“ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICACY OF GREEN TEA, OATMEAL AND MALUNGGAY

SOAP AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND ESCHECRICHIA COLI”

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

There are different kinds of fighting agent soaps in which it

can kill bacteria’s in the skin which leads to different skin

diseases or skin problems. Sensitive skin is the main effect of

bacterias in the skin which causes skin irritations and dryness of

the skin. It has to mean people who have allergic or irritant

reactions to products mostly. In people with sensitive skin, the

ingredients in some soap can lead to irritation by causing dryness

or Allergic reactions. That is why we introduce you to the new

Soap we invented, the Oatmeal, Green tea and Malunggay soap. These

three ingredients are a natural ingredient that helps to fight the

bacteria and gives glowing skin without causing irritation.

Antibacterial soaps not only prevent from sensitive skin but

in all types of skin problems. It can only be clinically proven

that soaps help prevent and reduce the effects of bacterias in the

body.

This study will prove that the antibacterial efficacy of green

tea, oat meal and malunggay can fight against staphylococcus aureus

and eschecrichia coli from the different natural components of

green tea, oat meal and malunggay.

1
 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Sensitive skin is a clinical syndrome characterized by the

occurrence of unpleasant sensations, such as pruritus, burning or

pain, in response to various factors, including skincare

products, water, cold, heat, or other physical and/or chemical

factors.

Oats are very beneficial for the overall health of an

individual. There are many benefits of oats for skin, and hence it

must be added as an essential ingredient of your skin care regime.

Oats help in skin lightening by improving the skin tone and

texture. The market is overflowing with skin care products

containing oats such as body scrubs, exfoliating creams, soaps,

body lotions, foot care creams, etc. Regular intake of oats is

beneficial in controlling bacterial infections in the body and

retarding their growth. The regular consumption of oats can boost

the overall immunity of a person. The oats benefits for health are

many and hence it is a very healthy addition to the daily diet.

Oats contain high amounts of proteins as compared

2
to other cereals. Oats are a rich source of phytochemicals that

help in protection against many chronic diseases. Oats are full of

essential minerals, vitamins, folic acid, and thiamin. Oats are

very beneficial for the overall health of an individual. The use

of oats in skincare has been documented as far back as 2000 BC,

and oatmeal is one of the few natural ingredients to receive

recognition from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), according

to clinical dermatologist Dr. Joseph F. Fowler Jr.’s clinical update in

Skin & Allergy News. 10 benefits of using Oats for skin: Dermatologist Guide (Dermatocare)

Written By Dr Surbhi, MD Skin

There are many benefits of oats for skin, and hence it must

be added as an essential ingredient of your skin care regime. Oats

help in skin lightening by improving the skin tone and texture.

The market is overflowing with skin care products containing oats

such as body scrubs, exfoliating creams, soaps, body lotions, foot

care creams, etc. Oats help in protection of the skin from harsh

chemicals, UV rays of the sun, excessive drying, rashes, and acne.

10 benefits of using Oats for skin: Dermatologist Guide (Dermatocare)

Written By Dr Surbhi, MD Skin

 Green tea leaves, which come from the Camellia sinensis

plant, are made up of a variety of chemical compounds that may

be responsible for many of its health benefits. Green tea has

long been used for its amazing health benefits in a wide range

of areas, including possible improvements in digestive health,

wound healing and even its potential to protect against certain

cancers. Recently, green tea has been gaining attention for its

uses in skincare, namely for its antioxidant, astringent and

anti-inflammatory properties. Green tea leaves are made up of a

variety of chemical compounds. Green tea extract is included to

provide antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits, which may

help to soothe and calm the skin while also providing protection 3

against collagen degradation and skin discoloration. Khan N, Mukhtar H

(2013). "Tea and health: studies in humans". Current pharmaceutical design (Literature Review). 19 (34):

6141– doi:10.2174/1381612811319340008. PMC 4055352  . PMID 23448443.

Moringa is known as a “miracle tree” and also as a “mother’s

best friend”. It has multiple uses. Every part of the tree –

leaves, pod, fruits, sap, seeds, oil, flowers, roots and bark has

medicinal properties. Moringa leaves are literally one of the most

powerful natural medicines known and Moringa leaves benefits are

the one we can’t miss out. Moringa leaves are a rich source of

many nutrients like Vitamin A, Vitamin B, Vitamin C, Vitamin D and

Vitamin E. In fact, they have many more vitamins than the richest

sources such as carrots, oranges and milk. They can be cooked and

eaten in many ways. They can be consumed as juice, vegetable, oil,

etc. Philippine Herbal Medicine © 2005-2017. Anwar F, Latif S, Ashraf M, Gilani AH.

Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan.

anwar.gilani@aku.edu

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Generally, this study aims to determine the efficacy of

oatmeal, green tea, and malunggay soap as an antibacterial agent

against staphylococcus aureus and eschecrichia coli.

Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following:

1. To evaluate the effectiveness of Oatmeal, Green tea, and

Malunggay soap against staphylococcus aureus and eschecrichia coli

2. To know the different skin benefits of Oatmeal, Green tea, and

4
Malunngay to individuals

HYPOTHESIS

1. There is no significant evaluation of the effectiveness of

Oatmeal, Green tea, and Malunggay against staphylococcus aureus

and eschecrichia coli

2. There is no significant study of the different skin benefits of

Oatmeal, Green tea, and Malunggay to individuals

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The result of this study is evaluate the properties and of

oatmeal, green tea and malunggay as an antibacterial soap. We all

know that now a day’s people have high toleranceto make-up and

personal care products, pollution, stress, lifestyle and etc, in

which it is the main cause of skin diseases.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Avenasativa- sometimes called the common oat is a species of cereal 5

grain grown for its seed, which is known by the same name (usually

in the plural, unlike other cereals and pseudo cereals).

Antibacterial- anything that destroys bacteria or suppresses their

growth or their ability to reproduce. Heat, chemicals such as

chlorine, and antibiotic drugs all have antibacterial properties.

Camellia sinensis - is a species of evergreen shrub or small tree

whose leaves and leaf buds are used to produce tea.

Eschecrichia Coli - is a Gram-negative, facultatively

anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of

the genusEscherichia that is commonly found in the

lower intestine of warm-bloodedorganisms (endotherms).

Green tea – is a type of tea that is made from Camellia

sinensis leaves that have not undergone the same withering and

oxidation process used to make oolong teas and black teas. Green

tea originated in China, but its production and manufacture has

spread to many other countries in Asia.

Malunggay - The malunggay plant is known to different parts of the

world under various names including, but not limited to,

horseradish tree, drumstick tree, and dool in some regions. It is

one of the more popular and publicized plant that is acknowledged

to have nutritional, as well as, medicinal value.

It is rich in vitamins A, B & C, minerals such as iron

and amino acids.

Oatmeal - Is made of hulled oat grains – groats – that have

either been milled (ground), steel-cut, or rolled. Ground oats are

also called "white oats". Steel-cut oats are known as "coarse

oatmeal" or "Irish oatmeal" or "pinhead oats". Rolled oats can be

6
either thick or thin, and may be "old-fashioned" or "quick" or

"instant". The term "oatmeal" is also used in the U.S., Australia,

and parts of Canada as another word for an oat porridge made from

either the ground, steel-cut, or rolled oats.

Synthetic compound - refers to a substance that is man-made by

synthesis, rather than being produced by nature. However, it may

also refer to a substance or compound formed under human control

by any chemical reaction, either by chemical synthesis or

by biosynthesis.

Staphylococcus Aureus - is a Gram-positive, round-

shaped bacterium that is a member of the Firmicutes, and it is a

member of the normal flora of the body, frequently found in

the nose, respiratory tract, and on the skin. It is often positive

for catalase and nitrate reduction and is a facultative

anaerobe that can grow without the need for oxygen.

Eschecrichia Coli - is a Gram-negative, facultatively

anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of

the genusEscherichia that is commonly found in the

lower intestine of warm-bloodedorganisms (endotherms).

DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The limitations of study includes, conducting a hands on

experiment in which it will be determine efficacy of oat meal,

malunggay and green tea soap against staphylococcus aureus and

eschecrichia coli.

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 After having the hands on experiment of our product, all data

will be gathered as soon as the result will come and that will

know if the efficacy of our soap can be tested to people inside

the specific community.

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of oatmeal,

green tea and malunggay for skin sensitivity. As for our

experiment, the Experimental method was used, where in

experimental trial is performed. This includes trial and error,

which refers to the use of working hypothesis that can be tested

using experiment, observation and trial.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE

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There are further more studies that were proven that these

three natural skin care ingredients can treat sensitive skin. In

dermatologist practice, we recommend oatmeal for sensitive,

allergy or eczema prone skin because it is an excellent moisturizer

with skin healing, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant and itch

relieving benefits. Oats available in the market are called as

Oatmeal. They are made by rolling, grinding, steel cutting the oat

grains. My research revealed that the steel cut oats are the best

for both skin and health because they closest to the natural form

of oats.Oatmeal has been a popular all-natural skincare ingredient

for years. In fact, the use of oats in skin care has been noted as

far back as 2000 B.C. As one of the few natural ingredients to

receive recognition as a safe and effective ingredient by the FDA,

oatmeal provides various benefits to the overall health and care

of your skin. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), according to clinical dermatologist Dr.

Joseph F. Fowler Jr.’s clinical update in Skin & Allergy News.

There have been a number of encouraging studies of skin

benefits of green tea. Animal studies showed protection from skin

cancer. Both animal and human studies have credibly demonstrated

that topical green tea formulations reduce sun damage. Green tea

appears to exert sun damage protection by quenching free radicals

and reducing inflammation rather than by blocking UV rays.

Therefore, green tea may synergistically enhance sun protection 9

when used in addition to a sunscreen. A small study showed benefits

of 2% polyphenone (via a particular type of green tea extract) in

papulopustular rosacea. In particular, a significant reduction in

inflammatory lesion was reported compared to placebo. "Update on the

USP Green Tea Extract Monograph". USP. April 10, 2009.

Considering their well-documented antioxidant and anti-

inflammatory activities, topical green tea polyphenols are likely

to slow down the development of some signs of aging. Whether green

tea can actually diminish wrinkles and skin sag are far more

uncertain. Kim, H.M. and Kim, J. (2013, June). The Effects of Green Tea on Obesity and Type 2

Diabetes. Diabetes & Metabolism Journal, 37(3), 173-5.

Harvard Health Publications. (2012, December). Green tea may lower hear disease risk. Harvard Heart

Letter.

In a 2005 Katiyar SK, Ahmad N, Mukhtar H.Arch Dermatol. 2000

Aug;136(8):989-94. Review.study, forty women with moderate photo

aging were randomized to either a combination regimen of 10% green

tea cream and 300 mg twice-daily green tea oral supplementation or

a placebo regimen for 8 weeks. No significant differences in

clinical grading were found between the green tea-treated and

placebo groups. On the other hand, histologic grading of skin

biopsies did show significant improvement in the elastic tissue

content of treated specimens. More human studies are needed to not

only determine the scope of anti-aging skin benefits of green tea

but also to work out the optimal usage. Known as one of the

healthiest drinks on earth, green tea is known to offer

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antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial benefits. Key

elements of green tea include polyphenols (catechins), amino acids

(L-theanine), alkaloids (caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline),

chlorophyll, fluoride, proteins, carbohydrates, phenolic acids,

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aluminum, trace elements, essential oils, vitamins (A, C, and E),

and minerals. Because green tea contains high amounts of

polyphenols that comprise the catechins, it offers potent

medicinal and therapeutic properties. It also contains much higher

amounts of catechins than black tea (25 percent versus four

percent). The polyphenols in green tea are responsible for the

strong antioxidant values that are far greater than vitamins C and

E. The most potent catechin in green tea is epigallocatechingallate

(EGCG) followed by epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechigallate

(ECG), epicatechin (EC), and gallocatechin (GC).The outcome of the

several experimental studies suggests that green tea possess anti-

inflammatory and anticarcinogenic potential, which can be

exploited against a variety of skin disorders. Although more

clinical studies are needed, supplementation of skin care products

with green tea may have a profound impact on various skin disorders

in the years to come. Moringa oleifera: a food plant with multiple medicinal

uses.Anwar F1, Latif S, Ashraf M, Gilani AH.

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 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the method that was used in conducting

this experimental research, together with the materials and

procedures that were applied.

PRELIMINARY ACTIVITIES
 Before we conducted our experiment, we gathered all the

necessary materials and ingredients for our product and conducting

the experiment. We had a month to collect all the tools or

materials to be used and including the natural ingredients green

tea, oatmeal, and malunggay.

MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENTS

Natural Soap

In the procedure of doing the Natural soap, the following

materials are needed:

 Saucepan and Sauté pan

 Glass bowl

 Spoon

 Wooden spoon

 Knife and chopping board

 Silicon containers

 Green tea

 Malunggay Leaves 13

 Oatmeal

 Glycerin soap

 Vegetable oil or Coconut oil

 Sugar
 PROCEDURES

Natural soap making process:

1. Slice the transparent soap thinly. Make sure to hold it

tightly to avoid accidents or ask for an adult to do it.

2. Put it in sauce pan for double boiling.

3. For your natural ingredients. In a glass bowl, 2 teaspoons

of green tea extract into the bowl.

4. Add 3 teaspoons of vegetable oil or coconut oil.

5. Add 3 teaspoons of oatmeal to the mixture.

6. Add the malunggay extract and mix it carefully.

7. Add 3 teaspoons of sugar mix it again and make sure to

dissolve the ingredients thoroughly.

8. After boiling the transparent soap, place the melted

transparent soap into the 2nd mixture and mix them together.

9. After mixing, mold it in a silicon container or Tupperware

and let it cool down for 5 minutes.

10. Gently remove the soap in the silicon container or 14

Tupperware and there you have it.

The Data Gathering Instruments

 There were two groups of materials being utilized in this

study.

First, the non-chemicals, these include the 20 pieces

disposable petri dishes, autoclavable plastic bags, 1 alcohol

lamp, 1 micropipette 1000μl capacity, 20 pieces sterile pipette

tipsin a box, incubator, floor mounted autoclave, laminar flow

hood, colony counter, cutter, 1 piece Erlenmeyer flask 1000ml

capacity (for 500 ml Mueller hinton agar), metal spatula (for MHA

agar), aluminum foil cover, bent glass rod/glass spreader, pipette

tips with the box, cork borer, alcohol lamp, marking pen,

laboratory gown, face masks, powdered latex gloves, and 1 piece

beaker 250ml capacity (disposal container).

Second, chemicals, these include the 2 separate tubes of

standardized Staphylococcus aureus culture and Escherichia coli

culture in nutrient broth (approximately 10ml each of the bacterial

suspension for the assay), 1 tube 0.5 Mcfarland Standard ( 0.05 ml

1% barium chloride plus 9.95 ml 1% Sulfuric acid), 70% rubbing

alcohol, denatured alcohol, sterile Mueller Hinton Agar 19g/500ml.

15

Procedure
 To obtain the data for the efficacy of the said herbal tea

and malunggay soap against Staphylococcus aureus(Hospital culture)

and Eschericchia coli (ATCC® 25922™), the investigators employed

the following laboratory techniques and procedures:

Preparation and Sterilization of Materials to be Used

The different laboratory glass wares and materials were

sterilized in an autoclave together with the culture media. These

autoclavable materials include: 19g/500ml MHA contained in 1L

Erlenmeyer flask, bent glass rod/glass spreader, pipette tips with

the box, cork borer, and 250 ml pyrex beaker(disposal container).

Before starting (Preparation of Working Area)

The temperature of the incubator was set to 35 ± 0.5 °C (95

± 0.9 °F). The incubator temperature was allowed to stabilize

before the samples would be added. Hands were washed thoroughly

with soap and water.

Germicidal cloth, bactericidal spray, weak bleach solution or weak

iodine solution was used to clean the work area. All of the
16
materials that come in contact with samples are made sure to be

sterile. Therefore, all the petri dishes (plates) (20pieces) to be

plated out were prepared and placed inside the laminar flow hood.

Marking pen, alcohol lamp, and all the other materials for the

Agar well Diffusion Assay were placed inside the UV Hood including
those materials already sterilized from the autoclave and were

again sterilized with UV from the hood for fifteen minutes.

Note: Bacterial suspensions of S. aureus and E. coli for the said

antimicrobial diffusion assay were placed inside the cabinet AFTER

UV sterilization so not to kill the bacteria prior to assay.

Preparation of Nutrient Agar

About 19 grams of dehydrated Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) in

aluminum was weighed by means of a spatula and then transferred to

a clean, dry, 1000ml Erlenmeyer flask. The medium was rehydrated

with distilled water 500ml mark and was shaken to mix. The mouth

of the flask was covered with aluminum foil. The flask was then

preheated for 15 minutes in an autoclave followed by sterilization

for 15 minute at 121°C for fifteen minutes at 15 psi. The sterile

melted medium was allowed to cool down to 50°C and dispensed into

20 sterile Petri plates at 20 ml each. The petri plates were shaken

17
gently in a circular motion
 REFERENCES

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_tea

Khan N, Mukhtar H (2013). "Tea and health: studies in

18
humans". Current pharmaceutical design (Literature

Review). 19 (34):

6141– doi:10.2174/1381612811319340008. PMC 4055352 

. PMID 23448443.

http://www.philippineherbalmedicine.org/malunggay.htm
Anwar F, Latif S, Ashraf M, Gilani AH.

Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-

38040, Pakistan. anwar.gilani@aku.edu

https://www.dermatocare.com/blog/10-benefits-of-using-oats-for-

skin--know-from-a-dermatologist

www.smartskincare.com › Anti-Aging Skin Treatments › Topical

Activeshttp://www.dermascope.com/treatments/green-with-envy-how-

green-tea-became-skin-care-s-latest-super-

ingredient#.Wl72XLyWbcs

http://www.moringa.rubiconhealth.org/studies/

Philippine Herbal Medicine © 2005-2017

https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/11/05/oatmeal-beauty-

benefits_n_4214053.html

10 benefits of using Oats for skin: Dermatologist Guide

(Dermatocare) Written By Dr Surbhi, MD Skin

Kim, H.M. and Kim, J. (2013, June). The Effects of Green Tea on
Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes & Metabolism Journal,
37(3), 173-5.
Harvard Health Publications. (2012, December). Green tea may
lower hear disease risk. Harvard Heart Letter.

https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=10215

Masalha M; et al. (2001). "Analysis of Transcription of the

Staphylococcus Aureus Aerobic Class Ib and Anaerobic Class III

Ribonucleotide Reductase Genes in Response to Oxygen". Journal

of Bacteriology. 183 (24): 7260–

7272. doi:10.1128/jb.183.24.7260-7272.2001. PMC 95576 

. PMID 11717286.

Filamer Christian University

Accredited level – IV High School

19
Roxas City

“ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICACY OF GREEN TEA, OATMEAL AND MALUNGGAY

SOAP AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND ESCHECRICHIA COLI”

Presented to:

Mrs. Irma Penol

In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements in Science:

Janelle Francisco

Yzandra Mae Opina

Hannah Alifante

Marviane Gayotin

Bea Andrea Brillo

Rica Lasala

Earos Bueno

Dominique Leigh Babis

Hannah Almeida