POZAR chapter 6: RESONATORS exercise 6.16 _________ 29/06/2019 11:29:15.

EXERCISE 6.16
Click any to open the MATLAB script solving this exercise. Run script to read question and calculate solution.
On 1st run, the exercise is solved and the results are stored in .mat file. Parameters can be modified to solve
exercise variations. MATLAB student licences are cheap and there is a type that does not even require to be
registered in any university or college. All comments welcome.
To download and install MATLAB as well as review help on specific commands click any MATLAB icon:

Resonance happens when a signal finds either OC or SC at a multiple of /2.

This is not about a wireless radio wave hitting this ring and then finding out how much signal is reflected.

Although not shown, neither in [POZAR] nor in the solutions manual, but there has to be a signal source
somewhere 'connected' to the ring resonator, on one or 2 points of the ring. This resonators are used as
sensors and the generator coupling(s) is actually a narrow enough gap(s) that behave(s) as capacitor(s).

The solutions manual only supplies one half of the answer.

As [LNG] Lung-Hwa mentions in page 9 of his thesis, there's at least one literature error (referenced in
[LNG]), and [VIT] also points the same, that it's not only at 2*pi*R= Lring = n*  when a ring resonator
may resonate, but also at pi*R = Lring/2 = n* /2 depending upon 2 or 1 source points respectively.

Literature references for this QA

[LNG]
Analysis modelling and simulation of ring resonators and their applications to filters and oscillators, May 2004, thesis by Lung-Hwa Hsieh at Texas A&M
University, https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4268464.pdf copy supplied attached to this note.

[VIT]
Review of different ring resonator coupling methods, by A.Vitas Athens University.
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/73ac/e049d10f989adc72b0b158c0e0a17e1a7618.pdf

[BOG]
Planar Microstrip Ring Resonators for Microwave-Based Gas Sensing: Design Aspects and Initial Transducers for Humidity and Ammonia Sensing.
September 2017, by Bogner et al. IEEE Sensors

single feed point, from [LNG] 2 feed points, from [BOG] and [LNG]

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _
John Bofarull Guix jgb2012@sky.com 1/7
POZAR chapter 6: RESONATORS exercise 6.16 _________ 29/06/2019 11:29:15.

I have modified example 4.b from [ED]. [ED] authors split scripts into many different small modules. If one needs the original scripts, the authors of
reference [ED] send by email to purchasers of their book the entire collection of MATLAB scripts. This note is accompanied by 2 ZIP folders, one with a
basic working simulation of a single feed ring resonator: pozar_06_exercise_16_ED_sim.zip and pozar_06_exercise_16_support_docs.zip .

To play, modify as you wish, and/or improve the simulation, put all files from 1st .zip into same folder and run fdtd_solve.m

pozar_06_ex_16_DE_simulation.zip

pozar_06_ex_16_DE_simulation.zip pozar_06_exercise_16_support_docs.zip

microscrip TL loaded with resistor.fig BOG ring resonator sensor for NH3 detection - Bogner Steiner.pdf
V_source vs V_sample.fig LNG Hsieh thesis on ring resonators - TX Uni.pdf
capture_sampled_currents.m pozar_06_exercise_16.pdf
capture_sampled_electric_fields.m pozar_06_exercise_16_question.jpg
capture_sampled_magnetic_fields.m VIT ring resonators review - A Vitas et al.pdf
capture_sampled_voltages.m
create_linear_index_list.m
create_PEC_plates.m
define_geometry.m
define_output_parameters.m
define_problem_space_parameters.m
define_sources_and_lumped_elements.m
display_3D_geometry.m
display_animation.m
display_material_mesh.m
display_material_mesh_gui.m
display_objects_mesh_in_animation.m
display_problem_space.m
display_sampled_parameters.m
display_transient_parameters.m
fdtd_solve.m
initialize_animation_parameters.m
initialize_boundary_conditions.m
initialize_capacitor_updating_coefficients.m
initialize_current_source_updating_coefficients.m
initialize_diode_updating_coefficients.m I know, it's just an insignificant ring resonator, so why so many .m files?
initialize_display_parameters.m First, the 'so many' is relative to 'as many' as required, whatever it takes, to
initialize_fdtd_material_grid.m solve the problem.
calculate_material_component_values.m
initialize_inductor_updating_coefficients.m Also [ED] has a template that, step by step, it's revealed along their book.
initialize_output_parameters.m Yet they started their MATLAB list of scripts with a jamming 1D example, so
initialize_resistor_updating_coefficients.m slow that probably half readers were at that early reading point put off, for
initialize_sources_and_lumped_elements.m ever, to tough again [ED] book or even learn MATLAB, both mistakes
initialize_updating_coefficients.m because [ED] is a really good book and MATLAB is increasingly taking over
initialize_voltage_source_updating_coefficients.m tools at solving problems where some years ago it was only one of many
initialize_waveforms.m ancillary post processing data 'shovel'. Many of the .m files are really small,
Vsource_vs_Vsample_single_graph.m one only contains a call to another support file.
main_define_output_parameters.m
calculate_domain_size.m
object_drawing_functions.m
plot_e_xy.m
plot_e_yz.m
plot_e_zx.m
plot_h_xy.m
plot_h_yz.m
plot_h_zx.m
post_process_and_display_results.m
run_fdtd_time_marching_loop.m
set_color_axis_scaling.m
solve_diode_equation.m
update_current_sources.m
update_diodes.m
update_electric_fields.m
update_inductors.m
update_magnetic_fields.m
update_voltage_sources.m
initialize_fdtd_parameters_and_arrays.m

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John Bofarull Guix jgb2012@sky.com 2/7
POZAR chapter 6: RESONATORS exercise 6.16 _________ 29/06/2019 11:29:15.

where Hsieh [LNG] writes mode 1, it should be mode 2

for 1 port, mode 1 for 2 ports

mode 1 for 1 port would look like this

I have modified [ED] Transmission Line + Resistor example 4.a .

In define_geometry.m one can build a ring. For instance, the following code lines:

% dimension basic block

Lx=20e-3
Ly=2e-3
Lz = 4e-3 % substrate thickness

%%% signal
% define PEC plate 1 : signal : v1 [0 0] -> v2 [20 0]
bricks(1).min_x = 0; bricks(1).min_y = 0; bricks(1).min_z = Lz;
bricks(1).max_x = Lx; bricks(1).max_y = Ly; bricks(1).max_z = Lz;
bricks(1).material_type = 2;

% define PEC plate 2 : signal : v2 [20 0] -> v3 [20 20]

bricks(2).min_x = Lx-Ly; bricks(2).min_y = 0; bricks(2).min_z = Lz;
bricks(2).max_x = Lx; bricks(2).max_y = Lx; bricks(2).max_z = Lz;
bricks(2).material_type = 2;

% define PEC plate 3 : signal : v3 [20 20] -> v4 [0 20]

bricks(3).min_x = 0; bricks(3).min_y = Lx-Ly; bricks(3).min_z = Lz;
bricks(3).max_x = Lx; bricks(3).max_y = Lx; bricks(3).max_z = Lz;
bricks(3).material_type = 2;

% define PEC plate 4 : signal : v4 [0 20] back to vv1 [0 0]

bricks(4).min_x = 0; bricks(4).min_y = 0; bricks(4).min_z = Lz;
bricks(4).max_x = Ly; bricks(4).max_y = Lx; bricks(4).max_z = Lz;
bricks(4).material_type = 2;

%%%%%%
% ground

% define PEC plate 1 : ground : v1 [0 0] -> v2 [20 0]

bricks(5).min_x = 0; bricks(5).min_y = 0; bricks(5).min_z = 0;
bricks(5).max_x = Lx; bricks(5).max_y = Ly; bricks(5).max_z = 0;
bricks(5).material_type = 2;

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John Bofarull Guix jgb2012@sky.com 3/7
POZAR chapter 6: RESONATORS exercise 6.16 _________ 29/06/2019 11:29:15.

% define PEC plate 2 : ground : v2 [20 0] -> v3 [20 20]

bricks(6).min_x = Lx-Ly; bricks(6).min_y = 0; bricks(6).min_z = 0;
bricks(6).max_x = Lx; bricks(6).max_y = Lx; bricks(6).max_z = 0;
bricks(6).material_type = 2;

% % define PEC plate 3 : ground : v3 [20 20] -> v4 [0 20]

bricks(7).min_x = 0; bricks(7).min_y = Lx-Ly; bricks(7).min_z = 0;
bricks(7).max_x = Lx; bricks(7).max_y = Lx; bricks(7).max_z = 0;
bricks(7).material_type = 2;

% define PEC plate 4 : ground : v4 [0 20] back to vv1 [0 0]

bricks(8).min_x = 0; bricks(8).min_y = 0; bricks(8).min_z = 0;
bricks(8).max_x = Ly; bricks(8).max_y = Lx; bricks(8).max_z = 0;
bricks(8).material_type = 2;

define this structure :

Now add a 2nd probe, in define_output_parameters.m

% PROBE 1
% define sampled voltages

sampled_voltages(1).min_x = 5.0e-3; sampled_voltages(1).min_y = 0; sampled_voltages(1).min_z = 0;

sampled_voltages(1).max_x = 5.0e-3; sampled_voltages(1).max_y = 2.0e-3; sampled_voltages(1).max_z = 4.0e-3;
sampled_voltages(1).direction = 'zp';
sampled_voltages(1).display_plot = true;

% define sampled currents

sampled_currents(1).min_x = 5.0e-3; sampled_currents(1).min_y = 0; sampled_currents(1).min_z = 4.0e-3;

sampled_currents(1).max_x = 5.0e-3; sampled_currents(1).max_y = 2.0e-3; sampled_currents(1).max_z = 4.0e-3;
sampled_currents(1).direction = 'xp';
sampled_currents(1).display_plot = true;

% PROBE 2
% define sampled voltages

sampled_voltages(2).min_x = Lx-Ly; sampled_voltages(2).min_y = Lx-Ly; sampled_voltages(2).min_z = 0;

sampled_voltages(2).max_x = Lx; sampled_voltages(2).max_y = Lx-Ly; sampled_voltages(2).max_z = Lz;
sampled_voltages(2).direction = 'zp';
sampled_voltages(2).display_plot = true;

% define sampled currents

sampled_currents(2).min_x = Lx-Ly; sampled_currents(2).min_y = Lx-Ly; sampled_currents(2).min_z = Lz;

sampled_currents(2).max_x = Lx; sampled_currents(2).max_y = Lx-Ly; sampled_currents(2).max_z = Lz;
sampled_currents(2).direction = 'xp';
sampled_currents(2).display_plot = true;

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John Bofarull Guix jgb2012@sky.com 4/7
POZAR chapter 6: RESONATORS exercise 6.16 _________ 29/06/2019 11:29:15.

Add another figure to overlap input output measurements that [ED] keeps
showing, continuous dashed lines for input output, but no code supplied to
that effect. I postprocess_display_results.m add something like this:
v1=voltage_sources(1).waveform(1:time_step);
figure; plot(time(1:time_step)*1e9,v1,'b-','linewidth',1.5);grid on
title('V in out');xlabel('t[ns]')
hold all
v2=sampled_voltages(1).sampled_value;
plot(time(1:time_step)*1e9,v2,'r--','linewidth',1.5)

% display probe 2 voltage measurement

figure; plot(time(1:time_step)*1e9,v1,'b-','linewidth',1.5);grid on
title('V in out');xlabel('t[ns]')
hold all
v2=sampled_voltages(2).sampled_value;
plot(time(1:time_step)*1e9,v2,'r--','linewidth',1.5)

Don't worry about the resistor, it's set to very high impedance. In % resistors
define_sources_and_lumped_elements.m % direction: 'x', 'y', or 'z'
% resistance : ohms, magitude : volts
resistors(1).min_x = 7.0e-3;
resistors(1).min_y = 0;
resistors(1).min_z = 0;
resistors(1).max_x = 8.0e-3;
resistors(1).max_y = 2.0e-3;
resistors(1).max_z = 4.0e-3;
resistors(1).direction = 'z';
resistors(1).resistance = 5000000;

Change frequency also in define_sources_and_lumped_elements.m waveforms.sinusoidal(1).frequency =

line waveforms.sinusoidal(2).frequency =

at ½ GHz at 3GHz

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John Bofarull Guix jgb2012@sky.com 5/7
POZAR chapter 6: RESONATORS exercise 6.16 _________ 29/06/2019 11:29:15.

3GHz is close to the double feed 1st mode resonating

frequency of ring with length Lring=4*Lx with Lx=.02

At f0= c0/(4*Lx) with 2 feeds (although there's only one)

the probes show the following

waveforms.sinusoidal(2).frequency = c0/(4*Lx);
waveforms.sinusoidal(1).frequency = c0/(4*Lx);

and at, as [LNG] well spotted, half ring length is resonant wavelength for single feed,

waveforms.sinusoidal(2).frequency = c0/(2*4*Lx);
waveforms. sinusoidal(1).frequency = c0/(2*4*Lx);

as expected a peak of amplitude on the furthest far away point of the ring from the feed,
as Lung shows

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John Bofarull Guix jgb2012@sky.com 6/7
POZAR chapter 6: RESONATORS exercise 6.16 _________ 29/06/2019 11:29:15.

[ED] chapter 4 explains how to perform frequency sweeps with similar example to the one here modified.

Where is the whole collection of exercises?

This exercise is part of the collection of exercises Microwave Engineering POZAR 4th ed solved with MATLAB available in this website:
https://jgb2012.wixsite.com/microwave-eng-matlab

How can one get the main literature reference?

For instance from:

https://www.amazon.co.uk/Microwave-Engineering-David-M-Pozar/dp/0470631554

What about the solutions manual?

It's freely available https://www.scribd.com/doc/176505749/Microwave-engineering-pozar-4th-Ed-solutions-manual

For educational purposes only: https://www.copyrightuser.org/understand/exceptions/education/

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John Bofarull Guix jgb2012@sky.com 7/7