System description
Double steel pipes - Design
The double pipe system takes its name from the
fact that the casing pipe and polyurethane foam
insulates two carrier pipes. The carrier pipes are
fixed together and move as a whole.
The carrier pipes are bonded together with fix
plates, which are welded on to the pipes during
installation or into pre-insulated fittings or fix pipes.
All pipe section ends are to be provided with fix
plates. Fix plates and components containing fix
plates are designed for temperature variations
between the two pipes of max. 90 K.
The heat loss from a double pipe is typically 30%
lower than from a pair of pipes of the same
dimensions.
In a double pipe system the two carrier pipes are
situated over one another (the upper being the
return pipe), to ensure that the branch lines are
installed in the same level and at a right angle to the
main pipe, thus reducing the overall laying depth.
A double pipe does not require the same trench
width as a pair of pipes, and only half as many joint
installations. This results in considerable savings in
establishment and re-establishment of the trench.
Change of direction is made by means of SX joints,
elastic bends or pre-fabricated curved pipes.
Branches are insulated using TX-joints, and can be
established on site in the laying phase or by means
of tap and drill during operation.
Prior to all changes of direction and in connection
with all branches, the two carrier pipes must be
bonded together by means of a fix pipe, a pre-
insulated fitting or by welding fix plates on to the
pipes during installation.
Transition double pipes with a fix plate can be built
into the T-joint and form a branch pipe.
Logstor can also supply fittings with built-in fix
plates.
As standard, fix plates are not included in pipes.
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4.4.1
Service lines can be designed with double steel
pipes, alternatively LR-Pex or Cu-Flex double pipes
in coils. LR-Pex can be applied up to 95°C and Cu-
Flex up to 120°C.
In locations with special requirements to flexibility,
branches can be installed using single pipes.
Double pipes can be supplied with carrier pipes in
dimensions ø26.9 mm to ø168.3 mm.
Laying methods applied for double pipes:
Compensated, heat pre-stressed or cold laying
The compensated laying method is advantageous
in sections, which require many natural changes of
direction or the maintenance of low axial stress and
heat pre-stressing of the straight pipe sections is
not possible.
The compensated laying method allows vertical
bevelling in the joints and installation of taps and
drills.
The heat pre-stressed laying method is applied in
locations with special requirements to the length of
the straight pipe sections and low axial stress.
The heat pre-stressed laying method allows vertical
bevelling in the joints and installation of taps and
drills.
The cold laying method is advantageous in long
straight pipe sections without branches.
Due to the fact that the cold laying method results
in high axial stress, mitring is not allowed. For the
same reason, the main pipe is reinforced in branch
areas where taps and drills are installed.
Simpler guidelines can be applied when it comes to
laying of double pipes with operating temperature
of 85°C or less.
The detection system is established according to
the principles valid for single pipes, see section 8.1.
Description of the transition piece between the
single and the double pipe is placed under the
relevant components.
 Specifications

Double steel pipes - Design 4.4.2

Specifications of the carrier pipes, which form part Double pipes from Logstor are supplied with HDPE
of the standard products from Logstor, are listed in casing pipes in accordance with EN 253.
the following.
HDPE casing material
Steel carrier pipe
High-density polyethylene.
High frequency welded P235GH or St. 37.0 BW.
Material complies with EN 253.
Complies with the required steel pipe dimensions
and tolerances of the EN 253 standard.
Pipe material P235GH according to EN 10217-2 or Mechanical properties:
St. 37.0 BW according to DIN 1626.
Density > 940 kg/m3
Test pressure min. 50 bar or eddy current tested. Yield stress > 19 N/mm²
Welding zone is NDT-tested to SEP 1917 class B.
All pipes are purchased with mill certificate to EN Thermal properties:
10204/3.1. Coefficient of expansion 2 . 10-4 K-1
Supply of certificate on delivery to be specified on Thermal conductivity 0.43 W/mK
order. Melt flow rate 0.3-0.8 g/10 min.
CLT (EN 253) ≥ 2000 hours
NCLT ≥ 300 hours
Mechanical properties for steel P235GH and
St. 37.0 BW:
Density 7850 kg/m3 PUR insulation
Tensile strength > 350 N/mm2 Hard polyurethane foam (PUR) in accordance with
Yield strength > 235 N/mm2 EN 253.
E-module 2.1 . 105 N/mm2
Polyurethane foam made from polyol and
Thermal properties: isocyanate. The foam is homogeneous with an
average cell size of max. 0.5 mm.
Coefficient of expansion 1.2 . 10-5 K-1
Specific heat 0.48 kJ/kgK
Thermal conductivity 76 W/mK Mechanical properties of PUR:
Density > 60 kg/m3
Closed cells > 88 %
Water absorption if boiled < 10 % (Vol)
Compressive strength,
10% deformation > 0.3 N/mm2
Axial shear strength > 0.12 N/mm2
Tangential shear strength > 0.20 N/mm2

Thermal properties:
Thermal conductivity at 50°C <0.0275 W/mK
Max. operating temperature 140 °C

Material parameters are given subject to revisions

due to technical developments.
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 Laying methods
Bonded system
Double steel pipes - Design
The following three standard methods of pipe-laying
are used for Logstor´s double pipes:
Laying method
Compensated with bends
Typical application:
Distribution networks
Heat-prestressed
Typical application:
All net types
Cold laying
Typical application:
Long straight pipe sections with
few or no branches
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4.4.3
Advantages Disadvantages
Reduced axial stress. Additional expansion bends
The trench is covered before required.
heating. The pipe system can move in the
Max. allowable mitring in the ground.
bends: 3°
Max. allowable reduction: 1
dimension.
Branches can be established
freely without additional
reinforcement of the main pipe.
Reduced axial stress in the pre- Before being covered, the pipe
stressed section. system is heated to pre-heating
temperature to allow free
Easy installation. expansion.
Additional for extra expansion
elements are not required.
Long restricted pipelines.
Max. allowable mitring in the
bends: 5°
Max. allowable reduction: Up to 2
dimensions
Branches can be established
freely without additional
reinforcement of the main pipe.
Easy installation. High axial stress.
Preheating or additional Limitations due to branches,
expansion elements are not reductions and mitring in the
required. bends.
Long restricted pipelines. First-time expansions are
extensive in the expansion zones.
Extra care in connection with
parallel trenches.
 Laying instructions

Double steel pipes - Design 4.4.4

The trench cross-section must allow pipe and joint
installation to be carried out in a suitable manner
and access for backfilling to be compacted. Take
account of cables and pipes already in the ground
and the need for trench drainage.
In areas with poor subsoil quality, which does not
observe the specification for backfilling material, it
may be necessary to replace some of the soil to a
substantial depth to avoid settlement.
Compaction of the backfilling material used for
refilling from gravel layer to ground level must be
possible. Compaction from 200-500 mm above the
pipes can be carried out using a flat-bed vibrator
with a max. ground pressure of 100 kPa.
In areas with substantial traffic load, or where a soil
cover of min. 500 mm cannot be observed, the
pipes must be protected, e.g. by means of a steel
plate.

Backfilling material Water quality

The following specifications for the backfilling In order to avoid corrosion of the carrier pipe
material should be observed: treated water must be applied. The water treatment
depends on the local circumstances, but must
observe the following requirements:
Maximum grain size < 32 mm
Maximum 9% weight < 0.075 mm
or 3% weight < 0.020 mm pH 9.5 - 10
d60 No free oxygen
Non-uniformity figure > 1.8 Total salt contents < 3000 mg/l
d10

The material is not to contain of organic material. Fixation

Sharp-edged grains, which might damage pipe and
joint, should be avoided. In order avoid system failure, it must be ensured,
that there is no relative expansion between the two
Pipe trenches carrier pipes.

Backfilling of the pipe trench must observe the The carrier pipes are fixed together by means of fix
following specifications: 100 mm below, 200 mm plates, which are built into specific components.
above and 150 mm on both sides of the pipe. Straight pipes do not contain fix plates. This is to
avoid excess heat transmission between supply
and return pipes.
All straight pipe section ends must therefore be
provided with fix plates or a component containing
fix plates.
500 mm
200 mm Pre-insulated bends and branches on T’s are
always contain fix plates in order to secure the
carrier pipes.
100 mm
150 mm

Backfilling should be carried out using a shovel, and

the material around the pipes should be compacted
by hand.
In the backfilling process, all supports beneath the
pipes should be removed. Expanded polystyrene Bend joints and T-joints must be completed with fix
Version/08.2005.UK

foam and sand bags do not have to be removed. plates or a fix pipe immediately before and after the
Warning tape is laid down at least 200 mm above bend joint, and - in the case of a branch -
the double pipes. immediately after the T-joint.

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 Laying instructions

Double steel pipes - Design 4.4.5

Fix plates are not required for curved pipes. It is not Axial stress
necessary to install fix plates if the pipe section
Standard T-fittings can be applied in heat pre-
between two bend joints is max. 12 m. or at
stressed systems. Reinforced T-fittings are applied
branches, which are max. 6 m. long.
in cold installed systems with operation temperature
Fix plates are produced in the following dimensions: above 85° C. See 4.4.11 and 4.4.12 for further
information.
Steel pipe Width of Height of Thickness Nominal
diameter fix plate fix plate of fix plate throat thick Connection to single pipes
d, mm L, mm H, mm t, mm -ness, mm The last component in a double pipe system must
26.9 40 45 4 2.0 be a merging pipe with a built-in fix plate. The
merging pipe is sensitive to axial stress, which must
33.7 60 52 4 2.0
be relieved by means of a 90° bend either on the
42.4 80 60 4 2.0 double pipe or single pipe max. 12 m from the
48.3 80 66 5 2.0
merging pipe. As an alternative, two axial
compensators can be mounted on the single pipes.
60.3 80 80 5 2.0
As an alternative, the double pipe pipeline can be
76.1 120 96 5 2.0 finalized by means of a connection elbow, with a
88.9 120 114 6 2.5 built-in fix, and a Z-offset on single pipes.
114.3 150 139 6 2.5 Z-offests are designed as described on page
4.4.14.
Loose fix plates cannot be applied to the
dimensions 139.7 and 168.3, as they are too long
to be welded safely. Fix pipes are used for these
dimensions.
Fix plates are welded on to both sides of the pipes Max 12 m
according to the instructions below:

Connecting elbow
d

H
L
Max 12 m

Merging pipe
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 Change of direction

Double steel pipes - Design 4.4.6

Bevelling
Change of direction in compensated systems can
be carried out by up to 5° in each joint at an interval
of min. 6 m.
Angular deflection of up to 5° can be carried out on
all Logstor joint systems. The maximum allowable
bevelling depends on the laying method and the
relevant axial stresses as described under the laying
method of each individual system.
In connection with cold laying, the use of bevelling
depends on the maximum operating temperature
as described on page 4.4.11.
Curved pipes
In 2005 Løgstør Rør A/S and ALSTOM Power Flow-
Systems A/S merged, and now the two product
programmes are being united into one programme.
This section of the earlier Løgstør Rør A/S cata-
logue has been cancelled, and its contents have
been integrated into the LOGSTOR main catalogue.
Please see Design section 15.4.

Elastical bending
In double pipes, horizontal curves can be made ela-
stically according to the below table.

Steel pipe Casing pipe Curve

diameter diameter radius
mm mm m
26.9 125 13
33.7 140 17
42.4 160 21
48.3 160 24
60.3 200 30
76.1 225 38
88.9 250 44
114.3 315 57
139.7 400 70
168.3 450 84

The curve radius is calculated as 500 times the ex-

ternal steel pipe diameter, which corresponds to the
maximum bending stress of 210 N/mm2.
Elastic bending of double pipes requires greater for-
ce than an equivalent bending of a single pipe due
to the two carrier pipes and the larger casing pipe.
LOGSTOR is able to supply curved pipes for large
dimensions.
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 Fitting length

Double steel pipes - Design 4.4.7

Fitting length The frictional forces between the casing pipe and
the soil can be calculated using the formula given
The carrier pipes expand when heated and the
below.
insulation and casing pipe will follow in the ground.
This movement is counteracted by the frictional
force between the casing pipe and the ground.
( 1 + Ko ) . . . . .
Axial stress in the steel pipe increases with the F = π D z γ µ
distance from the pipe end. 2

F =frictional force per unit length, N/m

D =casing pipe diameter, m
z =laying depth from centreline of pipe, m
γ =specific gravity (of soil), N/m3
µ =coefficient of friction between soil and
casing pipe. For normal movement use
m = 0.4.
Ko = coefficient of rest pressure (normally 0.5)

σa perm The maximum permissible fitting length of pipe Lmax

is thus determined in such a way that sa perm = 190
N/mm2 is not exceeded.

Lmax = 2 (σa perm - ½ α E (tf-tr)) A / F

Lmax = maximum fitting length of pipe, m

σa perm = permissible axial stress in the steel
The fitting length corresponds to the pipe length, pipe, N/mm²
which builds up a permissible axial stress σa perm in A = cross-sectional area of steel pipe, mm2
a given laying depth. E = elasticity module; 2.1.105 N/mm2 for
steel
In the following the permissible axial stress is set to α = expansion coefficient for the steel pipe,
σa perm = 190 N/mm2 in the supply line in order to 1.2.10-5 °C-1
ensure maximum safety and minimum restrictions in tf = temperature supply, °C
the design phase. tr = temperature return, °C
Sometimes, it may be advantageous to choose a
lower or higher axial stress, if the conditions allow it.
In double pipes, the supply and return lines are
fixed to eachother, and the expansion is given by
the mean temperature.
This means, that the pipe length necessary for the
build up of an axial stress of 190 N/mm2 in the
supply line, is shorter in double pipes compared to
single pipe.
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 Fitting length

Double steel pipes - Design 4.4.8

The tables below give values for pipe dimension d, Assumptions:
soil cover H, frictional force F and maximum fitting
length of pipe Lmax for double pipes with
temperature variations between supply and return γ = 18000 N/m3
of 30°C and 60°C respectively. µ = 0.4
σa perm = 190 N/mm2
The temperature difference tf - tr = 30°C

Diameter Wall- Diameter Cross sec- Soil cover H

steel pipe thickness casing pipe tional area
0.5 m 0.75 m 1.0 m
stålrør steel pipe
d s D A F Lmax F Lmax F Lmax
mm mm mm mm2 N/m m N/m m N/m m

26.9 2.6 125 198 1193 51 1723 35 2253 27

33.7 2.6 140 254 1354 57 1948 40 2541 30

42.4 2.6 160 325 1574 63 2253 44 2931 34

48.3 2.6 160 373 1574 72 2253 50 2931 39

60.3 2.9 200 523 2036 78 2884 55 3732 43

76.1 2.9 225 667 2338 87 3292 62 4246 48

88.9 3.2 250 862 2651 99 3711 71 4771 55

114.3 3.6 315 1252 3514 108 4850 79 6186 62

139.7 3.6 400 1539 4750 99 6447 73 8143 58

168.3 4.0 450 2065 5535 114 7443 84 9352 67

Difference in temperature tf - tr = 60°C

Diameter Wall- Diameter Cross sec- Soil cover H

steel pipe thickness casing pipe tional area
0.5 m 0.75 m 1.0 m
stålrør steel pipe
d s D A F Lmax F Lmax F Lmax
mm mm mm mm2 N/m m N/m m N/m m

26.9 2.6 125 198 1193 38 1723 26 2253 20

33.7 2.6 140 254 1354 43 1948 30 2541 23

42.4 2.6 160 325 1574 47 2253 33 2931 25

48.3 2.6 160 373 1574 54 2253 38 2931 29

60.3 2.9 200 523 2036 59 2884 41 3732 32

76.1 2.9 225 667 2338 65 3292 46 4246 36

88.9 3.2 250 862 2651 74 3711 53 4771 41

114.3 3.6 315 1252 3514 82 4850 59 6186 46

139.7 3.6 400 1539 4750 74 6447 55 8143 43

168.3 4.0 450 2065 5535 85 7443 63 9352 51
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 Compensated system

Double steel pipes - Design 4.4.9

The compensated system must be covered before Branches
heating. Expansions are absorbed in bends with
Branches can be placed freely without
foam pads.
reinforcement of the main pipe.
In the compensated system, the axial stress is
Branches can be made using Steel-Flex, Cu-flex or
limited to 190 N/mm2 by observing a distance
LR-Pex irrespective of the length of the branch.
between two expansion elements of 2Lmax.
The length of the steel double pipe branches
In a compensated double pipe system, angular
without expansion loops is not to exceed 2/3 Lmax.
deviations up to 3° can be carried out and
reductions of one dimension built in. If 2/3 Lmax is exceeded, an expansion loop must be
installed.
Expansions are calculated as follows:
Branches must be secured against movements in
the main pipe by means of foam pads as described
on page 4.4.14.
F . L2
∆L = ½ α (tf + tr - 2 tm) L - The movement ∆LT in the main pipe at the branch
4.E.A
is calculated as follows:
∆L =
expansion, m
L =
pipe length, m
tf =
supply temperature, °C F . (2L - LT) . LT
∆LT = ½ α (tf + tr - 2 tm) LT -
tr =
return temperature, °C 4.E.A
tm =
installation temperature, °C
A sectional area of a steel pipe, mm2
= ∆LT = movement at the branch point, m
E elasticity module; 2.1.105 N/mm2 for steel
= L = pipe length, m
α =
coefficient of expansion for steel pipe, LT = distance from branch to nearest
1.2.10-5 °C-1 anchor, m
F = frictional force per unit length, N/m

If the expansion exceeds 15 mm, foam pads must

be applied as described on page 4.4.13.
Wherever ∆LT exceeds 10 mm, foam pads must be
plased on the sides of the branch as described on
page 4.4.14.
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 Heat prestr
prestressed
estressed

Double steel pipes - Design 4.4.10

Before covering, the pipe system is heated to a The expansion in the open trench, when heating to
temperature (preheating temperature) that lies the preheating temperature, can be calculated as
between the installation temperature and the described below. The friction between the casing
operating temperature. pipe and the underlying soil is disregarded.
The temperature is maintained until covering and
compacting are completed.
∆L1 = α . (tforv - tm) . L
Make sure that the preheated section is uncovered
in order to prevent unintended stress. ∆L1 = expansion during preheating, m
L = preheated section (length), m
In a heat pre-stressed double pipe system, angular α = expansion coefficient,°C-1
deviations up to 5° can be made in welding and tpreh = preheating temperature, °C
reductions of up to 2 dimensions can be built in, if tm = installation temperature, °C
the maximum temperature difference between the
preheating temperature and the supply temperature
is below 60°C.
As standard, the preheating temperature is
estimated as the average between the installation
temperature and the operating temperature.
If tf - tm ≤ 120°C , the preheating temperature is
computed as:

(tm + tf)
tpreh =
2 Due to friction, it can be necessary to preheat to a
tf = flow temperature, °C higher temperature in order to obtain the required
expansion.
tinst = installation temperature, °C
tpreh = preheating temperature, °C
Branches
There are no limits to the length of the branches
using steel double pipes.
Installation of taps and drills without reinforcement
is allowed.
Branches using Steel-Flex, Cu-Flex or LR-Pex are
allowed.
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 Cold laying

Double steel pipes - Design 4.4.11

The cold laying method can be applied in The expansion is calculated as:
connection with the establishment of a double pipe
system from Logstor. This means that the pipes are 2
F.L
laid and covered irrespective of the fitting length ∆L = ½ α (tf + tr - 2 tm) Lf - . .f
and without pre-heating. The temperature load is 4 E A
absorbed only as stress. where
Cold installed systems with operating temperatures
≤ 85°C are handled according to the rules for Lf = E . α . (tf + tr - 2tm) . A/F
compensated systems. Lf = friction length, m
The difference of temperature between the two E = elasticity module steel, 2.1 . 105 N/mm2
pipes is not to exceed 90°C. α = expansion coefficient steel,1.2 . 10-5 °C-1
tf = flow temperature, °C
In cold laid sections with axial stress greater than tr = return temperature, °C
190 N/mm2, reinforced T-fittings must be applied tm = installation temperature, °C
and taps and drills must be reinforced.
F = frictional force per unit length, N/m
As standard, reductions are not allowed. A = sectional area for a steel pipe, mm2
The cold laying method is most suitable for long
straight pipe sections with few or no fittings.
For further information on the cold laying method
see section 4.1.

Change of direction
Curved pipes and elastic bends are allowed in cold
laid sections.
Due to the high stress level bevelling must be
limited in accordance with the formula:

tf - tm °C max. angle
60 5°
70 4°
80 3°
90 2°
100 1°
110 0,5°
>110 0° Reductions
Built-in reductions are not to be placed more than
Expansion Lmax from a bend and with one offset in each
reduction, only.
At the start and at the end of a cold laid section the
expansion from the friction length must be The distance between two reductions must be min.
absorbed in bends installed with foam pads. 12 m.
The friction length Lf is the part of the pipeline, Fix plates are welded on to the pipes of the biggest
which moves when exposed to changes in dimension, next to the reduction.
temperature, while the remaining part is fixed by the
soil.
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 Cold laying
Double steel pipes - Design
Branches
Movements in main pipes:
Movements in the main pipe at the branches are
calculated according to the formula described on
page 4.4.9 in which L is replaced by Lf.
Wherever ∆L exceeds 10 mm, foam pads are place
on each side of the branch as described on page
4.4.14.
Wherever ∆L exceeds 50 mm, branches may not
be ”made”.
Branches made of Cu-Flex or LR-Pex, in which ∆L
exceeds 40 mm, a connection pipe shall be
installed between the main pipe and the flexible
pipe. Such branches may not be welded directly
onto the media pipe. See page 4.5.21.
The length of the double pipe branches without
expansion loops is not to exceed Lmax.
Wherever the distance from the branch to the free
pipe end on the main pipe exceeds Lmax, a
reinforced T-fitting is applied or the main pipe is
reinforced by taps and drills.
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4.4.12
Reinforced T-fittings
Wherever the distance from a branch to an
expansion mark on the main pipe exceeds Lmax of
the main pipe, a reinforced T-fitting is applied or the
main pipe is reinforced by taps and drills.
Length of branch
Branches with double pipes without expansion
offsets must be max. 2/3 Lmax long.
If 2/3 Lmax is exceeded, an expansion offset must
be built in.
As for Steel-Flex, Cu-Flex and LR-Pex, branching
can be performed irrespective of the length of the
branch.
Changeover to other materials in the same pipe
routing:
It is allowed to continue with double pipes in the
same pipe routing as PEX pipes, if the movement in
the double pipe is less than 10 mm.
In case of greater movements, the double pipe
must be relieved.
 Absorption of expansion

Double steel pipes - Design 4.4.13

n a double pipe system expansions are absorbed in L-bend
L-bends or Z-offsets.
The table below lists the required length of the foam
pads on the outer side of the bend for one and two
layers respectively.
Bends laid in non-compacted soil with
max. soil cover of 1 m, can be laid without Carrier pipe Foam pad length, m
foam pads if:
d 15 mm < ∆L ≤ 45 mm 45 mm < ∆L ≤ 75 mm
d > 60,3 mm mm 1. layer + 2. layer
d ≤ 60,3 mm and ∆L ≤ 30 mm 26.9 1.0 1.0 + 1.0
33.7 1.0 1.0 + 1.0

In order to absorb expansion, foam pads are 42.4 1.0 1.0 + 1.0
installed at bends, which do not fulfil the above 48.3 1.0 1.0 + 1.0
criteria, or wherever the expansion exceeds 15 mm
(e.g. by roads or similar). 60.3 1.0 1.0 + 1.0

If the expansion is less than 15 mm, foam pads are 76.1 1.0 2.0 + 1.0
not applied. Expansions of 30 mm can be absorbed 88.9 1.0 2.0 + 1.0
per layer.
114.3 2.0 2.0 + 1.0
139.7 2.0 2.0 + 1.0
∆L ≤ 15 mm => none
168.3 2.0 2.0 + 1.0
15 mm < ∆L ≤ 45 mm => 1 layer
45 mm < ∆L ≤ 75 mm => 2 layer

In compensated and heat pre-stressed systems

foam pads are installed on the outer side of the
bend.
In non-compensated systems a layer is also
installed on the inner side of the bend.
The height of the foam pad must correspond to the
diameter of the outer pipe. Cut in one of the
grooves. The foam pad is secured by means of
filament tape around the outer pipe.
Version/08.2005.UK

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 Absorption of expansion

Double steel pipes - Design 4.4.14

Z-offset Branches
The length of the moving leg B in the Z-offset must Branches, where the movement of the main pipe is
as minimum be Bmin, as listed in the table and less than 10 mm, must be installed without the use
maximum 1.5 x Bmin. of foam pads.
Branches, where the movement of the main pipe is
between 10 mm and 30 mm, must be installed with
∆L1
one foam pad layer as described under L-bends.
Branches, where the movement of the main pipe is
between 30 mm and 50 mm, must be installed with
B two foam pad layers as described under L-bends.
Branches are not to be placed on the main pipe, if
∆L2 the movement of the main pipe is more than 50
mm.
∆L = ∆L1 + ∆L2
B ≤ 1,5 Bmin

d Min. moving leg Bmin, m

mm 15 mm < ∆L ≤ 90 mm 90 mm < ∆L ≤ 150 mm
26.9 1.1 1.1
33.7 1.1 1.1
42.4 1.1 1.2
48.3 1.1 1.3
60.3 1.5 2.0
76.1 1.5 2.5
88.9 2.0 3.5
114.3 2.2 4.3
139.7 2.2 4.3
168.3 2.2 4.3

The number of foam pads on the two bends is

determined by ∆L1 and ∆L2 respectively.
If B is greater than 1.5 x Bmin, the two bends are to
be treated as two separate L-bends.
Version/08.2005.UK

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 Installation

Double steel pipes - Design 4.4.15

During welding, pressure test and joint installation,
the pipes must be raised min. 150 mm from the
trench base.
The pipes are placed on wood, sand bags or
polystyrene blocks, or directly on the trench base
with an extended trench depth in the joint zones.
Wooden blocks must be removed before covering.
It can be advantageous to join the pipes on beams
placed crosswise of the trench. After assembly, the
pipes are lowered into the trench. The load from
this elastic bend has no influence on correctly
assembled pipes.
It can be advantageous to install transmission
pipelines without branches by joining the pipes
alongside the pipe trench and lowering the line into
the trench consecutively. This quickens installation
and keeps the dimensions of the pipe trench at an
absolute minimum.
The supports must be at least 100 mm wide and
placed at intervals of max. 3 m.
In order to ensure high quality weldings, it is
recommended, that the weldings comply with EN
288 part 1, 2 or 3, and that the welders are certified
according to EN 287 part 1.
Version/08.2005.UK
Welding on carrier pipes must comply with the EN
25817 standard level C.
Cold laid pipes with an operating temperature
above 85° C. must always comply with the EN
25817 standard level B.
Prior to installation of joints, the system must be
leak tested. It is best to carry out a leak test using
air pressure, but hydraulic pressure or external
vacuum can also be applied.
After welding, pressure test and joint installation,
the pipe system is lowered to the base of the trench
in a continuous process. Wide nylon straps are
used for lowering the pipes into the pipe trench.
Before lowering the pipes into the trench, make
sure that the base is even and compacted with an
even layer of friction material at least 100 mm thick.
It is important, that the cavity underneath the pipes
is backfilled with sand. The material underneath,
between and over the pipes must be compacted by
hand, in order to avoid damaging the casings.
Warning tape is placed at least 200 mm above the
pipes. Alternatively, a warning net is placed in the
whole width of the trench.
The trench is refilled, if possible with the dug out
material. However, the material is not to contain
large stones or sharp-edged objects.

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