ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF ONE WAY POST TENSIONED

SLAB USING ANSYS

Dr. N. Jayaramappa 1 Sujit N Hegde 2

1. Professor, department of civil engineering UVCE, Bangalore university, Bangalore,

Karnataka, India
2. Post-graduation student, UVCE, Bangalore university, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

Abstract - Global increase of nations wealth imposes constant improvement of development

throughout the years and well known architectural forms, both visually and functionally. This
forces the necessity to search for slenderer horizontal shell elements with greater spans.
However, apart from general stability and capacity, those have to provide both good thermal
and acoustical features, as well as vibration resistance, which become problematic in case of
slender slabs. Despite number of disadvantages, all of the above mentioned factors may be
reconciled by concrete, more precisely - prestressed concrete. Quite large span is achieved
using pre-tensioned hollow core slabs. The use of hidden steel beams and concrete topping
significantly increases the attractiveness of this type of slab. The flat slab with large span is
achieved in this way. However, much more slander slabs can be constructed using post-
tensioned concrete. For years, post-tensioned concrete long-span slabs have been used as
structural floors in buildings in the USA, Australia, Hong Kong and Singapore. Hereafter,
they have been introduced to Europe. In Poland, its growth dates back to the last ten years.
During several decades of effective application of prestressed slabs many design guidelines
were prepared and implemented in order to enable the simple engineering approach to the
design of selected slab type.

Key words: Prestressed concrete, post tensioning, Ansys, prestressed tendons.

1
1. INTRODUCTION
Prestressed concrete is a revolutionary method of
building technique in which high strength steel cables are
stressed before or after placing concrete so that this force
balances the external force. Prestressed concrete is used
in a wide range of building and civil structures where its
improved performance can allow for longer spans,
reduced structural thicknesses, and material savings
compared with simple reinforced concrete. Typical
applications include high-rise buildings, residential
slabs, foundation
systems, bridge and dam structures, silos and tanks, indus
trial pavements and nuclear containment structures. Post-
tensioning systems provide many benefits. Use of post-
tensioning in slabs reduces the amount of concrete
required for a structure which offsets increased cost of
labour and equipment, decreases the amount of formwork
required, decreases the overall height of floors which
allows more floors for a specified building height,
decreases the weight of the building which is a benefit in
seismic design, and increases the allowable span length,
creating more open space in a structure
1.1. LITERATURE REVIEW
1. In this paper the authors have discussed on long
span posttensioned slabs and deflection control. The
following paper presents representative projects of
realized and future designs of long span prestressed
slabs. It has been proven, with regard to two-year
monitoring behaviour of slabs constructed in
Kozienice, that design of elements exceeding values
recommended by dated guidelines, of span lengths
and span to depth ratios is feasible. The conclusions
that have been made, will allow for the construction
of longer span and slenderer slabs than it was in the
past. he authors will continue to successively
observe effects of future long span prestressed slabs
designs and report the findings in technical and
scientific literature. It can be noted that the research
of possibility to use lightweight aggregate concrete
in construction of long-span post-tensioned slabs has
begun in Cracow University of Technology. It is
commonly known that it is difficult to provide the
desired concrete modulus of elasticity with this type
of aggregate. On the other hand, preliminary
computational analysis carried out by the authors
indicate that important decrease of slab self-weight
can lead to reduction of amount of prestressing or
deflection in comparison with dense concrete of
similar strength. The successful results from
observation of full-scale post-tensioned slabs in
laboratory tests may contribute to design and
realisation of long-span post-tensioned slab with
lightweight aggregate in buildings in the future.[1]
2.The behaviour of unbonded post-tensioned one-
way concrete slabs is investigated experimentally
and numerically in this paper. Two tests were
conducted by the authors to measure the strains
in the tendon during the post-tensioning stage
and during the ultimate load test. The slabs were
one-way simply-supported and reinforced with
15.7 mm nominal diameter seven-wire mono-
strand tendons. Prestress losses were measured
and a comparison with current design codes
showed that the calculated design losses were
higher than those measured. The load-deflection
behaviour and modes of failure are presented for
the two tests. A nonlinear finite element model,
incorporating the correct load transfer from the
tendon to the concrete, was developed and reified
against the tests. The model also ensured that the
profile of the tendon retained its correct shape
during deformation. A parametric study was
conducted to study the effects on the global
structural behaviour due to the change in the
slab's geometry, prestress load, concrete strength
and boundary conditions. The experimental and
numerical results were compared with values
calculated using current design codes. It is shown
that the ultimate loads calculated using current
codes are conservative for the unbonded post-
tensioned one-way concrete slabs investigated in
this study.[3]
2. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF POST
TENSIONED ONE WAY CONTINUOUS SLAB.
Post tensioned one way continuous slab consists
of two spans of 7.5m wide and 20 m long panels
which are acted upon by dead load and 3Kn/m2
live load for an industrial building. The slab is
supported by three beams of size 450mmX750mm
at the longer edges.
2.1 Calculation of dead load
Thickness of the slab = span/40=7500/40=187.5
=200mm
Self-weight of the slab= 0.2x24 = 4.8Kn/m2
2
Live load on the slab= 3 Kn/m2 Therefore eccentricity of the cable at support = 88.6-(h/6)
=55mm
Floor finish = 1 Kn/m2
2.5 Check for stresses
Total Dead load = 5.8 Kn/m2
Considering 1m width of span
Factored dead load = 5.8x1.5 = 8.7 Kn/m2
2
Area of cross section = 1000x200=200x103mm2
Factored live load = 3x1.5 = 4.5 Kn/m
Z= section modulus = 1000x2002/6 =6.66x106 mm3
2.2 Calculation of effective span
P=786KN
Effective span is smaller of
At centre of span section
1)clear span +d = 7.5+.2 =7.7m
e=55mm; M=69.66 KN-m
2) Clear span+bearing=7.5+.45=7.95m
P/A=786x103/(1000x200)=3.93N/mm2
Effective span = 7.7m
Pe/Z= (786x103x55)/( 6.66x106)=6.49 N/mm2
2.3 Calculation of bending moment
M/Z = 10.459 N/mm2
Referring to Is 456-2000 table 12 Bending moment
coefficients At mid support section

Bending moment at mid span = (8.7x7.72x/12) + e=70mm; M=81.22 KN-m

(4.5x7.72/10)
P/A=786x103/(1000x200)=3.93N/mm2
= 69.66 KN-m
Pe/Z= (786x103x70)/( 6.66x106)=8.26 N/mm2
Bending moment at mid support = (8.7x7.72x/10) +
(4.5x7.72/9) M/Z = 12.19 N/mm2

= 81.2273 KN-m Stresses are compiled in the table below, stresses

developed in the concrete are within safe permissible
Bending moment diagram limits.

2.4 Calculation of prestressing force location P/A Pe/Z M/Z total

Centre top 3.93 -6.49 10.459 7.899
The absolute maximum bending moment occurs at the of span bottom 3.93 6.49 -10.40 0.02
mid support section. Using a minimum cover of 30mm to
support top 3.93 8.26 -12.19 0
the cable, if no tensile stresses are permitted in the
bottom 3.93 -8.26 12.19 7.86
section the distance between the cable and the bottom of
the kern is obtained as 70+33.3=103.3mm
2.6 Number of cables
P= prestressing force
Using 12 wires of 5 mm diameter stressed to 1500N/mm2
Px103.3 = 81.22x106
Area of each cable= 235.6mm2
P=786KN
Force in each cable=235.6x1500=353.4KN
At support = M/P = 81.22x106 /786x103 = 103.3mm
Total prestressing force required for 20m span
Therefore eccentricity of the cable at support = 103.3-
=786x20=15720KN
(h/6) =70mm
Number of cables = 15720/353.4=45
At mid span= M/P = 69.x106 /786x103 = 88.6mm
Spacing of cable= 20x103/45 = 440mm
3
Provide 12 wires of 5mm diameter cables at 440mm
centre to centre at an eccentricity of 55mm at centre
and concentric at external support and at an
eccentricity of 70mm at mid support.
2.7 Check for limit state of collapse
Referring IS1343-1980 appendix B table 11
M= fpu Ap (d-0.42Xu)
Apfp/bdfck =534.8x1500/(1000x170x40)=0.117
fpu/0.87fp =1 fpu=1305N/mm2
workflow.Applications that can be accessed from
Workbench include: ANSYS DesignModeler (for
geometry creation); ANSYS Meshing (for mesh
generation); ANSYS Polyflow (for setting up and
solving computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
simulations, where viscous and viscoelastic flows
play an important role); and ANSYS CFD-Post (for
postprocessing the results). In Workbench, a project
is composed of a group of systems.
3.1 Bending moment

xu/d=0.2823 xu=48mm Ansys slab analysis gives the following Bending

stress in the centre span and support section.
M=1305x534.8x(170-0.42x50)

M=104.576 KN-m > 81.22 KN-m hence safe. Centre of span= 9.90Mpa

2.8 check for deflection Support section=12.819 Mpa

Using relation M/I=f/y
Deflection at centre of the span due to dead and live load
= 5wl4/384EI Moment at centre span= (I/y)*f =
(6.66*10^6)9.9=66 KN
I=6.66x108 mm4, Ec=5000√40 =31622 Mpa
Moment at support section= (I/y)*f =
W=8.8Kn/m
(6.66*10^6)12.819=85.37 KN
=17.21mm downward

Deflection due to prestressing force =5Pel2/48EI

Prestressing force per metre width of span=803.18 KN

Deflection=12.29 mm Upward

Net deflection at centre of span = 17.21-12.29 =

4.92mm

Deflection limit = span /250 =7500/250=30mm>4.92

Hence safe

2.9 Minimum reinforcement requirement

Span section bottom
According to IS 1343-1980 provide a minimum
longitudinal reinforcement of 0.2% of cross section.

10mm@195mm c/c along shorter and longer

direction.

3. ANALYSIS OF ONE WAY CONTINUOUS SLAB

USING ANSYS SOFTWARE

ANSYS Workbench combines access to ANSYS Support section top

applications with utilities that manage the product
4
 steel. They possess improved resistance to
shearing forces, due to the effect of compressive
3.2 Deflection prestress, which reduces the principles tensile
Deflection calculated in Ansys software is stress
 Prestressing of concrete helps in improving the
shown below ability of the material for energy absorption
under impact loads. The economy of prestressed
concrete is well established for long span
structures. Standardized precast bridge beams
between 10m and 30 m long and precast
prestressed piles have proved to be more
economical than steel and reinforced concrete.
 Due to utilization of concrete in the tension zone,
an extra saving of 15 to 30% in concrete is
possible in comparison with reinforced concrete
 Analysis of one way slab using Ansys software
gives accurate results as compared to hand
Ansys calculates the Net deflection as 4.98 mm computations.

downwards at the mid span section.

5. REFERENCE
1 “Post-Tensioned Concrete Long-Span Slabs in
3.3 Comparison of manual calculation and Ansys Projects of Modern Building Construction”,
Rafal Szydlowski and Barbara Labuzek 2017
results
IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 245022065.

Parameters Manual Ansys result 2 “Detailing of post-tensioning”, D M. Rogowsky

calculation et.al vsl international ltd Bern, Switzerland

3 Ellobody, Ehab & Bailey, Colin. (2008).

Bending Mid 69.66 66
“Behaviour of Unbonded Post-Tensioned
moment span One-way Concrete Slabs”. Advances in
(knm) support 89.22 85.37 Structural Engineering - ADV STRUCT ENG.
11. 107-120. 10.1260/136943308784069504.
Deflection(mm) 4.92 4.98
4 Aalami, B. O., and Jurgens, J. D. (2003),
“Guidelines for the Design of Post-Tensioned
By above table of comparison it can be noted that Floors,”

manual calculations are similar to Ansys results. 5 “Prestressed concrete” by N krishnaraju, Fourth
edition, Tata McGraw-hill publishing company
limited.
4. CONCLUSION
 RC slab requires more cross sectional dimension
compared to PT slab
 Moment carrying capacity of post tensioned slab
is more for less cross section compared to
reinforced concrete slab
 Prestressed concrete offers great technical
advantages in comparison with other forms of
construction such as reinforced concrete and