READING

Charles Dickens

Charles John Huffam Dickens (February 7, 1812 - June 9, 1870), pen-name "Boz", was an English novelist of the
Victorian era.

The popularity of his books during his lifetime and to the present is demonstrated by the fact that none of his
novels have ever gone out of print.
Dickens' writing style is florid and poetic, with a strong comic touch. His satires of
British aristocratic snobbery — he calls one character the "Noble Refrigerator" — are
wickedly funny. Comparing orphans to stocks and shares, people to tug boats, or
dinner party guests to furniture are just some of Dickens' flights of fancy which sum
up situations better than any simple description could.

The characters themselves are amongst some of the most memorable in English
literature. Certainly their names are. The likes of Ebenezer Scrooge, Fagin, Mrs.
Gamp, Micawber, Pecksniff, Miss Havisham, Wackford Squeers and many others are so
well known they can easily be believed to be living a life outside the novels, but their
eccentricities do not overshadow the stories. Some of these characters are
grotesques; he loved the style of 18th century gothic romance, though it had already become a bit of a joke.

One character most vividly drawn throughout his novels is London itself. From the coaching inns on the out-skirts of
the city to the lower reaches of the Thames, all aspects of the capital are described by someone who truly loved
London and spent many hours walking its streets.

Most of Dickens' major novels were first written in monthly or weekly installments in journals such as Household
Words and later collected into the full novels we are familiar with today. These installments made the stories
cheap and more accessible and the series of cliff-hangers every month made each new episode more widely
anticipated. Part of Dickens' great talent was to incorporate this episodic writing style but still end up with a
coherent novel at the end. The monthly numbers were illustrated by, amongst others, "Phiz" (a pseudonym for
Hablot Browne).

Among his best-known works are Great Expectations, David Copperfield, Oliver Twist, Nicholas Nickleby, A Tale of
Two Cities, and A Christmas Carol. David Copperfield is argued by some to be his best novel — it is certainly his
most autobiographical. However, Little Dorrit, a masterpiece of acerbic satire masquerading as a rags-to-riches
story, is on a par with the very best of Jonathan Swift and should not be overlooked.

Dickens' novels were, among other things, works of social commentary. He was a fierce critic of the poverty and
social stratification of Victorian society. Throughout his works, Dickens retained an empathy for the common man
and a skepticism for the fine folk.

Dickens was fascinated by the theatre as an escape from the world, and theatres and theatrical people appear in
Nicholas Nickleby. Dickens himself had a flourishing career as a performer, reading scenes from his works. He
travelled widely in Britain and America on stage tours.

Much of Dickens' writing seems sentimental today, like the death of Little Nell in The Old Curiosity Shop. Even
where the leading characters are sentimental, as in Bleak House, the many other colourful characters and events,
the satire and subplots, reward the reader. Another criticism of his writing is the unrealistic and unlikeliness of his
plots. This is true but much of the time he was not aiming for realism but for entertainment and to recapture the
picaresque and gothic novels of his youth. When he did attempt realism his novels were often unsuccessful and
unpopular. The fact that his own life story of happiness, then poverty, then an unexpected inheritance, and finally
international fame was unlikely shows that unlikely stories are not necessarily unrealistic.

All authors incorporate autobiographical elements in their fiction, but with Dickens this is very noticeable,
particularly as he took pains to cover up what he considered his shameful, lowly past. The scenes from Bleak House
of interminable court cases and legal arguments could only come from a journalist who has had to report them.
Dickens' own family was sent to prison for poverty, a common theme in many of his books, in particular the
Marshalsea in Little Dorrit. Little Nell in The Old Curiosity Shop is thought to represent Dickens' sister-in-law,
Nicholas Nickleby's father is certainly Dickens' own father and the snobbish nature of Pip from Great Expectations is
similar to the author himself.

At least 180 movies and TV adaptations have been based on Dickens' works.

Questions about the text

1. Charles Dickens used the pseudonym "Boz".

True.
 False.

We don't know.

2. Ebenezer Scrooge was the name of Dickens' wife.

True.

False.

We don't know.

3. The capital of England is very well described in his novels.

True.

False.

We don't know.

4. Some of his novels appeared in journals.

True.

False.

We don't know.

I. Read the text below and fill in blanks with missing words (48p; 12 x 4p)

Charles Dickens is one of ………English novelists of the nineteenth century. He was born at Portsmouth where his
father was a clerk. When Charles ….four years old, the family moved to Chatham and the years they spent there
were among the ………in Dickens’ life. Charles Dickens ……was only twelve years old, was sent to work in a boot –
blacking factory, ……he had to stick labels on bottles. In this way Dickens came into contact with …………..classes of
society and gained experience which he used later on his ……..

But after two years he was taken from ………and sent to work again, this time in an attorney’s office. He continued
his education alone, Reading as much as he could and learning shorthand during this time. This helped him to
become a newspaper reporter at the …..of 19.

From that moment he began to write………. and, little by little, these short articles changed into long novels that
were immensely liked and brought fame to their author.

In 1836 Dickens publishes his ……..,,Sketches by Boz ’’. The next years 1837, he published his first novel ,, The
Pickwick Papers’’. After that a successful, though very hard life,………..

happiest, the greatest, where, was, the poorest, who, novels, school, age, articles, first work, followed.