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Identifiers
Symbols [2]
NGFB ; Beta-NGF; HSAN5; MGC161426; MGC161428; NGF
[7]
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Nerve growth factor (NGF), is a small secreted protein which is important for the growth, maintenance, and
survival of certain target neurons (nerve cells). It also functions as a signaling molecule.[22] [23] It is perhaps the
prototypical growth factor, in that it is one of the first to be described. While "nerve growth factor" refers to a single
Nerve growth factor 2
factor,[24] "nerve growth factors" refers to a family of factors also known as neurotrophins.[25] Other members of the
neurotrophin family that are well recognized include Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), Neurotrophin-3
(NT-3), and Neurotrophin 4/5 (NT-4/5).
History
Stanley Cohen and Rita Levi-Montalcini discovered NGF in the 1950s while faculty members at Washington
University in St Louis. However, its discovery, along with the discovery of other neurotrophins, was not widely
recognized until 1986, when it won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.[30] [31] [32]
Studies in 1971 determined the primary structure of NGF. This eventually led to the discovery of the NGF gene.
Medical significance
NGF has the potential to help treat several diseases of the nervous system. It has shown this through numerous
clinical trials. It has been shown to reduce neural degeneration.[33] It has also been shown to promote peripheral
nerve regeneration in rats.[34]
There is strong evidence demonstrating the role of NGF as an inflammatory.[35] This may one day be used for the
treatment of Multiple Sclerosis.[36] Also, it could possibly promote myelin repair.[37]
Also, NGF has been shown to play a role in number cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary atherosclerosis,
obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.[38] Reduced plasma levels of NGF and BDNF have been
associated with acute coronary syndromes and metabolic syndromes.[39] [40] NGF could also be related to various
psychiatric disorders, such as dementia, depression, schizophrenia, autism, Rett syndrome, anorexia nervosa, and
bulimia nervosa.[41] NGF has also been shown to accelerate wound healing. There is evidence that it could be useful
in the treatment of skin and cornea ulcers. [42]
NGF is known to have insulinotropic, angiogenic, and antioxidant properties. NGF suppresses food intake.
It has also been tied to Alzheimer's disease.[43] [44] [45]
Cultural significance
In 2005, Enzo Emanuele and coworkers at University of Pavia found that nerve growth factor (NGF) has high levels
when people first fall in love, but these levels return to as they were after one year. Specifically, four neurotrophin
levels, i.e. NGF, BDNF, NT-3, and NT-4, of 58 subjects who had recently fallen in love were compared with levels
in a control group who were either single or already engaged in a long-term relationship. The results showed that
NGF levels were significantly higher in the subjects in love than as compared to either of the control groups.[46] [47]
[48]
Nerve growth factor 3
Pietro Calissano has suggested that nerve growth factor may contribute to increased longevity and mental
capacity.[49] Centenarian Rita Levi-Montalcini has been taking a daily solution in the form of eye drops, and has
stated that her brain is more active now than it was four decades ago.
Interactions
Nerve growth factor has been shown to interact with TrkA[50] [51] [52]
and Low affinity nerve growth factor
receptor.[50] [51]
See also
• Protein targeting
• Nervous System
• VGF Nerve Growth Factor-inducible, a protein whose expression is induced by NGF.
• neurotrophin
• growth factor
• brain-derived neurotrophic factor
• neurotrophin-3
• neurotrophin-4
• nerve growth factor receptor
• Hericium erinaceus an edible mushroom that's been shown to boost NGF
• Huperzine A an herb-derived alkaloid that seems to boost NGF
References
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pp. 72–173, 600–606. ISBN 0-87893-725-0.
[24] MeSH Nerve+Growth+Factor (http:/ / www. nlm. nih. gov/ cgi/ mesh/ 2009/ MB_cgi?mode=& term=Nerve+ Growth+ Factor)
[25] MeSH Nerve+Growth+Factors (http:/ / www. nlm. nih. gov/ cgi/ mesh/ 2009/ MB_cgi?mode=& term=Nerve+ Growth+ Factors)
[26] Freeman RS, Burch RL, Crowder RJ, Lomb DJ, Schoell MC, Straub JA, Xie L (2004). "NGF deprivation-induced gene expression: after ten
years, where do we stand?". Prog. Brain Res. 146: 111–26. doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(03)46008-1. PMID 14699960.
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[31] Presentation Speech by Professor Kerstin Hall The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1986 (http:/ / nobelprize. org/ medicine/
laureates/ 1986/ presentation-speech. html)
[32] Rita Levi-Montalcini – Nobel Lecture (http:/ / nobelprize. org/ medicine/ laureates/ 1986/ levi-montalcini-lecture. html)
[33] Tuszynski M., Blesch A. (2004). Nerve growth factor: from animal models of cholinergic neuronal degeneration to gene therapy in
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Nerve growth factor 5
External links
• MeSH Nerve+Growth+Factor (http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2009/MB_cgi?mode=&term=Nerve+
Growth+Factor)
• , NGF for corneal therapeutic purposes (http://keratos.free.fr/english/nervegrowthfactor.htm),
Article Sources and Contributors 6
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