A power inverter, or inverter, is an electronic device or circuitry that changes direct current (DC) to

alternating current (AC). The input voltage, output voltage and frequency, and overall power handling
depend on the design of the specific device or circuitry. The inverter does not produce any power; the power
is provided by the DC source. A power inverter can be entirely electronic or may be a combination of
mechanical effects (such as a rotary apparatus) and electronic circuitry.Static inverters do not use moving
parts in the conversion process. Circuitry that performs the opposite function, converting AC to DC, is
called a rectifier
An inverter is an electronic device that changes direct current to alternating current. We should
remember that inverter never produces any power, the power is provided by the DC source.

In most of the cases, the input DC voltage is usually lower. We can’t use lower voltage in the home
appliance. This is why we need to use inverter when we use solar power panel.

There are, broadly speaking, two kinds of inverters: modified square wave inverters and sine wave
inverters. The modified square wave inverters is actually a square wave where the voltage is
periodically 0

During the conversion process, the voltage is increased. In Oh m’s law, we know that an increased
voltage also leads to a decrease in current. So the overall current is decreased when the DC signal
is converted into an AC

Depend on the working principle, there are two types of inverters:

1. Stand alone inverters

2. Grid tie inverters.

Stand Alone Inverters

It is the basic type of inverters which along with the inversion of DC to AC and
also produce increase the amplitude of the voltage hence produce a change in
the frequency.

This kind of inverter output usually in sine wave but some cases the output gets
distorted due to several reasons and appears in the form of a modified sine wave
or a square wave.

Grid Tie Inverters

As the name refers that the output AC power is supplied to a grid -type network.
For example, A large-scale supply unit. Then the power is distributed through the
unit. For this reason, it has a complex construction and internal circuitry because
they have to synchronize with the grid network.

These are the two basic type of inverter. Inverters can be enormous and heavy—
particularly on the off chance that they have worked in battery packs so they can
work in an independent manner. They additionally produce bunches of warmth,
which is the reason they have extensive warmth sinks (metal balances) and
regularly cooling fans also.

1. UPS Module. In normal mode, when utility power is present, the lighting loads are fed
from utility, similar to a standby UPS. However, in some situations, the unit may help filter
or supplement the incoming power. The UPS module contains an inverter which is an
electronic device that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). There are
usually a few other components within the UPS module such an AC distribution module with
an input circuit breaker, boost tap transformer, control and monitoring subsystems. These
additional components may provide some power conditioning, but are usually not designed
for total power conditioning like a true, online UPS system might.
2. Battery Module. The battery module contains the battery system required to produce the
reserve energy to supply the inverter during abnormal power conditions. In our industry we
focus on run time and how long you want your unit to provide power while on battery. For a
lighting inverter, there are a variety of battery types that may be used. We’ll discuss batteries
in more detail below.
3. Battery Charger. The charger converts A/C voltage to D/C current. With utility power
present, the battery charger circuit supplies voltage and current to the batteries. For most
systems, once the batteries have received a full recharge, a constant trickle charge maintains
the batteries at maximum level.
4. The inverter converts D/C voltage supplied by the battery to A/C voltage of a precisely
stabilized amplitude and frequency that is suitable for powering most lighting
loads. Typically, the inverter output voltage is generated by sinusoidal pulse width
modulation (PWM). The use of a high carrier frequency for PWM and dedicated A/C filter
circuit consisting of a transformer and capacitors, ensure a very low distortion of the output
voltage.
5. Output Power Transformer. A dry type power transformer provides the inverter A/C
output. Transformers are a key component in electrical distribution equipment. Factors to
consider would be capacity, voltage rating, insulation system, core & coils and winding
insulation system. Not all systems will have an isolation transformer, but if they do, most of
the transformers within a UPS or lighting inverter unit are built with copper wiring.
6. Display and Controls. The system provides operation monitoring and control, audible
alarms and diagnostics. The front mounted control panel includes a display and keypad for
user interface. The display is menu driven and allows the operator to easily “watch” the
system functions as they occur and check on virtually any aspect of the system’s operation.
7. Battery Assembly. While battery configurations can vary significantly in a lighting inverter
application, many are a front access, sealed, lead-acid valve regulated battery cell. Batteries
are interconnected via buss bars and cables. Similar to a UPS system, temperature has a direct
effect on the life of a battery. There are two main battery types that may be found in your
lighting inverter: