Construction Safety

Management

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Naveed Ramzan

Introduction
• (30-45 sec)

• Your name:
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 Introduction

Prof. Dr. –Ing. Naveed Ramzan

(Chairman Chemical Engineering Deptt. UET Lahore
• Campus Coordinator UET Faisalabad Campus (2013-2016)
• Convener Procurement Cell UET Lahore
• PhD in Process System Engineering Modeling (BTU Germany)
• NEBOSH IGC UK, IOSH Approved Tutor
• OHSAS 18001:2007 Lead Auditor (IRCA UK)
• Train the Trainer series (IADT HABC level 3 UK)
• Resource Person CPD Training for PEC
• Resource Person PDC, UET Lahore
• Resource Person SBS
• Visiting Faculty PIRT (Superior University)
• Research Publications 101
IF >50 Total Citation >725 H-Index = 14 i10 Index= 17
MSc Thesis Supervised >75 PhD = 7
• Book Contributions 4 Book Author 4 Patent 1
• Professional Trainings Conducted > 150
What are your course expectations?
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Course Outline
❖Health and Safety Foundations
❖OH& S Management System(Policy, Organization,
Planning and Implementation, Performance Monitoring
& Audit)
❖ Risk Assessment & Principles of Control
❖General Site Issues: Hazard and Control,
❖ Working at Height, Excavations and Confined Spaces
❖Demolition, Movement of People and Vehicles,
Manual and Mechanical Handling, Work Equipment ,
Electrical, Fire Hazards and Control, Chemical and
Biological Hazards, Physical and Psychological Hazards,
❖Incidents and Accidents Investigation
Health and Safety Foundations

© TWI Gulf WLL 2008

 The International Labour Organisation
Is built on the constitutional principle that universal and lasting
peace can only be established if it is based upon social justice.

Conventions, e.g. C187: Promotional framework for

Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 2006

Recommendations, e.g. R197: Promotional framework for

Occupational Safety and Health Recommendation, 2006.
 The International Organisation for Standards
(ISO)

ISO 9001:2008 – Quality Management Systems

ISO 14001:2004 – Environmental Management

Systems
There are other ..

Labour Standards

Product Standards

International Standards
 Health and Safety
The term Health and Safety is generally used to
mean an employer should:

• Promote and maintain the mental, physical

and social well-being of employees

• Protect employees and others affected by an

organisation’s activities to harm from risk

• Establish a management framework to

implement policies and achieve continual
improvement in health and safety
 What is Health and Safety

Health: The protection of the bodies

and minds of people from illness
resulting from the materials, processes
or procedures used in the workplace
Safety: The protection of people from
physical injury
NEBOSH

The differences between

Safety and Health
The dictionary defines the words health and safety as follows:

Health - the condition of body or mind

Safety - not being exposed to danger or risks

In industry, Health and Safety means preventing accidents and work related ill health.
NEBOSH

The differences between

Safety and Health
Safety Health
Slips, trips, falls Exposure to
Falls from height hazardous chemicals
Struck by vehicles Exposure to
asbestos, dusts, etc.
Contact with electricity
Contact with moving Repetitive strain
parts injuries
NEBOSH

Worldwide Accidents

ILO Worldwide estimate on workplace

accidents per year:
Total – 125,000,000
Fatal Safety - 334,870
Fatal Health - 992,445
NEBOSH
Definitions used in
Health and Safety
Welfare
Looking after people’s basic needs

Environment
The surroundings in which an organisation
operates including land, air and water,
natural resources, flora, fauna, humans and
their interrelationships
NEBOSH

Accident Definitions
An Accident
An unwanted, unforeseen, unplanned event which
results in a loss of some kind.

Near Miss (Incident)

An unwanted, unforeseen, unplanned event that had
the potential to result in a loss

Dangerous Occurrence (High Potential Near Miss)

A near miss with serious injury potential
NEBOSH

Ill-health Definitions
Work related ill health is:

"Any illness, disability or other physical problem which

affects a person and is caused by their working conditions”

Work related ill health may be temporary or permanent

Acute
Short term exposure with immediate
effect, usually reversible

Chronic
Repeated or long term exposure,
often irreversible
NEBOSH

Hazard
Something with the potential to cause
harm
Physical
Chemical
Biological
Ergonomic
Psychological
NEBOSH

Risk
The likelihood that harm will occur and
the severity of the harm
The extent of risks
cover the
population
affected and the
consequences for
them
NEBOSH

Reasons for
Good Health & Safety Practice
Humanitarian/Moral
Ethical and responsible behaviour

Legal
Criminal and civil
liability
Cost
The costs of injuries and ill-
health
NEBOSH

Costs of Accidents at Work

Iceberg Model of Accident Costs:

… Visible Costs
Liability insurance

Invisible Costs
$16-75
NEBOSH

Hidden Costs of Accidents

Direct Costs of Insured Loss

Accidents

Hidden Costs of Uninsured

Accidents 37% Loss = 8 to 36
profits 5% op. costs times greater
than insured
loss
NEBOSH

Hidden Costs of Accidents

Accident investigation Loss of reputation
Payments to injured Damage repair
person
Replacement plant
Payments non
productive time Compensation
Replacement labour Legal fees
Training Insurance
Business interruption
NEBOSH

Benefits of Good Health and

Safety Practice
1) Increased levels of compliance
2) Improved production
3) Improved staff morale
4) Improved company reputation
5) Reduced accidents
6) Reduced ill health
7) Reduced damage to equipment
8) Reduced staff complaints
9) Reduced staff turnover
10) Reduced insurance premiums
11) Reduced fines and compensation claims
NEBOSH

Health and Safety Law

Law

A rule of human
conduct imposed
upon and enforced
NEBOSH

EVERY EMPLOYER MUST

ENSURE…….
• THE HEALTH, SAFETY & WELFARE AT
WORK OF ALL HIS EMPLOYEES
NEBOSH

Purposes of Law

Control of anti social behaviour

Regulate relationships
Resolution of conflict
Setting standards of behaviour
NEBOSH

Frameworks for Regulating Health

and Safety

1. Prescriptive
2. Goal Setting

The European (Goal setting)

The American (Prescriptive)
The International Labour Organisation
NEBOSH Enforcement of Health & Safety
Informal:
Verbal and Written Advise

Formal:
• Issuing legal mandates to comply with
the law and put right the breach
• Issuing legal mandates to stop
dangerous activities immediately
• Prosecution with the intent of
punishing the company or individual
which can lead to fines and/or
imprisonment
• Issuing a caution (warning), that can
be used in evidence at a later date,
often for minor repeat offences © TWI Gulf WLL 2008
NEBOSH
Implementation of Legislation
• Differences in legislative systems
• Different powers granted to the Enforcing
Authority
• Funding, number and authority of Enforcing
Authority
• The ability and knowledge of Enforcing
Authorities
• Different penalties for breaches
• Religious beliefs and cultural issues
• Level of reporting to Enforcing Authorities
• Public reaction and interest
• Political pressure © TWI Gulf WLL 2008
NEBOSH

Sources of Information
External
• Government organisations e.g. Enforcing
Authorities
• National safety organisations /
Professional Institutions
• Various Standards Organisation such as
ISO and British Standards Institute (BSI)
• Suppliers and manufacturers
• Consultants and specialists
• Insurance Companies and workers unions
NEBOSH

Sources of Information
Internal

• Risk assessments
• Inspection reports
• Accident/incident records
• Medical reports
• Safety representatives
• Safety committee reports
• Company safety policy
• Maintenance reports
NEBOSH

Safety Management Systems

HSEG 65, 2003: ‘Successful Health and
Safety Management Systems’. (HSE)

ILO-OSH, 2001: Guidelines on

Occupational Safety and Health
Management Systems. (ILO)

OHSAS 18001, 2007: Occupational Health

and Safety Management Systems (BSI)
© TWI Gulf WLL 2008
NEBOSH

HSG65 Safety Management Systems

Policy P
O
Organisation P

Auditing Planning and

implementing
Measuring M
performance R

Reviewing A
performance
© TWI Gulf WLL 2008
NEBOSH

ILO-OSH, 2001 (ILO)

Continual
improveme
nt Policy
Policy
Organising
Action for Organising
improvement
Planning and
Audit
Implementation

Evaluation Planning &

Evaluation
implementation
Action for
Continual improvement
improvement
© TWI Gulf WLL 2008
NEBOSH

OHSAS 18001, 2007 (BSI)

• OH&S Policy
• Planning
• Implementation and operation
• Checking and corrective action
• Management review
NEBOSH

Safety Management Systems

Plan
ISO 9001 P
Do D
Step 1 Step 2
ISO 14001 Establish standards
for health & safety
Implement plans
to achieve
management based
on risk assessment objectives and
and legal standards
Plan requirements

Do Step 4 Step 3
Review against Measure progress
Check objectives and
standards and take
with plans and
compliance with
Act
Act appropriate action standards

A C
Chec
k
© TWI Gulf WLL 2008
NEBOSH

ELEMENT 2

Setting Policy for Health and Safety

NEBOSH

HSG65 Safety Management Systems

Policy P
O
Organisation P

Auditing Planning and

implementing
Measuring M
performance R

Reviewing A
performance
© TWI Gulf WLL 2008
NEBOSH

Purpose of Safety Policy

1. Management Commitment to Safety

2. Organisation and Arrangements for
controlling work related hazards
3. Protect people from injury and ill-health
4. Comply with legal requirements
5. Manage health and safety on a cost
effective basis

© TWI Gulf WLL 2008

NEBOSH

Safety Policy
1) General Statement
Declaration of intent
What
2) The Organisation
Responsibilities
Who
3) Arrangements
Procedures
How
© TWI Gulf WLL 2008
NEBOSH

Statement of Intent
Demonstrates Management’s commitment to
health and safety and sets goals and objectives

• Signed by most senior person in organisation

because:

• Shows management commitment

• Gives policy authority

• Person who signs it has ultimate

responsibility
NEBOSH

Organisation
To identify health and safety responsibilities and
reporting lines within the company
Directors and Senior Managers – setting policy and
objectives
Line Managers – Implementing policy in their department
Supervisors – Checking compliance with the policy
Safety Advisors – Advising company on accident and safety
compliance
Employees – Responsibility for own and others safety
Fire Marshals – Ensure evacuation of building and roll calls
First Aiders – to provide first aid © TWI Gulf WLL 2008
NEBOSH
Arrangements
Set out in detail the specific systems and
procedures for implementing the safety policy
• Risk Assessments
• COSHH Assessments
• Emergency Arrangements e.g. Fire, First Aid,
• Written Procedures, e.g. SSOW, Permits
• Training Programmes, e.g. Manual Handling, DSE,
Fork Lift Trucks
• Maintenance Information
• Information/Consultation
• Personal Protective Equipment
NEBOSH

Safety Policy – Review/Revision

a) Accidents / Incidents
b) Changes in Organisation
c) Processes
d) Materials
e) Premises
f) Legislation
g) Work Patterns
h) Risk Assessments
i) Following Accident Investigation
j) Enforcement Action
k) Policy Review
l) Professional Advise
NEBOSH

Communicating the Policy

Employers must bring the policy to
Employees attention. This can be done by:
•Displaying it on notice boards
•Introducing it on induction and training session
•Considering it on team briefings and tool box talks
•Using newsletters
•Inserts in wage slips
•Posters
•Build into safe systems and codes of practice
•Managers to discuss with workforce
NEBOSH
Objectives and Targets
Objectives: General goals
Targets: Specific performance
requirements

Importance to an organisation of setting

targets:

Gives evidence on Management

commitment and motivates staff by giving
them something to aim for
NEBOSH
Targets in Health and Safety

• Reduce/Zero Accidents
• Zero Prosecutions
• Reduced sickness absence
• Reduction in compensation claims
• Improve reporting of minor accidents
• Improve reporting of near misses
• Increase numbers trained in health
and safety
• Improve audit scores
NEBOSH

Smart Goal Setting

Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Realistic
Timescale
Objectives
Objectives
Example 1: Objectives
POLICY To minimise injuries and illnesses to
employees

OBJECTIVE ToS.M.A.R.T
reduce theobjectives?
Loss Time to Accident (LTA)
rate
S by half
rateover the next
reduction two fiscal years
of 50%
(organisational level)
Reduce back injuries by 20%

TARGET ToM Can

reduce theuse 97 rateof
number and compare
back to 98
injuries in
Shipping & Receiving Dept. by 20% for year
A (departmental
1999
Within reason
level)
R Organisation, S&R department

T 2 years, 1 year measurement

Objectives
Objectives
Example 2: Objectives
POLICY To minimise injuries and illnesses to
employees

OBJECTIVE Increase PPE compliance level from current

78% to 90% by end of year

TARGET Production 7th floor to use new hardhat

selected by employee development team by
1st April
NEBOSH
Ineffective
Health & Safety Policies
• No commitment or leadership
• No annual objectives
• Health and Safety not given enough
priority
• Insufficient resources provided
• Personnel do not understand aims
• Too much emphasis on employee
responsibility
• No measure of performance
• Management unaware of their role
• No training of management in their
responsibilities
 Basics
Policy must... ... include continual
improvement

...be appropriate Commitment to prevention of

injuries & ill health
Policy
Top
Management
Commitment to
& Objectives for
...commit to
...be reviewed legal,
improve
compliance
...be
documented,
implemented &
...be available maintained
...be communicated