TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study ..........................................................................1

B. Identification of Problems ........................................................................5
C. Scope and Limitation ................................................................................6
D. The Formulation of Problem.....................................................................6
E. The Objectives of the Study......................................................................6
F. The Significant of the Study ....................................................................7

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE

A. Theoretical Framework ................................................................................8

1. Description of Teaching and Learning...........................................................9

2. Description Speaking.....................................................................................10

3. Basic Types of Speaking................................................................................11

4. Type Speaking................................................................................................12

5. Aspects of Speaking Skills ...........................................................................13

5.1 Fluency ....................................................................................................14

5.2 Accuracy..................................................................................................15

B. Conceptual Framework.................................................................................16
6. Definition Report Text...................................................................................17

7.The Generic Structure of Report Text……………………………………….18

8.Hypothesis……………………………………………………………………19

CHAPTER III RESEARCH OF METHODOLGY

A. Location of the Research .............................................................................20

B. Population and Sample ............................................................................... 21

C. Research Design ...........................................................................................22

D. Technique of Collecting Data........................................................................23

E. Technique of Data Analysis...........................................................................24

REFERENCES

CHAPTER I
 INTRODUCTION

A. Background of Study

Language has important role in intellectual, emotional, and social life time of

human Life. People use language to communicate and social with each other’s as

stated by Hornby ( 2000:752) ; “ language used by humans of a system of sounds

and words to Communicate “. Language has important position in the world

,especially English as An international language . the importance of learning

english is that learners can Learn communicate with people from other countries

because english has become an International language

English as an international language is spoken in most international events and is

Used as the medium of information flow on science, technology and culture. As

we Understand that learning a foreign language is more difficult than learning a

national Language or learning a mother tongue. It is because the foreign language

has Completely different aspects and systems, which should be understood by the

Students or the learners, such as pronunciation, spelling, and the cultural

background Of the language. As foreign language, it makes English difficult in

learning.

In learning English, there are four skills that should be mastered by the students

,i.e Listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Speaking and writing are

categorized as Productive skills, while reading and listening are as receptive skills.

Each of these Skills has different way in mastering and expressing. Productive

skills which include Speaking and writing are two important components of
communication process. Speaking requires a greater degree of language overtime,

while writing requires a Greater degree of accuracy and has been considered one

of the most difficult skills For learners to master.

The effectiveness of learning is learning allows students to be able to learn easily,

Pleasantly, and can achieve learning goals as expected by a teacher. Learning that

Often occurs in the classroom is still dominated by teachers, so learning that is

done In the classroom is less effective, achieving learning effectiveness requires

an Appropriate learning strategy according to student conditions.

The condition of students in the learning process holds important things in

achieving Optimal results so a strategy that is appropriate to the conditions of the

students is Needed so that the goals of learning can be achieved properly. At

present there are Still many teachers who use conventional methods or lecture

methods, students only As listeners loyal and unable to be active in the learning

process, this is supported by A statement from Wina Senjana (in Tjipto Subadi,

2013) which states the learning Strategy is a learning activity that must be done by

teachers and students so that Learning objectives can be achieved effectively and

efficiently .

News item is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The events are

Considered newsworthy or important. It means if there is an important event that

Should be known by many people, then this event deserves news. Well, the news

text Is called the news item text. However, if there are events that people do not

deserve, Then they are not definitely worth to be new.

News item text genre used in mass media, printed, or electronic, like

newspaper ,Magazine ,tabloid ,television ,and radio. But ,today mass media aren’t

only those “traditional” forms. Mass media denotes a section of the media

Specifically designed to reach a large audience .the term was coined in the 1920s

with The advent of nationwide radio networks ,mass –circulation newspapers and

Magazines. However ,some forms of mass media such as books and manuscripts

had Already been in use for centuries.

What is a news item text ? a news item text is a text which is grouped into the text

Genre of narration. The main function of narration is telling stories or informing

About events in chronological order . the order in the narration can be based of

time , Place and the events themselves. referring to the high school graduate

standard, news Item text should be completely studied in the first class with report

text .

The study regarding the improvement of speaking ability ,the students perspective

is Very much important because the modern age is the age of media ,propaganda

and Mass communication. Every person desirous to reap the full benefits of

modern Education, library use ,research knowledge, science, commerce and trade

etc how Should have a sound knowledge of English language and good

communication .

Based on Competence Based Curriculum speaking is one of the four basic

competences that the students should gain well. It has an important role in

communication. Speaking can find in spoken cycle especially in Joint

Construction of Text stage (Departmen Pendidikan Nasional, 2004). In carrying

out speaking, students face some difficulties one of them is about language its

self. In fact, most of students get difficulties to speak even though they have a lot

of vocabularies and have written them well. The problems are afraid for students

to make mistakes.

Speaking is the productive skill. It could not be separated from listening. When

we speak we produce the text and it should be meaningful. In the nature of

communication, we can find the speaker, the listener, the message and the

feedback. Speaking could not be separated from pronunciation as it encourages

learners to learn the English sounds.

the term report text is often also known as informational report. The Report, in

Concise Oxford Dictionary 10th Edition, is defined as 1) an account given of a

matter after investigation or consideration. 2) a piece of information about an

event or situation. It can be concluded, in term of language, the report text is a text

that function to provide information about an event or situation, after the holding

of the investigation and through various considerations.

Voice of America (VOA) is the largest U.S. international broadcaster, providing

news and information in more than 40 languages to an estimated weekly audience

of more than 275 million people. VOA produces content for digital, television,

and radio platforms. It is easily accessed via your mobile phone and on social

media. It is also distributed by satellite, cable, FM and MW, and is carried on a

network of approximately 2,200 affiliate stations.

Since its creation in 1942, Voice of America has been committed to providing

comprehensive coverage of the news and telling audiences the truth. Through

World War II, the Cold War, the fight against global terrorism, and the struggle for

freedom around the globe today, VOA exemplifies the principles of a free press.

VOA is part of the U.S. Agency for Global Media (USAGM), the government

agency that oversees all non-military, U.S. international broadcasting. It is funded

by the U.S. Congress.

B. The Identification of the problem

1. Learning that Often occurs in the classroom is still dominated by teachers, so

learning that is done In the classroom is less effective .

2. At present there are Still many teachers who use conventional methods or

lecture methods, students only As listeners loyal and unable to be active in the

learning process .

C. Scope and limitation

The problem of the study is limited to know the effectiveness the students

speaking skill though VOA learning English at tenth grade of SMK Taman

Siswa MEDAN

D. The formulations of the problem

Based on the background and identification of the problem , the writer would
Like to formulate the problem in this paper as follow :

1. how can news item text by VOA to improve student ability report text.

E. Research Objectives

Research to determine the effectiveness of using news texts byVOA to Improve

the text of the report on the ability of students to learn to speak English .

a. For Students This study is expected to raise students’ interest in learning

English ,especially in speaking

b. For Teachers

This result of study is expected to give a contribution to the English

teachers in teaching speaking using VOA video learning English.

F. Benefits of Research

This study was to determine the ability of students to speak English for grade 10

and analyze the development of speaking English students before and after using

the English model through VOA news

 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

A. Theoretical Framework

1. Description of Teaching and Learning

According to Kayi (2006) teaching speaking has been undervalued and English

language teachers have continued to teach speaking just as a repetition of drills or

memorization of dialogues .However, today’s world requires that the goal of

teaching speaking should improve students’ communicative skills, because only in

that way, students’ can express themselves and learn how to follow the social and

cultural rules appropriate in each communicative circumstance.

Every research requires a theoretical framework that is a capability Researchers in

applying their thinking patterns in compiling systematic theories that support

research problems. theory functions for explain, predict views and give birth to

strategies in a research. Each research requires clarity of starting point or

foundation for solve problems or highlight those problems. It needs to be arranged

theoretical framework which contains the main points of thought that describe it

from the angle where the research is highlighted.

Cameroon ( 2001:40) states that speaking is the active use of language to Express

meaning so that speaking is much more demanding than listening Language on

earners ‘language resource and skills. Brown and Yule (2000) State that speaking

was to express the needs request ,information,service ,etc.

2. Description Speaking

Speaking language is especially difficult for foreign language learners because

effective oral communication requires the ability to use the language appropriately

in social interaction. Or Speaking is a communication activity between 2 people

or more using spoken language. Mukti (1993:18) in speaking there are several

factors that support speaking effectiveness . these factors include :

1. Language factor
a. Accurary of Speech , pronunciation of sounds must be right ,so too by placing

the appropriate pressure, duration and tone .

b. Selection of words or diction , must be clear, precise and understanding from

listeners.

c. Accuracy of speaker targets , use of sentence or effectiveness sentence make it

easy for listeners to capture the contents of the conversation.

d. Speech skill assessment every learning activity needs assessment , after the

learning process is completed. This assessment can be obtained through tests . the

test is tool that can be used to measure or find out the extent to which students are

able to follow the teaching and learning process that taken place. The method that

can be used to find out the extent to which students are able to speak is test of

speaking skills.

3. Basic Types of Speaking

According to Brown (2004:141) there are five basic types of speaking, as follows

a. Imitative At one end of continuum of types of speaking performance is ability

to simply parrot back (imitate) a word or phrase or possibly a sentence.

b. Intensive The production of short stretches of oral language designed to

demonstrate competence in a narrow band of grammatical, phrasal, lexical, or

phonological relationship (such as prosodic elements –intonation, stress, rhythm,

juncture).
4. Types Speaking

According to brown ( 2004 : 141) , there are types of speaking they are :

1. Imitative

This type is the ability simply imitates a word or phrase or possibly a sentence.

2. Intensive

This type is the production of short stretches of oral language design to

demonstrate competence in a narrow band of grammatical, phrasal, lexical or

phonological relationship ( such as stress ,intonation rhythm ).

5. Aspects of Speaking Skills

Experts have proposed various aspects of speaking skills. Brown (2001:268)

proposed four aspects of speaking skills namely fluency, accuracy.

a. Fluency

The first aspect is related to fluency. It is the ability to speak quickly and

automatically that has signs including the speed of speaking and few pauses which

are used to characterize a person’s level of communication proficiency ( Richards,

2006:108-109). In this definition, a person is said to be a fluent speaker of a

language if he/she can use the grammatical structures and patterns accurately,

quickly, and automatically at the normal conversation speed when they are

needed. Fluency is considered to be the ability to keep going when speaking

spontaneously. It also has signs that indicate that the speaker does not spend a lot

of time to search the language items needed to express the message.

b. Accuracy

It means that accuracy is achieved by allowing the speaker to focus on the

elements of phonology, grammar, and discourse in their spoken output. The aspect

of accuracy in the speaking class is set by providing opportunities for the learners

to be engaged in the context of daily life.

B. Conceptual Framework

Speaking is one of the language skills in everyday life . someone often chooses to

talk to communicate, because communication is more effective if done by

speaking. Speaking plays an important role in everyday life some linguists have

defined the notion of speaking , including the following Tarigan ( 1986 :3 )

suggests that speaking is a person’s ability to utter articulation sounds or words

that aim to express, and convey the person’s though ,ideas and feelings.

Definition Report Text

One kind of text that has taught in senior high school report text . student

commonly said that report text is similar with descriptive text . but actually those

are different .

The Generic Structure of Report Text

The function of generic structure of text is mainly to provide students with clear

options for speaking ,both within and beyond the sentences ,to help the students

create text that seen –well formed and appropriate to the reader.

Hypothesis

Based on theories above the researcher proposes the hypothesis stating that VOA

is effective to speaking ability at the twelve grade of Smk Taman Siswa Medan

the academic year 2019 .

The hypothesis that will be tested named alternative hypothesis ( Ha); whreas its

opposite is null hypothesis (Ho)

1. Ha : there is the effectiveness of using news item text by VOA to

Improve student ability in speaking report text at vocational

High or Smk Taman Siswa

2. Ho : there is no the effectiveness of using news item text by VOA to

Improve student ability in speaking report text at vocational

High or Smk Taman Siswa

 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH OF METHODOLGY

A .Location and Time of Research

This research will be conducted at SMK TAMAN SISWA Jln . Sabaruddin No. 8 ,

Sei Rengas Permata , Medan . the reason for choosing this school because the
researcher will ever do field internship in this school . and the same research will

never been conducted there .

B. Population and sample

Population by Arikunto (2006:108) is a set or collection target, a term which is

used interchangeably with population, can be in a form of group of objects

,phenomena, or tendencies . the objects in a population are investigated, analyzed

,and concluded before the conclusion is finally valid to the whole population . the

population of the research is at the tenth grade students of Smk Taman Siswa

Medan in academic year 2019 .

Sample is part of number and the characteristic is possessed by the population

( Sugioyono, 2006:118). Sample is a small subgroup chosen from the larger

population (Borden and abbot ,2011:163).the sample of this research took two

classes. They were X AP 24 students and AK 20 students .total sample was 44

students .the control applied the conventional technique in speaking and the

experimental class applied VOA .

C. Research Design

1. Independent

2. Dependent

D. Definition of Research Variables

 1. According to Sugiyono ( 2009:39) an independent variable is the major

variable or stimulus variable .the researcher considers that teaching speaking

using simulation method is the independent variable that symbolized by ” X”.

2.According to Cresweel (2012:115) a dependent variables is an attribute or

characteristic that is dependent on or influenced by the independent variable. The

researcher considers that the students speaking ability as the dependent variable

that symbolized by ‘‘ Y ” .

E. Technique of Collecting Data

To know the effectiveness of using news item text by VOA to using simulation

method , the researcher gives report text to the students.

F. Technique of Data Analyzing

In this research ,quantitative technique will be applied to analyze the data and the

steps are

1. Scoring the sample’s answer

2. Listing their scores in two table

REFERENCE

Kayi, Hayriye. 2006. Teaching Speaking: Activities to Promote Speaking in

Second Language. Available at: http://unr.edu/homepage/hayriyck.

Hornby, A. S. 1995. Oxford Advanced Learners’ Dictionary. London: Oxfod

Progressive Press .

Sugiyono. 2016. Metode Penelitian Pendidikan. Bandung. Alfabeta .

Arikunto, Suharsimi. 2006. Prosedur Penelitia: Suatu Pendekatan Praktek. Jakarta:
Rineka Cipta .

Brown,H.D. 2004 Language Assessment : Principles and Classroom practices.

New York :Person Education ,Inc .