early-warning radar is any radar system used primarily for the long-range detection of its targets,

i.e., allowing defences to be alerted as early as possible before the intruder reaches its target, giving
the air defences the maximum time in which to operate. This contrasts with systems used primarily
for tracking or gun laying, which tend to be shorter range but offer much higher accuracy.
Ground-controlled interception (GCI) is an air defence tactic whereby one or more radar
stations or other observational stations are linked to a command communications centre which
guides interceptor aircraft to an airborne target.
airborne early warning and control (AEW&C) system is an airborne radar picket system designed
to detect aircraft, ships and vehicles at long ranges and perform command and control of
the battlespace in an air engagement by directing fighter and attack aircraft strikes. AEW&C aircraft
are used for both defensive and offensive air operations, and are to the NATO and US forces trained
or integrated Air Forceswhat the Command Information Center is to a US Navy warship, plus a
highly mobile and powerful radar platform.

Airborne ground surveillance (AGS) refers to a class of military airborne radar

system (Surveillance aircraft) used for detecting and tracking ground targets, such as vehicles and
slow moving helicopters, as opposed to Airborne early warning and control, whose primary role is
detecting and tracking aircraft in flight. Antenna beam width should be very small to enhance
resolution.
0ver-the-horizon radar, or OTH (sometimes called beyond the horizon, or BTH), is a type
of radar system with the ability to detect targets at very long ranges, typically hundreds to thousands
of kilometres, beyond the radar horizon, which is the distance limit for ordinary radar.
surface-to-air missile (SAM), or ground-to-air missile (GTAM /dʒɪˈtæm/), is a missile designed to
be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft or other missiles. It is one type of antiaircraft system;
in modern armed forces, missiles have replaced most other forms of dedicated antiaircraft weapons,
with anti-aircraft guns pushed into specialized roles.

Anti-aircraft warfare or counter-air defence is defined by NATO as "all measures designed to

nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action".[1] They include surface based, subsurface
(submarine launched), and air-based weapon systems, associated sensor systems, command and
control arrangements and passive measures (e.g. barrage balloons).

height finder radar is a type of 2-dimensional radar that measures altitude of a target.
air-to-air missile (AAM) is a missile fired from an aircraft for the purpose of destroying another
aircraft. AAMs are typically powered by one or more rocket motors, usually solid fueled but
sometimes liquid fueled. Ramjet engines, as used on the Meteor (missile) are emerging as
propulsion that will enable future medium-range missiles to maintain higher average speed across
their engagement envelope.
air-to-surface missile (ASM) or air-to-ground missile (AGM or ATGM) is a missile designed to be
launched from military aircraft at targets on land or sea. There are also unpowered guided glide
bombs not considered missiles. The two most common propulsion systems for air-to-surface
missiles are rocket motors, usually with shorter range, and slower, longer-range jet engines.
Some Soviet-designed air-to-surface missiles are powered by ramjets, giving them both long range
and high speed.
surface-to-air missile (SAM), or ground-to-air missile (GTAM /dʒɪˈtæm/), is a missile designed to
be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft or other missiles. It is one type of antiaircraft system;
in modern armed forces, missiles have replaced most other forms of dedicated antiaircraft weapons,
with anti-aircraft guns pushed into specialized roles.
surface-to-surface missile (SSM) or ground-to-ground missile (GGM) is a missile designed to be
launched from the ground or the sea and strike targets on land or at sea. They may be fired from
hand-held or vehicle mounted devices, from fixed installations, or from a ship. They are often
powered by a rocket engine or sometimes fired by an explosive charge, since the launching platform
is typically stationary or moving slowly.
fire-control system is a number of components working together, usually a gun data computer,
a director, and radar, which is designed to assist a weapon system in hitting its target. It performs
the same task as a human gunner firing a weapon, but attempts to do so faster and more accurately.
Missile guidance refers to a variety of methods of guiding a missile or a guided bomb to its
intended target. The missile's target accuracy is a critical factor for its effectiveness.

active electronically scanned array (AESA), is a type of phased array antenna, that is a
computer-controlled array antenna in which the beam of radio waves can be electronically steered to
point in different directions without moving the antenna.
counter-battery radar (alternatively weapon tracking radar) is a radar system that
detects artillery projectiles fired by one or more guns, howitzers, mortars or rocket launchers and,
from their trajectories, locates the position on the ground of the weapon that fired it.[1]:5–18 Such radars
are a subclass of the wider class of target acquisition radars.
Side-looking airborne radar (SLAR) is an aircraft- or satellite-mounted imaging radar pointing
perpendicular to the direction of flight (hence side-looking).[1] A squinted (nonperpendicular) mode is
possible also. SLAR can be fitted with a standard antenna (real aperture radar) or an antenna
using synthetic aperture.
ynthetic-aperture radar (SAR) is a form of radar that is used to create two-dimensional images
or three-dimensional reconstructions of objects, such as landscapes.[1] SAR uses the motion of the
radar antenna over a target region to provide finer spatial resolution than conventional beam-
scanning radars. SAR is typically mounted on a moving platform, such as an aircraft or spacecraft,
and has its origins in an advanced form of side looking airborne radar (SLAR)

Perimeter surveillance radar (PSR) is a class of radar sensors that monitor activity surrounding or
on critical infrastructure areas such as airports,[1] seaports, military installations, national borders,
refineries and other critical industry and the like.
Red Colour (Hebrew: ‫צבע אדום‬, transl.: Tzeva Adom) is an early-warning radar system installed by
the Israel Defense Forces in several towns surrounding the Gaza Strip to warn civilians of imminent
attack by rockets (usually Qassam rockets).[1] Outside of areas serviced by the Red Color system,
standard air raid sirens are used to warn of rocket attacks.
Man-portable radar is a lightweight surveillance radar system that does not require vehicle support
to transport or operate. Man-portable radar was developed to introduce radar to remote areas where
vehicle support is not feasible.
Air traffic control (ATC) is a service provided by ground-based air traffic controllers who direct
aircraft on the ground and through controlled airspace, and can provide advisory services to aircraft
in non-controlled airspace. The primary purpose of ATC worldwide is to prevent collisions, organize
and expedite the flow of air traffic, and provide information and other support for pilots.[1] In some
countries, ATC plays a security or defensive role, or is operated by the military.
Secondary surveillance radar (SSR)[1] is a radar system used in air traffic control (ATC), that not
only detects and measures the position of aircraft, i.e. bearing and distance, but also requests
additional information from the aircraft itself such as its identity and altitude.
Precision approach radar (PAR) is a type of radar guidance system designed to provide lateral and
vertical guidance to an aircraft pilot for landing, until the landing threshold is reached.
Distance measuring equipment (DME) is a transponder-based radio navigation technology that
measures slant range distance by timing the propagation delay of VHF or UHF radio signals.
electric beacon (or electromagnetic beacon) is a kind of beacon, a device which marks a fixed
location and allows direction finding equipment to find relative bearing, the direction to the beacon.
The most common are radio beacons, which broadcast a radio signal which is picked up by radio
direction finding systems on ships, aircraft and vehicles to determine the bearing to the beacon, but
the term also covers infrared and sonar beacons.

Terrain-following radar (TFR) is an aerospace technology tshat allows a very-low-flying aircraft to

automatically maintain a relatively constant altitude above ground level. It is sometimes referred-to
as ground hugging or terrain hugging flight.
Space-based radar refers to space-borne radar systems that may have any of a variety of purposes.
A number of earth-observing radar satellites, such as RADARSAT, have employed synthetic
aperture radar (SAR) to obtain terrain and land-cover information about the Earth.

A Doppler radar is a specialized radar that uses the Dopplereffect to produce velocity data
about objects at a distance. It does this by bouncing a microwave signal off a desired target and
analyzing how the object's motion has altered the frequency of the returned signal.
Continuous-wave radar is a type of radar system where a known stable frequency continuous
wave radio energy is transmitted and then received from any reflecting objects.[1] Continuous-wave
(CW) radar uses Doppler, which renders the radar immune to interference from large stationary
objects and slow moving clutter.[2]
The main advantage of CW radar is that energy is not pulsed so these are much simpler to
manufacture and operate. They have no minimum or maximum range, although the broadcast power
level imposes a practical limit on range. Continuous-wave radar maximize total power on a target
because the transmitter is broadcasting continuously.

A pulse-Doppler radar is a radar system that determines the range to a target using pulse-
timing techniques, and uses the Doppler effect of the returned signal to determine the target
object's velocity.

Continuous Wave Radar (CW radar) sets transmit a high-frequency signal

continuously. The echo signal is received and processed permanently. One
has to resolve two problems with this principle:
  prevent a direct connection of the transmitted energy into the receiver
(feedback connection),

 assign the received echoes to a time system to be able to do run time

measurements.

A pulse radar is a radar device that emits short and powerful pulses and in the silent period
receives the echo signals. In contrast to the continuous waveradar the transmitter is turned off
before the measurement is finished.