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ISSN 2229-5518
Abstract — Energy analysis helps designers to find ways to improve the performance of a system in a many way. Most of the conventional
energy losses optimization method are iterative in nature and require the interpretation of the designer at each iteration. Typical steady state
plant operation conditions were determined based on available trending data and the resulting condition of the operation hours. The energy
losses from individual components in the plant is calculated based on these operating conditions to determine the true system losses. In
this, first law of thermodynamics analysis was performed to evaluate efficiencies and various energy losses. In addition, variation in the per-
centage of carbon in coal content increases the overall efficiency of plant that shows the economic optimization of plant.
Keywords — Energy, efficiency, thermal power plant, first law analysis, energy losses, optimization, coal.
—————————— ——————————
1. INTRODUCTION
2. ANALYTICAL APPROACHES
a. Energy analysis of combustion chamber.
Figure 1 (a) Cogeneration Plant with a Pass – Out Turbine
Combustion chamber is the most important part of the boi-
ler. The combustor in a boiler is usually well insulated that
———————————————— causes heat dissipation to the surrounding almost zero. It
Raviprakash kurkiya is currently pursuing masters degree program in IET also has no involvement to do any kind of work (w=0). In
- DAVV University, India, PH-+91-9630923298. addition, the kinetic and potential energies of the fluid
E-mail: raviprakash_kurkiya@yahoo.com streams are usually negligible. Then only total energies of
Sharad chaudhary is faculty member at Institute of engineering technolo- the incoming streams and the outgoing mixture remained
gy, DAVV University, India, PH-+91-930323760.
same for analysis [2]. The conservation of energy principle
E-mail: sharad.iet@dauniv.ac.in
requires that these two equal each other’s that is shown in
the figure
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ISSN 2229-5518
HHV = (1)
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Qloss = m5(h5 – h1) – Qrej (12) L1- Loss of heat due to dry flue gas (Sensible heat)
e. Energy analysis of feed pump. L4- Loss of heat due to moisture in air (H2O)
The energy balance equation for feed pump L5- Loss of heat due to carbon monoxide (CO)
m2h2 = m1h1 – Wp – Qloss (14)
Heat loss in feed pump L6- Loss of heat due to radiation and unaccounted
Qloss = m1h1 – Wp- – m2h2 (15)
Efficiency L7- Unburnt losses in fly ash (Carbon)
η=1– (16)
L8- Unburnt losses in bottom ash (Carbon)
Boiler Efficiency by indirect method
In the above, loss due to moisture in fuel and the loss due
to combustion of hydrogen are dependent on the fuel, and
cannot be controlled by design.
There are reference standards for Boiler Testing at Site us- Where, =
ing indirect method namely British Standard, BS 845: 1987
and USA Standard is ‘ASME PTC-4-1 Power Test Code
Moles of N2 =
Steam Generating Units’.
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ISSN 2229-5518
L1 = (21) L8 = (28)
6. Heat loss due to radiation and convection: - The other heat The proximate analysis and ultimate analysis of lignite coal
losses from a boiler consist of the loss of heat by radiation are given in Table 2
and convection from the boiler casting into the surround-
ing boiler house. Table 2 Ultimate and Proximate Analysis of Coal
Proximate analysis
8. Heat loss due to unburnt in bottom ash (%)
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Losses due to un-burnt in fly ash (L7) 0.241 Ash % 7.25 – 5.25
Losses due to un-burnt in bottom ash (L8) 03.42
Moisture % 21.0 – 12.0
Total losses = L1 + L2 + L3 + L4 + L5 + L6 + L7 +L8
= 8.86 + 5.54+3.91+.341+2.89+1.37+.241+3.42
= 26.57% Due to this, the results obtain are show in figure below:-
Boiler Efficiency by indirect method 1. Fig.7 shows. As the carbon percentage, increase the
= 100 – (L1 + L2 + L3 + L4 + L5 + L6 + L7 +L8) value of efficiency is also increase. This could be attri-
= 100 – 26.57 buted in higher heating value. So the increases in car-
η = 73.43% bon percentage is directly proportional to efficiency.
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77.4
Efficency (%)
77.7
77.3
77.6
77.2
77.1 77.5
77.4
Efficency (%)
77
76.9
45 50 55 60 65 70 75 77.3
Carbon (%)
77.1
2. This fig.8 shows that the variation in carbon percen-
77
tage is increase in higher heating value through the
76.9
consumption of fuel. Therefore, it decreases mass
flow rate of fuel. That shows the increase in carbon 76.8
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
percentage is inversely proportional to mass flow rate Moisture (%)
2.1
77.7
2
77.6
1.9
77.5
1.8
77.4
Efficency (%)
1.7
77.3
1.6
3.6 3.8 4 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5 5.2 5.4 5.6 77.2
Mass Flow Rate of Fuel (kg/s)
77.1
Figure 8 Mass Flow Rate of Fuel Vs. Efficiency
77
3. Fig.9 shows. Increase in efficiency as the oxygen per-
76.9
centage is decrease.
76.8
Efficiency vs. oxygen 5 5.5 6 6.5 7
ASH (%)
a fluidized bed coal fired boiler, feed pump, turbine and con- Kanoglua,1, Ibrahim Dincerb, Marc A. Rosen, Energy
denser. MATLAB 2008a computer programming is used for Policy 35, pp.3967–3978, (2007).
the analysis. The energy balance sheet shows that theoretical [7] Energy efficiency, no: It’s exergy efficiency, Carl-
losses in various component of boiler. It provides information Jochen Winter, International Journal of Hydrogen
for selection of the components which has maximum losses so, Energy 32 (2007).
that optimization techniques could be used to make it more [8] Thermal design and analysis of a multi-stage 30 K ra-
efficient. The various energy losses of plant, through different dioactive cooling system for EPIC.
components are calculated which indicates that maximum [9] Talso Chui a, Jamie Bock a, Warren Holmes a, Jeff
energy losses occur in turbine. Raab, Simulation of Components of a Thermal Power.
Plant, Rene Schimon Dragan Simic Anton Haumer
Following conclusions can be drawn from this study: Christian Kral Markus Plainer, Arsenal Research
The coal type affects the first law efficiency of the sys- [10] An Approach to Analyse Energy and Exergy Analysis
tem considerably. of Thermal Power Plants: A Review, Vundela Siva
It has been also analysed that a part of energy loss oc- Reddy, Subhash Chandra Kaushik, Sudhir Kumar
curs through flue gases. Tyagi, Naraya Lal Panwar.
The carbon content in the coal has to be proper.
The presence of moisture has a detrimental effect on NOMENCLATURE
overall efficiency.
If we use the heat recovery system to recover the heat c – Carbon
losses through flue gases then it will be more useful h – Hydrogen
for us. o – Oxygen
s – Sulphur
With the growing need of the coal, which is an non renewable E – Rate of energy
source of energy and depleting with a very fast pace, it is de- dE system/ dt – Rate of change
sirable to have such optimal techniques (better quality of coal) C p = Specific heat capacity, kJ/kg0C
which can reduce the energy losses in the coal fired boiler and E = Rate of energy
improves its performance these create impact on production m =Mass flow rate, kg/s
and optimizations uses of energy sources. In addition this Q = Energy losses
study shows the better quality of coal giving the high per- s = Specific entropy, kJ/kg
formance of plant and even though the consumption of coal is T = Temperature0C
been reduced that creates economic condition for overall plant η = Energy efficiency
References Subscripts
[1] Energy and exergy analysis of a steam power plant in in – input
Jordan, Isam H. Aljundi, Applied Thermal Engineer- out – Output
ing 29, pp324–328, (2009). p – Product
[2] An exergy method for compressor performance anal- a – Air
ysis, J. A. McGovern and S. Harte, Received 19 Octo- g – Flue gases
ber 1994; revised 6 April 1995 s – Steam
[3] Effects of operational parameters on the thermody- w – Water
namic performance of FBCC steam power plant, B – Boiler
Nurdil Eskin a, Afsin Gungor b, Koray Ozdemir, Fuel f – Fuel
88, pp54–66, (2009).
[4] Energy, exergy and economic analysis of industrial
boilers R. Saidur n, J.U.Ahamed, H.H.Masjuki ,
Energy Policy 38, pp.2188–2197, (2010).
[5] Exergy analysis of a cryogenic hydrogen fuel power
plant, D.Fiaschi, G.Manfrida, International Journal of
Hydrogen Energy.
[6] Understanding energy and exergy efficiencies for im-
proved energy management in power plants, Mehmet
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