Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
TO
HPTLC SPECIALISTS
AIM OF TRAINING
Familiarize the
participants with the state
of the art of High
Performance Thin Layer
Chromatography.
ANCHROM
ANCHROM VISION
ANCHROM
ANCHROM
¾ DEDICATED TO HPTLC (1985)
¾ MR. DILIP CHAREGAONKAR, TECHNOCRAT FOUNDER
¾ CAMAG ASSOCIATION SINCE 1978
¾ PRODUCT + SERVICES PACKAGE
BUSINESS POLICY
EQUAL EMPHASIS
LAB. SUPPORT
ANCHROM
, SWITZERLAND
¾ DEDICATED TO HPTLC (1960)
¾ DR. DIETER JÄNCHEN, TECHNOCRAT FOUNDER
¾ AT BASEL (HEART OF SWISS CHEMICAL INDUSTRY)
¾ CLOSE CO- ORDINATION WITH CIBA, SANDOZ,
ROCHE, MERCK, BAYER, BASF ETC.)
¾ CBS JOURNAL – SINCE 1965
¾ PIONEERED MOST NEW PRODUCTS
¾ APPLICATION LABS – SWITZERLAND, USA & INDIA
¾ 12 % TURNOVER SPENT IN R & D
¾ WITH ANCHROM SINCE 1978
ANCHROM
PROPRIETORY TECHNOLOGIES
¾ HPTLC SYSTEM MANAGER.
¾ FULLY AUTOMATIC TLC SCANNER.
¾ VARIO CHAMBER FOR METHOD DEVELOPMENT &
SCREENING.
¾ AMD SYSTEM FOR GRADIENT HPTLC
¾ LIBRARY OF SPECTRA OF FORENSIC INTEREST,
WITH SEARCH .
¾ AUTOMATIC PLATE COATER.
¾ TRANSILLUMINATOR ( 302 NM) COMBINED WITH
TLC / HPTLC PHOTODOC.
¾ MICRO – PREPARATIVE CHROM. WITH SAME
HPTLC SYSTEM.
¾ PHOTO DOCUMENTATION WITH INDUSTRIAL CAMERA.
ANCHROM
SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL
CHEMISTRY
ORIGIN OF SAMPLES
BIOLOGICAL INDUSTRIAL
INDUSTRIAL LABS
NO CHROM. LAB
IS
COMPLETE
W/O HPTLC ANCHROM
CHROMATOGRAPHY
AIM
MIXTURE
SEPARATE
COMPARE ABSOLUTE
( UV – VIS ) ( IR / MS ) ANCHROM
QUANTITATIVE TLC
ANCHROM
HPTLC
ANCHROM
H P T L C HISTORY
1951 KIRCHNER
1957 STAHL “ HANDBOOK OF TLC ”
1975 PRECOATED PLATES, HPTLC
1980 INSTRUMENTATION, CAMAG
1985 GRADIENT HPTLC
1990 AUTOMATION
1996 VIDEO DOCUMENTATION
2000 SYSTEM MANAGER
2005 12-bit DIGITAL PHOTODOC.
2005 AUTO DEVELOPING CHAMBER
ANCHROM
PRACTICE OF HPTLC
( SIMPLIFIED SAMPLE PREPARATION )
METHOD CREATION
SAMPLE APPLICATION
CHROMATOGRAPHY DEVELOPMENT
SCANNING
( QUANTIFICATION & IDENTIFICATION )
PHOTO DOC
POST CHROM DERIV
ANCHROM
Stationary Phase
Chemically well defined mostly porous inorganic
substances with high surface area are used.
The performance of TLC sorbent depends on
surface area of the particle, pore volume, mean pore
diameter, uniform particle size.
Small particle size increases separation efficiency,
resolution & decreases analysis time.
Polarity decreases as shown :
Silica > amino silica > cyano silica > octadecyl silica
Polar Med. Polar Non-Polar
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Stationary Phase
¾ Silica Gel (fairly Universal)
¾ 60ºA, 7 µm
¾ Zinc silicate with Mn
¾ 0.2 mm layer
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Vapour Phase
¾ The vapor phase in the developing chamber.
The gas phase can heavily affect the
chromatographic result.
ANCHROM
Mobile Phase
¾ The mobile phase is the solvent or solvent mixture moving
through the stationary phase on the TLC/HPTLC plate during
development.
¾ Mobile phase should be chosen taking into consideration
chemical properties of analytes & sorbent layers.
¾ Use of mobile phase containing more than three or four
components should be avoided as it is often difficult to get
reproducible ratios of different components.
¾ Advantages:
Mobile phase evaporates before derivatization
Does not interfere with determination of the position
of solute spots/ bands
Smaller volume of mobile phase required.
ANCHROM
Solvent Polarity
To increase Rf increase polarity & vice versa
¾ n- Hexane 0.1 ¾ Ethanol 4.3
¾ Cyclohexane 0.2 ¾ Ethyl acetate 4.4
¾ Carbon disulphide 0.3 ¾ Ethyl methyl ketone 4.7
¾ Carbon tetrachloride 1.6 ¾ Dioxane 4.8
¾ Isopropyl ether 2.4 ¾ Acetone 5.1
¾ Toluene 2.4 ¾ Methanol 5.1
¾ Chlorobenzene 2.7 ¾ Pyridine 5.3
¾ Benzene 2.7 ¾ Acetonitrile 5.8
¾ Diethyl ether 2.8 ¾ Acetic acid 6.0
¾ Dichloromethane 3.1 ¾ Nitromethane 6.0
¾ 1,2- dichloroethane 3.5 ¾ Aniline 6.3
¾ 2- propanol 3.9 ¾ Ethylene glycol 6.9
¾ Tetrahydrofuran 4.0 ¾ Dimethyl sulphoxide 7.2
¾ Chloroform 4.1 ¾ Water 10.2
ANCHROM
Reference to Front (Rf)
The position of
any fraction in Solvent front
TLC is Fraction
characterized by
a b
Rf. App. Position
Rf = a / b
Rf value can be
from 0 to 1.
ANCHROM
HPTLC COMPLETE
SYSTEM
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ANCHROM
SAMPLE APPLICATION CHROM. DEVELOPMENT
DEVICES DEVICES
HPTLC
SYSTEM
POST
SCANNER MANAGER CHROM.
DEVICES
S/W
winCATS
CREATE METHOD
winCATS
ANCHROM
STEP 2
SAMPLE
APPLICATION
ANCHROM
HPTLC SAMPLE APPLICATION
SPOT
NON – UNIFORM
VS
UNIFORM
BAND
9
DISTRIBUTION
BAND –
HIGHER Rf WIDTH
BIGGER ALMOST
DIAMETER SAME
HIGHER
SENS
BEAM/SPOT
ALIGN. ALIQUOT
SCAN
ANCHROM
LINOMAT 5
SAMPLE APPLICATION TECHNIQUE
ANCHROM
LINOMAT 5
4 – MODE APPLICATOR
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SAMPLE APPLICATION
SUMMARY
¾ BAND APPLICATION, NOT SPOTS
¾ ACCURATE POSITIONING
¾ ACCURATE VOLUMES
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STEP 3
CHROMATOGRAM
DEVELOPMENT
ANCHROM
CHROMATOGRAM
DEVELOPMENT
ALL PHASES ACTIVE
¾STATIONARY
¾MOBILE
AND
¾VAPOUR
ANCHROM
HPTLC
DEVELOPMENT CHAMBERS
¾ TWIN TROUGH CHAMBERS
¾ VARIO METHOD DEVELOPMENT
¾ HORIZONTAL DEVELOPMENT
¾ AUTOMATIC MULTIPLE
DEVELOPMENT ( GRADIENT )
¾ VERTICAL / HORIZONTAL
¾ SATURATION / SANDWICH
ANCHROM
TWIN TROUGH CHAMBERS
(4-15 ml)
CIBA PATENT
ANCHROM
VARIO CHAMBER
VARIO
CHROMATOGRAM
METHOD DEVELOPMENT
ANCHROM
AUTOMATIC
DEVELOPING CHAMBER
¾Automated
¾Reproducible
¾Humidity control
¾GLP
¾System manager control
ANCHROM
GRADIENT CHAMBER
ANCHROM
GRADIENT H P T L C
WHERE TO USE :
¾ HIGH RESOLUTION –
POLYMERS, ENVIRONMENT, N.P.
¾ SCREENING –
AZO DYES, N.P., BIOTECH
¾ CONSTANT Rf / COMPLEX MATRIX –
FORENSIC, DOPING
¾ TRACE ANALYSIS –
PESTICIDE ETC RESIDUES
¾ MULTIPOLAR SAMPLES –
LIPIDS, NATURAL PRODUCTS
¾ CLOSELY RELATED COMPOUNDS –
ISOMERS, ORG. SYNTHESIS
¾ UNIVERSAL GRADIENT – PILOT RUN ANCHROM
GRADIENT
¾ Up to 25 developments
¾ In same direction
¾ Polar Non- polar
¾ Each time front moves further
¾ Computer controlled
¾ All polarity covered
¾ Up to 40 components separated
ANCHROM
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
Normal universal gradient Universal gradient based on From these conclusions the gradient
based on dicloromethane, gas diisopropylether depicted below was defined. Three
phase basic isocratic dev. steps with methanol
were found to be necessary to ensure
that no substance remains stationary
at the line of sample application
where it could entrap analytes
b. PHOTO DOCUMENTATION
c. DERIVATISATION
ANCHROM
VISUALISATION
UV CABINET
ANCHROM
PHOTODOCUMENTATION
¾ CONVINCING DATA
¾ VISUAL CONFIRMATION
¾ 254 + 366 nm, UV, VISIBLE
¾ GLP
ANCHROM
POST – CHROMATOGRAM
DERIVATIZATION
FOR
¾ SPECIFICITY
¾ ULTRA HIGH SENSITIVITY
¾ ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
¾ VISUAL CONFIRMATION
(Rarely required if scanner available)
ANCHROM
DERIVATIZATION
TECHNIQUES
SPRAY
NOT UNIFORM
DIP
UNIFORM
9
UNCONTROLLED CONTROLLED
POLLUTION NO POLLUTION
MORE PRECISE
ANCHROM
DERIVATISATION
¾ PHOTODOCUMENTATION
¾ DERIVATIZATION
ANCHROM
STEP 5
QUANTITATIVE
EVALUATION
ANCHROM
HPTLC
QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION
SCAN
+
SPECTRUM
SCANNER 3
OPTIONS
MWL
SPECTRUM LIBRARY
TRACK OPTIMISATION
DUAL WAVELENGTH
TRANSMISSION
ANCHROM
SYSTEM MANAGER
32 BIT S/W
ANCHROM
SCANNER
¾ FULLY AUTOMATIC SCAN + SPECTRA
¾ ULTRA FAST SCAN & SPECTRUM
¾ BEAM / SAMPLE ALIGNMENT CHECK
¾ GLP
¾ UV – VIS – FLUOR. REFLECTANCE
¾ 190 – 800 NM RANGE
¾ SPOT CHECK
¾ LAMP USE TRACKED
ANCHROM
D2 ENTRANCE LENS SYSTEM
W MONOCHROMATOR GRATING
Hg
MIRROR
MIRROR
DISK WITH
SLIT
APERTURES
REFERENCE BEAM
PHOTO - SPLITTER
MULTIPLIER
MEASURING
SCANNER PHOTOMULTIPLIER
PHOTODIODE
(TRANSMISSION)
ANCHROM
Signal to Noise Ratio
(S/N)
Expression :
S/N = Es / (Ss2 + Sbk2 )1/2
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SCANNED DATA
(Quantification)
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CALIBRATION CURVE
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SPECTRA (IDENTIFY)
e.g. Food colour
std
sample
ANCHROM
SCANNER S/W OPTION
QUALIFICATION
¾ 17 MAIN TESTS & 200 SUB – TESTS; LAMP ALIGNMENT AUTO CORRECT
¾ MECHANICALS / OPTICS / ELECTRONICS TESTED; RECOM. – ONCE A YEAR
200 TESTS
ANCHROM
SCANNER S/W OPTION
MULTIWAVE SCAN
¾ 31 WAVELENGTHS
¾ λ MAX OF EACH FRACTION
¾ DATA STORED FOR EVALUATION
A
N
C
H
R
O
QUANTIFICATION / FINGERPRINT M
Dual Wavelength
ANCHROM
SCANNER S/W OPTION
SPECTRUM LIBRARY
¾ CREAT YOUR OWN LIBRARY
¾ SEARCH - λ MAX + RF
¾ LIBRARY OF SPECTRA ( CAMAG )
¾ LIBRARY OF SPECTRA ( ANCHROM )
IDENTIFICATION ANCHROM
SCANNER S/W OPTION
TRACK OPTIMISATION
¾ FOR SPOTS. NOT BANDS NON- GLP
¾ ALL FRACTIONS OF ALL SAMPLES OPTIMISED
¾ USE ONLY IF SAMPLE EXHAUSTED
ANCHROM
DENSITOMETRY
SUMMARY
¾ AUTO SCAN - QUANTIFICATION
¾ AUTO SPECTRA – IDENTIFICATION
¾ UV – VIS - FLUOR
¾ REFLECTANCE
¾ 2 SECS / SAMPLE !
ANCHROM
MICRO – PREPARATIVE
CHROMATOGRAPHY
¾ ISOLATION FOR IDENTIFICATION BY
OTHER TECHNIQUES
¾ 5 – 25 mg sample loading
ANCHROM
MICRO – PREPARATIVE CHROMATOGRAPHY
ANCHROM
HPTLC
MULTI LEVEL
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE
TLC ( CONVENTIONAL )
INSTRUMENTAL TLC
HPTLC
GRADIENT H P T L C
ANCHROM
HPTLC FINGERPRINT PROCEDURE
PREPARED SAMPLE
CHROMATOGRAPH
SCAN / PHOTODOC
FLUOR VISIBLE
ANCHROM
HERBAL
CHARACTERISATION
1 FINGERPRINT
2 QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
e.g. ANDROGRAPHIS
PANICULATA
ANCHROM
HERBAL ANALYSIS
FINGERPRINT
e.g. ANDROGRAPHIS P.
METHOD DEVELOPMENT
P. 1 - CHROM. METHOD DEVELOPMENT
P. 2 - MULTIWAVELENGTH SCAN (190–350 nm)
P. 3 - MULTIWAVELENGTH SCAN (190–270 nm)
FINGERPRINT
P. 4 - UV SPECTRUM OF - ALL PEAKS
P. 5 - MULTIWAVELENGTH SCAN
( 202, 229, 255 & 279 nm )
P. 6 - FLUORESCENCE SCAN (366 nm)
P. 7 - DIGITAL PHOTODOC.
( 254nm + 366nm & VISIBLE )
ANCHROM
CHROMATOGRAPHY
METHOD DEVELOPMENT
ANCHROM
MULTIWAVE SCAN AT 20 nm INTERVAL. WAVELENGTH
230 nm SEEMS TO GIVE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF PEAKS.
ANCHROM
SPECTRA OF MAJOR PEAKS DETECTED AT 230 nm. THE λ max OF
PEAKS ARE THE WAVELENGTH CHOSEN FOR ACTUAL MULTIWAVELENGTH
ANALYSIS e.g. PEAK AT Rf 0.16 HAS λ max OF 280 nm.
ANCHROM SO 280 nm IS TO BE CHOSEN AS ONE OF THE MWLs.
MULTIWAVE MEASUREMENT FOR ACTUAL ANALYSIS. BY
CHOOSING THE λ max OF EACH PEAK, IT IS ENSURED THAT ALL
IMPORTANT PEAKS ARE DETECTED AT THEIR BEST WAVELENGTH.
USUALLY BETWEEN 3 TO 5 WAVELENGTHS IS SUFFICIENT.
ANCHROM
FLUORESCENCE SCAN FOR FINGERPRINT.
GIVES UNIQUE INFORMATION.
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PHOTODOCUMENTATION
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QUANTITATIVE HERBAL
ANALYSIS
e.g. ANDROGRAPHOLIDE FROM
ANDROGRAPHIS P.
P. 1 - SCAN OF ALL TRACKS( 229 nm )
P. 2 - 3 - SPECTRUM MATCH OF
ANDROGRAPHOLIDE
STD. PEAK VS SAMPLE
P. 4 - 8 - ANALYSIS METHOD / REPORT
P. 9 - CALIBRATION CURVE
ANCHROM
IDENTITY
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Impurity Profiling
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Known Impurity Quantification
ANCHROM
TLC vs. HPTLC
DETECTION OF FALSE POSITIVE
Suspect
Image(366nm) ANCHROM
DRUGS FROM
BODY FLUIDS
Forensic drug screening
Morphine in urine
ANCHROM
BATCH TO BATCH CONSISTENCY
Polyherbal formulation
Batch Spectra
Image(254nm) Image(366nm)
ANCHROM
FERMENTATION
BROTH
ANCHROM
RESIDUE ANALYSIS
SAMPLE RDX K6
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Spectra
EXPLOSIVES
LIMIT TEST
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ASSAY
Cetrizine in sample Ambroxol in sample Spectra of cetrizine HCl std. & sample
ANCHROM
IMPURITY PROFILE OF
NORGESTREL IN FORMULATION
ANCHROM
DETECTION OF CORTICOSTEROIDS IN
FORMULATIONS
Image (254nm)
Spectra
ANCHROM
BANNED COLOURS IN
CHILLI POWDER
IMAGE (254nm)
IMAGE (Visible)
ANCHROM
IDENTIFICATION OF E-123, E-124, E-129 IN
CARBONATED DRINK
std
std
sample sample
Spectra of allura red & sample at Rf 0.45 Spectra of Ponceau 4R & sample at Rf 0.19 Spectra of amaranth std
ANCHROM
FORMALDEHYDE IN MILK
ANCHROM
SHODAN IN AYURVEDA
Before Derivatization After Derivatization
ANCHROM
GC - HPLC - HPTLC
GC HPLC HPTLC
ANCHROM
GC HPLC HPTLC
ANCHROM
HPTLC
QUALIFICATION
1. INSTALLATION
2. OPERATION
3. PERFORMANCE
ANCHROM
HPTLC
ELECTRONIC
SECURITY
21 CFR RULE 11
ANCHROM
Anchrom Lab Activities
¾ Analysis
¾ Training
¾ Customer support
¾ Installation
¾ New method for India
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ANCHROM TEAM
PHOTO
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THANK YOU ! !
HPTLC SPECIALISTS