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CHAPTER I

Introduction

Health is a fundamental aspect of quality of life, not only because being free from

illness or injury directly affects our capacity to enjoy life, but also because health

indirectly affects our capacity to produce and consume other valuable goods and services

(Ospina & Roser, 2011). Maslow 1943, considered physiological needs primarily human

survival needs such as healthcare as the top priority and the most important need of

humankind that should be met and should be addressed. And most developed societies in

the 21st century recognize the existence of a basic right to healthcare access, considering

it a positive welfare right (Daniels 1998).

This is closely related to the report revealed by the World Bank and World Health

Organization (2017), half the world lacks access to essential health services and more

than 100 million people are still pushed into extreme poverty because of health expenses.

At least half of the world's population cannot obtain essential health services and most of

them are coming from third world countries, i.e., countries with economic instability and

also with high mortality rate specifically infant mortality rate. This was further supported

by a study which revealed that half of the world’s 7.3 billion people do not have full

coverage of essential health services. Healthcare coverage has been increasing at an

unacceptably slow rate of just over 1% a year (Yanni, 2017).

In the Philippines, The Department of Health (DoH) lists 1,071 licensed private

hospitals, and 721 public hospitals. 70 out of 721 is directly supervised by the DoH

while the local government units and other state-run agencies manage the rest of the
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public hospitals. Most hospitals provide efficient and affordable health services (THE

MANILA TIMES, 2018). Facilities, however, are pale in comparison with those in high-

end health institutions abroad. In comparison, private hospitals in the country have better

technical facilities than the public hospitals. Private hospitals thus assure patients of

higher quality service than public hospitals can provide. On the negative mark, third

world countries just like the Philippines, people always prefer to go to public hospitals

because they consider their capability to pay for every excess bills when they go to

private hospitals which is relatively expensive compared to public hospitals.

In the locality, giving healthcare service in almost 174,942 residents which

comprises of 64.9% aging from 15-64 years old, 30.6% aging from 0-14 years old and

almost 5% above 65 years old, with 4 hospitals that cater only 445 total numbers of beds

is a serious concern. Number of beds and medical practitioners are completely

inadequate. This led to the rise of patients that could not get adequate healthcare services

which sometimes also resulted to the rise of the mortality rate in the City of Koronadal.

Furthermore, according to Cabrido (2018), the Provincial Hospital of South

Cotabato is only authorized for 200 patients’ occupancy, but despite of that, recently as of

January 2018, it has reached almost 19,000 admissions with an average of 245 incoming

patients per day mostly from the City of Koronadal and neighbouring municipalities.

Notwithstanding that, though there are three (3) more hospitals in the city, many of the

patients prefer just to stay in their own respective houses and take self-medication

without the doctor’s prescription because of their incapability to pay for these three (3)

remaining private hospitals.

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On the other hand, report revealed that most patients are expectant mothers who

some have complications on delivery. Pneumonia, diarrhea, blood complications, and

other diseases of the urinary system were also in the top 10 leading causes of admission,

plus the death rate at 1.56 percent.

On the positive mark, Conrado Brana (2016), stated that the South Cotabato

Provincial Hospital are also open to listen for the clamour of the patients and are doing

their best to address this through providing the best quality of services. However, they are

also asking for the understanding from the public due to the limited budget of the

government. And in order to address this phenomenon, the conduct of medical missions

by the Office of the City Mayor in partnership with the City Health Office-City of

Koronadal to those affected community is believed to be the solution to reduce the

recorded mortality rates.

Hence, the unending needs and wants of the society specifically on the health care

system give rise to the so called medical mission- a well-established means of providing

health care to the developing world especially to those who were belonged to the third-

world countries, to those community facing poverty and scarcity (BioMed Central, 2008).

This research attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of conducting medical

mission in the City of Koronadal by the office of the city mayor as a response to the

global needs in healthcare services and also to evaluate the said program in reducing the

mortality rate of the city.

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Statement of the Problem

Health is considered to be one of the fundamental aspects in life but

unfortunately, not everyone who seeks medical attention has been given a chance to be

hospitalized or treated in a medical facility. In order to address this phenomenon, the

conduct of medical missions to those affected areas is believed to be the solution to

reduce the recorded mortality rate. These findings led the researchers to evaluate the

effectiveness of the conduct of medical mission in reducing the mortality rate in the City

of Koronadal by evaluating the mortality rate eight years prior and eight years after the

implementation. Specifically in answering this question, “how effective is the medical

mission in reducing the mortality rate in the City of Koronadal?”

Hypothesis

Ho: There is a significant difference in the conduct of medical mission in reducing the

mortality rate in the City of Koronadal.

Ha: There is no significant difference in the conduct of medical mission in reducing the

mortality rate in the City of Koronadal.

Objectives of the Study

This study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of the medical

mission by the local government unit of the City of Koronadal.

Specifically, this study aims to:

a. describe how the program is contextualized in terms of:

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a.1 medical mission programs and services offered in the City of

Koronadal

a.2 target beneficiaries of medical missions

a.3 frequency of delivery of medical missions;

b. describe the experiences of the beneficiaries: and

c. determine the effectiveness of medical missions in reducing the mortality rate

in the City of Koronadal.

Conceptual Framework

Figure 1 below presents the variables in this study namely, medical mission which

refers to the program implemented and headed by the office of the mayor in order to

provide and enhance the healthcare status of the residents in the City of Koronadal. It is

used to define as the independent variable that indicates the actual intervention done by

the city government that will also serve as the basis of conducting this study. On the other

way, mortality rate is used in order to address question such as the effectiveness of

medical mission in lowering the number of death and issues regarding the health status.

It is defined as the independent variable as it relies on intervention done by city

government that indicates the rate of its effectiveness.

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework

Medical Mission Mortality Rate

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Theoretical Framework

This study utilized the Theory of Human Caring and Field Theory. These theories

helped in understanding the phenomenon of the research.

The first theory used in this research study is the theory of human caring. Through

the use of this theory, the researchers will be able to explain the impact of medical

missions that includes volunteers to patients that creates change.

More patients are able to heal from within through the participation of nurses and

volunteers in events who have actively engaged themselves in caring patients Clark Cited

from Watson (1997). The core of the theory of human caring is that humans are not

objects that cannot be separated from nature, others and most especially self. This focuses

on the caring-to-caring transpersonal relationship and its potential to heal both the one

who is caring and being cared. There are carrative factors upon building the structure for

the science of caring, in order to care people needs to practice on loving kindness to

others and most especially the self, that creates a ripple effect that inspires others to have

hope and faith. Nurtures the helping, trusting and caring relationship that makes accept

negative and positive events and feelings that deepen the way the patient scientifically

choose the method of solving for the problem. It balances the needs and it creates a

healing environment not only the physical but also the spiritual self that ministers the

basic physical, emotional and spiritual human needs.

This theory shows that medical missions are only one of the programs that the

government is implementing that helps improve the health of the patients to be in their

best position, through the involvement of caring that does not only regenerate life
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energies but also it increase the capabilities of the patients mentioned by Red Lands

Community Hospital (2018). In addition, transpersonal psychology originated by

Bugental, Maslow, May, Moustaka, Mahrer, and Rogers (1960s) cited by Clark that

became the basis for the theory of human caring. It is a transpersonal caring-healing

moment that they become aware of one’s identity. Moslow proposed that human beings

can be at their greatest potential or also as self-actualization as when the patients can feel

the love, care, being able to recognize and appreciated that is mostly seen in medical

missions especially for the senior citizens it gives the patients more energy that moves

them up to the hierarchy of self-actualization.

The second theory anchored to this study is the field theory. Psychologist Kurt Lewin

cited from Gawlick (2018) studies the behaviour that explains if there is no changes in

the fields, there will be also no changes in the behaviour. Lewin used three variables in

order to explain his idea, the energy that leads people to action, the tension that pushes

your intentions from the current state to the persons goal, and lastly the need, it starts the

motivation tension to change and shall be able to satisfy its need. To understand more, an

example of a need is a need for recognition. As the person wants to be recognized the

motivation in them awakens that will give a positive attitude to act the goal. While for

patients they have the needs for healing, the medical mission awakens their tension

between their current situation and their goals. This motivation will create a positive

charge and will give them energy to act and to achieve their goal of healing.

Moreover, Field theory shows that programs create change as patients find its way of

learning about the group behaviour in a setting. It analyses that an individual’s behaviour

is affected by the group environment, wherein patients in a health program particularly in

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medical missions exerts positive attitude as the behaviour of the group of people in

environment creates a tension that affects changes, not only to the emotional but also

through their physical aspects.

Definition of Terms

To facilitate the understanding of the concepts used in this study, important terms

used are herein operationally defined.

Beneficiaries. It refers to the people who will be benefited of certain programs

and services rendered. In this study the beneficiaries might pertain to the people who

accept services offered by the medical mission program.

Effectiveness of medical mission. It is use to determine the value of medical

missions, utilizing servant leadership skills, visions and sustainability of medical

missions. In this study, it is defined as the purpose of conducting the research in which to

determine the possible outcome of the medical mission of how it became beneficial for

the people within the city of Koronadal.

Frequency. It is used to determine the ranking, promptness of every given data

and the number of respondents or participants in a given study. In this study, frequency

refers to the number of time or occurrences medical mission is conducted at a given time

Medical Mission. It refers to the well-established means of providing healthcare to

the developing world. In this study, medical mission refers to the program implemented

in order to provide and enhance the healthcare status of the residents of the City of

Koronadal and as well in lowering the mortality rate.

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Mortality Rate. It is used to determine the number of deaths in a given period of

time, or from particular causes. In this study, the mortality rate is used in order to know

the effectiveness of medical missions in lowering the number of death and issues

regarding the health status.

Program and Services. It refers to the events given by the high glassed mark by

using other useful things in the study. It may refer to the activities included in the medical

mission (e.g. dental, oral, and surgical programs and services)

Significance of the Study

The findings of the study will benefit government agencies, nongovernment

agencies, medical practitioners, local community/ residents, and future researchers.

Government Agencies. Government agencies such as Department of Health,

Department of Social Welfare and Development, etc. might find this research useful in

order to identify and fill in the gaps of medical missions to improve and develop its

actions. They may also identify the significance of conducting medical missions.

Nongovernment Agencies. By this research, the sense of volunteerism in medical

missions conducted by the nongovernment agencies will develop and improve. Also, they

can provide solutions and interventions for the identified problems.

Medical Practitioners. Workers and practitioners in the field of medicine can

create and provide intervention in the identified or evaluated problems in the study and

improve the conduct of medical missions.

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Local Community/ Residents. Residents of different medical missions will benefit

from it by knowing whether medical missions or specific medical missions are mostly

effective or ineffective before engaging in such programs.

Future Researchers. This evaluative research may be used by other and future

researchers in order to gather data, and also for future resources.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study evaluated the effectiveness of the medical mission program of the city

health office and local government unit of the City of Koronadal. In order to obtain the

objectives on the conduct of the study, quantitative data evaluated are all secondary data

that were gathered from the city health office, meanwhile qualitative data are derived

from those involved in the conduct of the program.

Medical mission conducted outside the City of Koronadal is not included in the

evaluation; thus, this study is intended only in evaluating the data aggregated from the 27

barangays located around the City of Koronadal, and considered it as the another

limitation in the conduct of the on the study.

Additionally, this study includes numerical data which are statistically analysed

and the results provide answers to the aforementioned questions and objectives. In

addition, an inclusion of supporting narratives is also applied in the study. Hence, this

evaluative study deals with a mixed-method approach.

Lastly, due to the lacking amount of researches with link to the evaluation of

medical mission program found in the local scale, the inclusion of local study in this

research is limited to few. However, the availability of studies relating to medical mission
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assessment from the larger scale such as foreign studies were gathered and reviewed.

Thus, in this study, the support and justification contributed by recent and past studies

retrieved from the foreign researches and resources are being used more and

acknowledged and as well as the studies found in the local scale.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the previous studies related to the problem being presented

in this.

Related Literature

This section includes the discussion of the medical missions, medical needs, and

medical missions in the local government, population health, mortality, and mortality

rate. It explains relevant concepts, theories, and academic and medical discourses in order

to indicate the chosen research.

Medical Missions

Medical missions are very rewarding to those professionals in the field of

medicine like medical and health care providers because they are given a chance to be of

great use to underprivileged communities. Apart from gaining a hands-on experience,

medical and health care professionals, providers and also volunteers get to work outside

of their comfort zone and see the world in a new light. Helping those who are in the

social margins, those who cannot afford and to those who were considered victims of

poverty (Leon, 2017).

According to the study conducted by Nijssen and Jordan 2007, illnesses could be

prevented if detected earlier by the health care professionals, but as people have little

access to health care, illnesses arise and also become more severe and difficult to treat.

Simply responding to the needs of the patient, while reducing individual suffering, does
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not address the health needs of the community as a whole. Controlling diseases, i.e., safe

water, immunization, insecticide-treated bed nets for malaria, prevention of mother-to-

child transmission of HIV can, more likely, reduce the burden of spreading diseases in a

community. However, often due to scant financial and human resources locally and a

lack of interest in delivering preventative programs by foreign, visiting short-term

medical mission volunteers – missions are left treating illnesses rather than preventing

them. This is why medical missions should be conducted with great efforts and passion

because medical missions are not just to document the ongoing activity but to help

individuals on the edge of the rapidly growing and modern society.

A study of Naujokas in 2013, assessed the need for clinical and anatomic

pathology services in international medical missions by conducting an online survey.

Twenty- one health care providers who served fifty medical missions were assessed

through a thirty- five- question survey that aimed to a.) Understand the current use and

availability of routine laboratory tests during Short-Term Medical Missions (STMMs),

b.) Identify the need for particular tests that would improve quality of care, and c.)

Determine the perceived obstacles preventing the delivery of the care to underserved

communities worldwide. It was concluded in the study that there is a need for improved

pathology sustainability during STMMs. It was perceived that the lack of precise

diagnosis and disease monitoring has a negative effect on the quality of care provided

during missions and the ability to enhance global health.

The Philippines, like any other enhancing countries, suffers from several of

diseases due to poor hygiene and sanitation brought about by poor awareness programs.

This is one of the main public health issues that the Philippines needs to face and come
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up with solutions for – or at-least preventions. Letting the people be cautious that there is

hope is a great venture, but there is no other way but to begin in ones’ own self and

surroundings.

According to Agbon (2015), hospitals also became a revenue center for provincial

governments. South Cotabato built a three-story, 25-room Pay Wing Hospital, complete

with modern equipment, such as portable and mounted X-ray machines, platelet agitator,

ultrasound and ECG machines, electro-surgical units, and infant incubators. The

emergency room was also enlarging and the ICU equipment beefed up. More computers

were produced to facilitate recording and processing of bills. LGUs focused their

resources on making health services accessible to their constituents, particularly to

indigents, and on maintaining and upgrading of facilities. The LGUs have realized the

need for a more integrated delivery of services, as well as the importance of having peace

and security, to ensure their development. Sarangani’s Health for Peace and Development

Program thus targets remote and conflict-vulnerable areas for its converged services on

health care. The program delivers promote- preventive health care to these communities,

initially in 35 barangays. Today, 18,084 people in 55 barangays have been able to benefit

of medical services and 2,387 of dental services. South Cotabato had a similar initiative,

converging health and other social services, which is actually the function of the

Development Assistance Framework (DAF).

Additionally, medical missions focused on assessing the medical needs of the

population encountered and providing medical opinions/ consultation, medications and

surgeries. These missions are necessary due to a lack of sustainability principles and

limited capacity building opportunities and institutional development in developing

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nations. These missions have led to increased volunteerism of highly skilled medical

practitioners from the diaspora collaborating with medical professionals based in the

local communities where these missions occur.

According to Paredes, T. & Medina, D. (2017), the mission was an instrument to

reach out the less privileged residents of their city and an effective tool to bring joy to the

people. Volunteer doctors, nurses and technical staff from General Emilio Aguinaldo

Memorial Hospital, doctors and dentists from Philippine Air force 15th Strike Wing,

Philippine Naval Installation Command, Phil. Coast Guard Auxiliary 125th Squadron and

City Health Office of Cavite City rendered free check-ups and consultations to 757

constituents comprised of 253 adults, 233 children and 216 senior citizens, while 55

dental patients received free tooth extraction. Free medicines were also given away

during the mission. Flyers and brochures on rabies awareness were also distributed

during the event to inform the public on rabies prevention and control. The medical

mission was likewise supported by the barangay health workers, barangay nutrition

scholars, volunteers from San Roque Parish, and employees from the provincial

government.

For example, the Philippine Medical Society of Northern California also known

as PMSNC, is one of the largest medical missions journeying in the selected rural areas

of the Philippines. It assists indigenous people that have a limited and even no access to

hospitals and medical cares. PMSNC depends mostly on volunteers coming from private

individuals, private and public hospitals and pharmaceutical companies stated by

Delacruz (2019). Most Filipino volunteers are typically enrolled at the University of

California that are physicians, surgeons, dentists, nurses and support personnel.
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In addition, according to DeGuzman (2015) cited by Delacruz, volunteers of Mission

Possible decided to go to Bohol, Philippines for they had greatest need of support. The

province has been struck by a 7.2 earthquake that destroyed and damaged several homes,

buildings and commercial buildings including 24 churches. The medical team has started

preparing for their 10-day mission with an estimate of 5,000-9,000 patients. The PMSNC

indicated that 7,600 patients were served by the volunteers not including students and

faculty who conducted health education talks that also included group lecture on Filipino

Diet to control weight to stop smoking for achievement of a healthier lifestyle.

Community Outreach Program of the Provincial Government of South Cotabato

known as the Purple Heart Mission according to Fruto (2015) has been implemented

under the leadership and with the initiative of Gov. Daisy Avance Fuentes. It aims to help

the poor residents in the province specifically at Brgy. New Esperanza, City of

Koronadal. Funds for this program, at the same time, had been augmented to cater the

needs of the community. It was also among the gateways for the different barangays

most especially at the far flung areas to benefit a free service given by the Provincial

Government, such as the Dental and Medical Services, Circumcision, Umbrella and Shoe

repair, Livelihood Programs, Free Seedlings, Animal Deworming, Haircut, Massage and

a lot more. With the theme “Gugma Kag Serbisyo Para Sa Tanan”, it improves the

general health of the community members and at the same time enhances the lives of the

poor residents of the province.

Furthermore, the Ligtas Tigdas Measles-Rubella Supplemental Immunization

Activity also known as MR SIA is a strategy to control the spread of measles by the

Department of Health - Center for Health Development XII. It has been implemented
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among infants and children ranges 6-59 months through a free vaccination held at the

Family Country Hotel, General Santos City according to Capuyan (2018). The

Department of Health has given its support to the City of General Santos City for its

technical assistance on health programs to enhance Human Resource for Health and

HFEP projects. 767 suspected measles cases were suspected base on the department’s

data of Region XII, and there were 110 confirmed cases with 9 deaths and reported to be

unvaccinated. In addition, the data from the Epidemiology Bureau (EB) showed 1,043

were confirmed with a total of 16 deaths out of the 6,497 measles cases reported

nationwide. In order to address the increasing measles transmission, a National Measles

Supplemental Immunization Activity known as SIA will be conducted. Success of this

activity will benefit the community, most especially the creation of a herd immunity

community which may prevent highly infectious measles disease from any further

transmission.

Medical Needs

According to Fleming & Reed (2014), local health departments are the only

health care entities responsible for protecting and promoting the health of every resident

of the county (or counties). Health departments fulfil that responsibility in a variety of

ways — by ensuring that all restaurants and temporary food establishments meet

standards that prevent foodborne illness; by monitoring communicable diseases and

working to assure that people with those diseases receive treatment and follow

appropriate control measures, so that they do not expose or infect others; and by

providing immunizations that prevent communicable diseases. Over the past few years,

local health departments have also worked with other partners and with county
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commissioners to implement policies restricting smoking on college campuses and in

government buildings and other locations, to prevent exposure to second-hand smoke,

and they have established safe drop-off locations for unused prescription medications to

help prevent unintended deaths from opioid overdoses.

Furthermore, another way of improving population health is to find ways to

increase access to health care in a community. Addressing this priority often involves

finding creative ways to attract additional dentists, primary care providers, or specialists

to a community. Previous research has shown that the convenience of health care services

and people’s perceptions of their access to care affect their utilization of health care

(Fleming & Reed, 2014).

Medical Missions in the Local Communities

Healthcare accessibility in the country differs in every places. Some have

immediate access, but there are also distant places where people would really need to

travel miles walking just to arrive at a health facility or nearest hospital. In some distant

mountain provinces, 6-hour travel by bus is indispensable to reach a general hospital. But

whether people are coming from the city or from the province, financial problem is still

the prevailing issue that most people are facing. They must have to pay for their check-

ups, for hospitals and for doctors. Often, parents do not have enough money for a

routinely check-ups, even for minor injuries and much more for major injuries. While

when heath care providers do medical mission, they see hundreds of patients in a day and

they provide medication prescribed by doctors for the recovery of the sick and as well as

vitamins for the general well-being of patients (Medical Missions, 2015).

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One of the latest medical mission was in Botolan, Zambales, after the typhoon hit

the Philippines in 2009, over 900 casualties have been reported due to the horrible floods,

landslides, and destruction. But rescue and restoration was made possible through the

collaboration of the medical mission ministry, the local health authorities and the some

religious institution in the community. The medical ministry provided medicines and

gathered doctors who were willing to help. It took them 3 hours to arrive in the location

as the road were greatly damaged. Over 300 people were there and the medical ministry

offered check-ups, medicines, minor surgeries and vitamins. They have also performed a

dance number, puppet show and mascot appearances that made people smile despite

distress. The most unforgettable part was when the medical doctors have been able to

make used of the church as their minor surgical room and they have removed cysts from

the backs of their two patients. The local pastors also continued to assist the ministry in

offering help to the people and in the months that followed, they keep their partnership in

rebuilding their community (Medical Missions, 2015).

Another was in Tondo, Manila. The article “Medical Mission a Service to

Humanity” ( 2016), stated that there were more than 500 patients that have given free

medical examination, medicines, dental check-up , pediatric check-up, reading glass, x-

ray, pap smear and electrocardiogram at the Don Bosco Technical and Vocational

Education and Training (TVET) Center in collaboration with the Rotary China Town-

Manila and the Federation of the Filipino-Chinese Chambers of Commerce and Industry

Inc. and as well as the local government on the 23rd day of October 2016 at the

gymnasium of Mazzarello in Don Bosco TVET Center- Tondo. It was organized and

managed in giving service to the humanity. They have also prepared coloring materials
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for kids, they also taught the kids on the proper hand washing and brushing of teeth, and

medicines were also distributed to all beneficiaries of Tondo. The medical mission that

have been conducted was supported by the doctors specifically physicians, dentists,

optometrists, there were also nurses, radiologists that came from the Justice Jose Abad

Santos Mother and Child Hospital. There were also Barangay that offered their support

by providing tents. There were also volunteer students that came from Jose Abad Santos

High School.

While on the same way, the article “Medical Volunteer Program” have mentioned

that the rural medical volunteer program opportunity in the country is focused on

providing free medical aid for the local communities and also to earn perspective on the

current situation of the healthcare in the Philippines. Behind the project were the

Volunteering Solutions (VolSol) volunteers that had the opportunity to work in under-

funded medical facilities or clinics that were based outside the Tacloban City specifically

in some rural areas. These are the shortage of manpower and skilled hands that can help

to work in the rural clinics. The volunteers were also required to help the assigned staffs

the clinics and also the doctors that conducted medical care services. The people who

volunteered to help could make a significant change or impact in every lives of the locals

through extending help at the medical facilities and providing free health services. On the

other positive side, those people who volunteered have challenged themselves through

pushing their own capabilities beyond their limits and they have also discovering

practical hands on learnings while at it. This is one of the most special opportunity for

people to volunteer in a medical mission in some rural areas where volunteers also get

involved themselves with medical health activities that include Yearly Medical Mission
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or Yearly Medical Check-up for both children and parents that were enrolled under some

social development activities in the community.

Population Health

According to The King’s Fund (2017), on an online article entitled “Improving

Population Health”, the defined population health as the health outcomes of a defined

group of people, as well as the distribution of health outcomes within the group. This

means that health equity – the avoidable differences in health between different parts of

the population – is a core part of understanding population health. The health of a

population is influenced by a wide range of factors and the interactions between them.

They include the local environment – such as the conditions in which people live and

work; social and economic factors – like education, income and employment; lifestyles –

including what people eat and drink, whether they smoke, and how much physical

activity they do; and access to health care and other public and private services. Age, sex

and genes make a difference to health too, as well as social networks and the wider

society in which people live.

The King’s Fund (2017), added that health care services play an important role in

keeping people healthy – particularly when they become ill – estimates suggest that wider

social, economic and environmental factors play a greater role. Failure to address these

non-medical factors can increase use of health services. On the flipside, investment in

services to address the wider influences on health can, in some cases, reduce the burden

on the National Health Service and provide returns on investment to society. It is

important to note, however, that investing in preventing ill-health is fundamentally about

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improving people’s lives rather than producing financial savings or reducing health care

demand. In fact, successful prevention that means people live longer can lead to greater

care needs in the long term. Other terms, like population health management or

population health care, are sometimes used interchangeably with population health.

While the meanings of these terms aren’t fixed, they are typically used to refer to a

narrower definition of population health than the one we have described above – focusing

more heavily on medical services and particular groups of patients. Another closely

related term is public health, which refers to the organized efforts of society to promote

and protect people’s health and wellbeing, and to prevent ill-health.

In addition, improving population health is not a simple task. The complex range

of influences on health means that many different interventions and approaches are

needed. This ranges from decisions about taxation, public spending and legislation at a

national level, all the way down to the actions of individuals and the support they give to

each other in their communities. (The King’s Fund, 2017)

For the National Health Service- Philippines (2017), in conclusion, explains that

improving population health depends on collective action with different services, sectors,

and community groups – including the ‘assets’ found in local communities (like people’s

time and skills, social networks and physical spaces like schools). Collaboration with

local government is particularly important, given local government’s responsibility for

public health spending and a wider range of services that influence people’s

health. Priority areas for public health spending include giving every child the best start

in life, helping people find good jobs and stay in work, and ensuring that people live in
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warm and safe homes. The National Health Service also has a direct role in identifying

people’s health needs and intervening early to address them. Data about people’s health

can be used to identify groups of the population that would benefit from different types of

support (an approach sometimes called population segmentation). Some population

groups – such as people with long-term conditions, like heart disease or diabetes –

require more intensive support than others to stay healthy and maintain independence.

Mortality

Mortality data indicate numbers of deaths by place, time and cause. World Health

Organization’s (WHO) mortality data reflect deaths registered by national civil

registration systems of deaths, with the underlying cause of death coded by the national

authority. Underlying cause of death is defined as “the disease or injury which initiated

the train of morbid events leading directly to death, or the circumstances of the accident

or violence which produced the fatal injury”, in compliance with the rules of the

International Classification of Diseases, this is according to the World Health

Organization (n.d.).

Safe motherhood and child survival have always been a concern for the policy-

makers but perinatal mortality, especially stillbirths, have not received due attention.

National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) initiated affordable and quality healthcare to

poorest households in the remotest regions in India considering that they have the

capability to lessen death rates. According to Gupta, M., Kaur, R., Kumar, R.,& Singh,

S.K. (May, 2012), the health mission that conducted by National Rural Health Mission

(NRHM) have paved the way for increased utilization of health institutions for child birth
 24

and concluded that advancement in institutional care could lead to a decrease in the

perinatal mortality. Providing essential care in the hospitals and health centers must be

developed for assessing the right to health as an guarantee by the state not only for those

who are alive at birth but also to those who die before birth.

Mortality Rate

Mortality rate is the number of deaths during a particular period of time among a

particular type or group of people. Universal Health Coverage (UHC) has been embraced

by global organizations such as World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Bank

as a means to improve health and reduce the financial burden from receiving care. UHC

is a central plank of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the ambitious new

development targets that were signed by 193 UN member states to improve health and

development by 2030. Although financing and implementation of UHC will differ by

country, the common definition is the ability of all people to obtain good-quality services

when they need them without facing financial hardship. Moreover, supporters of UHC

have promoted it as a means for improving population health. These supporters theorized

that expanding health insurance would promote the utilization of health services that

reduce mortality and morbidity. However, although insurance generally increases use of

services, evidence on mortality reductions is mixed. Escobar and colleagues found that

health insurance was associated with improved health status in only three of nine studies

in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs; from Vietnam, China, and Brazil).

In the USA, coverage has been associated with better self-reported health status and in

one recent study, with reduced mortality. The lack of consistent evidence on health
 25

benefits from insurance coverage might be in part due to methodological challenges

because mortality is multifactorial and subject to factors outside of health care; people

purchasing insurance are more unwell on average, and deaths are relatively rare and

require large studies to measure their prevalence. However, insurance expansion might

also be unsuccessful in improving outcomes if no effective treatment is available for a

given condition or if quality of care is poor (Danaei, et al., 2018).

For example, in low-income countries, evidence is emerging that expanding

health care coverage does not necessarily result in better outcomes, even for conditions

highly amenable to medical care. A large program called Janani Suraksha Yojana, that

was set up 13 years ago in India, has provided cash incentives for women to deliver their

children in health facilities and has increased coverage of facility birth for more than 50

million women, but these incentives have not improved maternal or new born survival.

Many of the births in this program occurred in primary care centers that did not have

sufficiently skilled staff to address maternal and new-born complications. Similarly, low

quality of care for mothers and children has been documented in primary care facilities in

Africa and in India. Researchers have also found large deficiencies in quality of hospital

care for surgical conditions, obstetric care, and care of tuberculosis, whereas other studies

have shown large differences between treatment and successful control of blood pressure.

Furthermore, in an article of Danaei, et al., (2018), South Asia had the greatest

mortality due to use of poor-quality health care at 1·9 million deaths (39% of global

poor-quality service access mortality). In the Philippines, more than five people die for

every one thousand populations in 2013. This is equivalent to 531,280 registered deaths

from all causes and all ages. Of these deaths, 57 percent or 304,516 were males and 43
 26

percent or 226,764 were females. For every 100 female deaths, there correspond 134

male deaths and which constituted to a death sex ratio of 1.34. It is consistent that

numbers of male deaths are greater than female deaths. Consequently, males always have

higher death rate than females. Reports also showed that the highest occurrences of

deaths were among the elderly persons, 70 years and over. It comprised more than 38

percent of total deaths with 202,564 cases. However, death occurrence was least among

age group 10-14 years with 0.9 percent. Deaths among under 1-year-old is more than

twice (21,992 or 4.1%) the number of deaths in ages 1-4 years (9,526 or 1.8%) The

number of deaths increase as the people get older. Statistics show that the risk of dying is

directly proportional to age, starting with age 10 and up. As of 2017, the leading causes

of death are diseases of the heart, diseases of the vascular system, pneumonias, malignant

neoplasms/cancers, all forms of tuberculosis, accidents, Chronic obstructive pulmonary

disease (COPD) and allied conditions, diabetes mellitus, nephritis/nephritic syndrome

and other diseases of respiratory system. Among these diseases, six are non-

communicable and four are the major Non-Convertible Debentures (NCD) such as

cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cancers, COPD, and diabetes mellitus.

Related Studies

This portion includes the discussion of related studies that includes: project

development, needs assessment, project evaluation, and case impact study in which

enable to help the researchers in conceptualizing the research.

Project Development

The human minds in this generation are preoccupied with lot of standards, mental

image and ideas of the attainment and life-quality improvement. Schumpeler (2005)
 27

stated that the countries development alters from a simple to more complex one-

dimensional concept, wherein it shows that because of the development people tend to

create more ideas to improve the life-quality just like medical missions.

However, the progress of the development also depends on various conditions; for

instance, rural areas where the Department of Health conducts medical missions do not

have the great amount of facilities and materials which have imperative role that can

improve the life-quality. Thus, Medical mission should have a project development that

requires systematic planning and policy making to keep the order.

Needs Assessment

Further, Medical Mission’s objective to help the needy creates avenue to change

one’s life. Knowing the effectiveness of the Medical Mission is also important; hence, a

study participated by surveying physicians identifying areas of improvement and

assessing the overall impact was conducted by Alghpothani, N., Alghothani, Y.,

&Altassi, B. (2012) in order to assess a short-term medical mission to the Syrian refugee

camps in Hatay. In the anonymous 8-question survey, eighteen (18) of 25 surveys were

completed, for 72% responses of those responding, 13 were males (72.2%) and five were

females (27.8%). The study ended with the conclusion that a structured humanitarian

medical mission is as essential component of global health care, and culturally-tailored

short-term medical mission described may bring a long lasting effects to the traumatized

population.

Prior to the conduct of the Medical Mission, the needs of the community must be

determined to produce a benchmark data for the program to be conducted. In relation to

 28

this, there was a the study entitled “Using Community-based Assessment To Strengthen

Non-profit Government Collaboration And Service Delivery’’ which aimed to determine

the social needs and the gaps that exist in service; and through this study, it was found out

that there are four primary needs that should be given attention namely: dental care,

medical coverage assistance, rental and mortage assistance. This study also suggests that

in order to provide intervention to these problems, there must be a good planning and

well conducted programs that must go along with the continuous process of giving

service.

Another important matter is the consideration of the geographic placement of

services within the community. It must also be strategically planned by various sectors

accomplishing the project. Hence, determining the needs of the community plays

significant role in determining the kind and intensity of a program to offer. In this sense,

evaluating such programs using these target data will give the researchers much more

knowledge and contribute to the accurateness of the said evaluation.

Project Evaluation

For most of the people, it is an ordinary thing to go to the doctor when sick, but

for some, it is something that can easily be taken for granted. Sadly, for approximately

billion people around the world, according to the World Health Organization, access to

lifesaving medicine is not even an option. Hence, it is considered as the greatest tragedy

that millions needlessly suffer and even die from illnesses despite the fact that it can

easily be avoided. Meanwhile on the positive side, through the emergence of medical

mission visiting underserved communities or localities with limited access to health care,
 29

and providing these communities with medical assistance, the aforementioned tragedy

could be essentially avoided as Manalac (2016) has stated.

Case Impact Studies

In the conduct of Medical Mission, the participants are composed of individuals

in a community who have different health concerns. The case study conducted by

Benjamin et al. in 1998 deals with the health condition involving the atrial fibliration

which causes substantial morbidity. The study was participated by men and women

across a wide range of ages from 55- 94 years of age in the US. It was found out that the

risk of mortality conferred by atrial fibliration did not significantly vary by age. Hence,

the study conducted stated that atrial fibliration diminished the female advantage in

survival. Thus, in the study it was revealed that death rate of women is higher than the

man, supported by an overall average of 1.9 death in women meanwhile, 1.5 in men.

Therefore, the results of the study raised an important awareness of what are the needs to

be addressed by people and in which facets should be focusing in order to attain a good

impact provided by the implemented programs and services offered by the Medical

Mission.

On the whole, the conceptual background that is included in this study gives an

emphasis since these concepts are interrelated to the main topic- medical missions.

Additionally, the related literature of this study depicts the idea of medical mission

programs as avenues of help to those who need medical assistance in different localities.

It also presents the relevance of population health that can be associated with the concept

of conducting medical missions. Furthermore, the following related literatures and studies

present information that contribute relevant knowledge to the researchers hence; these
 30

were used in order to enrich the background of the researchers regarding medical

missions.

Furthermore, in the conduct of literature reviews the researchers found out that some

of the areas encountered by medical mission have lack of facilities and materials. Thus, it

is recommended that a project to be developed should apply a careful planning and a

systematic policy making that could address to those needs.

To emphasise, prior to the conduct of medical mission, it is suggested that the needs

should be identified to gather accurate target data. Furthermore, assessing the needs of

the community takes part in discovering the service or program that will be applied

during medical mission, as well as, it indicates how intensive a program is to be

implemented. Moreover, it can be concluded according to the study by Alghpothani, N.,

Alghothani, Y., & Altassi, B. (2012) that a well-planned medical mission contributes to

global health care and also brings big impact to the population.

In conclusion, conducting a research study on the effectiveness of the previous

medical missions could be a useful paradigm to outline specific programs and services

for a future more enhanced medical missions.

 31

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This section includes the research design, locale of the study and two separate

sections for qualitative and quantitative design.

Research Design

This study used a mixed-method research design, an approach that enables a

policy researcher to understand complex phenomena qualitatively; as well as to explain

the phenomena through numbers, charts, and basic statistical analyses or quantitative

(Cizek, 1999). According to Rossman and Wilson, a multi-method approach to policy

research holds potential in understanding the phenomena of social world. Seeing through

multiple lenses, and using eclectic methodologies will help the researchers execute the

study more accurate and worthwhile.

In this study, the researchers used both qualitative and quantitative design.

Quantitative methods emphasized the statistical, mathematical, or numerical analysis of

data collected through questionnaires, and surveys, or by manipulating pre-existing

statistical data using computational techniques (Babbie, E. R, 2010). On the other hand,

qualitative research focuses on the reports or on data which cannot be sufficiently

expressed statistically. Furthermore, it focuses on the description and interpretation that

leads to the development of concepts or theory or to the evaluation of an organizational

process (Hancock, B., Ocleford, E., & Windridge, K., 2009 as cited by Penol et. al.). The

design was chosen by the researchers to describe and evaluate; specifically and

substantially through the secondary data and personal experiences of the beneficiaries,
 32

also through the use of key informant interview - we can evaluate the effectiveness of

conducting medical missions in reducing the mortality in Koronadal City.

Locale of the Study

This study was conducted in Koronadal city, one of the much known cities in the

province of South Cotabato in Region 12. Being the capital town of South Cotabato, it is

the center of the province in terms of political, cultural and socio-economic activities.

Koronodal City is known for its cultural activities like T’boli arts and crafts

presentations during the events in Koronadal Day. It has a total population of 174,942 as

of 2015 but has 5.5% crude death rate, deaths per 1,000 population as of 2010. Koronadal

city has 27 barangays including Assumption (Bulol), Avanceña (Barrio Tres), Cacub,

Caloocan, Carpenter Hill, Concepcion (Barrio Sais), Esperanza, Mabini, Magsaysay,

Mambucal, Namnama, New Pangasinan (Barrio Kwatro), Paraiso, Rotonda, San Isidro,

San Jose (Barrio Singko), San Roque, Saravia (Barrio Otso), Topland (Barrio Siete),

General Paulino Santos(Barrio Uno), Morales, Santa Cruz, Santo Niño(Barrio Dos), Zone

I (Poblacion Zone 1), Zone II (Poblacion Zone 2), Zone III (Poblacion Zone 3), Zone IV

(Poblacion Zone 4).

Moreover, the city is also known as “Best Performing City” in implementing

health care services and allocating funds for health programs to its residents as of last

year 2018. In terms of health facilities, City of Koronadal, South Cotabato – the

Department of Health – Center for Health and Development (DOH-CHD) XII has chosen

Purok San Miguel and Barangay Paraiso, Koronadal City as the site for the construction

of its new Regional Office building. The city has also different hospitals that cater the

needs of the people in Koronadal which includes the South Cotabato Province Hospital,
 33

Dr. Arturo P. Pingoy Medical Center, the Allah Valley Medical Specialists Center,

SOCOMEDICS Medical Hospitals and Koronadal City Hospital that were also connected

and incorporated with the City Health Office in conducting medical missions all

throughout the city. Figure (2) two below shows the location map of the City of

Koronadal.

Figure 2. Location map City of Koronadal

Quantitative Design

Units of Analysis

The data analysed during the conduct of the study were secondary data from the

people in the major entity who have participated in humanitarian medical missions-that

generally has health-related issues within the area in the City of Koronadal. They were

chosen to be the respondents because they have the qualifications considering that they

have related experiences in the program conducted by City Health Officers and the Local
 34

Government Unit of the City of Koronadal. The secondary mortality rate data that were

used to be reliable and clear came from the records of the City Hall before and after the

start of the medical mission in the City of Koronadal

Data Gathering

To gather data, the researchers wrote a letter to the City Health Office of the City of

Koronadal, signed by the research teacher to allow them to gather secondary data from

the year 2004 to 2007 and 2009 to 2012. After the permission has been granted, the

researchers then accumulated the data that have been checked, tailed, interpreted and

analysed statistically. After all of this has been done this was used for the validity of the

study.

Data Analysis

Quantifiable data that are gathered in this study are secondary data that came from

the City Health Office and Mayor’s Office. These data provided information to the

current records regarding the health related status in Koronadal, prior to and after the

conduct of medical missions. The data after medical missions are analysed by the

researchers to evaluate the effectiveness of the aforesaid mission. Hence, to ensure the

reliability of the result of the study on a very suitable process in analysing the data, the

researchers used the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) which is statistical

tool software that can analyse, decipher, and direct data in a concise and clear manner.

Furthermore, these analysed data are being presented in an ordinal and nominal

measurement and used t-test in order to depict trends and relationships. Also, the

application of graphs, frequency count and percentage were practiced and used by the
 35

researchers and further explained and supplied generalized ideas away from subjective

influences.

Qualitative Design

Participants of the Study

The included participants of the study were the residents of the 27 barangays of

the City of Koronadal, specifically those who joined and considered beneficiaries of the

programs and services brought by the medical missions. The people behind the conduct

of medical missions such as the medical practitioners, and volunteer workers are included

in the study which aims of the researchers to facilitate an elevated understanding upon the

whole process which affects the adequacy and efficacy of the medical mission. However,

the governing body of the city that supervises and monitors the medical mission were

responsible in budgeting, planning, policy and decision-making are being considered as

partaker of this study.

Data Gathering

In this study, the data that were gathered are different narratives supplied by the

participants from the specific barangay that experienced medical missions. The

researchers based on the established criteria took three respondents. Hence, the proper

conduct of collecting data was initiated by providing legal document such as letter signed

and agreed upon by the research teacher. After being approved, the researchers then

wrote a letter addressed to the participants to ask for their consent that permits the

researchers to conduct a discussion with them in connection to the medical missions, and

which enables to support the legality of the study. After the participants responded
 36

positively to the request, the interviews were scheduled in accordance to the availability

and convenience of the included participants.

The interview process involved series of questions in relation to the medical

missions that were addressed by the researchers to the participants. To gather the data

effectively, the researchers listened and recorded the answers of the participants in a Key

Informant Interview manner. Afterwards, the recorded statements from the participants

and the notes written down during the interview were transcribed, and used for the

validity of the study.

Data Analysis

The researcher used a step-by-step procedure once the gatherings of data have

begun. The first thing the researchers do was to transcribe the participants’ response

using Microsoft Word. The cleaning of the data in the form of their responses is done by

reading and analysing the transcription many times, and removing unnecessary verbal

expressions are also done.

The researchers used thematic data set analysis where it focuses on identifying

patterned meaning across a dataset (Komori, n.d.). It used to identify and isolated the

thematic structures from the responses gathered from the participants. Selective or

highlighting approach was also used to enable the researchers to only choose statements

that appear to be essential to appearance under study. Then, in a table divided into three

columns, the significant statements of each answer of each participant in every

participant is copied and pasted in the first. The second column is for the written concepts

extracted from each transcribed response. The third column was filled with the themes
 37

that emerged from the extracted concepts. Lastly, the responses, concepts and themes are

analysed again if they are logical and coherent to the study.

Research Instrument

In evaluating the efficacy of the medical missions to the morality rate and the

health care in the City of Koronadal. The researchers used key informant interview (KII).

The researcher created a set of research protocol that embodied the statement of the

problem. Mainly, the questions were loosely structured, relying on a list of issues

discussed. It then continued on as a conversation that has free flowing of ideas and

information. The researchers took advantage of the availability of the resources and

create an analysis from the primary source of result.

Ethical Considerations

There researchers followed ethical standards to ensure that rights and

confidentiality of participants are not violated in gathering the information and data.

Hence, the researchers apply the code of ethics in doing the research. Prior to the

gathering of the secondary data, the researcher presented a legal document that explains

the purpose and relevance of these data to the study. Furthermore, the researcher ensures

the protection of these data to the sources. Meanwhile, on the qualitative part, before the

interview portion conducted the researchers asked first the qualified participants for their

approval and will guarantee to follow the interview protocol that will be given before the

interview process for asking if they might be allowed as well as the guidelines for the

interview. Furthermore, the usage of phones or any devices for the recording process was
 38

also done, the researchers assured the protection to the privacy hence, the participants are

being guaranteed that their responses is being treated with outmost confidentiality.
 39

CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter shows the results and the discussions of the data that are presented

and used in this study which seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of the conduct of medical

missions in reducing the mortality rate in the City of Koronadal.

Contextualization of the Program

Table 1 below shows the contextualization of the program in terms of the medical

mission programs and services offered in the City of Koronadal, the target beneficiaries

of each respective programs and services as well as the frequency of the conduct of

medical missions.

It also shows that there are different programs and services that are offered during

the conduct of medical missions in the City of Koronadal namely Check Up, Vital Signs

Readings, Free Medication, Dental Missions and the newly offered program which is the

Surgical Missions which are all free to the beneficiaries.

 40

Table 1: Contextualization of the Medical Mission in Terms of the Programs and

Services, Beneficiaries and Frequency.

Programs and Services Beneficiaries Frequency

Medical Mission include
services such as free
check-up, vital signs
reading and free
medication.
For the free check-up, vital Massive Medical Missions
signs reading and fee are held annually within 4-
medication, there are pre- 5 consecutive days
identified barangays that
are the sole beneficiaries
but the said services are
also open for everybody
who will come.

Dental Mission For Dental and Surgical

Surgical Mission Missions, the delivery of
services is done on 4-5
barangay scheduled
separately.

The researchers further asked the participants specifically the program

implemetor series of questions which aims to determine the factors or the reasons why

medical missions are conducted annually and the perception of the program implementor

on conducting the said program.

According to a program implementor of the medical mission, medical missions

are conducted annually because volunteers and as well as the local government unit of the

City of Koronadal saw the need, and it should be given with outmost attention regularly

in order to contain spreadable diseases, and proper medication is given before it will get

into worst. It was conducted to alleviate the sufferings of every patient even just for a

short period of time. Furthermore, he affirmed that the conduct of medical missions in the

City of Koronadal is very helpful for the residents of the city, though not the best way to
 41

reduce the mortality rate because it is just one of the procedures in addressing the

problem, and it does not guarantee the reduction of the mortality rates.

This statement was supported by the data that came from the CHO which

indicates that the primary cause of death in the city is due to vehicular accidents that was

followed by the cases of criminalities with recorded fatalities or casualties. He also added

that in order to reduce the increasing mortality rate, the programs that should be

conducted must not just focus on the physical needs of an individual but also on his

holistic being in order to address not just one aspect of a person but as a whole.

Experiences of the Beneficiaries

Through a case analysis, the researchers were able to describe vividly the

experiences from the program beneficiaries and these affirmed in the following

narratives.

Case1: Maria Leonor- Minor Surgical Operation, Distribution of Free Medicine

Mrs. Maria Leonor, a 37 years old, and a resident of Barangay Sta. Cruz in the city

of Koronadal is a beneficiary of the medical mission for two consecutive years. She

stated that she had a minor operation on her arm during the conduct of Medical Mission

on their barangay last January 18, 2019.Out of all, the most beneficial services offered

during the conduct the medical mission, she stated that the given free medicines and the

minor operation that she undergone were the most beneficial. “Nagpa minor opera lang

sa kamot sa abaga dapit kag may bulong pa gid, libre.” (I had minor operation on my

left part of my arm and there were given free medicines for all of us.). This only shows

that the given services by the conduct of the medical mission were able to address the
 42

needs of the people in the community. While during the conduct of the services and

programs the participant revealed that the time she spent waiting for her name to be

called, made her felt tired and uncomfortable at the same time, “ma ano ka lang sa hulat

sa pila e, sa kakapoy kag di gid komportable”(we waited there for several hours. I was so

tired and uncomfortable). However, being a beneficiary of the medical mission as well as

being a part of their barangay, she believed that the medical mission on their Barangay

has helped to lessen the mortality rate. “Oo e maka bulig gid siya , libre pa gid kag

mabuhinan nag mga gakapatay sa amon nga barangay.” (It really helps us because it is

given free and it lessens the mortality rate in our barangay). Through her testimony, it

truly indicates that the given free services and programs have helped to lessen the

mortality rate in the barangay. Meanwhile, in citation of significant changes that were

observed when the conduct of the medical mission stated that “Amo lang gihapon nga

pagpa opera tapos may libre nga bulong.” (The same experience when I had the minor

surgery and they have gave us free medicines). This statement revealed that the services

that have offered by the government made positive changes on the medical conditions of

the beneficiaries. On the other side, the participant revealed that one of the lapses during

the conduct of the medical mission was the staffs who came late in which it caused delay

to the program and giving of services. According to Maria Leonor, “Sa mga staffs kay

dugay sila mag abot ti dugay man kag late dun nag start.” (The staffs came late that is

why the program and giving of free medicines and other services started late). Thus, the

statement by the participant indicated that there is in need for the government to address

the problem. As a concern beneficiary, she said that, “ang mga staff ma dagdagan”

(They should add more staffs).

 43

Case 2: Girlie Juan Dela Cruz- Check up

Mrs. Girlie is 50 years old resident of Barangay Sta. Cruz, City of Koronadal,

South Cotabato. She was the second participant of the study and beneficiary of the

medical mission conducted in the said barangay. Out of the activities, procedures and

services she stated “nagpa-checkup ako sa akon nga mata”. (I went so I can have an eye

checkup). It is proved that the medical mission conducted were beneficial to

impoverished people like them. They have given the chance to receive free medicine after

they undergone check-up. To evaluate the effect of medical mission’s impact on her

condition and the mortality rate in their local area she answered that “oo nakabulig gid

siya labi nagid sa akon nga apo”. (Yes, it is very helpful most especially to my

grandchild).

The researchers then questioned her insights about the lapses or the

inconsistencies in the conduct of medical mission by the City Health office of the City

Mayor. She replied, “Wala man, ga hatag man sila sang mayo nga serbisyo”. (There is

no lapses because they gave good services towards medical missions).

Next, she was asked if whether the medical mission were effective in reducing the

mortality rate in the in their locality, she stated “Kay sa pigado, effective gid sya,

nakabulig man mabuhinan ang gakapatay”. (I can absolutely say that the medical

mission is effective especially in reducing the mortality rate). Through her statement, it

supported the objectives of the study which through the conduct medical mission in each

barangay, it truly helps the residents to improve their health status and it lessens the

mortality rate.
 44

Case 3: Sarah Doe -Random Blood Sugar

Sarah Doe a woman in her prime 50’s one of the participant is a resident in Purok

Martines, Barangay Zone IV. She was one of the beneficiaries of the medical mission

who undergone the services offered such as the Random Blood Sugar. Out of all the

activities the program that was offered she stated that “Pagpakuha ko FBS nang Fasting

Blood Sugar”. (I had FBS test or Fasting Blood Sugar) by fasting, it helped her to reduce

sugar intake. The medical mission only proves that the medical volunteers and doctors

were able to assess the well-being of the participants thus giving the right treatment for

the diagnosed illnesses. However, during the conduct of the program the participant felt

disturbed because of the hardheaded beneficiaries about regardless of their age either

young or old. Somehow, this recent year she thinks that the medical mission improved

the recent health and conditions. That truly lessened the mortality rate in their area,

meaning as a part of their community by giving this type testimony this verifies that the

community as a whole benefits from the amenities that is given by the medical mission.

However, deaths can be avoided according to Merly. “Kung ang mga gakamatay

aga pa sila magpacheck-up, syempre ma avoid kung hindi,mapatay gid”. (If the deceased

person is diagnosed earlier then he may avoid death but if not, then he will be dead). This

statement reevaluates everything, it is understood that the medical mission showed

improvement by lessening the mortality rate but medical missions cannot solely affect it.

Many factors add up to the decreasing rate of their mortality. After receiving the services

it, help improved not only her health but for everyone, it made her conscious about her

sugar. The conduct of Medical Mission in reducing the mortality rate for her in their

locality is effective though it depends upon the “illness ang cancer hindi mo gid man ma
 45

avoid ang cancer”. (Cancer is cannot be, sometimes medical missions are late and they

never meet up). Therefore, not all of the efforts can be simply put in medical mission it is

a concept that needs to be re-evaluated due to its wide range of topics. The people also

need to play their roles.

Effectiveness of the Program

Table 2 below shows the data gathered from the website of the Department of

Health (DOH) which indicates the actual figures of the recorded mortality rates in the

City of Koronadal from the year 2004 to 2017 and 2009 to 2012. It can be seen in the

table below that the year 2008 is not included because there is no specific data of the

number of death and mortality rate and also the program is not mature enough to provide

data as an achievement of the implementation.

Table 2. Trends of Mortality Rate in the City of Koronadal from the year 2004 to
2007 and 2009 to 2011.
Year Number of Deaths Mortality Rate
2004 936 6.3
2005 1, 004 6.6
2006 1, 284 8.3
2007 1, 324 8.8
2009 1,489 8.9
2010 1, 599 9.4
2011 1, 677 10.4
2012 1, 268 7.7
 46

Graph 1 below shows the trends on the mortality rate in the City of Koronadal which

covers from the year prior to the intervention (2004-2007) and the mortality rate after the

intervention (2009-2012). The year 2008 was not included in the visual representation

due to the lacking of data and the implementation of the program is not it is maturity

year.

The graph depicts that the mortality rate of the locality is evidently increasing prior

to the intervention and even after the intervention. However, it can be seen in the graph

that there is a huge difference between the year 2011 and 2012 which shows that there is

a decrease on the mortality rate ranging from 10.1 % to 7.7%. It can be also seen that

from the year 2007 and 2009 the rate is almost the same. Furthermore, the year 2011

accumulated the highest ratings with 10.4% but then, it is very noticeable that the number

of deaths and the mortality rate significantly reduced by 2.7% or with the total number of

409 deaths which is a good indicator of the success of the conduct of medical mission in

the City of Koronadal.

These results show that the medical mission program implemented by the City

Health Office and the Office of the City Mayor significantly reduce the increasing

mortality rate in the City of Koronadal, province of South Cotabato.

 47

Graph 1. Visual Representation of the Mortality Rate in the City of Koronadal from
the Year 2004-2012

Mortality Rate
12

10

0
2004 2005 2006 2007 2009 2010 2011 2012

Inferential Statistics was also used to describe the gathered data. Paired sample t-

test was conducted to compare the effectiveness of the conduct of medical mission in

reducing the mortality rate in the City of Koronadal from the year, 2004 to 2012.

The table 3 below shows the results of the hypothesis testing from the year 2004-

2007 and form the year 2009-2012 with the use of the SPSS tool. The researchers used a

single or one-tailed hypothesis testing to evaluate the effectiveness of the conduct of

medical mission in the City of Koronadal and to interpret the results as showed in the

table 3, that (p) or the significant difference was divided by 2 to get the actual result of

the one-tailed hypothesis testing. It was found out that the result is 0.044 which can be

considered with significant deference. Therefore, it can be concluded that the conduct of

medical mission significantly reduce the mortality rate in the City of Koronadal. Thus,

null hypothesis was rejected.

 48

Table 3: Result of the Hypothesis Testing from the year 2004-2007 and 2009-2012

p
Group No df M SD T-test (df=3) (significant
difference )

2004- 4 3 1137.00 195.51 0. 088

2007
-2.493 𝑝 0.088
= 2 =
2
2009- 4 3 1508.2500 177.77 0.044
2012

Discussions

The conduct of medical missions in reducing the mortality rate in the City of

Koronadal is a program of the Local Government Unit of the City of Koronadal which

aims to give variety of medical services to the residents. It is annually done for almost 4-

5 days which targets those barangays which are identified by the City Health Office.

Programs that are usually offered are Check-up, Vital Signs Readings, Free Medications,

Surgical Missions and Dental Missions which are all free and available to the public.

The beneficiaries of the said programs and services are open to those who will

come into the venue but must follow the proper schema in order to have a faster and

efficient service. Before that, Barangay Captains are informed that there barangay is one

of the pre-identified beneficiaries of the said program so that they will inform their

constituents for the upcoming medical missions in the said venue. Medical missions are

held annually about (3-4 days) in the different barangays.Despite the fact that conducting

medical mission in the said community or barangay are free but then there are still some

individuals that did not come to the venue for the reason that they don’t want to waste

their time falling in line and wait for a long period of time for their turns. Some also
 49

insists that false science or the belief to rituals such as hilot and the likes, this is why

medical missions to remote areas are somewhat ineffective. But the good thing is that

throughout the conduct of medical missions, people started to be more aware of their

health and numbers of individuals today participates in it even just for temporary relief.

Conducting such medical missions to the community gives the beneficiaries the

experiences of being taking cared aside from the fact that through medical mission

alleviates their sufferings by providing medical services and raise awareness through the

help of medical professionals by providing correct diagnoses and proper prescriptions.

For almost eight (8) consecutive years medical mission was given to the public

annually to the chosen barangay in the city especially to the indigent residents or the

marginalized group in the society. From the data given by the City Health Office and the

Office of the City Mayor which shows that the top four (4) major causes of on the

increase in the city’s mortality rate are vehicular accidents, criminalities, communicable

diseases and other non-communicable diseases . However, from the data that has been

gathered from the internet and the statistical analysis, it was found out that the result is

0.044, which can be concluded that there is a significant difference on the conduct of

medical missions in the City of Koronadal. These led to a suggestion that the program

shall be continue and be intensified in order to effectively supply the needs of the people

in regards to the health care services and also to reduce the mortality rate in the city.

Medical missions become an avenue for those who are least privilege or the

marginalized in the society. Due to Medical Missions the unreached civilization that are

not exposed on the urban areas with free medical services with state of the art facilities

which can cater the needs of the people are now able to receive health care and medicines
 50

for prevention and treatment. It was also believed that through the conduct of medical

missions to far flung areas, people became more aware of such social issues and they also

became more productive in a day to day basis. Therefore, conducting medical mission

reduce the mortality rate in the City of Koronadal, and it greatly help the residents of the

said community in combating small health concerns and creating a more effective

healthcare and sustainable solutions thus, leads to a more healthier community. .

 51

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary

This portion of the paper fully deals with the summary of the study conducted by

the researchers. It was indicated in the beginning that health is a fundamental aspect of

quality of life (Ospina & Roser, 2011). Unfortunately, according World Bank and World

Health Organization (2017), half of the world’s 7.3 billion people lacks access to

essential health services. In the Philippines, Filipinos does not live longer due to poor

health because of unhealthy lifestyle and other significant factors such as poverty and

inadequate health care services. Thus, Medical mission is believed to be one of the

solutions to improve the health status and to reduce the mortality rate and it shows that it

is just one of the actions or interventions to suffice the needs of every people specifically

in the City of Koronadal. Hence, for deeper understanding on the current situation and in

order to create much deeper impact through this study the researchers attempt to evaluate

the effectiveness of conducting medical mission in the City of Koronadal in reducing the

mortality rate as a response to the global needs in healthcare services and additionally,

the researchers wanted to know the experiences of the involved individuals in the conduct

of the medical mission.

In the conduct of literature review, it was found out that some of the areas

encountered by medical mission do not have the great amount of facilities and materials,

thus, it was recommended that a project development should be applied as it provides a

systematic planning and policy making that maintains organization and order.
 52

Additionally, prior to the conduct of medical mission, needs assessment should be

conducted as this provides a target data. Furthermore, assessing the needs of the

community takes part in discovering the service or program that will be applied during

medical mission, as well as, it indicates how intensive a program is to be implemented.

Moreover, it can be concluded according to the study by Alghpothani, N., Alghothani, Y.,

&Altassi, B. (2012) that a well-planned medical mission contributes to global health care

and also brings big impact to the population. Thus, conducting research in connection to

the effectiveness of medical mission provides suggestion that could be used as a

paradigm in the conduct of programs and services.

In acquiring the findings of this study the researchers used a mixed-method

wherein quantitative design was used along with the qualitative design designated for

narrative data that were thematically analysed. The gathered data for quantitative design

were secondary data specifically the mortality rate of the city of Koronadal. Meanwhile,

on the qualitative design, the researchers thematically analysed narratives derived from

the beneficiaries who experienced medical mission, the researchers interviewed 4

participants and they were identified by citing inclusion criteria.

It was found out in the study, that one of the interventions conducted in the City

of Koronadal in order to give focus in the health care condition is medical mission. The

study discovered that medical mission is conducted annually which lasts for 4-5 days,

services and programs offered by the medical missions are free check-up, vital signs

readings, free medication, dental and surgical mission and whose target beneficiaries are

everyone who will come during the conduct of the medical mission and the pre-identified

barangays. On the conduct of the medical mission the target beneficiaries shared that the
 53

most beneficial service offered is the given free medicines. The participants firmly

believed that medical mission is beneficial and it helped the community especially in

their health care condition. These mentioned results covered the first and second

objectives of the study.

Meanwhile, on the third objective, which dealt with the effectiveness of the

medical mission, through the use of t-test on secondary data which is the mortality rate 4

years prior to the medical mission (2004-2007) and 4 years after the intervention (2009-

2012), it was concluded that the medical mission significantly reduced the mortality rate

of the city of Koronadal.

Thus, through the results that were collected it was concluded by the researchers

that the medical mission is beneficial for the target beneficiaries in their health care

condition, and contributed significantly in the reduction of the mortality rate in city.

Therefore, the researchers suggested that this conducted program shall be continued and

be more intensified in order to effectively supply the needs of the people in regards to the

healthcare services and the researchers recommended that a long term plan or framework

in connection to the conduct of medical missions shall be observed to ensure consistency

in the outcomes and in the success of the program.

Conclusion

The study found out that Medical Mission in the City of Koronadal involves various

programs mainly on the Dental, Surgical, and Medical check-ups. Medical Missions are

conducted in order to give medications, to provide diagnoses of sickness, and also to give

prescriptions.
 54

Additionally, it was largely found out that Medical Missions are intended to those

who are less fortunate such as those who cannot afford to pay doctors, and hospitals as

they were given the chance to receive free medication, checkups, vital readings and free

major and minor surgeries as these services offered in the city.

More patients are able to heal from within through the participation of nurses and

volunteers in events who have actively engaged themselves in caring patients as cited by

Clark from Watson (1997) in her Theory of Human Caring. The core of this theory is that

humans are not objects that cannot be separated from nature, others and most especially

self. This focuses on the caring-to-caring transpersonal relationship and its potential to

heal both the one who is caring and being cared. There are carrative factors upon building

the structure for the science of caring, in order to care people needs to practice on loving

kindness to others and most especially the self, that creates a ripple effect that inspires

others to have hope and faith. Nurtures the helping, trusting and caring relationship that

makes accept negative and positive events and feelings that deepens the way the patient

scientifically choose the method of solving for the problem. It balances the needs and it

creates a healing environment not only the physical but also the spiritual self that

ministers the basic physical, emotional and spiritual human needs. This theory shows that

medical missions are only one of the programs that the government is implementing that

helps improve the health of the patients to be in their best position, through the

involvement of caring that does not only regenerate life energies but also it potentiates

the capabilities of the patients mentioned by Red lands community hospital (2018). It was

then found out that most of the participants are satisfied with the services treated to them,

the most appealing amenities by the beneficiaries is the free medicine given.
 55

Moreover, another theory which is the Field Theory shows that the energy that leads

people to action, the tension that pushes your intentions from the current state to the

person’s goal, and lastly the need, it starts the motivation tension to change and shall be

able to satisfy its need. In a way, the programs create change as patients find its way of

learning about the group behaviour in a setting. As the person wants to be recognized the

motivation in them awakens that will give a positive attitude to act the goal. While for

patients they have the needs for healing, the medical mission awakens their tension

between their current situation and their goals. This motivation will create a positive

charge and will give them energy to act and to achieve their goal of healing. It analyzes

that an individual’s behaviour is affected by the group environment, wherein patients in a

health program particularly in medical missions exerts positive attitude as the behaviour

of the group of people in environment creates a tension that affects changes, not only to

the emotional but also through their physical aspects.

Thus, the study shows that the medical missions conducted by the city health

government held by the mayor are helpful to the locality. Some issues are brought out

being some illnesses are too serious for the medical missions to avoid the increasing of

the mortality rate in the City of Koronadal. .

Recommendations

1. The researchers suggest that the government agencies must have enough staff,

budget, and equipment that can cater and hand the needs of the residents in

regards to healthcare, most especially to those who are located in far flung areas.

2. Nongovernment agencies have several of programs and services which are

sponsored mostly by private sectors and organizations. Therefore the, researchers

 56

suggest that these agencies should maintain the offered services in order to

support the medical mission which is one of the interventions conducted that

address health-care problems.

3. Medical practitioners are the primary employees that are included in medical-

related programs, such as medical missions. Thus, the researchers advise that

medical practitioners must be quick on their feet in terms of responding to the

immediate needs of the people and to address the lapses during the conduct of

medical missions.

4. Local community and residents must cooperate with the programs and services

conductors so that there is a strong flow and consistency during the conduct of

medical missions. Additionally it was suggested that, they must not be fully

dependent on medical missions, because the said programs are not the mere or

only reason to prolonging a person’s life..

5. For the future researchers, the researchers suggest that they must continue in

conducting medical- related researches such as evaluating certain programs

because it is relevant as well as, the results of the studies suggest a framework.
 57

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Appendix A. Interview Schedule for the Contextualization of the Program

Dear Participants:

Warmest Greetings!

We are the researchers of Grade 12 HUMSS 1of Senior High School, Notre Dame

of Marbel University, currently enrolled in Inquiries, Investigations and Immersions (III),

and are currently conducting a research entitled “An Evaluative Study on the Conduct of

Medical Missions in Reducing the Mortality Rate in the City of Koronadal”. This study

will be using a mixed-method research design.

In line with this, we have identified you as our participant and we would like to

ask permission to have a personal interview with your most convenient time. We

promised that your identity will remain confidential. We agree not to divulged, published

or make known unauthorized person or to public any information gathered in the

interview that could identify you as our interviewee. Please understand that this

endeavour is not for our personal gain but all for the purpose of our academic

requirement.

Inclusion Criteria for Objective A.

a. A project head/ program organizer/ staffs or individuals who initiate or take part

in the planning and the actual conduct of the Medical Missions to the selected

barangay.
 69

Statement of the Problem:

How effective is the Medical Mission in reducing the mortality rate in the City of

Koronadal?

Research Objectives:

This study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of the conduct of medical missions

in reducing the mortality rate in the City of Koronadal.

Specifically, this aims to:

b. describe how the program is contextualized in terms of:

a.1 medical mission programs and services offered in the City of

Koronadal

a.2 target beneficiaries of medical missions

a.3 frequency of delivery of medical missions

b. describe the experiences of the beneficiaries: and

c. determine the effectiveness of medical missions in reducing the mortality rate

in the City of Koronadal.

INTERVIEW SCHEDULE

I. Key Person/ Program Implementor

These questions are intended for the identified implementor of the medical missions

in the City of Koronadal.

 70

a. What are the different activities, programs and services during the conduct of

medical missions?

b. Who are the target beneficiaries in each and every activities, programs and

services?

c. How often is the conduct of medical missions?

d. Why is there a need to conduct a Medical Missions in the City of Koronadal?

e. Why do you think conducting Medical Missions is one of the best things to do

to improve the health status and also to reduce the mortality rate in the

locality?

Activities,

Programs and Beneficiaries Frequency Remarks

Services
 71

Appendix B. Interview Schedule for the Experiences of the Beneficiaries

Dear Participants:

Warmest Greetings!

We are the researchers of Grade 12 HUMSS 1 of Senior High School, Notre

Dame of Marbel University, currently enrolled in Inquiries, Investigations and

Immersions (III), and are currently conducting a research entitled “An Evaluative Study

on the Conduct of Medical Missions in Reducing the Mortality Rate in the City of

Koronadal”. This study will be using a mixed-method research design.

In line with this, we have identified you as our participant and we would like to

ask permission to have a personal interview with your most convenient time. We

promised that your identity will remain confidential. We agree not to divulged, published

or make known unauthorized person or to public any information gathered in the

interview that could identify you as our interviewee. Please understand that this

endeavour is not for our personal gain but all for the purpose of our academic

requirement.

Inclusion Criteria for Objective B.

a. A bonafide resident in the City of Koronadal that has been selected as beneficiary

and get benefited by the difference activities, procedures and services during the

conduct of Medical Missions in the locality.

Statement of the Problem:

 72

How effective is the Medical Missions in reducing the mortality rate in the City of

Koronadal?

Research Objectives:

This study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of the conduct of medical missions

in reducing the mortality rate in the City of Koronadal.

Specifically, this aims to:

a. describe how the program is contextualized in terms of:

a.1 medical mission programs and services offered in the City of

Koronadal

a.2 target beneficiaries of medical missions

a.3 frequency of delivery of medical missions

b. describe the experiences of the beneficiaries: and

c. determine the effectiveness of medical missions in reducing the mortality rate

in the City of Koronadal.

INTERVIEW SCHEDULE

II. Program Beneficiaries

These questions are intended for the identified program beneficiaries of the medical

missions in the City of Koronadal.

1. What Medical Mission activities, procedures and services have you undergone?
 73

2. From all the activities, procedures and services rendered during the Medical

Mission, what program do you think is very beneficial to you? Why?

3. As one of the beneficiaries of the Medical Missions in your locality, what are

your experiences during the conduct of the given program?

4. Do you think Medical Mission improve your recent health condition and truly

lessen the mortality rate in your area?

5. Can you cite significant changes or health improvement that you observed after

you avail the different activities, procedures and services during the conduct of

Medical Mission?

6. What do you think are the lapses or the inconsistencies in the conduct of Medical

Missions by the City Health Office and the Office of the City Mayor in the City of

Koronadal? What can you say about it?

7. As a beneficiary, is the conduct of Medical Missions effective in reducing the

mortality rate in your locality? Why?

8. You have identified the strong and weak points on the conduct of Medical

Missions in the City of Koronadal, can you give any suggestions or comments

about the conduct of the program in your area?

 74

Appendix C. Participant Consent Form

Good day!

We are the researchers from Grade 12 HUMSS St. Justin, and we are currently

working on our practical research entitled “An Evaluative Study on the Conduct of

Medical Mission in Reducing the Mortality Rate in the City of Koronadal”. The

main goal of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of the conduct of medical

mission in reducing the morality rate in the City of Koronadal.

In line with this, as one of the identified citizen that had benefited from the

implemented medical mission, we would like to ask permission and ask for your precious

time in attending an interview, as our method in data gathering. Also, we are informing

you that we are to use our smartphones as audio recorders in documenting the whole

interview process. All gathered information will be kept confidential, and only the

members of this study are allowed to use the information gathered from you as our

participant.

As our participant in this study, you would not be obliged to use English as the

primary medium in answering the questions. You are allowed to use any preferred

language, as long as you are comfortable in expressing your thoughts. Your active

participation in this study will be a great help in the success of our study.

Here are some enclosures to inform you of your rights.

 75

 If you agree to participate, you can withdraw at any time or refuse to answer any

question without any consequences of any kind.

 You can withdraw permission to use data from your interview within two weeks

after the interview, in which case the material will be deleted.

 In any report on the results of this research your identity will remain anonymous.

This will be done by changing your name and disguising any details of your

interview which may reveal your identity or the identity of people you speak

about.

 You understand that a transcript of your interview will be kept within the

university.

---------------------------------------------------------

Signature of Participant
 76

Appendix D. Letter for the Request of Documents

 77

Appendix E. Transcription of the Interview with the Stakeholders

Medical mission is intended for medical, dental, check-up and ah manghatag bulong,

mag-diagnose sang sakit then maghatag sang resita. Ang medical mission always naga-

kadto sa barangay. Ang medical mission is intended for the less fortunate.

Ang mga doctors naga-initiate sila sang ila nga pagka-doktor nila bilang libre. Ang

medical mission ang isa pinakabudlay nga programa sa barangay man or even isa ka

entity sang government. Magasto siya kabakal bulong, ma-hire ka doctors, and even

magpakaon ka sang imo pasyente pakaunon mo pa na.

Dental is always free na isya. Libre pagabot pati bulong. Ang sa medical, libre check-up,

libre bulong

Benefaciaries of the medical mission is the indigent people, less fortunate, those who

cannot afford to pay doctors, and even hospital bill.

Treatment sa pasyente. Just like kung ginarayuma ka, iresitahan ka nila. And doctor hindi

lang sa medical, ara man sila sa counseling.

Operations- minor and major surgical operations.

Barangay ang ga-facilitate sa mga doctors, nurses and even the technical nga trabaho.

In the history of medical mission mostly ang mga recipient is from rural areas sa urban

areas may pigado man sa rural areas damo man sang pigado, damo may wala sing

trabaho. Ara sila sa mga dapat buruligan.

Medical mission without paying any cents.

 78

Mag-taas ang mortality rate kay tungod sa ignorance ka tawo. Hindi nila gusto mag-learn

mamati.Thousands of years gi-studyhan ang medicine.It is a matter of mind-settingAng

mortality rate naga-panubo sang edad.

Parte lang na siya, pero hindi gid na siya ang solusyon. Medical mission is just para lang

mabulong ka paralang mamedicate ka, para makahatag ka but hindi na siya rason para

masiling mo nga ma-lessen ang mortality rate ina ya nga obra once lang na talagsa lang

na para kung….agi lang na, kung way man na sila balik ka naman sa normal life mo, that

is sad , very sad. Sila (doctor) nag-agi lang na sila sa imo. It is a matter of mindsetting,

aton lang na sa isip sang tawo, hindi nay a, kung sa aton ya hindi iban na tao, makabulig

kundi sarili mo.

 79

Appendix F. Transcription of the Interview with the Beneficiaries

Case 1

What medical mission activities or procedures and services have you aquired, ano nga

mga activities

ante ang na avail mo na dira sa medical mission. Nag ano kamo kagina te?

Nag pa ano, nag pa opera sa ng mga minor lang gud diro, nang.

Nag pa ano, nag pa opera sa ng mga minor lang gud dire sa kamot sa abaga dapit, nang

mgabukol bukol gud. May bulong pa gid para man na siguro na sa tanan, kay libre. Ti

amo gid na

ang mga benifits.”

Second question. From all the activities or procedures and services rendered during the

medical mission,what program did you receive is very beneficial to the?

Sa mga gin hatag o sa mga programs nga mga gin-ano ka gina te ano ang sa tingin moa

ang pinaka beneficial or pinaka maka bulig, kag ngaa.

Satanan man siguro uy tanan man siguro uy maka bulig man tanan kay ano man priority

kay free man gud siya .

-“Nag pa-ano, nag pa opera sa ng mga minor lang gud dire sa kamot sa abaga dapit, nang

mgabukol bukol gud. May bulong pa gid para man na siguro na sa tanan, kay libre. Ti

amo gid na ang mga benefits.”

 80

Gina tagaan man kamo bulong?

“May bulong e, para man na siguro na sa tanan, kay libre kaya na mo.”

As part of the beneficiaries *** Since nag nag conduct sang medical mission ano ang na

batyagan mo ante beneficiary ka ante?

“Kwan siguro e sa pag- ano e sa siguro siguro ma ano ka lang sa hulat sa pila sige, sa

kakapoykag di gid komportable kay madamo man amo lang na. Sa pila gid sap ag hulat

ba kay damobaya ga pila basta.”(

ang medical mission bala ante naka bulig gid bala sa condition mo subong kag maka

lessen, um mgasakit or mga laganap nga puwede maka patay sa tao?

“Ay wala man siguro sang ano, sa ila nga maka patay sang tao sang amo na sa medical

mission.”

“ Oo e maka bulig gid siya e sa amon kay libre pa gid. Kag mabuhinan nag mga

gakapatay diresa amon nga barangay.”

Maka less ba siya o maka bulig ba siya?

-“Oo e maka bulig gid siya e, Oo e dako man na ang maka bulig sang medical mission ba.

Ti baw siyempre anon a iya na ka gobyerno diba? Para sa tanan, Oo libre”

Ano nga mga improvements sa health mo ante ang sa tingin mo nga na bulig sang

medical mission ,may bago ba sakit mo before?

May ara gid e, may ara gid siya e kay naka bulig gid siya e.Since last year ano ang na

bulig sa imo sang medical mission?

 81

-“Amo siyo to e tung pag pa kuha man, amo lang gihapon siya kay may ara siya sang

may nagtubo naman siya liwat pero gin tanggal naman siya. Hindi man siya sang cist kay

daw sa ano lang siya abi daw sa panit lang bala siya aw. Ambot amo man lang sato

hambal sang doctorkag hindi nako mag worry tapos may free gyapon nga mga bulong.”

Ano pa ba ang mga lapses kagina ante nga maka bulig, Ano ang mga kulang sang City

Health Office .Ano ma hambal mo te.

“ Sa mga staffs gid guro eh kay dugay sila mag abot ti dugay man kag late dun nag start

ang pagpang hatag sang mga bulong kag iban pa nga serbisyo.”

Ano ma hambal mo te

“Ambot amo lang man na akon ma ano kay siyempre ang mga gud man nila ang mga

staff gud nila, kay ang kagina ang iban nga mga kaupod ko, kay may mara bala mga time

nga dugay gud kaayo bala diba.”

****Sa mga program nga gina hatag dire ante nang ***

Ay daw wala man

Dugay naman gid kamo ante?

Hindi man ma iwasan ang mga amo gud na diba, okay lng man

Okay ante last nalang***

*** Maka bulig ang medical mission, nga kunyare ang i aka barangay damo ang ga

karamatay, since pagconduct sang medical mission nag less ba siya? Ang gakaramatay,

maka bulig ba siya?

 82

-“Oo eh maka bulig siya eh, maka bulig gid ang medical mission”

*** Sa ano puwede mo ma recommend para mag nami ang services? Ano ma suggest

mo? Tani manmag madali man, tani may pa merienda?

-“Ay wala man kay ang merienda ano man siya, damo kai pa merienda, “

-“ siguro ang mga staff ma dagdagan kay gamay man lang gud sila. Oo amo lang na

siguropara mag bulig sa medical mission.

Case 2

Pa check-up sang akon nga ginabatyag.

Sa whole body niyo te?

Hmmmm.

***Ano gid ang program nga naconduct ngapinagid ka beneficial, nga nakabulig gid

saimo?

Saakon, saakon nga mata kay

Sana mga na experience during sa pagconduct sang medical mission diri?

***

Mmm, oo e kay siyempre tung mga pigdo nga indi ka avail sang mga bulong paagi sa

medical mission ma buligan sila kay matagaan sila bulong, indi lang bulong may ara man

mga reading or iban pa.

*** May mga improvement ba siya sa lawas mo te nga naka ***

 83

Ang mga apo ko, kay ma tagaan bulong

*** Anong mga lapses, mga kulang nila sa facilities sang medical mission?

Wala man sang kulang kay gahatag man sila medical mission sila nagahatag sila anay

sang letter. Kag kami aware man kami kag before mag lakat sila diri sa San Isidro.

***Diba hamba lmo ante effective ang medical mission kag naga lessen ang

nagakamatay ano ang ma hambal

Kay tungod gani sa mga,atong mga pigado bala nga indi makaafford. Ti syempre

makahambal gid ko nga effective gid kay indi na sila mag hatag sang time para mag lakat

sa ospital magpacheck up syempre wala sila kwarta eh ano.. sa pamaagi nga amo sini

damo gid mabuligan specially ang mga fair services bala haw labi nagid ang mga bulong.

Para sa akon daw wala man kay amo man to hambal gina nga preparado gid kami ya kag

isa pa ang mga naga conduct diri wala man sila siling nga nagaano sa amon syempre

tanan nga mgataga diri labi na ang naga counsel namon very supportive gid sila nga tanan

damo gid diri nagasulod nga mga agency parehas sa mga NGO, GO nga mag conduct diri

saamon, kay ang amon nga mga barangay council very supportive gid sila kag willing gid

sila saamon.

Case 3
 84

Aside satong, ano gani tawag sato barangayan may ara man saton minor major medical

mission. Aside satong barangayan nga galibot everymonth, may ara man sang first taga

quarter. First quarter gid sang tuig, ga conduct siya sining PBM pagbulig sa may sakit.

Isulat nalang siya siguro. Gina conduct siya every month, tig barangayan man ibutang

man siya. Barangayangan conduct siya every month na siya. Pang barangay lang ang

schedule.

Ano pangalan sang event?

Kuwan Barangayan lang siya, Barangayan medical mission. Mga benificiaries tung naka

avail siya satong, 800 person sila, pero kung I ano nalang I priority niyo nalang ang mga

indigent

May iba man nga study for indigent

Ay may ara man? Sang sa indigent, te may ara man satong para kagina nag avail. Nag

avail to siya sa cluster B. Ara didto ang 5 ka barangay gin impon, ano lang diri lang sa

Sta. Cruz

Biskan 3 o 2 lang sang naka avail?

Naka avail kagina sina, sige na para indi na sila ma hago.

Na lawag imo pangalan para sa bulong o vitamins, Puwede man siguro sa naka avail

Last year ma’am naka avail ka ma’am?

Wala siya last year. 2 years or 3 years naka experience sang medical mission

Ti pag-ano man ni mayor dire, nakapanglimpyo pud siya di talinga. Oo tung medical

mission gin renew ni mayor last year. Na abutan niyo tani tung actual gid kung ano
 85

kadamo. Oo maka naka avail man diri mag actual nalang kamo pamangkuton niyo

nalang. Tapos tung quarterly naka book lang ang first quarter of the year. Kag tung

pagbulig sa may sakit medical mission giyapon ni mayor Miguel sang city government

quarterly iba man tung every month tung barangayan. Ang dira sa quarterly amo na siya

ang may surgical may minor kag major operation. Luwas sa may medical mission diri

may naga ongoing man didto ang operation sa provincial hospital. So ang lahat na mga na

doctor sa University of Santo Tomas. Nirequest yun ng city government sa pamumuno ni

Mayor Miguel na mag conduct, mag bulig so iba-iba ang doctors. Last year 9 years na

siya nga start sang pagpunko ni mayor. Iba-iba ang venue kay last year sa San Isidro e,

San Isidro last year.

So mga residence gihapon sa barangay?

Oo kay gina combine man na by barangays so, cluster A. Kay ang first day didto sa zone

4. So, ang lapit didto sa zone 4 nga barangay amo naman tung cluster nga mag upod. So,

diri naman kung ang kung sino to lapit sa barangay. Kay kapitan man namon sa zone 4.
86
 87

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Dyceil Kyleriza D. Baira

Age: 18 years old

Sex: Female

Religion: Roman Catholic

Birth Date: July 26, 2000

Birth Place: City of Tacurong, Sultan Kudarat

Address: Surallah, South Cotabato, Philippines

Civil Status: Single

Mobile: 09564015608

Email address: dyceil44@gmail.com

EDUCATION

Elementary: Centrala Central Elementary School, Centrala, Surallah, South Cotabato

Secondary:

Junior High School: Notre Dame of Surala, Libertad, Surallah, South

Cotabato

Senior High School: Notre Dame of Marbel University, Alunan Avenue,

City of Koronadal

Affiliation: PEER Club Member (S.Y. 2018- 2019)

 88

Name: Kristal Dane F. Barotas

Age: 18 years old

Sex: Female

Religion: Roman Catholic

Birth Date: March 20, 2000

Birth Place: Norala District Hospital, Norala, South Cotabato

Address: Purok Magsaysay, Brgy. Puti, Norala, South Cotabato

Civil Status: Single

Mobile: 09650524845

Email address: danefanugabarotas@gmail.com

EDUCATION

Elementary: Puti Elementary School, Brgy. Puti, Norala, South Cotabato

Secondary

Junior High School: Notre Dame of Norala Inc., Brgy. Poblacion,

Norala, South Cotabato

Senior High School: Notre Dame of Marbel University, Alunan Avenue,

City of Koronadal

Affiliation: PEER Club Member (S.Y. 2018- 2019)

 89

Name: Shaira G. Huqueriza

Gender: Female

Religion: Roman Catholic

Birth Date: December 4, 1999

Birth Place: Davao City

Address: Poblacion Norala South Cotabato

Email Address: shairahuqueriza@gmail.com

EDUCATION

Elementary: Norala Central Elementary School

Secondary:

Junior High School: Norala National High School, PoblacionNorala

South Cotabato

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL: Notre Dame of MarbelUniversity,Alunan

Avenue, City of Koronadal

Affiliations:

School Publication (S.Y. 2018-2019)

Women Advocacy Center Member (S.Y. 2018-2019)

 90

Name: Cherryl Zane A. Labuaya

Age: 18 years old

Sex: Female

Religion: Southern Baptist

Birth Date: December 29, 2000

Birth Place: Estillore Clinic, Kilada, Matalam, Cotabato

Address: San Antonio Phase 2, Blk 4 Lot 15, Brgy. Sta. Cruz, City of Koronadal

Civil Status: Single

Mobile: 09052213802

Email address: cherrylzanelabuaya@gmail.com

EDUCATION

Elementary: Koronadal Central Elementary School- 1, City of Koronadal

Secondary:

Junior High School: Cebuano National High School, Brgy. Cebuano,

Tupi, South Cotabato

Senior High School: Notre Dame of MarbelUniversity,Alunan Avenue,

City of Koronadal

Affiliation: PEER Club Member (S.Y. 2018- 2019)

 91

Name: Ellen Luz B. Laruya

Age: 19years old

Sex: Female

Religion: Roman Catholic

Birth Date: December 5, 1999

Birth Place: Bai Sarapinang, Bagumbayan, Sultan Kudarat

Address: Magsaysay St., Bai Sarapinang, Bagumbayan,

Civil Status: Single

Mobile: 09128013363

Email address: ellenluzlaruya@gmail.com

EDUCATION

Elementary: Notre Dame of Sto. Niño, Brgy. Poblacion, Sto. Niño, South Cotabato,

Secondary:

Junior High School: Notre Dame of Sto. Niño, Poblacion, Sto. Niño,

South Cotabato

Senior High School: Notre Dame of MarbelUniversity,Alunan Avenue,

City of Koronadal

Affiliation: Filipino Club Member (S.Y. 2018- 2019)

 92

Name: Name: Rizzy Jane Shiela P. Ombid

Age: 18 years old

Sex: Female

Religion: Roman Catholic

Birth date: December 09, 2000

Birth Place: Brgy. San Isidro, Sto. Niño, South Cotabato

Address: Brgy. Poblacion, Sto. Niño, South Cotabato

Civil Status: Single

Mobile: 09177022741

Email address: ombidrizzy09@gmail.coM

EDUCATION

ELEMENTARY: Sto. Niño Central Elementary School

SECONDARY:

Junior High School : Sto. Niño National High School, Sto. Niño, South

Cotabato

Senior High School: Notre Dame of MarbelUniversity,Alunan Avenue,

City of Koronadal

Affiliation: Filipino Club Member (S.Y. 2018-2019)

 93

Name: Mike L. Ponte

Age: 18 years old

Sex: Male

Religion: Roman Catholic

Birth Date: December 09, 1999

Birth Place: Surallah, South Cotabato

Address: Prk. Magsaysay, Dajay, Surallah, South Cotabato

Civil Status: Single

Mobile: 09751496584

Email address: mikelacsamanaponte@gmail.com

EDUCATION

Elementary: Shri-Visaya Elementary School

Secondary

Junior High School: Surallah National High School, Brgy. Dajay,

Surallah, South Cotabato

Senior High School: Notre Dame of Marbel University, Alunan Avenue,

City of Koronadal

Affiliation: PEER Club Member (S.Y. 2018- 2019)

 94

Name: Jerome B. Tribujenia

Age: 19years old

Sex: Male

Religion: Roman Catholic

Birth Date: October 23, 199

Birth Place: Lapuz, Norala South Cotabato

Address: Lapuz, Norala South Cotabato

Civil Status: Single

Email address: jeromebiasontribujenia@gmail.com

EDUCATION

Elementary: Notre Dame of Norala Inc. 2017 Norala, South Cotabato

Secondary:

Junior High School: Notre Dame of Norala Inc. 2017 Norala, South

Cotabato

Senior High School: Notre Dame of Marbel University, Alunan Avenue,

City of Koronadal

Affiliation:

PEER Club Member (S.Y. 2018- 2019)