5G NR Mobile Network Testing

5G NR Mobile Network Testing
MNT Product Management
CO M PANY RESTRI CTED

What is 5G NR?
Evolution of services and technologies
1G ~1985
2G 1992
3G 2001
4G2010
5G 2020
• Define use case

• Analyze requirements
Transition • Define technology
from analog
to digital…
eMBB
www
www
• Define technology framework

• Find a use case mIoT URLLC

2019-04-17 5G NR Mobile Network Testing 2
What is 5G NR?
Triangle of use-cases eMBB – the known playground
Massive IoT eMBB ı Established ecosystem (operators, manufacturers,
Enhanced
ı A diverse ecosystem certification of devices)
(operators, manufacturers,
mobile broadband ı Evolution from existing technologies (LTE-A, 802.11 ad)
and revolutionary additions (cm- / mm-wave)
local authorities, certification
only for some technologies)
ı It’s all about data (speed and capacity)
ı Mix of technologies
(GSM, Lora, Zigbee, Cat M,
URLLC
NB-IoT,…)
ı A significantly enhanced and
ı It’s all about cost efficiency
diverse ecosystem (operators,
and massive connectivity
manufacturers, verticals,
certification not existing (yet))
Massive IoT Ultra reliable & ı Existing technologies do not
provide sufficient performance
low latency
ı It’s all about reliability and
communication
security (data and capacity)

NR: New Radio
3GPP RAN NR Standardization Overview SA:

NSA:
eMBB:
Standalone
Non Standalone
Enhanced Mobile Broadband
Status after 3GPP RAN #82 (December 2018)

URLLC: Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication
mMTC: Massive Machine Type Communication
2017 2018 2019 2020
Rel-15 NR Phase 1: Focus on early NSA / SA Now

LTE Adv deployment scenarios for eMBB/URLLC use cases Rel-16 NR Phase 2: Further NR use cases (V2X, NTN)
Pro Rel-15 LTE Advanced Pro evolution (V2X, IoT, …) Rel-16 LTE Advanced Pro evolution (IoT, broadcast, …)
Rel-14 Release 15 Rel-15 “Late Drop” Release 16 Rel-17

Rel-15
June 2019 / RAN #84 (“late drop”)
Milestones Dec 2017 / RAN #78 L3 specs (ASN.1) for option 4 & 7
L1/L2 specification for June 2018 / RAN #80 completed
NSA option 3 / eMBB L1/L2 specs. for SA option March 2019 / RAN #83 (“late drop”)
completed 2 & 5 / URLLC completed L1/L2 specs for option 4 & 7 incl.
NR-NR-DC completed June 2020 / RAN #88
Mar 2018 / RAN #79
Sep 2018 / RAN #81 L3 specs (Rel-16
L3 specs. (ASN.1)
L3 specs (ASN.1) for Dec 2019 / RAN #86 ASN.1) completed
for option 3 / eMBB
option 2 & 5 completed Rel-16 RAN1 PHY
completed March 2020 / RAN #87
specification frozen Rel-16 completed
Rel-16
Milestones Rel-16 Study-Items / Work-Items (see next slide)

5G Network Architecture Vocabulary
LTE Core = EPC 5G Core = NGC
Control
Data
MME = Mobility Management Entity
S-GW = Serving Gateway AMF = Access and Mobility Management Function
UPF = User Plane Function
LTE BS = eNB 5G BS = gNB A base station in a DC (= Dual

Connectivity) connection with the
UE may have different roles:
MN = Master Node
or
SN = Secondary Node

Architecture Evolution – DC Options Data
Control
Option 3 is priority 1 in 3GPP, followed by Option 2
Option 3 Option 4 Option 7 Option 2
EN = E-UTRA-NR NGEN = NG-RAN E-UTRA-NR NE = NR-E-UTRA Standalone
EPC NGC NGC NGC
NSA
MN MN MN
EN-DC
eNB gNB NG-eNB gNB NG-eNB gNB gNB

Europe
Frequency trends for 5G 700 MHz
3.4 - 3.8 GHz
24.25 - 27.5 GHz
China
3.3 - 3.6 GHz
4.8 - 5.0 GHz
24.75 - 27.5GHz (study)
37 - 43.5 GHz (study)
US
0.7 / 3.6 / 26GHz [CBRS band (3.5GHz)]
3.5 / 5 / 26 / 43.5 GHz 27.5 - 28.35 GHz
(3.5) / 28 / 39GHz
37.0 - 40 GHz
3.5 / 4.6 / 28 GHz
64 - 71 GHz (unlicensed)
NR frequency range 1 (450 MHz – 6 GHz) NR frequency range 2 (24.25 – 52.6GHz) Australia
reserved numbers 65-256 Reserved numbers 257-512 3.6 GHz
Downlink Uplink Downlink Uplink 26 GHz
… … … n257 26.5 – 29.5 GHz 26.5 – 29.5 GHz

3.6 / 26 GHz Korea
n77 3.3 – 4.2 GHz 3.3 – 4.2 GHz n258 24.25 – 27.5 GHz 24.25 – 27.5 GHz 3.5 GHz
28 GHz
n78 3.3 – 3.8 GHz 3.3 – 3.8 GHz n259 n/a n/a
n79 4.4 – 5.0 GHz 4.4 – 5.0 GHz n260 37 – 40 GHz 37 – 40 GHz Japan
4.4 - 4.9 GHz
… … …
28 GHz
5G NR spectrum utilization
Dual connectivity, for Non-Standalone (NSA) mode operation
ı Two band combinations (2CC) of 1CC in NR band and 1CC in LTE band
ı Additional tables for three band (3CC), four band (4CC) and five band (5CC) in TS38.101-3
LTE frequency bands
Source: TS38.101-3 1 3 5 7 8 11 18 19 20 21 25 26 28 38 39 41 42 66 71
n7 (FDD 700MHz)
5G NR frequency ranges
n28 (FDD 2.6GHz)

n41 (TDD 2.6 GHz)
n71 (FDD 600MHz)
n77: 3.3 – 4.2 GHz
n78: 3.3 – 3.8 GHz
n79: 4.4 – 5 GHz
n257: 26.5 – 29.5 GHz
n258: 24.25 – 27.5 GHz

Likely main 5G NR key parameters
R&S view
Parameter FR1 FR2
Carrier aggregation LTE + 1CC NR LTE + 1CC or 2CC NR
Bandwidth per carrier 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100MHz 50, 100, 200, 400 MHz
Subcarrier spacing 15, 30, 60 kHz 60, 120, 240 kHz
Modulation scheme QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM; uplink also supports π/2-BPSK (only DFT-s-OFDM)
Radio frame length 10ms
Subframe duration 1 ms (alignment at symbol boundaries every 1 ms)
MIMO scheme DL: 2x2 MIMO or 4x4 MIMO; DL: 2x2 MIMO
UL: SISO or 2x2 MIMO UL: SISO
Duplex mode TDD, FDD TDD
Main frequency bands 3.3 to 3.8 GHz, 4.4 to 5 GHz 24 to 29 GHz, 37 to 43.5 GHz
Access scheme DL: CP-OFDM; UL: CP-OFDM, DFT-s-OFDM

- Key technology areas
- Testing use cases
- KPI requirements

5G Key Technology Components
NR builds on four main pillars
New Spectrum Massive MIMO / Beamforming

ı < 1GHz ı Hybrid beamforming
ı ~ 3.5 GHz ı > 6GHz also UE is
ı ~ 26/28/39 GHz expected to apply
beam steering
Multi-Connectivity Network Flexibility
User1
MCG SCG User2
ı Initially based on ı Flexible physical layer
MCG Split Split SCG
Bearer Bearer Bearer Bearer
User5
Dual Connectivity numerology User4
with E-UTRA as ı Network Slicing f

eNB gNB
master (MN) (SN) ı NFV/SDN User3
t

5G Network Testing Lab testing
In testbed with prototype UEs (MTPs)
Early days Use Cases Lab Feature and interoperability testing
Field testing with Trial sites

Propagation modelling
Coverage Site type and antenna evaluation
Beamforming Link budget evaluation
Optimization Mobility Field trial Coverage verification
Connectivity Beam management performance
Operational network QoS Dual Connectivity and Mobility KPIs
Tbd e.g. SCS/BWP allocation
Regression eMBB & URLLC QoS differentiations
Tuning
Troubleshooting Network
verification Network verification
Tbd Network acceptance

2019-04-17 12
5G NR Beamforming Scenarios
Beam identification and performance KPIs needed

5G NR Mobility scenarios
New KPIs required for mobility state changes and procedures

5G NR and LTE Dual Connectivity
New KPIs needed for DC procedures and states

5G NR enables QoS differentiation
Identify and map Service quality (QoE) to QoS flows
ı Per packet QoS ID allows differentiating services inside a single session
ı New SDAP (Service Data Application Protocol) maps the QoS flows onto appropriate radio
bearers on the radio protocol side
Packets Data radio bearer

Marking
from with QoS
applications flow IDs
5G-RAN
UPF
Mapping to
data radio
QoS flow 2 PDU bearers
QoS flow 1 session

R&S 5G NR Mobile Network Testing
Roadmap, Plans and Products

Rohde & Schwarz 5G NR Mobile Network Testing
R&S®ROMES
R&S®TSME6
A complete solution for
 Engineering
 Coverage and Co-existence
 Network Performance
QualiPoc Android SmartAnalytics
 Application QoS
 Site acceptance

The phases of 5G NR testing
Phase 1 Phase 4
Lab
Service Monitoring*
Engineering
Field Large scale Verification

Trial Field Field and Optimization and
Engineering Trial pre- Installation acceptance troubleshooting
rollout (continuous process)
Phase 2 Phase 3
Quality/Benchmarking*
Rohde & Schwarz for entire test lifecycle

*Planned

5G NR Product Roadmap commercially not binding; subject to change without prior notice
5GTF network trials/rollouts Precommercial 5G NR network trials Commercial network mass rollout
Data Analytics / Post Processing

SmartAnalytics:
Local/centralized control and data analytics
ROMES Beta ROMES: Real-time measurements and in-field analysis

QualiPoc: Real-time handheld optimization
Data Collection
Scan Phase 2 SmartBenchmarker: QoS Benchmarking
1st Release
Commercial (ACD
5G NR &UEMIB)
beta
5GTF network 5G NR Scanner 5G NR (MTP*, prototypes) Enhanced
5G NR UE New 5G NR UEs* 5G NR SA mode*
measurements beta SW Scanner Phase 1 phase1 Scanning &
Qualcomm Enhanced Scanning Enhanced
NSAmode
NSA mode UE features & UE features Scanning & UE
solution
features
Starting from engineering adding more use cases to be ready for rollouts
2017 / 1Q18 Q2/18 Q3/18 Q1/19 Q2/19 Q2/19 2H19/2020
* depending on availability and customer demand
5G NR RF Scanning

Scanners - What‘s next?
TSMx6-K50 TSMx6 + TSME30DC time
28 GHz 5GTF
backpack 5G NR
5GNR sub 6 GHz
Pre 5G
5GTF (@ 3.7 GHz,
@ 28 GHz) 5G NR 5G NR
5GNR mm-wave (24.25 5GNR mm-wave (24.25
… 29.5 GHz) … 40 + x GHz)
AoA Demonstrator
Today
Prototype track
Commercial product track
Up to 40 GHz prototype backpack
R&S®TSMx6 Ultra Compact RF Scanners
The perfect choice for 5G RF measurements
Drive Test Coverage

Scanning Interference
R&S®TSME6 Channel detection

Multi Multipath propagation
Technologies Spectrum analysis
Layer 3 decoding
Accuracy MIMO
Sensitivity
BTS Position Estimation

5G Network Testing Lab testing
In testbed with prototype UEs (MTPs)
Feature and interoperability testing
Scanner and UE use cases Lab
Field testing with Trial sites

Propagation modelling
Coverage Site type and antenna evaluation
Operational network
Tbd e.g. Beamforming Link budget evaluation
Mobility Coverage verification
Regression Optimization Field trial
Beam management performance
Tuning Connectivity
Dual Connectivity and Mobility KPIs
Troubleshooting QoS SCS/BWP allocation
eMBB & URLLC QoS differentiations
Network
verification Scanner
Network verification
Network acceptance UE

2019-04-17 26
Managing the key RF challenges related to 5G NR RAN
Beamforming and massive Flexibility of air interface
New spectrum
MIMO and gNB configuration
ı Even 3.5 GHz is different from ı How does beamforming work? ı Bandwidth:
today’s frequencies 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60,
80, 100 MHz (FR1)
50, 100, 200, 400 MHz (FR2)
ı Subcarrier Spacing:
15, 30, 60 kHz (FR1)
60, 120, (240) kHz (FR2)
ı Mapping onto antenna ports:
ı What about coverage? single beam / multi beam
ı Spectrum clearance? sweeping
 New technology elements drive the need for (and complexity of)
5G NR network measurements
The 5G NR RF measurement needs
Coverage and Beam and Cell

Beamforming Quality Ranking
Channel
Spectral
characteristics
measurements
and propagation
R&S®TSME6

What do we measure?
5G NR carrier overview
Carrier BW
BWP 1 BWP 2 BWP 3
SSB
SSB
SSB = SSBlock = SS-/PBCH block R&S®TSME6

Why are SSB measurements essential? BWP
SSB
ı The 5G NR UE uses the SSB for
 Synchronization
 System information (MIB/SIB)
 Cell and Beam quality measurements
ı One SSB is always transmitted

 The only Always-On signal in 5G NR
ı Therefore SSB should be used for :

 Coverage measurement
 CIR measurement
R&S®TSME6
 Interference measurement
 Beamforming evaluation

Finding the SSB is now very easy! BWP
SSB
New 5G NR Automatic Channel Detection in Release 18.3
ı 5G NR ACD uses fast spectrum sweep

 Visualized with Grey lines
ı Detected SSBs are visualized

with blue marker
ı 5G NR Scanner configuration
updates automatically
R&S®TSME6

5G NR UE Measurements

5G NR UE Roadmap
NR UE Prototypes NR UE Prototypes First Smartphones Commercial NR UEs
and MTPs NSA & SA modes
First lab NSA EN-DC NSA EN-DC NSA & SA

measurements
• ROMES 18.3 • ROMES 19.0 • SA UEs
• ROMES 18.3 • QualiPoc Beta • QualiPoc • Commercial
Beta 5G Android 19.0 NSA
• Qualcomm • Qualcomm Smartphones
phase 1 phase 2 • New NR
• Enhanced chipsets*
logging (candidates
• R 19.1 Huawei*)
• Samsung
Exynos Ph 1
* depending on availability and customer demand

Successfully tested 5G devices – April 17th 2019
ı 5G Smartphones (Qualcomm):
 Xiaomi Mi Mix 3*
 Oppo Reno 5G*
 LG V50* (ROMES)
ı 5G Routers and Test Platforms
 Qualcomm MTP
 WNC 5G Router v1* & v2*
* customer supplied pre-commercial device

Jan 8th 2019 – Announcing First 5G UE measurements
https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:6488431089424564224
We are very excited to announce that our ROMES4

and QualiPoc products are ready for 5G NR:
Field demonstrations with real 5G devices have been
successful!

First 5G UE measurements
NSA (Non-standalone operation mode)
Option 3
EN-DC (NSA)
EPC 5G
LTE
NR
MN SN
MCG SCG
LTE – 5G NR Dual
Connectivity
eNB gNB measurement in
R&S®ROMES

5G UE measurements – Phase 1 LTE – 5G NR
EN-DC Dual
NSA (Non-standalone operation mode) Connectivity
ı Initial Cell Acquisition Band, NR DL ARFCN
ı NR Serving cell PCI, SSB Index
ı L1 measurements RSRP, RSRQ, SINR
ı L2 data transport performance Thp, MCS, RBs
ı RACH procedure summary and details
ı LTE-NR EN-DC L3 signaling
ı Application layer
5G NR RRC Layer 3
signaling

5G UE measurements Phase 2 – ROMES R19.0
EN-DC Overview LTE - 5G NR

RSRP
5G NR LTE Master
Secondary Node Node
LTE - 5G NR LTE - 5G NR
Serving cell Cell quality
changes measurements

5G UE measurements Phase 2 – ROMES R19.0
EN-DC
Data Transport Performance LTE - 5G NR LTE - 5G NR
BLER RSRP, RSRQ, SINR
5G NR
PDSCH
LTE - 5G NR
Throughput
5G UE Workspace – ROMES 19.0
5G Overview 5G UE RACH DL/UL Data QoS
 Actual serving cell parameters  Details on contention type of
 Thp, block error rates and  Application layer test results
including ARFCN, PCI and triggered RACH
retransmission of Transport and statistics
SSB index  Attempt summary including
Blocks  Application layer testing
 History of serving cell changes counts, final result and beam
 Resource allocation including progress
 Actual cell quality identity
frequency domain allocation of  Downlink throughput side-by-
measurement results  Physical transmission
resource blocks, MCS and side comparison of IP network
ı Uplink and downlink data channel summary including Tx Power
MIMO layers on 5G NR interface with LTE and 5G NR
performance including physical and Pathloss
downlink downlink physical layer
layer throughputs, RB allocation  Details of each RACH
 EN-DC cell quality  Uplink throughput side-by-side
and modulation and coding message: msg1, msg2, msg3
measurement history comparison of IP network
schemes (MCS) and msg4
 EN-DC throughput and BLER interface with LTE and 5G NR
comparison of LTE and 5G uplink physical layer
NR

5G UE measurements Phase 2 – QualiPoc Android 5G R19.0
5G Smartphone
measurements in
QualiPoc 5G NR Cell
LTE Cell
EN-DC Master Node
LTE & 5G NR
DL Data
5G NR Cell
EN-DC Secondary Node

5G UE measurements Phase 2 – QualiPoc Android 5G R19.0
5G Smartphone
measurements in
QualiPoc
5G NR Cell LTE & 5G NR

SSB Coverage Map L3 Signaling

5G NR Post Processing

SmartAnalytics
With Smart Analytics and its versatile use-case driven analytics

features, R&S MNT enables customers to get more value out of
collected data and deeper insights with less manual intervention
This results in higher productivity and efficiency than comparable

products from competition
Obtain meaningful and new insights that will drive investment decisions
Work easily and seamlessly with the data; from statistical Easily share the knowledge with all the
analysis to root-cause evaluation stakeholders

5G NR Network Rollout Challenges
5G flexibility Leads to complexity
Link budget between LTE and 5GNR is the same? Is the gNB transmitting? How does power
coverage difference between LTE and 5GNR? spectrum look like?
How is my SSB Beams coverage? (for a given PCI)

Basic aggregated coverage evaluation
Exporting data of each measurement file individually is time

consuming if there are hundreds of measurement files Aggregate all PCIs for a macro view
Statistics of each PCI and sector coverage after Cell-defining SSBs (for all cells detected)
combining multiple drives

SmartAnalytics Scene – 5G NR Scanner Analysis support
Release 19.0
ı Overview
 Measurement location
 Coverage by SSB Frequency
 Coverage by Cell PCI

Release 19.0
ı 5G Best Cell and Best SSB Coverage
 Best Cell (PCI) / Best SSB (Beam)
 Filtering on Frequency, PCI and SSB
 Zoomed map binning
 Statistical charts

Release 19.0
ı 5G vs 4G Coverage Comparison
 Map grid based coverage comparison
 To compare LTE vs 5G NR propagation
 Filtering on Frequency, PCI and SSB
 Zoomed map binning

Release 19.0
ı 5G Top N
 Detailed time domain data
 Top N Maps and Table with SSB ranking
 Synchronized displays
 BTS list support with Serving Cell lines
 Data Export to CSV

Backup Slides

NR band in FR1 (FDD and TDD)
Band Uplink (UL) operating band Downlink (DL) operating band Downlink (DL) / Uplink (UL) operating band
Band number
number FUL_low – FUL_high [MHz] FDL_low – FDL_high [MHz] Flow – Fhigh [MHz]
n1 1920 – 1980 2110 – 2170 n38 2570 – 2620
n2 1850 – 1910 1930 – 1990 n41 2496 – 2690
n3 1710 – 1785 1805 – 1880 n50 1432 – 1517
n5 824 – 849 869 – 894 n51 1427 – 1432
n7 2500 – 2570 2620 – 2690 n77 3300 – 4200
n8 880 – 915 925 – 960 n78 3300 – 3800
n20 832 – 862 791 – 821 n79 4400 – 5000
n28 703 – 748 758 – 803
n66 1710 – 1780 2110 – 2200
n70 1695 – 1710 1995 – 2020
n71 663 – 698 617 – 652
n74 1427 – 1470 1475 – 1518

NR band in FR1 (FDD – Supplement DL/UL)
Band Uplink (UL) operating band Downlink (DL) operating band Duplex
number FUL_low – FUL_high [MHz] FDL_low – FDL_high [MHz] Mode
n75 N/A 1432 – SDL
n76 N/A 1427 – 1432 SDL
n80 1710 – 1785 N/A SUL
n81 880 – 915 N/A SUL
n82 832 – 862 N/A SUL
n83 703 – 748 N/A SUL
n84 1920 – 1980 N/A SUL
n85 2496 – 2690 N/A SUL

NR band in FR2 (TDD only)
Downlink (DL) / Uplink (UL) operating band
Band number
Flow – Fhigh [GHz]
n257 26.5 – 29.5
n258 24.25 – 27.5
n259 N/A – N/A
n260 37 – 40


5G NR Mobile Network Testing - V.5.1 R19.0

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MNT Product Management

CO M PANY RESTRI CTED

• Define use case

• Define technology framework

CO M PANY RESTRI CTED

CO M PANY RESTRI CTED

3GPP RAN NR Standardization Overview SA:

Status after 3GPP RAN #82 (December 2018)

2017 2018 2019 2020

Rel-15 NR Phase 1: Focus on early NSA / SA Now

Rel-14 Release 15 Rel-15 “Late Drop” Release 16 Rel-17

CO M PANY RESTRI CTED

LTE BS = eNB 5G BS = gNB A base station in a DC (= Dual

CO M PANY RESTRI CTED

EPC NGC NGC NGC

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… … … n257 26.5 – 29.5 GHz 26.5 – 29.5 GHz

n28 (FDD 2.6GHz)

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New Spectrum Massive MIMO / Beamforming

Multi-Connectivity Network Flexibility

with E-UTRA as ı Network Slicing f

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Field testing with Trial sites

CO M PANY RESTRI CTED

CO M PANY RESTRI CTED

CO M PANY RESTRI CTED

CO M PANY RESTRI CTED

Packets Data radio bearer

CO M PANY RESTRI CTED

CO M PANY RESTRI CTED

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Field Large scale Verification

Rohde & Schwarz for entire test lifecycle

CO M PANY RESTRI CTED

Data Analytics / Post Processing

ROMES Beta ROMES: Real-time measurements and in-field analysis

CO M PANY RESTRI CTED

Drive Test Coverage

R&S®TSME6 Channel detection

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Field testing with Trial sites

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Coverage and Beam and Cell

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BWP 1 BWP 2 BWP 3

SSB = SSBlock = SS-/PBCH block R&S®TSME6

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ı One SSB is always transmitted

ı Therefore SSB should be used for :

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ı 5G NR ACD uses fast spectrum sweep

ı Detected SSBs are visualized

CO M PANY RESTRI CTED

CO M PANY RESTRI CTED

First lab NSA EN-DC NSA EN-DC NSA & SA

* depending on availability and customer demand

* customer supplied pre-commercial device

We are very excited to announce that our ROMES4

CO M PANY RESTRI CTED

CO M PANY RESTRI CTED