license at any time before the expi-
ration date. After the expiration date, you cannot run your Autodesk product
until you register and authorize the product.
When you register your product, you receive an authorization code. You
enter the authorization code in the Product Authorization wizard, which is
displayed every time you launch an unauthorized product. For more infor-
mation about registering and authorizing your product, see the Stand-Alone
Installation Guide, which is available on the Raster Design CD Browser.
The license file stays on your workstation when you uninstall your product.
If you reinstall your Autodesk product on the same workstation, the license
information is still valid. You do not have to reauthorize the product.
Network Licensing Basics

You use the Network License Manager as part of a network installation and
deployment of an Autodesk product. The Network License Manager works
with the Network Installation wizard to install your Autodesk product and
manage licenses from a network. The Network License Manager is used to
configure and manage the license servers, while the Network Installation
wizard allows you to set up a deployment of an Autodesk product on a net-
work.
For more information about deploying an Autodesk product from a network
location, see the Network Administrator’s Guide, which is accessible from the
Raster Design CD Browser.
Licensing Raster Design | 123

Supported Image
Formats
B
You can use many common binary, grayscale, and color In this appendix
image formats with Raster Design. Raster Design ■ Supported image formats
supports all the image formats that AutoCAD 2004
supports.
125
Supported Image Formats
If you open a drawing containing an image format that is not supported, Ras-
Search Help for…
ter Design does not load the image. If you attempt to insert an image that
Supported Image Formats uses an unsupported format, then you are warned that the format is not
supported.
■ 1-bit images are two color (binary/bitonal).

■ 4-bit images are grayscale or color (16-color).
■ 8-bit images are grayscale or color (256-color).
■ 24-bit and 32-bit images are both true color.
■ Raster Design can save images as 1 bit, 8 bit, or 24 bit.
■ Raster Design can read more image formats than it can write. All readable
formats are listed in the “Read” column of the following table. All writable
formats are listed in the “Write” column. For instance, Raster Design can
read wavelet compressed images such as SID and ECW files. However it
cannot write files to those formats.
■ If you insert a read-only image into your drawing and you want to edit it,
then you can use the Image ➤ Save As command to save the image to a
read-write format before or after you edit it.
Raster Design can read and write world files for any image type. World files
contain correlation information for images, such as scale, rotation, and
insertion point.
Supported image formats
Format File extension Description Read (bits Write (bits

per pixel) per pixel)
BMP BMP, RLE, DIB Windows Bitmap 1, 4, 8, 24 1, 8, 24
CALS CAL, GP4, RST, Computer Aided Acquisition and Logistics 1 1

MIL, CG4 Support
FLIC FLC, FLI Animator FLIC 8 8
GeoSPOT BIL SPOT Image Corporation’s raster format 8, 24 read-only

with georeferencing format
GIF GIF Compuserve® Graphics Exchange Format 8 read-only
IG4 IG4 Image Systems Group 4 1 read-only
IGS IGS Image Systems Grayscale 8 read-only
126 | Appendix C Supported Image Formats

Supported image formats (continued)
Format File extension Description Read (bits Write (bits

per pixel) per pixel)
JFIF- JPEG JPG Joint Photographics Expert Group, best 8, 24 24

suited for 24-bit images
PCX PCX A simple run length encoded format 1, 4, 8, 24 1, 8
PICT PCT Apple® Computer format 1, 8, 24 read-only
PNG PNG Portable Network Graphics 1, 8, 24 1, 8, 24
RLC1 RLC Plain RLC with no header 1 read-only
RLC2 RLC RLC1 with IST headers 1 1
TARGA TGA Usually 24-bit true color; can be 8-bit 8, 24 8, 24

grayscale or simple run length encoded
TIFF TIF Tagged Image File Format 1, 4, 8, 24 1, 8, 24
MrSID SID Multiresolution Seamless Image Database 1, 4, 8, 24 read-only
ECW ECW Enhanced Compressed Wavelet 1, 4, 8, 24 read-only
NOTE Raster Design reads GeoTIFF even though GeoTIFF does not appear as
a separate format in the Image Insert dialog box. GeoTIFF is now considered a
source of correlation for TIFF files.
Supported Image Formats | 127

128
Command Summary
C
You can enter Raster Design commands from the Image In this appendix
menu or from the command line. ■ Image menu options
■ Command names
The table in this appendix lists the menu options and
their corresponding command line names according to
their groupings on the Image menu. For a full
description of the Image menu and related online Help
topics, see “Accessing the Raster Design Commands” on
page 20.
129
Command Summary
The following table shows each Image menu option and its corresponding
command line name.
Image menu Command line access
New INEW
Insert IINSERT
Save ISAVE
Save As ISAVEAS
Export
Image IEXPORT
World File IWORLDOUT
Correlate
Match IMATCH
Displace IDISPLACE
Scale ISCALE
Rubbersheet IRSHEET
Manage IMANAGE
Cleanup
Deskew IDESKEW
Despeckle IDESPECKLE
Bias IBIAS
Invert IINVERT
Mirror IMIRROR
130 | Appendix D Autodesk Raster Design Command Summary

Image menu Command line access (continued)
Image Processing
Histogram IHISTOGRAM
Convolve ICONVOLVE
Bitonal Filters IBFILTER
Change Density IDENSITY
Change Color Depth IDEPTH
Palette Manager IPAL
Raster Entity
Manipulation (REM)
REM ➤ Create Region
Polygonal ISPOLYREG
Rectangular ISRECTREG
Diagonal ISDIAGREG
Circular ISCIRCREG
From Existing Vector IREGFROMVEC
REM ➤ Create Enhanced

Bitonal Region
Smart Window ISEBRSMART / Window
Smart Crossing ISEBRSMART / Crossing
Smart Wpolygon ISEBRSMART / WPolygon
Smart Cpolygon ISEBRSMART / CPolygon
Smart Fence ISEBRSMART / Fence
Connected Entity ISEBRCON / Entity
Connected Window ISEBRCON / Window
Connected Crossing ISEBRCON / Crossing
Command Summary | 131

REM ➤ Create Enhanced

Bitonal Region (cont’d)
Connected Wpolygon ISEBRCON / WPolygon
Connected Cpolygon ISEBRCON / CPolygon
Connected Fence ISEBRCON / Fence
REM ➤ Create Primitive
Smart Pick ISSMART
Line ISLINE
Circle ISCIRCLE
Arc ISARC
From Existing Vector IPRIMFROMVEC
Clear Selected ICLEAR
Clear All ICLEARALL
Select All ISELECTALL
Refine Mode IREFINEMODE
Remove Data from IREMOVE

Region
Merge To Raster Image IMERGETOIMG
Convert To Raster Image ICONVTOIMG
Transparency ITRANSPARENT
Smooth ISMOOTH
Copy to Clipboard ICOPYSS
Knife IKNIFE
Mask
Create IMASK

Mask (cont’d)
Convert to Image Clip IMASKCONVERT
Redefine IMASKEDIT
Crop
Line ICROPLINE
Circular Region ICROPCIRC
Rectangular Region ICROPRECT
Aligned Rectangular ICROPALIGN

Region
Diagonal Region ICROPDIAG
Polygonal Region ICROPPOLY
Remove
Line IRUBLINE
Circle IRUBDONUT
Arc IRUBARC
Polyline IRUBPLINE
Circular Region IRUBCIRC
Rectangular Region IRUBRECT
Diagonal Region IRUBDIAG
Polygonal Region IRUBPOLY
Remove Under Vector IRMVEXISTING
Smart Pick IDELSMART
Line Entity IDELLINE
Circle Entity IDELCIRCLE
Arc Entity IDELARC

Merge
Merge Images IIMERGE
Merge Vector IVMERGE
Raster Pens RPENS
Vectorization Tools
(VTools)
Line VLINE
Pline VPOLY
Rectangle VRECT
Circle VCIRCLE
Arc VARC
Text VTEXT
Multiline Text VMTEXT
Polyline Follower VFPOLY
Contour Follower VFCONTOUR
3D Polyline Follower VF3DPOLY
Text Recognition
Recognize Text IRECTEXT
Recognize Table IRECTABLE
Recognize Setup IRECSETUP
Snap ISNAP
Toggle Frames IFRAME
Toggle Quick Bar IQBAR

Options IOPTIONS
Raster Design Home Page http://www.autodesk.com/rasterdesignuser
Help IHELP
About Raster Design IABOUT

Glossary
access To open or start, as a command.

access key The key that corresponds to an underlined letter on a
menu, command, or dialog box.
active Open and operating window, program, document, file,
device, or portion of the screen.
Always Detach An option in the Raster Design Options dialog box. If you
erase the image frames, this option automatically
detaches the images.
arc, raster Curved line or object. Commonly created by three points.
Example: You can remove a raster arc by selecting the
start, center, and endpoints of the raster arc.
Ask Before An option in the Raster Design Options dialog box that
Detach prompts you to detach an image if no frames in the
drawing reference that image.
AutoInsert A Raster Design option for automatically inserting images
into a drawing created with ESP or GSX, which are earlier
versions of Raster Design.
AutoReplace A Raster Design option that changes the image path of a
previously inserted image to match the drawing path.
AutoRub A Raster Design option that removes raster entities as you
trace them with the VTools commands. This option uses
the Rub/Crop line width to determine the width of the
raster that is removed.
137
base point A point used for relative distance and angle when moving,
copying, or rotating objects.
Example: Select the base point on the image that you
want to move to the destination point.
bias The ratio of image width to image height. You can change
the bias of an image by using the AutoCAD STRETCH
command. Also called aspect ratio.
binary image A two color, 1-bit image, usually a line drawing.
Example: A floorplan or a parcel map. The objects in a
binary raster image are called raster entities. The
background color of a binary image can be transparent or
solid. The foreground color can be any color. Also called
bitonal.
bitmap A raster file format for images.
bitonal image See binary image.
blurring A method for evenly weighing all pixels in the kernel
including the target. This filter, while similar to Low Pass
#2, gives slightly brighter results.
bounding The visible element (usually a dotted rectangle) that is
outline displayed when you select a range of items. Also called
bounding box.
brightness Approaching maximum luminance. A higher brightness
value makes all the pixels in an image lighter.
CAD Overlay Previous releases of Raster Design.
GSX and
CAD Overlay
ESP
channel The way color conversion data is communicated or
transmitted.
clipped image Boundary by which you can shorten an image.
Example: When you clip an image, the regions of the
image that are outside the clip boundary are hidden from
view. You can turn off the clip or you can delete the clip
to redisplay all of the image. A clip is a display-only
feature that you can use for viewing and plotting
purposes. It does not permanently change image data.
138 | Glossary
color channel Each color in an image has its own channel.
Example: An RGB image has red, green, and blue color
channels. Color channels can be adjusted together or
separately to bring out individual colors in an image. See
also channel.
color depth Every pixel in an image has information associated with it
to define its color. The amount of information stored with
each pixel is called color depth. The more information that
is stored with each pixel, the greater the number of colors
that can be represented.
The information is represented as follows:
Color Depth Type of Image Available Color(s)
1-Bit Black and White 1 color
8-Bit Grayscale 256 shades of gray
4-Bit Color 16 colors
8-Bit Color 256 colors
16-Bit Color 65,366 colors
24-Bit Color 16,777,216 million colors
Color to GS A tab on the Raster Design Histogram dialog box that

converts a color image to an 8-bit grayscale image.
configure To set up preferences and other settings that determine
how a program operates.
Example: You can set configuration values in the
Raster Design Options dialog box. These settings become
the default values.
continuous A shaded image, sometimes called half-tone in traditional
tone publishing.
contrast The degree of darkness in areas in an image.
Example: You can increase the contrast in a grayscale
image to the point where the image becomes black and
white. Decreasing the contrast results in an image of
mostly midlevel grays.
Glossary | 139
convert Changing from one form to another.
Example: Converting an image to binary can help isolate
features in an image, such as the contour lines in a
grayscale scan of a USGS map. After the grayscale image is
converted to a binary image, you can use the VTools
commands to convert the raster entities to vector objects.
Convolve filter Convolve filters can smooth or sharpen the edges of

grayscale images only.
correlate The process of positioning an image within the AutoCAD

coordinate system so that the image’s dimensions and
coordinates match AutoCAD units and coordinates.
crop A crop deletes pixel data outside a selected area of a raster

image. The image frame size is adjusted automatically. A
crop permanently alters an image.
current A drive, directory, folder, or other element that is active.
Example: Windows Explorer indicates which folder is

current.
data The method of organizing the image data when the image
organization is saved. The data organization can be stripped, tiled, or
monolithic (see also stripped, tiled, and monolithic).
datum A reference point, line, or surface.
decrement To decrease by one.
density The number of dots per unit at which an image is scanned

or created. The more dots per unit, the higher the density.
Also called resolution.
Example: If you scan an image at 300 dpi, the image
density is 300 dots per inch.
density units The units on which the image density is based.

Example: Inches are the density units of an image that was
scanned at 300 dots per inch.
140 | Glossary
density value The number of dots per unit that make up the image
density.
Example: An image scanned at 300 dots per inch has a
density value of 300.
depth The amount of information stored with each pixel. The
more information stored with each pixel, the greater the
number of colors that can be represented. See also color
depth.
deskew Rotating a raster image
Example: Use the Deskew filter when you want to rotate a
raster image in reference to raster or vector objects
without scaling it.
destination The location to which you move an image. To move an
point image, you must pick a source point and a destination
point.
detach an To remove all references to an image from a drawing.
image
disable To turn off a feature so that it does not affect the drawing.
displace To move an image from a source point to a destination
point.
display The visual output device and its technology, such as a
CRT-based display, a flat-panel display, or the graphics
portion of your monitor.
Display A Raster Design setting that maintains the display scale
Capture and rotation of entities in a REM selection set. Used only
for the REM Copy to Clipboard command.
display order The order in which images are displayed in AutoCAD. The
sequence affects which images are under or over other
images. You can change the display order so that an image
is on top of all other images in your drawing.
distortion A method for correcting distortions in images, such as
correction distortions related to parallax, unevenness of terrain, or
lens distortion. See also rubbersheeting.
Example: There may be times when you cannot align
images using manual correlation because of distortions in
the image.
Glossary | 141
dithering The process of using a pattern of solid dots to simulate
more colors than are actually available.
Do Not Affect A Raster Design option on the Image Mask Properties tab,
which retains the images that are outside the mask
boundary.
donut A circle with a linewidth.
DPI Dots per inch of an image. Also called resolution or density.
Example: When you scan an image, you specify the dpi, or
resolution, at which you want to scan the image.
Draft An option in the Raster Design Options dialog box that
does not dither the pixels. This setting is recommended
for binary images.
drawing A vector image in AutoCAD drawing format, saved with
the filename extension DWG.
drawing image Raster Design raster image correlated in an AutoCAD
drawing.
drawing unit The unit on which an AutoCAD drawing is based.
Example: A common Imperial drawing unit is inches. A
common Metric drawing unit is meters.
edge Filters that improve the quality of an image by extracting
enhancement individual elements, for example, boundaries and
filters property lines. You can also use these filters for object
extraction or object recognition by higher-level
algorithms.
Edit Warnings An option in the Raster Design Options dialog box that
prevents Raster Design from displaying warnings while
you are editing an image.
enable To make a feature active.
Enable Mask A Raster Design option on the Image Mask Properties tab,
that enables an existing mask for display. Enabling allows
you to view the image clip as defined by the image mask.
encoding Compression method that is applied to an image when
the image is saved. An encoding method can save disk
space.
142 | Glossary
equalization A function to bring out details in an image. Equalization
changes the darkest pixels in an image to black and the
lightest pixels to white and then reassigns the remaining
pixels to the colors in between. Also called nonlinear
contrast stretch.
Export A Raster Design command for saving an image to another
file format and for writing out correlation files for the
image. Correlation files store insertion point, scale,
rotation, and density information for the image. When
you export an image, you can choose the type of
correlation files to create. You can save the correlation
information to a resource file, a world file, or to the image
file. The type of correlation file you create depends on the
image type you are exporting.
extension list The filename extensions, such as GIF, that Raster Design
searches for when it searches for an image. Raster Design
searches for images in the order that they appear in this
list.
filter An editing tool that can be used to adjust the appearance
of an image. Also called editing filter.
Example: The Invert filter reverses light and dark areas on
an image.
follow To trace a line on a binary raster entity and create vectors
that AutoCAD recognizes as individual objects. Also called
vectorize.
foreground The color of the raster entities in a binary image.
color
frame A rectangular vector object that encloses an image. You
can select the image frame by clicking it or by using any
AutoCAD selection method. The image frame is an
AutoCAD object that you can assign to a layer, reposition,
or scale using standard AutoCAD methods. A frame can
become an irregular shape if the image is cropped or
clipped. See also image frame.
freq value The number of pixels in a histogram image that
corresponds to the shade indicated by the placement of
your cursor.
Glossary | 143
Gap Width A setting that defines the maximum gap (from 0 to 10
pixels) that Raster Design can ignore as it follows a raster
line, polyline, or contour. Raster Design ignores any gap
that is equal to or smaller than the Gap Width. This
setting is useful for scanned images that have many
disconnected raster lines or in which pixels are missing as
a result of imperfect scans.
georeferenced An image that references real-world coordinates in its
image correlation source.
Example: Georeferenced images include GeoSPOT,
GeoTIFF, and images that use world files as their
correlation source.
GIS Computerized decision support systems that integrate
(Geographic spatially referenced data. These systems capture, store,
Information retrieve, analyze, and display such data.
Systems)
global A method to put angular spherical coordinates
coordinate representing latitude and longitude into Autodesk Map's
system Cartesian coordinate system, and account for the
curvature of the earth's surface with a projection.
gradient Filters that improve the quality of the line where an object
directional begins or ends by extracting individual elements. These
edge filters use the vector sum of the three coordinate variables
enhancements X, Y, and Z, taking into account their direction in space.
filters
Example: You can use the gradient directional edge
enhancements filters in any one of the eight compass
directions. Using these filters results in a black
background with white outlines of the objects in the
original image.
grayscale An image usually created by a scanner in which
image continuous tones are represented as uniform shades of
gray. Each pixel uses eight bits of information, producing
256 shades of gray.
grips Small boxes displayed at various points on a selected
object that can be used as “handles” to edit the object.
Select a grip and then specify a grip editing function.
height The physical height of an image in pixels.
144 | Glossary
Hide Image(s) A Raster Design option on the Image Mask Properties tab,
used to hide the images that are outside the mask
boundary.
High Quality A setting in the Raster Design Options dialog box that is
recommended for color and grayscale images.
Example: This setting dithers the pixels on screen so the
changes between shades and colors appear more gradual.
high pass filters A means for enhancing the edges of images. Images that
do not appear clear may be sharpened by high pass
filtering.
high resolution A high-quality screen display (generally 640 × 480 pixels
or better) or print output (300 dots per inch or better).
histogram A bar graph that shows the number of pixels for each color
in the selected image or images. An aid to adjust the
brightness and contrast of an image, to maximize details
in an image, to convert a grayscale or color image to
binary, or to convert a color image to grayscale.
horizontal Parallel to the horizon or baseline.
hybrid A drawing comprising both raster and vector data.
image A graphic that is composed of raster data. See also drawing
and drawing image.
image detail The smallest parts that comprise an image.
image file The description of a collection of data treated by a
computer as a unit for input and output.
Example: For certain types of images, correlation data can
be saved as part of the image file. These file types include
RLC, IG4, IGS, GeoTags in GeoTIFF, or HDR File in SPOT.
image format The method in which an image was created and saved,
such as bitmap, CALS, RLC, or GIF. Some image formats,
such as PICT, are read-only.
image frame A frame that encloses each image you insert (also called
boundary). If you select an image frame, grips appear and
hatch marks are drawn over the image to indicate that you
have selected it. You can select the frame using standard
AutoCAD methods (such as specifying points to define a
crossing window or clicking the frame).
Glossary | 145
image The ability to modify the image display order, modify the
management image properties, and select the active image.
image memory A default amount of memory (RAM) set to 8 MB for
images. If you increase the default amount, you might
degrade the performance of your operating system. It is
recommended that you use the default amount.
image The description of a collection of data treated by
selection Raster Design as a unit.
Example: When you select an image by clicking its frame,
the image moves to the top of the display order, obscuring
any vectors that intersect with it.
image type Binary, grayscale, and color images.
Example: You can use the histogram with grayscale and
color image types.
image unit The unit at which an image was scanned or created.
Example: If you scan an image at 300 dots per inch, the
image unit is inches.
index value In Raster Design, the intensity of the shade (0 to 255)
represented by the bar in the histogram where you place
your pointer.
insert image To put or fit a drawing or photograph into your
Raster Design working session.
insertion point The point in AutoCAD at which text or graphics are
inserted.
Example: The image insertion point XYZ coordinate
corresponds to the lower-left corner of the image frame.
invert In Raster Design, a filter used to reverse position, order, or
relationship.
Example: If an image was originally scanned as a negative,
you can invert the image to create a positive image. You
can also use the Invert filter to reverse the dark and light
areas of an image that was scanned from a white line
blueprint.
146 | Glossary
invisible Unable to be seen.
Example: When frames are invisible, or an image is on a
locked layer, a frozen layer, or a layer that is turned off,
you cannot select the image by clicking the frame.
However, if the frames are not displayed but the image is
on an editable layer, you can select the image using the
SHIFT + left-click method.
layer To form or arrange in layers.

Example: When you insert an image, it is inserted onto
the current AutoCAD layer. However, you can move the
image to another layer. Because AutoCAD controls the
visibility and behavior of the layers, you can move an
image to another layer to take advantage of the AutoCAD
layer properties.
layout Management of images, including how they are displayed
and in what order they are displayed, determined in the
Image Management dialog box.
line A narrow elongated mark, such as a mark on a map
recording a boundary, division, or contour.
Example: You can remove a raster line by selecting a point
on each end of the raster line.
linetype The display of a line or type of curve, such as continuous
or dashed.
low pass filter A means of extracting individual elements in areas where
pixel intensities change rapidly, thereby reducing high-
frequency detail. The effect is a slightly blurred image.
Maintain A Raster Design export option, which, if selected, replaces
Drawing Link the original image with the image you selected to export.
mask Used to display and plot of a subset of the images in your
drawing. A mask clips the images inside the mask
boundary and hides or unloads the images completely
outside the mask boundary. You can mask images using a
rectangular or polygonal boundary. The mask boundary is
an AutoCAD object you can move, stretch, scale, and
erase, just as you can any other AutoCAD object.
median filter A filter that removes random visual noise in an image by
changing each pixel value to match the average value of
the neighboring pixels.
Glossary | 147
memory See image memory.
merge Raster Design commands you can use to merge images,
commands merge vectors, and select raster pen widths.
merge images To group two or more images into a single image file.
mirror To create a new version of an existing object by reflecting
it along a line or plane.
Example: Scanning software may mirror drawings, or
occasionally scan the back of the drawing by mistake. You
can correct these problems by mirroring the image. You
can mirror any image along the horizontal or the vertical
axis.
monolithic Encoding method for TIFF files. Saves image data in one
piece. May result in slower processing time.
native capture Copies a REM selection set using the image data directly
from the image file. Ignores display scale and rotation of
entities. Used only for the REM Copy to Clipboard
command.
Never Detach An option in the Raster Design Options dialog box that
does not detach an image even if all image frames that
reference the image are erased from the drawing.
New Image A Raster Design command used to create a mask.
Mask
node In Raster Design, a link endpoint that can be represented
as a block or point object.
Example: You can force the line follower to ignore the
intermediate nodes and draw a single straight line
between the start and endpoints of a line.
noise Random pixels that result from poorly scanned images.
non- Image that is not saved with real world coordinates.
georeferenced
image
nonorthogonal A graphic representation that intersects or lies at angles
image other than right angles. Also called nonortho image.
ortho image Image that is rotated at 0, 90, 180, or 270 degrees.
148 | Glossary
orthogonal Intersecting or lying at right angles (0, 90, 180, or
270 degrees).
paralax The apparent displacement of the position of an object
with respect to a frame of reference due to a shift in the
point of observation.
pixels Single dots on the screen that may be individually
assigned different colors or shades of gray. Pixels make up
raster images.
Example: Image pixel size varies depending on the
resolution of the image. For example, a 2 × 2 pixel in a
400 dpi image is four times smaller than a 2 × 2 pixel in a
200 dpi image.
point A location on a drawing. Also, a defined survey point in
the COGO database.
positive image An image in which the light and shade areas correspond
to the original image.
PPI Pixels per inch. Also called dpi, or dots per inch.
Example: When you scan an image, you specify the ppi, or
resolution, at which you want to scan the image.
projection Data devised by cartographers and mathematicians to
depict three-dimensional shapes (like the earth) on two-
dimensional surfaces (like your screen) with minimal
distortion.
properties Attributes or characteristics of an object used to define its
state, appearance, or value.
Example: A drawing within Raster Design has properties
that describe its appearance and behavior. These
properties are displayed in the Information dialog box.
quad sheet A device for reducing image file size. Many maps are
broken up into quadrants, which are square and are called
quad sheets. When a group of quad sheets is inserted into
a drawing, it is considered to be tiled.
raster A pattern of closely spaced rows of dots and pixels that
form the image on your computer display.
raster arc See arc, raster.
Glossary | 149
raster data A series of dots, or pixels. This type of data is produced
when you scan a paper drawing, a blueprint, or a
photograph. A raster image is an image composed of
pixels. Raster entities are the lines, arcs, and other objects
in a binary raster image.
raster entity A Raster Design method by which segments (raster line,
manipulation circle, and arc) and areas (diagonal, polygonal,
(REM) rectangular, and circular) of a raster image can be selected
and operated on.
raster pen A Raster Design tool that allows thickening of vector
entities when you merge them into an image. Thicknesses
are assigned according to the specified entity color.
raster snap A device to snap your cursor to the end, center, corner,
intersection, or edge points of a binary raster entity. If you
choose more than one snap mode, the crosshairs snap to
the closest of the possible snap points. When the
crosshairs snap to a point you want to select, choose the
point.
reference point A source of information determined by an ordered set of
coordinates.
REM Raster entity manipulation commands. A group of
commands commands for editing raster images. To use the REM
commands, you first create a selection set. Then you select
an editing command. You can select an area of a color,
grayscale, or binary raster image, or you can select lines,
arcs, and circles of a binary raster image. Then you can
move, copy, or delete the selection set, or you can copy
the selection set to the clipboard.
resolution The number of dots per unit at which an image is scanned
or created. The more dots per unit, the higher the
resolution. Also called density.
Example: If you scan an image at 300 dpi, the image
resolution is 300 dots per inch.
resource file A file used by Raster Design to store image data such as
insertion point, scale, and rotation. Can be used as a
source of correlation information for an image when the
image is inserted into a drawing. The Export command
can write out a resource file for an image.
150 | Glossary
respect A Raster Design term for maintaining a particular
condition.
Example: Under the Vector Merge Default tab, you would
select Respect Display Order if you wanted Raster Design
to keep your current display order.
reverse See Invert.
RGB Red-green-blue.
rotation angle The angle at which an image is revolved about its axis.
RTF Rich text format.
rub To remove a line or area from an image with the
Raster Design Rub command. A rub changes the pixels in
a selected area to the transparency color. When
transparency is turned on for the image, the rubbed area
becomes transparent. Rub permanently alters your image.
rubbersheet The process of matching points in an image to known
reference points in a coordinate system by warping the
image.
scaling In Raster Design, a method for scaling a raster image in
reference to existing raster or vector entities without
rotating it.
scanner A device that converts blueprints, photographs, and line
drawings to raster data.
shading The use of marking made within outlines to suggest three-
dimensionality, shadow, or degrees of light and dark in a
picture or drawing.
Example: You can use the sharpening filters on grayscale
images to make differences in shading more distinct. This
can increase the sharpness of an image and enhance edges
in the image. You may need to use sharpening filters to
extract the highest amount of useful data from a low-
resolution scan.
shadow The darkest part of an image.
sharpening Sharpening filters enhance details in an image. All of
filters these filters with the exception of the matched filters
operate with a 3 × 3 pixel kernel.
Glossary | 151
Show Image A Raster Design option on the Image Mask Properties tab.
Frame(s) Shows the frames of the images that are hidden or
unloaded.
smoothing A device for removing details or unwanted noise in
filters images. Smoothing filters use spatial filtering with a 3 × 3
pixel kernel.
source point The location from which you move an image. To move an
image, you must pick a source point and a destination
point.
speckles Spots of color or stray pixels in an image that result from
scanning errors.
stripped Encoding method for TIFF files. Breaks up image data into
strips for quicker processing.
switch To move from one window or viewport to another. Also,
characters you can enter on the command line to specify
settings for a command or program.
Threshold A Raster Design command to convert images.
Example: When you use the Threshold command on a
color image, Raster Design first converts the image to
grayscale, and then uses the grayscale value to create the
binary image. The grayscale value is obtained by adding
the values of the red, green, and blue channels in an
image and dividing the value by three. If you want more
control over which grayscale value Raster Design uses to
create the grayscale, you can convert the color image to
grayscale first, and then use the Threshold command on
the grayscale image.
threshold The threshold function converts grayscale or color images
function to high-contrast black-and-white (binary) images.
thumbnail A miniature representation of an image that can greatly
increase the speed at which you can preview the image in
the Raster Design Insert Image dialog box, the Histogram
dialog box, and the AutoCAD Image Adjust dialog box. A
thumbnail is saved in the image file. A thumbnail can be
created for only those image formats that allow a preview
to be embedded in the image file.
tiled Encoding method for TIFF files. Breaks the image data
into rectangular, tiled regions for quicker processing.
152 | Glossary
toggle To switch between two options, usually by pressing a
single button.
Example: The Raster Design Toggle command changes the
visibility of the image frame.
transparency One selected color in an image. In binary images, the
color transparency color is always the background color. In
color images, you can choose the transparency color. For
a selected image, you can make all pixels of a specified
color transparent. Also, any time you use a Rub command,
the rubbed area is displayed in the transparency color.
Unload Images A Raster Design option on the Image Mask Properties tab.
Unloads from memory the images that are outside the
mask boundary.
vector A mathematical object with precise direction and length,
but without specific location. Vector data is stored as
X,Y,Z coordinates that form points, lines, areas, and
volumes. It is used to store discrete, well-defined data that
can be delimited. Compare with raster.
Example: In Raster Design, the image frames are vector
entities, which means that you can move the image to
another layer.
vectorization Raster Design commands used to manually convert a
tools binary raster arc, circle, line, or rectangle to its equivalent
vector object. Also called VTools.
vectorize Converting a binary raster image to vector data. You can
use the Raster Design VTools commands to vectorize a
raster image.
VTools Remove A setting that controls what happens to the underlying
Setting raster entity when a VTools command is used to vectorize
the raster entity. Depending on the setting you choose,
the raster entity can be rubbed or REM deleted.
world file A file that stores correlation information about an image,
such as scale, rotation, and insertion point.
Example: When you export an image using the Export
command, you can create a world file for the image that you
can use to correlate the image in another drawing or
software program. The world file is an ASCII file you can
view using Notepad. Mapping programs require world files.
Glossary | 153
Write A Raster Design export option. Writes a correlation file
Correlation and chooses the correlation file type to create from the
correlation output type list.
X, Y, and Z Any of a set of numbers used to specify the location of a
coordinates point on a line, on a surface, or in space.
Example: Enter the X, Y, and Z AutoCAD coordinates to
define the lower-left corner of the new image.
154 | Glossary
Index
3D Polyline Follower, vectorization tool, 95 converting images to different color

depths, 61
displaying in Palette Manager, 63
A foreground of binary images, 47
active image, 44 REM selection, 19
administrator, logging in as, 118 rub and crop, 65
AutoCAD transparency, 49
coordinate system, correlating images color images
within, 54 adjusting appearance with histogram, 57
editing commands, 26 histogram, 59
FILEDIA variable, 38 making a color transparent, 47, 49
imaging commands, 25, 27 removing raster data by rubbing, 66
multiple installations, 120 commands
text or Mtext, converting raster text to, 102 AutoCAD imaging commands, 25, 27
AutoRub, 65 command line, 25, 130
Image menu, 20
B Raster Design commands, 129
binary images, 5 Raster Design toolbar, 24
choosing foreground color, 47 configuration of Raster Design, 18
despeckling, 63 Contour Follower, vectorization tool, 94
making transparent, 47, 49 contrast in images, 25–26 , 58
snapping to, 88 converting
transparency color, 48 color and grayscale to binary, 58
vectorizing with VTools, 92 color to grayscale, 58
binary raster data, 6 image to a different format, 39 –40
bitonal images. See binary images image to different color depth, 61
boundary. See frame raster contour to vector polyline, 95
brightness and contrast in images, 25–26, 58 raster text to AutoCAD text or Mtext, 102
raster to vector, 92 –93
coordinate system, Insertion Page, 37 –38
C correlating images, 40 , 54
CD-ROM, Raster Design Correlation Wizard, 35
international, 116 creating correlation files, 40
United States and Canada, 116 rubbersheeting, 55
client deployment, installation, 112 using Quick Insert, 35
color using the Correlation dialog box, 35
Index | 155
correlation files, 54 G
inserting images, 26 GeoTIFF, 127
modifying values, 37 grayscale images, 5
searching for sources, 36 adjusting appearance with histogram, 57
cropping, 65 making a color transparent, 47, 49
transparency color, 65 removing raster data by rubbing, 66
custom installation, 120 smoothing or sharpening, 63
customizing
AutoCAD profile, 122
menus, 122 H
Help
accessing online Help, 10
D printing entire file, 13
deployment, single user, 111, 114 tutorials, 10
deskew, 61 histogram, 58
despeckling images, 61–62 filter, 57
DVIEW command , 28 tonal adjustments, 57
E I
editing images icons, Raster Design, 122
AutoCAD commands, 26 IMAGE command, AutoCAD, 27
color depths, 61 Image menu commands, 20, 130
filters, 57, 61 images
histogram, 58 attaching, 26
histogram editing filters, 57–59 brightness and contrast, 58
image editing commands, 61 changing properties, 46
REM, 72 converting, 39 –40 , 58, 92
rubbing and cropping, 65 correlating, 35, 40, 54
editing REM objects, 85 See also correlating images
editing text, converting raster to AutoCAD text, creating new, 32
103 display order, 44
enhanced bitonal region object, REM, 73, 76 displaying data about, 44
connected entity selection, 80 editing. See editing images
fence selection, 79 enhancing, 58, 61
polygon selection, 78 exporting, 40
selection options, 77 inserting. See inserting images
smart selection, 81 managing, 27, 44
window selection, 77 See also managing images
enhancing images, 61 masking, 50
exporting images, 40 merging, 68
with REM objects, 86
F moving, 54
file systems required for installation, 118 removing raster areas, 65
FILEDIA variable, 38 rubbersheeting, 55
files saving, 29 , 39
correlation , 40 , 54 selecting, 64
filters for editing images, 61 selecting active image, 44
histogram, 57–59 supported formats, 126
follower tools. See VTools tonal adjustments, 25–26
formats, supported, 126 vectorizing with VTools, 92
frame See also VTools
assigning color and layer, 6 zooming to, 44
selecting, 64 imaging commands, AutoCAD, 25
inserting images, 26, 34 , 36
changing values, 37
Correlation dialog box, 35
156 | Index
correlation files, 26 N
correlation sources, 36 network
Correlation Wizard , 35 file locking, 118
from Internet, 34 requirements, 118
Insert command, 20 sharing data, 118
Insertion Page, 37 network administrator, 111
Quick Insert, 35 logging in as, in Windows NT and Windows
Show Frames Only option, 35 2000, 118
installing Raster Design , 110 network installation, 111–112 , 121
CD-ROM installation, 116 network licensing, 122
client deployment, 112 network version, installing
configuration requirements, 118 domestic customers, 116
custom, 120 international customers, 117
network, 111 New command, 20
on a network, 121 nonortho images, 47
program group icons, 122
recommendations, 118
sharing network data, 118 O
single user deployment, 114 Object Snaps, 28
single-user, 110, 116 online Help. See Help
system requirements, 117 Optical Character Recognition (OCR), 4
with multiple AutoCADs, 120 See also text recognition
international customers, installation for, 116 option settings in Raster Design, 18
Internet image masks, 19
inserting images from, 34 memory, 19
inverting images, 61 new images, 19
REM objects, 19
vector merge, 19
L
licensing
network, 122 P
stand-alone, 122 Palette Manager, 63
Line Follower Extension (LFX) tools, 94 pixels, 5
loading Raster Design menus, 122 changing values, 58
locking image files on a network, 118 making transparent, 49
logging in as administrator, 118 removing, 65
Polyline Follower, vectorization tool, 94
Polynomial method, rubbersheeting, 55
M preferences
maintaining link to image, 41 settings in Raster Design, 18
managing images, 27 primitive objects, REM, 82
Image Manage dialog box, 44
using AutoCAD commands, 27
managing images. See images Q
mask, creating, 50 Quick Insert, automatic correlation with, 35
matching images, 54
menus, accessing commands, 20, 122
loading Image menu, 122
R
merging raster
images, 68 data, 6
REM objects with images, 86 editing, 57, 65
vector, 87 entities, 6
mirroring images, 61 file locking, 118
mouse button function, Raster Design , 19 pens, 87 –88
moving images, 54 raster data definition, 5
multiline text (Mtext), converting raster text to, snapping to, 88
102 text. See text recognition
Raster Design
Index | 157
accessing menu commands, 20 raster, 88
Image menu commands, 130 speckles, removing from images, 62
installing. See installing Raster Design stand-alone licensing, 122
menus, 122 swap file, 118
new features, 4 system requirements, Raster Design, 16 , 117
news group, 13 network, 117 –118
preference settings, 18
program icons, 122
system requirements, 16
T
toolbar commands, 24 tables, converting text to AutoCAD text, 102 ,
using command line, 25 105
Web home page, 13 technical support, 13
working with, 17 Text (Table) Verification window, 103
raster entity manipulation. See REM objects text recognition, 102
raster images, 6 converting raster text to AutoCAD text, 103
editing with REM objects, 84 converting text in tables, 102, 105
from REM objects, 86 settings, 102
merging vectors into, 87 verifying and editing text, 103
raster pens, 87 –88 tonal adjustment, 25–26
raster snap modes, 88 brightness and contrast, 26
raster text, converting. See text recognition histogram editing filters, 57
read-only formats, 39 to a portion of image, 59
Recognize Text command , 102 toolbar, Raster Design , 24
See also text recognition transforming images, rubbersheeting, 55
reference material, 13 transparency color, 49
See also Help binary images, 48
REGEN, 28 Triangular method, rubbersheeting , 55
region objects, REM, 73, 75 tutorials, accessing, 10
REM objects, 72
AutoCAD editing commands, 85 U
converting to raster image, 86 UCS, rotating, 28
editing raster images, 84 UNDO command , 28
enhanced bitonal region, 73, 76 –77 limits, 28
merging with images, 86
primitive, 74, 82
region, 73, 75 V
resource files, Raster Design, 40, 54 values, changing during image insertion , 37
rotating images, 54 vector data , 5
rubbersheeting , 54 vectorization, 6, 92
methods for transforming image, 55 See also VTools
rubbing, 65 vectors
transparency color, 65 merging, 87
using raster pen widths, 88
virtual memory requirements for installation,
S 118
saving images, 21 , 39 VTools, 6, 19, 92
scaling images, 54 configuring settings, 19
selecting images, 64 converting raster contour to vector
separating vectors, 96 –97 polyline, 95
Shift + Left-click Image Select, 64 converting raster lines to vector lines, 93
shortcut menu, editing REM objects, 85 follower tools, 94
Show Frames Only option, 35 3D Polyline Follower, 95
single user deployment, 111 , 114 Contour Follower, 94
using during installation , 114 Polyline Follower, 94
single-user installation, 110 rub setting, 19
snap modes vector separation, 96–97
object, 28 vectorizing raster entities, 92
158 | Index
verifying and adjusting vector entity logging in as administrator, 118
dimensions, 93 world files, 40, 54
W X
Web home page, Raster Design, 13 xrefs, 27
Windows NT and Windows 2000
Index | 159
160 | Index

Autodesk Raster Design Manual

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Autodesk Raster Design

34004-010000-5000A March, 2003

Part I Working with Autodesk Raster Design

Chapter 1 Welcome to Autodesk Raster Design 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Chapter 2 Getting Started. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Chapter 3 Creating, Inserting, and Saving Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Chapter 4 Setting Image Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Chapter 5 Image Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Chapter 6 Working with Raster Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Chapter 7 Converting Raster to Vector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Chapter 8 Converting Raster Text to AutoCAD Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Appendix A Installing Autodesk Raster Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Appendix B Supported Image Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

manipulate, convert, save, and export the data.

What’s New in Autodesk Raster Design 2004

What’s New in Autodesk Raster Design 2004

Improved installation CD browser provides improved installation experience and gives

Improved text Better preserves original formatting such as indenting.

4 | Chapter 1 Welcome to Autodesk Raster Design 2004

Binary Two-color line drawings, also called bitonal

Color An image with multiple colors, such as a color satellite image

Vector data, on the other hand, is a group of mathematical equations that

■ Permanently edit the raster data of your images

Autodesk Raster Design Basics | 5

Each line, circle,

6 | Chapter 1 Welcome to Autodesk Raster Design 2004

■ Insert images that respect correlation information from various sources

Who Should Use Autodesk Raster Design?

Architects To incorporate photographs and old hand-drawn plans into new

Cartographers To take advantage of real-world coordinate support. When

Environmental To generate groundwater contours, locate wells, plot

Autodesk Raster Design Basics | 7

Mechanical To easily update scanned drawings using raster entity

Photogrammetric To use many image formats, including GeoTIFF and GeoSPOT.

Surveyors To perform deed analysis using images for photogrammetric

Autodesk Raster Design Documentation

8 | Chapter 1 Welcome to Autodesk Raster Design 2004

Step Use to locate

1 Select Image ➤ Insert. Inserting Images

Search Help for…

Installation, Deployment, and Licensing Information

Autodesk Raster Design Documentation | 9

10 | Chapter 1 Welcome to Autodesk Raster Design 2004

Method Result Benefits

Autodesk Raster Design Documentation | 11

To use Help to locate Raster Design Help topic titles

1 Select Image ➤ Help to display the main Help contents window.

2 Click the Search tab.

12 | Chapter 1 Welcome to Autodesk Raster Design 2004

Autodesk Raster Design Home Page

To access the Raster Design home page

1 Select Image ➤ Raster Design Home Page.

Autodesk Raster Design Home Page | 13

NOTE For complete instructions on installing Raster Design, see Appendix A,

Network Installation of Raster Design

16 | Chapter 2 Getting Started

Using Autodesk Raster Design

■ Update existing paper drawings by scanning them, then adding vector

Starting Autodesk Raster Design

To start the Raster Design programs

Steps Use to locate

1 To initialize AutoCAD and Raster Design, select the

2 Select Image ➤ Insert to insert an image or select Inserting Images

Using Autodesk Raster Design | 17