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32 P 0.5
V 5.5 ( )
1.6 100
32 80 u 1000 0.5
5.5( ) 157kV
1.6 100
The nearest of standard line voltage is 132 kV, therefore it should be 132kV line.
To select number of circuit we must determine the capability of line by using surge
impedance loading (SIL) for single circuit as following:
2
VL
SIL (MW)
ZC
Where :
ZC is surge impedance and equal (400 ohm) for high voltage line.
VL is voltage of line in KV.
So ,
(132) 2
SIL 43.56 MW
400
The Surge impedance loading (SIL) for single circuit is equal 43.56 MW, less than
the transmitted power 80 MW, so we need to a double circuit. A double circuit line
has a higher power transfer capability and greater reliability than a single circuit.
To select the conductor determine the receiving end current to calculate the power
losses in the line so:
Pr
Ir
3VL cos I r
80 u 10 6
388.788 A
3 u 132 u 10 3 u 0.9
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49 Chapter 5 Design Of Transmission Line
Let ambient temperature be 35oC therefore temperature rise of 40oC can be allowed
referring to conductor appendix B.
The suitable conductor than used in 132kV is AAAC conductor (37/4.06mm) with
cross sectional 400 mm2 referring to Appendix e
It is necessary to calculate line losses and the line efficiency to check suitability of
this conductor, the line losses are approximately equal (3Ir2R) , where R is the total
line resistance per phase at 75oC.
Rac Rdc (1 y s y p )
0.06921(1 0.144 0.010) 0.0799 :/km
Rac Rdc (1 y s y p )
0.091(1 0.144 0.010) 0.0797 :/km
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50 Chapter 5 Design Of Transmission Line
The characteristics of the conductor are: Cross sectional area 400mm2, Number of
strands 37, Each having diameter 4.06mm, Overall diameter 28.42mm , weight
1319kg/km, minimum breaking load 136.85kN.
Experience has shown that a span of 335m is suitable for 132kV line; hence, we
keep the span as 335m.
a1 6.66
c2
4.20
b1 10.16 b2
3.75
7.16
c1 a2
Figure (5.1). Double circuit of three phase line
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51 Chapter 5 Design Of Transmission Line
The method of GMD can be used To find the inductance per phase, to do this ,we
group phases together and use the following equations to find the GMD between
each phase group:
DAB 4
4.649 u 9.403 u 9.437 u 4.039 6.354m
DBC 4
4.039 u 9.403 u 9.437 u 4.598 6.372m
DAC 4
7.95 u 6.666 u 7.16 u 7.95 7.411m
GMD 3
6.354 u 6.372 u 7.411 6.694m
GMR of each phase group is:
DSA D sb Da1a 2
DSB D sb Db1b 2
DSC D sb Dc1c 2
6.694
Lx 2 u 10 7 ln 0.618mH / km
0.30399
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52 Chapter 5 Design Of Transmission Line
The length of line (l) is 32 km, the inductive reactance per-phase is:
GMR L GMRC
2SH 0
C 0.01798PF / km
6.694
ln
0.30399
The length of line is 32km, so we represent the equivalent circuit as short circuit
transmission line as following:
To determine the sending end voltage we must determine the receiving end
voltage and receiving end current as following:
VL L 132kV
Vr 76.20qkV
3 3
Pr
Ir cos 1 φr
3VL L cos φr
80 u 106
cos 1 0.9 388.788 25.84q A
3 u 132 u 103 u 0.9
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53 Chapter 5 Design Of Transmission Line
VS VR Z line I R
Vs 78.3621.2qkV u 3 135.7271.2kV
IS IR
IS 388.788 25.84q A
ªA Bº ª1 Z line º ª1 6.9563.3qº
«C D » «0 1 » «0 1 »
¬ ¼ ¬ ¼ ¬ ¼
V s / A Vr 78362 76200
Re gulation% .100% .100% 2.83% The efficiency
Vr 76200
of single circuit line is:
Pr
line effenciecy % .100% 98.23%
Ps
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54 Chapter 5 Design Of Transmission Line
Vc moGg o r ln D
r
3.86 P 3.86 u 75
G 0.92492
273 t 40 273
5.31
VC = 0.8 u 0.92492 u 21.1 u 1.128 u ln 108.384 KV
0.01128
There is no corona at good weather but for bad weather the distributive voltage
VC u 0.8=86.71 kV/line.
But at bad weather there is a corona because the humidity increases in the bad
weather so we can write:
=126.8725 KV.
VV 144.5 KV.
§ f 25 ·
¸ u r D V Vc u 10
2 5
Pc = 243.5 u ¨ KW/ph/Km
© G ¹
§ 50 25 · 0.01128
u 76.2 86.71 u 10 5
2
Pc = 243.5 u ¨ ¸u
© 0.92492 ¹ 5.31
1.005 Kw / Km / Phase
Pc = 3 u1.005 u 32 96.48 Kw
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55 Chapter 5 Design Of Transmission Line
The efficiency with corona losses:
80 u 10 6
K 0.981
80 u 10 6 3 u 388.788 2 u 3.11 96.48 u 10 3
wl 2 12.94 u (335) 2
S min 1.33 m
8Tmin 8 u 136850
The maximum sag of conductor at bad weather (t=-5oC, the ice thickness has
10mm) is:
wl 2 12.94 u (335) 2
S max 7.20 m
8Tmax 8 u 25170
1
wind pressure u (density of air) u (wind speed) 2 u Shape factor
2
1 60 u 1000 2
wind pressure u 1.25 u ( ) u 1 173.61 N/m 2
2 3600
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56 Chapter 5 Design Of Transmission Line
8920S
wi (D 2 d 2 )
4
8920S
((48.42 u 10 3 ) 2 (24.42 u 10 3 ) 2 ) 10.766 N/m
4
The total force acting on the conductor per meter length is:
The force Ft lies in the new plane of conductor and is inclined to the vertical at an
J is :
ª Fw º ª 8.41 º
tan J « » «¬12.94 10.766 »¼ 0.3547 J 19.532q
¬ w wi ¼
Ft l 2 25.15 u (335) 2
S 2.578 m
8T 8 u 136850
The height of lowest cross-arm =minimum ground clearance+ vertical sag + length
of insulation string :
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