Santos GLNG Project-Design & Construction Drawings PDF

APPENDIX F – Design and Construction Drawings
BOTTOM OF BANK
BOTTOM OF BANK
TOP OF BANK
TOP OF BANK
LEGEND
10.0m 10.0m TYPE 2
TYPE 2
B'
DEVICE DEVICE
STABILIZE BED AND BANKS ( THICKNESS MINIMUM150mm), USING
GEOTEXTILE, ROCK OR CLEAN COURSE GRAVEL (MINIMUM SIZE 50mm)
8.0 - 12.0m
8.0 - 12.0m
TRAFFICABLE TEMPORARY WORK AREAS AT THE TIME OF ACCESS WAY
DIVERSION BERM TRAFFICABLE CONSTRUCTION
DIVERSION BERM
FLOW
WORK AREA (WIDTH 30.0m)
STANDARD ROW (WIDTH 30.0 - 40.0m)

"NO GO ZONE" BUFFER
WATERCOURSE
PIPELINE AXIS GLADSTONE
NOT TO BE OPEN UNTIL THE TRENCHING WORKS
VARIABLE
WORK AREAS LIMIT DURING PIPELINE CROSSING CONSTRUCTION

(*) LENGTH = 0.00m FOR STANDARD ROW 30m WIDTH
VARIABLE LENGTH = 10.00m FOR STANDARD ROW 40m WIDTH
STABILIZE BED AND BANKS
18.0 - 22.0m
TEMPORARY TRACK
(SEE NOTE 3)
THICKNESS MIM.150mm
VARIABLE
MIN 5.0M
A A'
MIN. 2.0m
NOTES:
MUD, SNAGS, MUD, SNAGS,
VARIABLE
WOODY DEBRIS WOODY DEBRIS 1. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN METERS UNLESS NOTED OTHERWISE. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE.
SEE (*)
TOP SOIL TOP SOIL

STOCKPILE STOCKPILE
2. THE WORKS DESCRIBED IN THIS TYPICAL STANDARD ARE APPLICABLE FOR WATERCOURSE THAT ARE
DRY OR FOR SHALLOW, LOW FLOW WATERCOURSE AT THE TIME OF CONSTRUCTION. IF THE
WATERCOURSE IS FLOWING IN-STREAM EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROLS SHALL BE PLACED IN THE
B
WATERCOURSE.
TYPE 2 "NO GO ZONE" BUFFER TYPE 2
DEVICE DEVICE 3. THIS IS A TYPICAL ( CONCEPT) DRAWING. THE SPECIFIC CONFIGURATION OF THE ACCESS WAY,
10.0m LENGTH VARIABLE 10.0m
SEDIMENT CONTROL AND ETC. MAY VARY DUE TO CONDITIONS. THE KEY FEATURE IS TO HAVE A
MINIMAL DISTURBANCE OF THE WATERCOURSE BED OR FLOWS. THE MAXIMUM WIDE OF WORK
PLAN VIEW AREA FOR ACCESS WAY IS 10m.
4. ALL WORKS SHALL BE CARRIED OUT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE FISHERIES CODE FOR
SELF-DEVELOPMENT-MINOWATERWAY BARRIER WORKS- PART 4: BED LEVEL CROSSINGS,
WATERCOURSE CROSSINGS MANAGEMENT PLAN (3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6040), WATERCOURSE CROSSING
(OPEN CUT) PROCEDURE (3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6026) AND RELEVANT AQUATIC VALUES MANAGEMENT
PLAN.
TRAFFICABLE TRAFFICABLE
DIVERSION BERM DIVERSION BERM 5. TWO SIGNS OF DIMENSIONS 500mm BY 500mm ARE REQUIRED, ONE FOR EACH SIDE OF THE WATER
COURSE AND FACING AWAY FROM WATERCOURSE. THE SIGNS SHALL READ AS PER THE APPLICABLE
ORIGINAL GRADE CODE OF PERMIT.
6. CLEARING OF BANKS AND DISTURBANCE OF THE WATERCOURSE SHALL BE LIMITED TO THAT
GEOTEXTILE SHEET NECESSARY TO CONSTRUCT THE BED LEVEL CROSSING, AND SHALL NOT EXCEED 10.0m WIDTH.
STABILIZE BED AND BANKS 7. VEGETATION SHALL NOT BE FELLED SO AS TO FALL IN THE WATERCOURSE.
THICKNESS MINIMUM150mm 8. EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROLS SHALL BE IMPLEMENTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE
WATERCOURSE WATERCOURSE CROSSING MANAGEMENT PLAN (3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6040) AND THE RELEVANT AQUATIC
10.0m (LENGTH VARIABLE) 10.0m VALUES MANAGEMENT PLAN AND EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL PLAN.
9. SNAGS AND OTHER WOODY DEBRIS LOCATED IN THE WATERCOURSE SHALL BE RELOCATED OUTSIDE
THE "NO GO BUFFER" AREA OF THE TOP OF BANK FOR LATER RE-INSTATEMENT AS PART OF THE
REHABILITATION WORKS.
SECTION A-A' 10. THE EXISTING MATERIAL FROM THE BED AND BANKS MUST BE SALVAGED PRIOR TO CONSTRUCTION
AND STOCKPILED SEPARATELY FOR USE REHABILITATION WORKS AT THE COMPLETION OF
CONSTRUCTION.
VARIABLE 11. ALL SALVAGE MATERIALS WILL BE STOCKPILED SEPARATELY WHERE POSSIBLE.
SEE (*) MIN 2.0m MIN 5.0m VARIABLE VARIABLE (8.0 - 12.0m)
12. ALL OTHER STOCKPILES WILL BE LOCATED NO LESS THAN 10 m FROM THE TOP OF BANK. ALL
WORK AREA LIMIT
WORK AREA LIMIT

STOCKPILES WILL BE PROTECTED ON THE DOWN SLOPE BY A SILT FENCE AND/OR A STOCKPILES BERM
UNTIL SUCH TIME AS THE STOCKPILE IS STABILIZED.
PIPE AXIS
13. ANY SUSPECTED CONTAMINATED MATERIAL UNCOVERED DURING THE WORKS SHOULD BE MANAGED
IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROCEDURE FOR MANAGING UNEXPECTED CONTAMINATION CONTAINED
WITHIN THE CONTAMINATED LAND MANAGEMENT PLAN (3380-SAIP-4-1.3-1993).
14. IF SUSPECTED ASS ARE ENCOUNTERED DURING THE WORKS, THEY SHALL BE MANAGED IN ACCORDING
TOP OF BANK
WITH THE ACID SULPHATE SOILS MANAGEMENT PLAN (3380-SAIP-4-1.3-1832).
FLOW
WATERCOURSE BED BOTTOM
NO GO BUFFER TEMPORARY
GEOTEXTILE SHEET
AREA TRACK
A1
WATERCOURSE WORK AREA 25.0m (SHEET 1 OF 1)
06/10/12
STANDARD ROW (30.0 - 40.0m) Saipem Australia Pty Ltd
TYPICAL STANDARD FOR

SECTION B-B' WATERCOURSE ACCESS WAY.
STABILISED BED LEVEL CROSSING
BOTTOM OF BANK
BOTTOM OF BANK
NOTES:
TOP OF BANK
TOP OF BANK
RIP-RAP
1. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN METERS UNLESS NOTED OTHERWISE. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE. WATERCOURSE FLOW DIRECTION SHOWN
(ENERGY DISSIPATOR
ON THE DRAWING COULD BE REVERSED.
NOTE 12)
B'
10.0m 10.0m
TYPE 2 TYPE 2 2. THE WORK DESCRIBED IN THIS TYPICAL STANDARD ARE APPLICABLE FOR WATERCOURSES AS IDENTIFIED IN THE WATERCOURSE
DEVICE DEVICE CROSSING REGISTER . IF THE WATERCOURSE IS FLOWING IN-STREAM EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROLS SHALL BE PLACED IN THE
WATERCOURSE AT THE TIME OF PIPELINE CROSSING CONSTRUCTION.
3. THE KEY FEATURE IS TO HAVE A MINIMAL DISTURBANCE OF THE WATERCOURSE BED OR FLOWS. THE MAXIMUM WIDE OF WORK
8.0 - 12.0m
8.0 - 12.0m
AREA DURING ACCESS WAY CONSTRUCTION IS 10m WHERE PRACTICABLE.
FLOW
DIVERSION BERM DIVERSION BERM 4. IF THE CREEK IS FLOWING, SILT CURTAIN ( OR SIMILAR IN-STREAM CONTROLS) SHALL BE PLACED IN THE WATERCOURSE AT THE
UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM EXTENT OF THE ROW. THESE WILL BE REMOVED IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING CONSTRUCTION OF

ACCESS CROSSING.
GLADSTONE
WATERCOURSE
PIPELINE AXIS 5. ALL WORKS SHALL BE CARRIED OUT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE WATERCOURSE CROSSINGS MANAGEMENT PLAN
VARIABLE
VARIABLE (3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6040), WATERCOURSE CROSSING (OPEN CUT) PROCEDURE (3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6026) AND RELEVANT AQUATIC
VALUES MANAGEMENT PLAN.
(SEE NOTE 3)
MIN 5.0m
6. ALL WORKS SHALL BE CARRIED OUT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROJECT SPECIFIC CODE FOR DEVELOPMENT - TEMPORARY AND
VARIABLE
MINOR WATERWAY BARRIER WORKS ( 3380-SAIP-4-8.2-7001), THE WORKS SHALL BE CONDUCTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE
18.0 - 22.0m
TEMPORARY TRACK TEMPORARY TRACK
REQUIREMENTS OF THAT CODE AND ANY CONDITIONS OF APPROVAL ISSUED BY DAFF.
7. CAUSEWAY TO BE INSTALLED DURING THE ROW CLEARING.
MIN 2.0m
A A' 8. CLEARING OF THE BANKS AND DISTURBANCE OF THE WATERCOURSE SHALL BE LIMITED TO THAT NECESSARY TO CONSTRUCT THE
ROCK ARMOURING TO CAUSEWAY, AND SHALL NOT EXCEED A TOTAL FOOTPRINT OF 10m WIDE WHERE PRACTICABLE.
STABILISE BATTERS
9. THE FLUME PIPE(S) SHALL BE SUFFICIENT TO PASS FLOWS THAT CAN REASONABLY BE EXPECTED TO OCCUR DURING THE LIFE OF
VARIABLE
THE CROSSING. WHERE FLOW GAUGING DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE, THE SIZING OF THE CULVERTS IS TO BE BASED ON ENGINEERING
SEE (*)

WOODY DEBRIS WOODY DEBRIS JUDGEMENT, TO HAVE A MINIMUM DIAMETER OF 60cm. FLOW PIPE(S) POSITIONED BELOW THE ROCK BANK WILL BE PLACED AT
TOP SOIL TOP SOIL
STOCKPILE STOCKPILE THE START OF CAUSEWAY CONSTRUCTION PHASE. ADDITIONAL FLOW PIPE(S) AND ENERGY DISSIPATOR WILL BE INSTALLED AT THE
START OF STANDARD ROW CLEARING PHASE( SEE SECTION B-B').
10. RIP-RAP/ ARMOUR TO BE PLACED ON BOTH BATTER SLOPES OF THE CAUSEWAY. SAND BAGS MAY BE SUBSTITUTED.
B
TYPE 2 "NO GO ZONE" BUFFER TYPE 2 11. BACKFILL AROUND THE PIPES AT THE ROAD TO USE MATERIAL RECOVERED. MINIMUM COVERAGE MUST BE SUFFICIENT TO
DEVICE DEVICE MAINTAIN STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY OF THE CAUSEWAY.
10.0m LENGTH VARIABLE 10.0m 12. CAUSEWAY WILL BE FINISHED WITH SIZE OF CRUSHED ROCK ( THICKNESS 150mm MINIMUM). RIP-RAP/ ARMOUR TO BE PLACED
ON BOTH BATTER SLOPES OF THE CAUSEWAY. SAND BAGS MAY BE SUBSTITUTED ( 100mm SIZE).
PLAN VIEW 13. RIP-RAP ( ENERGY DISSIPATOR) TO BE PLACED LEVEL WITH THE BED AT THE DOWNSTREAM CULVERT OUTLET EXTENDING A MIN.OF
2.5PIPE DIAMETERS.
TEMPORARY TRACK 14. TO REDUCE THE RISK OF SEDIMENTS ENTERING THE WATERWAY, THE APPROACHES SHOULD BE RAISED AND GRAVELED A
TEMPORARY TRACK SUFFICIENT DISTANCE BACK FROM THE WATER. IF CUTS ARE NEEDED TO OBTAIN A SATISFACTORY GRADE, THEY ARE TO BE DUG
ORIGINAL GRADE WITH SIDE DITCHED AND STABLE SLOPES. TRAFFICABLE DIVERSION BERM ON CATCH DRAINS SHALL BE INSTALLED AT THE TOP OF
DIVERSION BERM DIVERSION BERM
APPROACHES. THESE SHALL TERMINATE IN TYPE 2 SED DEVICES.
15. PERIODICALLY INSPECT THE CAUSEWAY AND REMOVE ANY BUILD-UP OF SEDIMENT OR DEBRIS FROM THE PIPES OR CAUSEWAY.
VARIABLE
16. NO SODIC SOILS TO BE USED FOR ANY CAUSEWAY WORKS.
17. DISTANCE BETWEEN EDGE OF THE BASE OF THE CAUSEWAY TO THE PIPELINE CENTER LINE IS APPROX 14.0m . ACTUAL SEPARATION
GEOTEXTILE SHEET DISTANCE TO BE DETERMINED ON SITE AND CONSIDER HEIGHT AND WIDTH OF BANKS.
18. VEGETATION SHALL NOT BE FELLED SO AS TO FALL IN THE WATERCOURSE.
FLOW PIPES PLACED ON LOWEST
19. EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROLS SHALL BE IMPLEMENTED IN ACCORDING WITH THE WATERCOURSE CROSSING MANAGEMENT
POINT OF WATERCOURSE
PLAN (3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6040) AND THE RELEVANT AQUATIC VALUES MANAGEMENT PLAN AND EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL
WATER COURSE PLAN.
10.0m (LENGTH VARIABLE) 10.0m
20. IF THE CREEK IS FLOWING, SILT CURTAIN ( OR SIMILAR IN-STREAM CONTROLS) SHALL BE PLACED IN THE WATERCOURSE AT THE
UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM EXTENT OF THE ROW. THESE WILL BE REMOVED IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING CONSTRUCTION OF
ACCESS CROSSING.
SECTION A-A' 21. SNAGS AND OTHER WOODY DEBRIS LOCATED IN THE WATERCOURSE SHALL BE RELOCATED OUTSIDE OF THE WORKS FOOTPRINT
OR STOCKPILED SEPARATELY WHERE POSSIBLE LANDWARD OF THE TOP OF BANK FOR LATER RE-INSTATEMENT AS PART OF THE
REHABILITATION WORK, OUTSIDE THE BUFFER AREA.
VARIABLE (18.0 - 22.0m)
22. THE EXISTING BED AND BANK MATERIAL MUST BE SALVAGED PRIOR TO CONSTRUCTION AND PLACED BACK INTO THE
VARIABLE WATERCOURSE AT THE COMPLETION OF CONSTRUCTION. STOCKPILES OF SPOIL OR MATERIAL EXCAVATED FROM THE BED OR
PIPE AXIS
SEE (*) MIN 2.0m MIN 5.0m VARIABLE VARIABLE (8.0 - 12.0m) BANKS OF THE WATERCOURSE SHALL BE STOCKPILED SEPARATELY WHERE POSSIBLE AND AT LEAST 10m LANDWARD OF THE TOP
OF BANK AND PROTECTED ON THE DOWNSLOPE SIDE BY A SILT FENCE AND/OR AN ADEQUATE STOCKPILE BERM. ALL OTHER
WORK AREA LIMIT
WORK AREA LIMIT
STOCKPILES WILL BE LOCATED NO LESS THAN 10 m FROM THE TOP OF BANK.

BACK FILLING TO USE 23. ANY SUSPECTED CONTAMINATED MATERIAL UNCOVERED DURING THE WORKS SHOULD BE MANAGED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE
MATERIAL RECOVERED ON THE ROW PROCEDURE FOR MANAGING UNEXPECTED CONTAMINATION CONTAINED WITHIN THE CONTAMINATED LAND MANAGEMENT
PLAN (3380-SAIP-4-1.3-1993).
RIP-RAP OR SAND BAGS
VARIABLE (THICKNESS MINIMUM 150mm)
TOP OF BANK
LEGEND
FLOW
CONSTRUCTION STABLE APPROACH ROAD USING MATERIAL
WATERCOURSE BED BOTTOM INDICATED IN THE NOTES 9, 10, 11, 12
NO GO BUFFER TEMPORARY GEOTEXTILE SHEET
RIP-RAP TEMPORARY WORK AREAS AT THE TIME OF ACCESS WAY
AREA TRACK
(ENERGY DISSIPATOR) CONSTRUCTION
APPENDIX: A2
"NO GO ZONE" BUFFER (SHEET 1 OF 1)
WATERCOURSE WORK AREA 30.0m
DATE:
06/10/12
STANDARD ROW (30.0-40.0m) NOT TO BE OPEN UNTIL THE TRENCHING WORKS Saipem Australia Pty Ltd
DOCUMENT NAME:
FLOW PIPES PLACED ON LOWEST WORK AREAS LIMIT DURING PIPELINE CROSSING CONSTRUCTION
POINT OF WATERCOURSE TYPICAL STANDARD FOR
SECTION B-B' (*) LENGTH = 0.00m FOR STANDARD ROW 30m WIDTH WATERCOURES ACCESS WAY.
LENGTH = 10.00m FOR STANDARD ROW 40m WIDTH
CAUSEWAY CROSSING.
BOTTOM OF BANK
BOTTOM OF BANK
TOP OF BANK
TOP OF BANK
10.0m 10.0m
TYPE 2 TYPE 2
DEVICE DEVICE
LEGEND
8.0 - 12.0m
8.0 - 12.0m
FLOW
TRAFFICABLE TRAFFICABLE TEMPORARY WORK AREAS AT THE TIME OF ACCESS WAY
DIVERSION BERM DIVERSION BERM CONSTRUCTION

"NO GO ZONE" BUFFER
WATERCOURSE
NOT TO BE OPEN UNTIL THE TRENCHING WORKS
VARIABLE
WORK AREAS LIMIT DURING PIPELINE CROSSING CONSTRUCTION

STABILIZE RAMPS APPROACH
WITH GRAVEL OR ROCK MATERIAL (*) LENGTH = 0.00m FOR STANDARD ROW 30m WIDTH
B'
18.0 - 22.0m
TEMPORARY TRACK TEMPORARY LENGTH = 10.00m FOR STANDARD ROW 40m WIDTH
(SEE NOTE)
BRIDGE TEMPORARY TRACK
VARIABLE
MIN 5.0M
A A'
MIN 2.0m

VARIABLE
WOODY DEBRIS WOODY DEBRIS

SEE (*)
TOP SOIL TOP SOIL

STOCKPILE STOCKPILE
B
"NO GO ZONE" BUFFER TYPE 2
TYPE 2
DEVICE
NOTES:
DEVICE
10.0m LENGTH VARIABLE 10.0m 1. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN METERS UNLESS NOTED OTHERWISE. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE.
2. THE WORKS DESCRIBED IN THIS TYPICAL STANDARD ARE APPLICABLE FOR WATERCOURSES AS IDENTIFIED IN THE
WATERCOURSE CROSSING REGISTER. IF THE WATERCOURSE IS FLOWING IN-STREAM EROSION AND SEDIMENT
PLAN VIEW CONTROLS SHALL BE PLACED IN THE WATERCOURSE AT THE TIME OF PIPELINE CROSSING CONSTRUCTION.
3. THE KEY FEATURE IS TO HAVE A MINIMAL DISTURBANCE OF THE WATERCOURSE BED OR FLOWS. THE MAXIMUM
WIDE OF WORK AREA DURING ACCESS WAY CONSTRUCTION IS 10m.
4. THIS IS A TYPICAL (CONCEPT) DRAWING. THE SPECIFIC CONFIGURATION OF THE ACCESS WAY, SEDIMENT CONTROLS
AND ETC. MAY VARY DUE TO SITE CONDITIONS.
STABILIZE RAMPS APPROACH TEMPORARY BRIDGE
WITH GRAVEL OR ROCK MATERIAL 5. ALL WORKS SHALL BE CARRIED OUT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE WATERCOURSE CROSSINGS MANAGEMENT PLAN
(3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6040), WATERCOURSE CROSSING (OPEN CUT) PROCEDURE (3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6026) AND THE
TRAFFICABLE TRAFFICABLE RELEVANT AQUATIC VALUES MANAGEMENT PLAN.
DIVERSION BERM DIVERSION BERM 6. THE LEVEL OF THE UNDERSIDE OF THE BRIDGE SHALL BE SUFFICIENT TO PASS FLOWS THAT CAN REASONABLY BE
EXPECTED TO OCCUR DURING THE LIFE OF THE CROSSING BASED ON ENGINEERING JUDGEMENT.
7. THE BRIDGE STRUCTURES TO BE DESIGNED, FABRICATED AND INSTALLED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE AUSTRALIAN
STANDARDS, RELEVANT STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS. THE BRIDGE IS TO BE INSTALLED IN A MANNER SO AS TO
MINIMISE THE RISK OF SEDIMENT ENTERING THE WATERWAY DURING USE. CURBS MUST BE INSTALLED ALONG THE
EDGE OF THE DECK TO CONTAIN SEDIMENTS AND OTHER DEBRIS.
WATERCOURSE BANKS 8. THE APPROACHES SHOULD BE RAISED AND GRAVELED A SUFFICIENT DISTANCE BACK FROM THE WATER.
ENSURE ADEQUATE CLEARANCE
TO PROVIDE FOR 9. PERIODICALLY CHECK THE BRIDGE INSTALLATION AND REMOVE ANY BUILD-UP OF SEDIMENT OR DEBRIS ON THE
INCREASE IN-STREAM FLOW BRIDGE, AND FOR DISPOSAL REFEREED TO WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN (3380-SAIP-4-1.3-1806).
WATER LEVEL
WATERCOURSE 10.DISTANCE BETWEEN EDGE OF THE BRIDGE TO THE PIPELINE CENTER LINE IS VARIABLE. THE SEPARATION DISTANCE
(LENGTH VARIABLE) TO BE DETERMINED ON SITE AND CONSIDER HEIGHT AND WIDTH OF BANKS.
10.0m 10.0m
11.VEGETATION SHALL NOT BE FELLED SO AS TO FALL IN THE WATERCOURSE.
12.EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROLS SHALL BE IMPLEMENTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE WATERCOURSE
CROSSINGS MANAGEMENT PLAN (3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6040) AND THE RELEVANT AQUATIC VALUES MANAGEMENT PLAN
AND EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL PLAN.
SECTION A-A' 13.STOCKPILES OF BED OR BANK MATERIAL WILL BE LOCATED NO LESS THAN 10m FROM TOP OF BANK. ALL OTHER
STOCKPILES WILL BE LOCATED NO LESS THAN 10m FROM TOP OF BANK. ALL SALVAGED MATERIALS WILL BE
STOCKPILED SEPARATELY WHERE POSSIBLE.
14.ANY SUSPECTED CONTAMINATED MATERIAL UNCOVERED DURING THE WORKS SHOULD BE MANAGED IN
ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROCEDURE FOR MANAGING UNEXPECTED CONTAMINATION CONTAINED WITHIN THE
CONTAMINATED LAND MANAGEMENT PLAN (3380-SAIP-4-1.3-1993).
ALL BRIDGES TO HAVE 15.IF SUSPECTED ASS ARE ENCOUNTERED DURING THE WORKS, THEY SHALL BE MANAGED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE
CURBS TO CONTAIN ACID SULPHATE SOILS MANAGEMENT PLAN (3380-SAIP-4-1.3-1832).
MINIMUM 2.2m ( DECK WIDTH) SEDIMENT OR DEBRIS
DECK MUST BE SEALED TO

PREVENT SEDIMENT OR DEBRIS APPENDIX:
A3
ENTERING WATERCOURSE (SHEET 1 OF 1)
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TO BE
DESIGNED TO SUPPORT DATE:
EXPECTED LOADS 06/10/12

Saipem Australia Pty Ltd
DOCUMENT NAME:
SECTION B-B' WATERCOURSE ACCESS WAY.
BRIDGE ( STEEL RAMP) CROSSING.
LEGEND
BOTTOM OF BANK
BOTTOM OF BANK
A'
TOP OF BANK
TOP OF BANK
TYPE 2 TYPE 2 TEMPORARY ACCESS WAY. CONSTRUCTIVE TYPOLOGIES DESCRIBED
IN THE TYPICAL STANDARD A1, A2 ,A3 AND A4 SHALL BE APPLIED.
DEVICE DEVICE
TEMPORARY WORK AREAS AT THE TIME OF PIPELINE
FLOW
CROSSING CONSTRUCTION
8.0 - 10.0m
8.0 - 12.0m
"NO GO ZONE" BUFFER
WORK AREA WIDTH 30.0m

GLADSTONE LENGTH = 10.00m FOR STANDARD ROW 40m WIDTH
STANDARD ROW (WIDTH 30-40m)

PIPELINE AXIS
WATERCOURSE
VARIABLE
18.0 - 22.0m
NOTES:
MIN 5.0M
TEMPORARY 1. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN METERS UNLESS NOTED OTHERWISE. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE.
VEHICLE CROSSING
2. THE WORKS DESCRIBED IN THIS TYPICAL STANDARD ARE APPLICABLE FOR WATERCOURSE THAT ARE DRY
MIN 2.0m
AT THE TIME OF CONSTRUCTION. IF THE WATERCOURSE FLOWING IN-STREAM EROSION AND SEDIMENT
CONTROLS SHALL BE PLACED IN THE WATERCOURSE.
MUD, SNAGS, MUD, SNAGS, 3. THIS IS A TYPICAL (CONCEPT) DRAWING. THE SPECIFIC CONFIGURATION OF THE ACCESS WAY, SEDIMENT
VARIABLE
CONTROL MAY VARY DUE TO SITE CONDITIONS.

SEE (*)
TOP SOIL TOP SOIL

STOCKPILE STOCKPILE 4. TEMPORARY ACCESS WAY COULD VARY ACCORDING TO CONDITIONS AS BED LEVEL CROSSING; NORMAL
LEVEL CROSSING; CAUSEWAY OR ELEVATED BRIDGE/ STEEL RAMP ( SEE TYPICAL DRAWINGS A1, A2 AND
A3).
5. ALL WORKS SHALL BE CARRIED OUT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE WATERCOURSE CROSSINGS
A
MANAGEMENT PLAN (3380-SA1P-4-3.3-6040), WATERCOURSE CROSSING (OPEN CUT) PROCEDURE
TYPE 2 "NO GO ZONE" TYPE 2 (3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6026) AND THE RELEVANT AQUATIC VALUES MANAGEMENT PLAN.
DEVICE BUFFER DEVICE 6. THE AMOUNT OF TIME THE TRENCH IS OPEN WILL BE MINIMISED. BACKFILL WILL COMMENCE AS SOON AS
10.0m POSSIBLE AFTER PIPELAY.
10.0m LENGTH VARIABLE
7. THE TRENCH WIDTH AND DEPTH WILL BE MINIMISED TO REDUCE SPOIL GENERATION WHERE POSSIBLE.
TRENCH SHORING OR OTHER ALTERNATIVE MEASURES SHOULD BE USED IF REQUIRED.
8. THE RISK OF FAUNA ENTRAPMENT IN THE TRENCH SHALL BE MINIMISED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE
PLAN VIEW SPECIES MANAGEMENT PLAN (DOC. NO: 3380-SAIP-4-1.3-1963) AND THE FAUNA HANDLING PROCEDURE
(DOC. NO: 3380-SA1P-4-1.3-1965).
9. TRENCHING ON APPROACHES TO WET WATERCOURSES WILL CEASE, LEAVING HARD TRENCH PLUGS IN
PLACE FOR THE MAXIMUM PERIOD POSSIBLE PENDING PIPE LAYING.
10. TRENCH PLUGS SHALL BE EXCAVATED AND REPLACED WITH TRENCH BLOCKS OR SACK BREAKERS ABOVE
THE SLOPE AND, AS REQUIRED, DOWN THE SLOPE TO PREVENT TURBID WATER FROM DIRECTLY ENTERING
WATERWAYS.
VARIABLE 11. IN THE EVENT THAT A VISIBLE SEDIMENT PLUME IS OBSERVED OUTSIDE OF THE WORKS AREA THE WORKS
SEE (*) MIN 2.0m SHALL CEASE, AND THE EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROLS WILL BE INSPECTED AND REPAIRED AND/OR
MIN 5.0m VARIABLE VARIABLE 8.0 - 12.0m UPGRADED AS REQUIRED.
12. EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROLS SHALL BE IMPLEMENTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE WATERCOURSE
WORK AREA LIMIT
WORK AREA LIMIT

CROSSINGS MANAGEMENT PLAN (3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6040) AND THE RELEVANT AQUATIC VALUES
MANAGEMENT PLAN AND EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL PLAN.
13. IF THE CREEK IS FLOWING, SILT CURTAINS (OR SIMILAR IN-STREAM CONTROLS) SHALL BE PLACED IN THE
WATERCOURSE AT THE UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM EXTENT OF THE ROW.
PIPE AXIS
14. SNAGS AND OTHER WOODY DEBRIS LOCATED IN THE WATERCOURSE SHALL BE RELOCATED OUTSIDE OF
DESIGN DEPTH THE WORKS FOOTPRINT OR STOCKPILED LANDWARD OF THE TOP OF BANK FOR LATER RE-INSTATEMENT
OF COVER AS PART OF THE REHABILITATION WORKS, OUTSIDE OF THE BUFFER AREA. ALL OTHERS STOCKPILES WILL
BE LOCATED NO LESS THAN 10m FROM THE TOP OF BANK OR 50m FOR HIGH AQUATIC VALVE
WATERCOURSES.
TOP OF BANK
15. THE EXISTING BED AND BANK MATERIAL MUST BE SALVAGED PRIOR TO THE CONSTRUCTION AND PLACED
BACK INTO THE WATERCOURSE AT THE COMPLETION OF CONSTRUCTION. STOCKPILES OF SPOIL OR
MATERIAL EXCAVATED FROM THE BED OR BANKS OF THE WATERCOURSE SHALL BE STOCKPILED
FLOW SEPARATELY WHERE POSSIBLE, AND AT LEAST 10m LANDWARD OF THE TOP OF BANK AND PROTECTED ON
THE DOWNSLOPE SIDE BY A SILT FENCE AND/OR AN ADEQUATE STOCKPILE BERM, UNTIL STABILIZED.
TEMPORARY BOTTOM WATERCOURSE BED 16. ANY SUSPECTED CONTAMINATED MATERIAL UNCOVERED DURING THE WORKS SHOULD BE MANAGED IN
NO GO BUFFER ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROCEDURE FOR MANAGING UNEXPECTED CONTAMINATION CONTAINED
VEHICLE CROSSING WITHIN THE CONTAMINATED LAND MANAGEMENT PLAN (3380-SAIP-4-1.3-1993).
AREA (TYPOLOGIES IN
OPEN CUT 17. IF SUSPECTED ASS ARE ENCOUNTERED DURING THE WORKS, THEY SHALL BE MANAGED IN ACCORDANCE
TYPICAL STANDARD WITH THE ACID SULPHATE SOILS MANAGEMENT PLAN (3380-SAIP-4-1.3-1832).
TRENCH
A1, A2 AND A3)
18. REESTABLISH SEDIMENT AND EROSION CONTROL ASAP AFTER PIPE IS BACKFILLED OR IF RAIN IS IMMINENT.
WATERCOURSE WORK AREA 25.0 - 30.0m
STANDARD ROW (30.0 - 40.0m)
APPENDIX:
B1
(SHEET 1 OF 1)
SECTION A-A' DATE:

06/10/12
DOCUMENT NAME:
WATERCOURSE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION.
STANDARD MAINLINE METHOD.
NOTES:
1. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN METERS UNLESS NOTED OTHERWISE. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE. FLOWING DIRECTION
MAY BE OPPOSITE TO WHAT THE DRAWING SHOW.
BOTTOM OF BANK
BOTTOM OF BANK
2. THE WORKS DESCRIBED IN THIS TYPICAL STANDARD ARE APPLICABLE FOR SHALLOW, LOW FLOW WATERCOURSES
DAM/MINOR RIP-RAP AT THE TIME OF CONSTRUCTION. IF THE WATERCOURSE FLOWING IN-STREAM EROSION AND SEDIMENT
( FOR CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL SEE NOTE) CONTROLS SHALL BE PLACED IN THE WATERCOURSE.
(ENERGY DISSIPATOR)
A'
TOP OF BANK
TOP OF BANK
TYPE 2 3. THE AREA BETWEEN THE MINOR DAMS IS DE-WATERED. FLOWS COULD BE CONVEYED THROUGH / AROUND THE
TYPE 2 SITE VIA EITHER FLOW PIPES; A PIPED DIVERSION CONTROLLED VIA A PUMP OR A FLUME.
DEVICE DEVICE
FLOW
4. THE TEMPORARY WATERCOURSE ACCESS WAY COULD BE CONSTRUCTED VIA EITHER A NORMAL LEVEL CROSSING
MINOR DAM ( SEE TYPICAL DRAWING A2) OR A PREFABRICATED ELEVATE BRIDGE / STEEL RAMP ( SEE TYPICAL A4).
TRAFFICABLE
8.0 - 12.0m
8.0 - 8.0m
( FOR CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL SEE NOTE) DIVERSION BERM 5. ALL WORKS SHALL BE CARRIED OUT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE WATERCOURSE CROSSING MANAGEMENT PLAN (
3380 - SAIP-4-3.3-6040), WATERCOURSE CROSSING ( OPEN CUT) PROCEDURE ( 3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6026) AND THE
GLADSTONE RELEVANT AQUATIC VALUES MANAGEMENT PLAN.
6. MINOR DAMS SHALL BE CONSTRUCTED OF APPROPRIATE MATERIALS SO AS TO MINIMIZE SEDIMENTATION (E.G.

PIPELINE AXIS
STEEL PLATES, SAND BAGS, GRAVEL BAGS, SHEET PILING OR INFLATABLE DAMS). THE USE OF UNPROTECTED

EARTHEN DAMS SHALL BE AVOIDED. THE LOWER DAM COULD NOT BE BUILT IF IT IS LOCATED DOWNSTREAM
WATERCOURSE
AND THE HYDRAULIC CONDITIONS OF THE WATERCOURSE ALLOWS.
VARIABLE
7. DE-WATERING SHOULD CEASE WHEN WATER LEVELS WITHIN THE WATERCOURSE REACH THE CRITICAL LEVEL
NECESSARY TO SUSTAIN AQUATIC FAUNA SUCH AS FISH. ANY AQUATIC FAUNA (I.E. FISH, TURTLES OR FROGS)
TRAFFICABLE TRAPPED IN ANY IMPOUNDMENTS AREAS WILL BE SALVAGED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE FAUNA HANDLING
CULVERT
18.0 - 22.0m
DIVERSION BERM PROCEDURE (DOC. NO: 3380-SA1P-4-1.3-1965) AND THE DPIF (2004) FISH SALVAGE GUIDELINES, AFTER WHICH
TIME, DE-WATERING MAY RE-COMMENCE.
VARIABLE
MIN 5.0M
8. ALL DE-WATERING, INCLUDING ANY WELL POINT DE-WATERING NECESSARY TO STABILIZE SATURATED SOILS,
TEMPORARY MUST BE CONDUCTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROCEDURE OUTLINED IN THE WATER QUALITY
VEHICLE CROSSING MANAGEMENT PLAN (DOC. NO: 3380-SAIP-4-1.34947).
9. ANY PUMPS USED FOR DE-WATERING OR BYPASSING SHALL BE BUNDED TO PREVENT FUEL SPILL
CONTAMINATION.
MIN 2.0m
10.THE INTAKE TO THE PUMPED BYPASS WILL BE SCREENED WITH AN INTAKE SCREEN NO LARGER THAN 2.54mm TO
PREVENT THE INGRESS OF BIOTA.
VARIABLE
11.THE AMOUNT OF TIME THE TRENCH IS OPEN WILL BE MINIMIZED. BACKFILL WILL COMMENCE AS SOON AS
SEE (*)
FLOW
TOP SOIL TOP SOIL POSSIBLE AFTER PIPELAY.
STOCKPILE STOCKPILE
12.THE TRENCH WIDTH AND DEPTH WILL BE MINIMIZED TO REDUCE SPOIL GENERATION WHERE POSSIBLE. TRENCH
SHORING OR OTHER ALTERNATIVE MEASURES SHOULD BE USED IF REQUIRED.
13.DIVERTED FLOWS WILL BE PUMPED INTO A GEOFABRIC-LINED CONTAMINANT AREA AND SUBJECT TO A
TYPE 2 "NO GO ZONE" BUFFER A PUMP
TYPE 2 CONTROLLED RELEASE BACK INTO THE WATERCOURSE SO AS TO MINIMIZE THE RISK OF SCOUR AND EROSION.
DEVICE DEVICE 14.THE RISK OF FAUNA ENTRAPMENT IN THE TRENCH SHALL BE MINIMIZED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE SPECIES
INTAKE HOSE
FILTER / SCREEN MANAGEMENT PLAN (DOC. NO: .3380-SAIP-4-1.3-1963) AND THE FAUNA HANDLING PROCEDURE (DOC. NO:
3380-SAIP-4-1.3-1965).
10.0m LENGTH VARIABLE 10.0m 15.TRENCHING ON APPROACHES TO WET WATERCOURSES WILL CEASE, LEAVING HARD TRENCH PLUGS IN PLACE FOR
THE MAXIMUM PERIOD POSSIBLE PENDING PIPE LAYING.
16.TRENCH PLUGS SHALL BE EXCAVATED AND REPLACED WITH TRENCH BLOCKS OR SACK BREAKERS ABOVE THE
PLAN VIEW SLOPE AND, AS REQUIRED, DOWN THE SLOPE TO PREVENT TURBID WATER FROM DIRECTLY ENTERING
WATERWAYS.
17.IN THE EVENT THAT A VISIBLE SEDIMENT PLUME IS OBSERVED OUTSIDE OF THE WORKS AREA THE WORKS SHALL
CEASE, AND THE EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROLS WILL BE INSPECTED AND REPAIRED AND/OR UPGRADED AS
REQUIRED.
18.EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROLS SHALL BE IMPLEMENTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE WATERCOURSE
CROSSINGS MANAGEMENT PLAN (3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6040) AND THE RELEVANT AQUATIC VALUES MANAGEMENT
VARIABLE PLAN AND EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL PLAN.
SEE (*) MIN 2.0m MIN 5.0m VARIABLE VARIABLE (8.0 - 12.0m)
19.THE CREEK IS FLOWING, SILT CURTAINS (OR SIMILAR IN-STREAM CONTROLS) SHALL BE PLACED IN THE
WORK AREA LIMIT
WORK AREA LIMIT

WATERCOURSE AT THE UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM EXTENT OF THE ROW.
20.SNAGS AND OTHER WOODY DEBRIS LOCATED IN THE WATERCOURSE SHALL BE RELOCATED OUTSIDE OF THE
WORKS FOOTPRINT OR STOCKPILED LANDWARD OF THE TOP OF BANK FOR LATER RE-INSTATEMENT AS PART OF
MINOR DAM ( DOWNSTREAM, THE REHABILITATION WORKS.
WHENEVER NECESSARY)
DESIGN DEPTH 21.THE EXISTING BED AND BANK MATERIAL MUST BE SALVAGED PRIOR TO THE CONSTRUCTION AND PLACED BACK
PIPE AXIS
MINOR DAM UPSTREAM INTO THE WATERCOURSE AT THE COMPLETION OF CONSTRUCTION. STOCKPILES OF SPOIL OR MATERIAL
OF COVER
EXCAVATED FROM THE BED OR BANKS OF THE WATERCOURSE SHALL BE STOCKPILED AT LEAST 10m or 50m ( FOR
TOP OF BANK HIGH AQUATIC VALVE WATERCOURSE) LANDWARD OF THE TOP OF BANK AND PROTECTED ON THE DOWNSLOPE
SIDE BY A SILT FENCE AND/OR AN ADEQUATE STOCKPILE BERM, UNTIL STABILIZED. ALL SALVAGED MATERIAL
WILL BE STOCKPILED SEPARATELY WHERE POSSIBLE.
FLOW 22.ALL OTHER STOCKPILES WILL BE LOCATED NO LESS THAN 10m OR 50m FROM TOP OF BANK.
23.ANY SUSPECTED CONTAMINATED MATERIAL UNCOVERED DURING THE WORKS SHOULD BE MANAGED IN
TEMPORARY WATERCOURSE BED BOTTOM ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROCEDURE FOR MANAGING UNEXPECTED CONTAMINATION CONTAINED WITHIN THE
VEHICLE CROSSING CONTAMINATED LAND MANAGEMENT PLAN (3380-SAIP-4-L3-1993).
(TYPOLOGIES IN OPEN CUT 24.IF SUSPECTED ASS ARE ENCOUNTERED DURING THE WORKS, THEY SHALL BE MANAGED IN ACCORDANCE WITH
TYPICAL STANDARD TRENCH THE ACID SULPHATE SOILS MANAGEMENT PLAN (3380-SAIP-4-1.3-1832).
NO GO BUFFER A1, A2 AND A3)
AREA WATERCOURSE WORK AREA 30.0m 25.THIS IS A TYPICAL ( CONCEPT) DRAWING. THE SPECIFIC CONFIGURATION OF THE ACCESS WAY, SEDIMENT
CONTROL AND ETC. MAY VARY DUE TO SITE CONDITIONS.

LEGEND
SECTION A - A' TEMPORARY ACCESS WAY. CONSTRUCTIVE TYPOLOGIES DESCRIBED

IN THE TYPICAL STANDARD A1, A2, A3 AND A4 SHALL BE APPLIED.
APPENDIX:
B2
(SHEET 1 OF 1)
DATE:
TEMPORARY WORK AREAS AT THE TIME OF PIPELINE 06/10/12
DOCUMENT NAME:
"NO GO ZONE" BUFFER
(*) LENGTH = 0.00m FOR STANDARD ROW 30m WIDTH MINOR DAM AND PUMP.
TOP OF BANK
BOTTOM OF BANK
BOTTOM OF BANK
TOP OF BANK
LEGEND
DAM/MINOR
( FOR CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL SEE NOTE 6) TEMPORARY ACCESS WAY. CONSTRUCTIVE TYPOLOGIES DESCRIBED
B'
RIP-RAP
TYPE 2 (ENERGY DISSIPATOR) TYPE 2 IN THE TYPICAL STANDARD A1, A2, A3 AND A4 SHALL BE APPLIED.
FLOW
DEVICE DEVICE
8.0 - 12.0m
8.0 - 12.0m
"NO GO ZONE" BUFFER

GLADSTONE
WATERCOURSE
PIPELINE AXIS
VARIABLE
ROCK ARMOURING TO
STABILISE BATTERS
18.0 - 22.0m
MIN 2.0m
TEMPORARY TRACK FLOW PIPES PLACED ON LOWEST VARIABLE

POINT OF WATERCOURSE TEMPORARY TRACK
NOTES:
MIN 5.0M
1. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN METERS UNLESS NOTED OTHERWISE.DRAWING NOT TO SCALE.

A A' 2. THE WORKS DESCRIBED IN THIS TYPICAL STANDARD ARE APPLICABLE FOR WATERCOURSES FLOWING AS IDENTIFIED IN THE WATERCOURSE
CROSSING REGISTER. IN-STREAM EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROLS SHALL BE PLACED IN THE WATERCOURSE BED AT THE TIME OF PIPELINE
MIN 2.0m
CROSSING CONSTRUCTION.
3. FLOW DIRECTION MAY BE OPPOSITE TO WHAT THE DRAWING SHOWS. THE LOWER DAM COULD NOT BE BUILT IF IT IS LOCATED
MUD, SNAGS, MUD, SNAGS, DOWNSTREAM AND THE HYDRAULIC CONDITIONS OF THE WATERCOURSE ALLOWS.
VARIABLE

SEE (*)
4. THE AREA DOWNSTREAM TO CAUSEWAY WILL BE ABLE TO DE-WATERED, AND FLOWS ARE CONVEYED THROUGH / AROUND THE SITE VIA
FLOW
TOP SOIL TOP SOIL
STOCKPILE STOCKPILE EITHER FLOW PIPES OR A FLUME.
5. THIS IS A TYPICAL (CONCEPT) DRAWING. THE SPECIFIC CONFIGURATION OF THE ACCESS WAY, SEDIMENT CONTROL AND ETC. MAY VARY DUE
TO SITE CONDITIONS.
6. ALL WORKS SHALL BE CARRIED OUT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE WATERCOURSE CROSSINGS MANAGEMENT PLAN (3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6040),
B
TYPE 2 "NO GO ZONE" BUFFER TYPE 2 WATERCOURSE CROSSING (OPEN CUT) PROCEDURE (3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6026) AND THE RELEVANT AQUATIC VALUES MANAGEMENT PLAN.
DEVICE DEVICE 7. CAUSEWAY TO BE INSTALLED DURING ROW CLEARING. REFER TO TYPICAL CAUSEWAY CROSSING DRAWING (A2).
10.0m LENGTH VARIABLE 10.0m 8. MINOR DAMS SHALL BE CONSTRUCTED OF APPROPRIATE MATERIALS SO AS TO MINIMISE SEDIMENTATION (E.G. STEEL PLATES, SAND BAGS,
GRAVEL BAGS, SHEET PILING OR INFLATABLE DAMS). THE USE OF UNPROTECTED EARTHEN DAMS SHALL BE AVOIDED.
9. DIVERTED FLOWS WILL BE PUMPED INTO A GEOFABRIC-LINED CONTAMINANT AREA AND SUBJECT TO A CONTROLLED RELEASE BACK INTO THE
PLAN VIEW WATERCOURSE SO AS TO MINIMISE THE RISK OF SCOUR AND EROSION.
10. DE-WATERING SHOULD CEASE WHEN WATER LEVELS WITHIN THE WATERCOURSE REACH THE CRITICAL LEVEL NECESSARY TO SUSTAIN
TEMPORARY TRACK AQUATIC FAUNA SUCH AS FISH. ANY AQUATIC FAUNA (I.E. FISH, TURTLES OR FROGS) TRAPPED IN ANY IMPOUNDMENTS AREAS WILL BE
SALVAGED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE FAUNA HANDLING PROCEDURE (DOC. NO: 3380-SA1P-4-1.3-1965) AND THE DPIF (2004) FISH SALVAGE
TEMPORARY TRACK GUIDELINES, AFTER WHICH TIME, DE-WATERING MAY RE-COMMENCE.
TRAFFICABLE TRAFFICABLE 11. ALL DE-WATERING, INCLUDING ANY WELL POINT DE-WATERING NECESSARY TO STABILIZE SATURATED SOILS, MUST BE CONDUCTED IN
ORIGINAL GRADE
DIVERSION BERM DIVERSION BERM ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROCEDURE OUTLINED IN THE WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN (DOC. NO: 3380-SAIP-4-1.34947).
VARIABLE
12. THE AMOUNT OF TIME THE TRENCH IS OPEN WILL BE MINIMIZED. BACKFILL WILL COMMENCE AS SOON AS POSSIBLE AFTER PIPELAY.
13. THE TRENCH WIDTH AND DEPTH WILL BE MINIMIZED TO REDUCE SPOIL GENERATION WHERE POSSIBLE. TRENCH SHORING OR OTHER
ALTERNATIVE. MEASURES SHOULD BE USED IF REQUIRED.
14. THE RISK OF FAUNA ENTRAPMENT IN THE TRENCH SHALL BE MINIMIZED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE SPECIES MANAGEMENT PLAN (DOC. NO: .
GEOTEXTILE SHEET 3380-SAIP-4-1.3-1963) AND THE FAUNA HANDLING PROCEDURE (DOC. NO: 3380-SAIP-4-1.3-1965).
15. TRENCHING ON APPROACHES TO WET WATERCOURSES WILL CEASE, LEAVING HARD TRENCH PLUGS IN PLACE FOR THE MAXIMUM PERIOD
FLOW PIPES PLACED ON LOWEST POSSIBLE PENDING PIPE LAYING.
POINT OF WATERCOURSE 16. TRENCH PLUGS SHALL BE EXCAVATED AND REPLACED WITH TRENCH BLOCKS OR SACK BREAKERS ABOVE THE SLOPE AND, AS REQUIRED,
WATER COURSE DOWN THE SLOPE TO PREVENT TURBID WATER FROM DIRECTLY ENTERING WATERWAYS.
(LENGTH VARIABLE) 17. IN THE EVENT THAT A VISIBLE SEDIMENT PLUME IS OBSERVED OUTSIDE OF THE WORKS AREA THE WORKS SHALL CEASE, AND THE EROSION
10.0m 10.0m
AND SEDIMENT CONTROLS WILL BE INSPECTED AND REPAIRED AND/OR UPGRADED AS REQUIRED.
18. EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROLS SHALL BE IMPLEMENTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE WATERCOURSE CROSSINGS MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION A-A' (3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6040) AND THE RELEVANT AQUATIC VALUES MANAGEMENT PLAN AND EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL PLAN.
19. IF THE CREEK IS FLOWING, SILT CURTAINS (OR SIMILAR IN-STREAM CONTROLS) SHALL BE PLACED IN THE WATERCOURSE AT THE UPSTREAM
AND DOWNSTREAM EXTENT OF THE ROW.
18.0 - 22.0m 8.0 - 12.0m
20. SNAGS AND OTHER WOODY DEBRIS LOCATED IN THE WATERCOURSE SHALL BE RELOCATED OUTSIDE OF THE WORKS FOOTPRINT OR
STOCKPILED LANDWARD OF THE TOP OF BANK,OUTSIDE OF THE BUFFER AREA FOR LATER REINSTATEMENT AS PART OF THE REHABILITATION
VARIABLE WORKS.
PIPE AXIS
SEE (*) MIN 2.0m MIN 5.0m VARIABLE 21. THE EXISTING BED AND BANK MATERIAL MUST BE SALVAGED PRIOR TO THE CONSTRUCTION AND PLACED BACK INTO THE WATERCOURSE AT
THE COMPLETION OF CONSTRUCTION. STOCKPILES OF SPOIL OR MATERIAL EXCAVATED FROM THE BED OR BANKS OF THE WATERCOURSE
WORK AREA LIMIT
WORK AREA LIMIT
SHALL BE STOCKPILED AT LEAST 10m OR 50m ( FOR HIGH AQUATIC VALVE WATERCOURSE), LANDWARD OF THE TOP OF BANK AND
PROTECTED ON THE DOWNSLOPE SIDE BY A SILT FENCE AND/OR AN ADEQUATE STOCKPILE BERM, UNTIL STABILIZED. ALL SALVAGED
RIP-RAP OR SAND BAGS MATERIALS WILL BE STOCKPILED SEPARATELY WHERE POSSIBLE.
(THICKNESS MINIMUM 150mm) MINOR DAM 22. ALL OTHER STOCKPILES WILL BE LOCATED NO LESS THAN 10m OR 50m FROM TOP OF BANK.
TEMPORARY
FLOW PIPES PLACED ON LOWEST 23. ANY SUSPECTED CONTAMINATED MATERIAL UNCOVERED DURING THE WORKS SHOULD BE MANAGED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE
VEHICLE CROSSING PROCEDURE FOR MANAGING UNEXPECTED CONTAMINATION CONTAINED WITHIN THE CONTAMINATED LAND MANAGEMENT PLAN
(TYPOLOGIES IN POINT OF WATERCOURSE (3380-SAIP-4-L3-1993).
VARIABLE
TYPICAL STANDARD WATER LEVEL 24. IF SUSPECTED ASS ARE ENCOUNTERED DURING THE WORKS, THEY SHALL BE MANAGED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE ACID SULPHATE SOILS
TOP OF BANK
A2) MANAGEMENT PLAN (3380-SAIP-4-1.3-1832).
FLOW
BOTTOM WATERCOURSE BED
WATER LEVEL BACK FILLING TO USE

MATERIAL RECOVERED ON THE ROW OPEN CUT RIP-RAP
NO GO BUFFER
AREA TRENCH (ENERGY DISSIPATOR)
DESIGN DEPTH APPENDIX:
B3
OF COVER (SHEET 1 OF 1)
DATE:
WATERCOURSE WORK AREA 30.0m 06/10/12
DOCUMENT NAME:
STANDARD ROW (30.0 - 40.0m) TYPICAL STANDARD FOR
SECTION B - B' MINOR DAM AND FLUME.
CENTER LINE
WATERCOURSE
BOTTOM OF BANK
BOTTOM OF BANK
TOP OF BANK
TOP OF BANK
TYPE 2 TYPE 2
DEVICE DEVICE
FLOW
SHEET PILING SHEET PILING
8.0 - 12.0m
8.0 - 12.0m
(STAGE 1) (STAGE 2)
TRAFFICABLE
DIVERSION BERM

TRAFFICABLE
DIVERSION BERM
WATERCOURSE
VARIABLE TEMPORARY TRACK
18.0 - 22.0m
SEE (*)MIN. 2.0m MIN 5.0M

VARIABLE
TOP SOIL WOODY DEBRIS WOODY DEBRIS TOP SOIL
FLOW
STOCKPILE STOCKPILE
TYPE 2 "NO GO ZONE" BUFFER TYPE 2

DEVICE DEVICE
10.0m LENGTH VARIABLE 10.0m
WORKING AREA PLAN VIEW

NOTES:
LEGEND
1. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN METERS UNLESS NOTED OTHERWISE. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE. WATERCOURSE FLOW DIRECTION SHOWN ON THE DRAWING COULD BE REVERSED.
TEMPORARY ACCESS WAY.
2. ALL WORKS SHALL BE CARRIED OUT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE WATERCOURSE CROSSINGS MANAGEMENT PLAN (3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6040), WATERCOURSE CROSSING (OPEN CUT) PROCEDURE (3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6026) AND
RELEVANT AQUATIC VALUES MANAGEMENT PLAN. WATERCOURSE FLOW DIRECTION SHOWN ON THE DRAWING COULD BE REVERSED.
3. THE METHOD IS APPLICABLE WHERE THERE ARE HIGH WATER FLOWS AND WHERE THE SAND BAGS COULD BE INADEQUATE. THIS APPROACH INVOLVES CONSTRUCTION OF COFFERDAMS ACROSS THE WATERCOURSE. IT WILL CROSSING CONSTRUCTION
TYPICALLY INVOLVE THE INSTALLATION OF FLUMES USING TRENCHING GROUND OF SHEET PILING.
"NO GO ZONE" BUFFER
4. TWO COFFER DAMS ARE INSTALLED, ACROSS THE WATERCOURSE, TO PERMIT THE FLOW DIVERSION AND TO HAVE THE DE-WATERING AREAS FOR THE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION. COFFER DAMS ARE INSTALLED IN TWO PHASES (
COFFER DAM IN A HALF SECTION OF WATERCOURSE AND FLOW DIVERSION IN THE OPPOSITE SECTION). TEMPORARY ACCESS WAY IN THE CREEK BED IS NOT EXPECTED.
WATER ZONE
5. SHEET PILING ONLY APPLICABLE FOR LOOSE AND COHESIVE SOILS.
6. THE AMOUNT OF TIME THE TRENCH IS OPEN WILL BE MINIMIZED, BACKFILL AND REINSTATEMENT WILL COMMENCE AS SOON AS POSSIBLE AFTER PIPELAY. LENGTH = 10.00m FOR STANDARD ROW 40m WIDTH
7. THE TRENCH WIDTH AND DEPTH WILL BE MINIMIZED TO REDUCE SPOIL GENERATION WHERE POSSIBLE. TRENCH SHORING OR OTHER ALTERNATIVE MEASURES SHOULD BE USED IF REQUIRED.
8. THE RISK OF FAUNA ENTRAPMENT IN THE TRENCH SHALL BE MINIMISED IN ACCORDING WITH SPECIES MANAGEMENT PLAN ( 3380-SAIP-4-1.3-1963) AND FAUNA HANDLING PROCEDURE ( 3380-SAIP-4-1.3-1965).
9. IN THE EVENT THAT A VISIBLE SEDIMENT PLUME IS OBSERVED OUTSIDE OF THE WORKS AREA THE WORKS SHALL CEASE , AND THE EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROLS WILL BE INSPECTED AND REPAIRED AND / OR UPGRADED
AS REQUIRED.
10. EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROLS SHALL BE IMPLEMENTED IN ACCORDING WITH THE WATERCOURSE CROSSING MANAGEMENT PLAN (3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6040) AND THE RELEVANT AQUATIC VALUES MANAGEMENT PLAN AND
EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL PLAN.
11. SNAGS AND OTHER WOODY DEBRIS LOCATED IN THE WATERCOURSE SHALL BE RELOCATED OUTSIDE THE "NO GO BUFFER" AREA OF THE TOP OF BANK FOR LATER RE-INSTATEMENT AS PART OF THE REHABILITATION WORKS.
12. THE EXISTING BED AND BANKS MATERIAL SHOULD WHERE POSSIBLE BE SALVAGED PRIOR TO CONSTRUCTION AND PLACED BACK INTO THE WATERCOURSE AT THE COMPLETION OF CONSTRUCTION. STOCKPILES OF SPOIL OR
MATERIAL EXCAVATED FROM THE BED OR BANKS OF THE WATERCOURSE SHALL BE STOCKPILED AT LEAST 50m LANDWARD OF THE TOP OF BANK FOR WATERCOURSE ASSESSED AS HAVING HIGH AQUATIC VALUES UNDER THE
AQUATIC VALUES MANAGEMENT PLAN. FOR ALL OTHER WATERCOURSE WITH LESS THAN HIGH AQUATIC VALUES A 10m BUFFERS SHALL BE PROTECTED ON THE DOWNSLOPE SIDE BY A SILT FENCE AND / OR ADEQUATE
STOCKPILE BERM, UNTIL STABILIZED.
13. ALL OTHER STOCKPILES WILL BE LOCATED NO LESS THAN 50 m FROM THE TOP OF BANK FOR HIGH VALUE WATERCOURSE ASSESSED UNDER THE AQUATIC VALUES MANAGEMENT PLAN AND 10m FROM TOP OF BANK FOR ALL
WATERCOURSE ASSESSED AS HAVING LESS THAN HIGH AQUATIC VALUES.
14. DE-WATERING SHOULD CEASE WHEN WATER LEVELS WITHIN THE IMPOUNDMENT AREA REACH THE CRITICAL LEVEL NECESSARY TO SUSTAIN AQUATIC FAUNA SUCH AS FISH. ANY AQUATIC FAUNA ( I.E. FISH, TURTLES OR FROGS)
TRAPPED IN ANY IMPOUNDMENTS AREA WILL BE SALVAGED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE FAUNA HANDLING PROCEDURE ( DOC. No: 3380-SAIP-4-1.3-1965) AND THE DPIF ( 2004) FISH SALVAGE GUIDELINES, AFTER WHICH TIME,
DE-WATERING MAY RE-COMMENCE.
15. ALL DE-WATERING, NECESSARY TO STABILIZE SATURATED SOILS, MUST BE CONDUCTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROCEDURE OUTLINED IN THE WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN ( DOC. No. 3380-SAIP-4-1.3-1947). APPENDIX:
B4
16. TRENCHING ON APPROACHES TO WET WATERCOURSES WILL CEASE, LEAVING HARD TRENCH PLUGS IN PLACE FOR THE MAXIMUM PERIOD POSSIBLE PENDING PIPE LAYING. (SHEET 1 OF 2)
17. TRENCH PLUGS SHALL BE EXCAVATED AND REPLACED WITH TRENCH BLOCKS OR SACK BREAKERS ABOVE THE SLOPE AND, AS REQUIRED, DOWN THE SLOPE TO PREVENT TURBID WATER FROM DIRECTLY ENTERING WATERWAYS. DATE:
06/10/12
18. IF THE CREEK IS FLOWING, SILT CURTAINS ( OR SIMILAR IN-STREAM CONTROLS) SHALL BE PLACED IN THE WATERCOURSE AT THE UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM EXTENT OF THE ROW.
DOCUMENT NAME:
19. ANY SUSPECTED CONTAMINATED MATERIAL UNCOVERED DURING THE WORKS SHOULD BE MANAGED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROCEDURE OF MANAGING UNEXPECTED CONTAMINATION CONTAINED WITHIN THE TYPICAL STANDARD FOR
CONTAMINATED LAND MANAGEMENT PLAN ( 3380-SAIP-4-1.3-1993).
20. THIS IS A TYPICAL ( CONCEPT) DRAWING. THE SPECIFIC CONFIGURATION OF THE SEDIMENT CONTROLS AND ETC. MAY VARY DUE TO SITE CONDITIONS. COFFER DAM / FLOW DIVERSION
CENTER LINE
WATER COURSE
VARIABLE
WORK AREA LIMIT

8.0 - 12.0m VARIABLE MIN 5.0m MIN 2.0m SEE (*)
WORK AREA LIMIT

BOTTOM OF BANK
BOTTOM OF BANK
PIPE AXIS
TOP OF BANK
TOP OF BANK
A'
DESIGN DEPTH TEMPORARY NO GO BUFFER
TYPE 2 OF COVER TRACK AREA
DEVICE TOP OF BANK
SHEET PILING
FLOW FLOW
VARIABLE
8.0 - 10.0m
8.0 - 12.0m
FLOW
TRAFFICABLE BOTTOM WATERCOURSE BED
VARIABLE
DIVERSION BERM

WATERCOURSE
C' C
VARIABLE 15.0 - 25.0m

SHEET PILING
VARIABLE
18.0 - 22.0m
TEMPORARY TRACK
MIN 5.0M
SECTION A - A'
MIN 2.0m
WORK AREA LIMIT

VARIABLE
PIPE AXIS
WORK AREA LIMIT
MUD, SNAGS, SEE (*) MIN 2.0m MIN 5.0m VARIABLE 8.0 - 12.0m
VARIABLE
WOODY DEBRIS
SEE (*)
TOP SOIL
A
STOCKPILE
DESIGN DEPTH
NO GO BUFFER OF COVER
TEMPORARY
TYPE 2 "NO GO ZONE" BUFFER AREA TRACK
TOP OF BANK
DEVICE
10.0m VARIABLE 10.0m
FLOW FLOW
VARIABLE
STAGE 1 CONSTRUCTION( PLAN VIEW)
VARIABLE)
BOTTOM WATERCOURSE BED
BOTTOM OF BANK
BOTTOM OF BANK
OPEN CUT
CENTER LINE
WATER COURSE
TRENCH
TOP OF BANK
TOP OF BANK
SHEET PILING
TYPE 2 TYPE 2
DEVICE DEVICE

B' TRAFFICABLE
8.0 - 10.0m
8.0 - 10.0m
FLOW
TRAFFICABLE
DIVERSION BERM
DIVERSION BERM
SECTION B - B'

GLADSTONE
CENTER LINE
WATER COURSE
PIPELINE AXIS
WATERCOURSE
C C'
VARIABLE 15.0 - 25.0m
TRAFFICABLE
VARIABLE
DIVERSION BERM DESIGN DEPTH

OF COVER
TEMPORARY TRACK 18.0 - 22.0m

MIN 5.0M
VARIABLE
SHEET PILING
MIN 2.0m

VARIABLE
TOP SOIL WOODY DEBRIS WOODY DEBRIS

SEE (*)
TOP SOIL
STOCKPILE STOCKPILE
SHEET PILING
WATERCOURSE
TYPE 2 "NO GO ZONE" BUFFER B' TYPE 2
(LENGTH VARIABLE)
DEVICE DEVICE
10.0m VARIABLE 10.0m LEGEND
SECTION C - C'
TEMPORARY ACCESS WAY.
STAGE 2 CONSTRUCTION( PLAN VIEW) APPENDIX:
B4
(SHEET 2 OF 2)
CROSSING CONSTRUCTION DATE:
06/10/12
"NO GO ZONE" BUFFER

DOCUMENT NAME:
WATER ZONE
(*) LENGTH = 0.00m FOR STANDARD ROW 30m WIDTH COFFER DAM / FLOW DIVERSION
APPENDIX G1 – Triple Bottom Line Assessment for Construction Methodology and
Site Specific Methodology Assessments
Table 1 Triple Bottom Line Assessment
Triple-Bottom Line Assessment
Geology, Soils Terrestrial
Traffic and Noise and
&/or Demand on Hydrologic Flora & Aquatic Flora & Social
Geology Notes Resources Notes Waste Impacts Waste Notes Transport T&T Notes Vibration N&V Notes Hydrology Notes Riparian Notes AF&F Notes Social Notes
Geomorpholo Resources al Impacts Fauna Fauna Impacts Impacts
Impacts Impacts
gy Impacts
Pipeline Crossing
Construction
Methodology
The creek bed will not require disturbance and no de-watering

The construction works would not involve disturbance
Water and mud demand for drilling fluid make-up. Due to requirement for larger and more plant will be required for the HDD works. It is noted that there is also The longer duration of construction, increased
of the creek bed, however, this benefit would be offset There is no requirement to (partially or fully)
Hazardous and other materials are also used to The contaminated drilling mud generated and equipment, which will require transport potential for water quality impacts resulting from the identified volume/duration of traffic impacts, and significantly
somewhat by the additional invasive geotech The impacts are greater due to use of obstruct flow, divert flow or de-water a section
make up the drilling fluid. In addition, some of during the works will require disposal. to the site at construction commencement There is a larger construction footprint, which will result in engineering risks. In the event there is a loss of drilling fluid or increased noise and vibration impacts have potential to
L-M investigations required pre-construction. Furthermore, H H H H noisier equipment and longer construction L of the creek for the HDD works. However, this M-H M H
HDD the specialist equipment required for the HDD Potentially contaminated wastewater from and de-mobilisation. In addition, the longer greater extent of clearing of riparian vegetation and bore hole collapse, there would be increases in turbidity and result in a significant increase in the magnitude and
(-ve) it is noted that this benefit may be further offset by (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) duration, noting that construction would be (-ve) benefit may be offset by the requirement to (-ve) (-ve) (-ve)
may not be sourced locally, and may potentially the bore hole drilling will also require construction duration means that site associated loss of riparian and terrestrial habitat. water pollution. These impacts would be more difficult to extent of social impacts, dependent upon the proximity to
the requirement to construct a new access track for 24 hours. construct an additional access track to
be shipped from overseas, thereby consuming disposal. workers will be travelling to and from the site manage because it is only possible to predict a likelihood of development and/or potential for interactions with
purposes of accessing the construction pads. facilitate the works.
additional resources. for at least 3 months per crossing. occurrence, and the event would be otherwise unanticipated. landowner operations.
ALL: There would be some impacts ALL: There is potential to undertake the ALL: The social impacts are likely to be lesser in extent
associated with the transport of plant and ALL: The impacts are lesser due to the construction works during low or no flow and magnitude relative to those anticipated for HDD works
Dry (Open) ALL: The excavated material from the ALL: There is a requirement to clear some vegetation to ALL: There is a requirement to excavate the creek bed, which
equipment to the site at site establishment quantity and type of plant and equipment conditions. If the timing of construction does due to the shorter construction period, lesser footprint,
Trenching ALL: Requires disturbance of the creek banks and ALL: There is no demand for water or other trench will be used for backfilling. It is facilitate the works, however, the footprint is lesser than for will disrupt aquatic fauna. It also has potential to result in
- - - and de-mobilisation. During construction - required, the adopted construction - not permit this possibility, there may be a - lesser traffic impacts and lower noise and vibration
(see alternatives bed to excavate the trench. materials to undertake the works. expected that there would be minimal, if HDD. In addition, the duration of works is shorter and the site localised, short term increases in turbidity, although it is
workers would travel to and from the site. methodology (i.e. no drilling) and the shorter requirement to either temporarily partially impacts. Similarly, the level of impact is dependent upon
below) any, spoil material generated. may be re-instated sooner. considered that any impacts can be adequately mitigated.
However, when compared to HDD, the duration of construction. obstruct or divert flow for the duration of the proximity to development and/or the potential for
duration of impacts would be shorter due to construction. interactions with landowner operations.
- Standard Mainline M L-M L L L-M L-M L-M There is potential for terrestrial fauna to fall into the open M-H L- M
See row 5 above. See row 5 above. See row 5 above. See row 5 above. See row 5 above. See row 5 above.
Construction (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) trench. (-ve) (-ve)
- Excavate from M L-M L L L-M L-M L-M There is potential for terrestrial fauna to fall into the open M-H L- M
See row 5 above. See row 5 above. See row 5 above. See row 5 above. See row 5 above. See row 5 above.
each Bank (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) trench. (-ve) (-ve)
There may be some additional dewatering

The risk of increased turbidity and sedimentation is lower than
from the watercourse required, which may Results in disruption of flow due to the presence
for the previous two dry trenching methods due to diversion of
- Minor Dam / M-H M This trenching method requires some additional Mod necessitate some sort of treatment prior to L L-M M of the dam. However, low flows would be L-M There is potential for terrestrial fauna to fall into the open M-H L- M
See row 5 above. See row 5 above. See row 5 above. flows around the works site. Aquatic fauna would need to be See row 5 above.
Pumping (-ve) (-ve) demand on resources to power the pumps. (-ve) discharge / disposal. Materials used to (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) conveyed through the obstruction via the flume (-ve) trench. (-ve) (-ve)
relocated from the dry, damned section of creek, as the dam
construct the dam will be removed and re- pipes.
would act as a barrier to fish passage.
used on another construction site.
There may be some additional dewatering

The risk of increased turbidity and sedimentation is lower than
from the watercourse required, which may
Results in disruption of flow due to the presence for the previous two dry trenching methods due to diversion of
necessitate some sort of treatment prior to
- Minor Dam / M-H L-M Mod L L-M M of the dam. However, low flows would be L-M There is potential for terrestrial fauna to fall into the open M-H flows around the works site. Aquatic fauna would need to be L- M
See row 5 above. discharge / disposal. Materials used to See row 5 above. See row 5 above. See row 5 above.
Flume (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) conveyed through the obstruction via the flume (-ve) trench. (-ve) relocated from the dry, damned section of creek, as the dam (-ve)
construct the dam and flume pipes will be
pipes. and flume would likely act as a barrier to fish passage. Many
removed and re-used on another
species would not likely travel along the flume.
construction site.
The social impacts are likely to be lesser in extent and

When compared to HDD, the impacts are There is a requirement to excavate the creek bed, which will magnitude relative to those anticipated for HDD works
Compared to HDD and open trenching, there is lesser due to the quantity and type of plant There is a requirement to clear some vegetation to facilitate the partially disrupt fish passage. It also has potential to result in due to the shorter construction period, lesser footprint,
M Requires disturbance of the creek banks and bed to L L L L-M L There would be minimal disruption to flows as L-M M L- M
Wet Trenching minimal demand for materials to undertake the and equipment required, the adopted works, however, the footprint is lesser than for either HDD or localised increases in turbidity, although it is considered lesser traffic impacts and lower noise and vibration
(-ve) excavate the trench. (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) the works are constructed "in the wet". (-ve) (-ve) (-ve)
works. construction methodology (i.e. no drilling) open trenching. possible to mitigate the impacts through the implementation of impacts. Similarly, the level of impact is dependent
and the shorter duration of construction. controls. upon the proximity to development and/or the potential
for interactions with landowner operations.
Access Track
Construction
Methodologies
There will likely be some compacting of the bed, and

Plastic mats or other materials will be used. Permits access through the RoW and Some short term benefit associated with improved
Ford (e.g. with L Minimal disruption to bed and bank profile. Some re- L L L L L L-M smothering of any biota living on the bed in the ford where the L
These may be re-used on other sites after Negligible provides access to place the pipes during Flows unaffected. access across the waterway for the landowner. Some
mats) (-ve) grading of the banks may be required. (-ve) (+ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) mats are placed. There is potential for erosion and (-ve)
conclusion of the works. construction. visual impact.
sedimentation associated with the passage of vehicles, which
can be managed effectively during construction.
There will be some compacting and smothering of any biota on

Reduced hydraulic conveyance will impact on the bed. There is also potential for erosion and sedimentation
creek flows, however, this assumes that the during construction, however whilst the access way is in use,
The placement of material in the bed of the creek Requires the use of flume pipes and other material Permits access through the RoW and Some short term benefit associated with improved
Causeway with M M L L M creek is in flow at the time of construction and L M there may be reduction in erosion and sedimentation L
has potential to alter the local bed and bank to construct the causeway, which can be re-used Negligible provides access to place the pipes during access across the waterway for the landowner.
Flume (-ve) (-ve) (+ve) (-ve) (-ve) that the base flow cannot be conveyed (-ve) (-ve) associated with the passage of vehicles (i.e. compared to the (-ve)
morphology due to altered hydrology. on another construction site. construction. Moderate visual impact.
through the flume pipes. There is potential for previous two open trench methods). The localised erosion and
risk associated with rainfall events/floods. sedimentation can be managed through the use of appropriately
sized scour protection works and other controls.
The structure will likely have no impacts on the bed, and is

Prefabricated Minimal disruption to bed and bank profile. Some re- Requires the use of prefabricated structure, Permits access through the RoW and Some short term benefit associated with improved
L M L L L Deck height to be set based on likely flow L L unlikely to impede fish passage. There is potential for L
Elevated Bridge / grading of the banks will be required for the which can be re-used on another construction Negligible provides access to place the pipes during access across the waterway for the landowner. Some
(-ve) (-ve) (+ve) (-ve) (-ve) requirements during construction period. (-ve) (-ve) localised erosion and sedimentation associated with the (-ve)
Steel Ramp approaches. site. construction. visual impact.
construction.
Interim Bank
Stabilisation
Works
Impacts result from high potential for erosion and
Should erosion and sedimentation result, there would
M-H There is potential for erosion and sedimentation of M Failure to stabilise the soil may negatively impact on the re- M sedimentation. In addition, water temperatures would be M
Do Nothing N/A No demand on resources. N/A No waste generation. N/A No traffic impacts. N/A No noise and vibration impacts. N/A No hydrological impacts. potentially be a significant visual impact associated with
(-ve) the exposed banks. (-ve) establishment of riparian vegetation. (-ve) modified due to lack of shading. There would also be a lack (-ve)
bank erosion and increased turbidity.
of fringing habitat for aquatic species.
Social impacts are primarily associated with noise from
Effective measure for stabilising the banks. Short applying the mulch. Lower visual amenity than natural
L L L Some noise associated with the use of a L L Will effectively trap sediments that would otherwise make Negligible /
Mulching term maintenance requirement, e.g. after rainfall Some water required for application. Negligible Negligible Negligible Impact on flows unlikely. Regulates soil temperate and increases humidity. riparian vegetation. However, where the creek banks are
(+ve) (-ve) (-ve) sprayer to apply the mulch. (+ve) (+ve) their way into the watercourse and impact on water quality. Neutral
events. currently unvegetated, the mulching will likely provide
improved visual amenity.

Regulates soil temperate and increases humidity. Also
Effective measure for stabilising the banks. Short applying the mulch. Lower visual amenity than natural
L L Requires watering to apply and to become L Some noise associated with the use of a L-M provides some interim habitat for some species, and provides L Will effectively trap sediments that would otherwise make Negligible /
Hydro-mulching term maintenance requirement, e.g. after rainfall Negligible Negligible Negligible Impact on flows unlikely. riparian vegetation. However, where the creek banks are
(+ve) (-ve) established. (-ve) sprayer to apply the mulch. (+ve) an improved micro-climate for the germination and (+ve) their way into the watercourse and impact on water quality. Neutral
events. currently unvegetated, the mulching will likely provide
establishment of seedlings.

applying the mulch. Lower visual amenity than natural
Erosion Control M L L Some noise associated with the use of a L-M provides some stabilisation at the roots, and provides an L Will effectively trap sediments that would otherwise make Negligible /
Effective measure for stabilising the banks. Some water required for application. Negligible Negligible Negligible Impact on flows unlikely. riparian vegetation. However, where the creek banks are
Blanket / Mulching (+ve) (-ve) (-ve) sprayer to apply the mulch. (+ve) improved micro-climate for the germination and establishment (+ve) their way into the watercourse and impact on water quality. Neutral
currently unvegetated, the mulching will likely provide
of seedlings.
Effective measure for stabilising steep banks, but Higher potential for water quality impacts (erosion and Social impacts are primarily associated with noise from
Rip Rap (stone L M Requires suitable rock material. Requires L May result in the generation of some L-M Depends upon the volume of material L-M Some noise associated with the use of L-M Potential to deflect flows, thereby altering L Does not provide suitable substrate for the establishment of L L-M
requires careful design to avoid impacts on sedimentation) during construction. Additionally, any resultant construction. Poor visual amenity and may also prevent
pitching) (+ve) (-ve) ongoing maintenance. (-ve) wastes. (-ve) required and distance of transportation. (-ve) machinery to position the rocks. (-ve) hydrology. (-ve) riparian vegetation. (-ve) (-ve)
hydrology and geomorphology. changes in local hydrology have potential to impact on aquatic access between the land and the watercourse.
species. Unlikely to provide suitable habitat.
Effective measure for stabilising steep banks, but Requires suitable rock material, as well as May result in the generation of some Some noise associated with the use of Higher potential for water quality impacts (erosion and Social impacts are primarily associated with noise from
L M L L-M Depends upon the volume of material L-M L-M Potential to deflect flows, thereby altering L Does not provide suitable substrate for the establishment of L L-M
Reno Mattress requires careful design to avoid impacts on materials to construct the Reno mattresses. wastes, depending on the method of machinery to position the Reno mattresses sedimentation) during construction. Additionally, any resultant construction. Poor visual amenity and may also prevent
(+ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) required and distance of transportation. (-ve) (-ve) hydrology. (-ve) riparian vegetation. (-ve) (-ve)
hydrology and geomorphology. Requires ongoing maintenance. construction. and the rocks. changes in local hydrology have potential to impact on aquatic access between the land and the watercourse.
species. Unlikely to provide suitable habitat.
applying the mulch. Lower visual amenity than natural
M L-M Requires water for application, and watering to L Some noise associated with the use of a L-M provides some interim habitat for some species, and provides L Will effectively trap sediments that would otherwise make Negligible /
Bonded Fibre Matrix Effective measure for stabilising the banks. Negligible Negligible Negligible Impact on flows unlikely. riparian vegetation. However, where the creek banks are
(+ve) (-ve) become established. (-ve) sprayer to apply the mulch. (+ve) an improved micro-climate for the germination and (+ve) their way into the watercourse and impact on water quality. Neutral
currently unvegetated, the mulching will likely provide
Effective measure for stabilising the banks. Short
L L-M Requires water for application, and watering to L Some noise associated with the use of a L-M provides some interim habitat for some species, and provides L Will effectively trap sediments that would otherwise make Negligible / Decline in visual amenity over natural riparian
Grass Seeding term maintenance requirement, e.g. After rainfall Negligible Negligible Negligible Impact on flows unlikely.
(+ve) (-ve) become established. (-ve) sprayer to apply the mulch. (+ve) an improved micro-climate for the germination and (+ve) their way into the watercourse and impact on water quality. Neutral vegetation.
events.
Hutton Creek - Crossing Method Selection Analysis
Hutton Creek KP 2.092 Notes on Key Aquatic Values Objectives

Stream order: 6 Considerable riparian vegetation. Minimise vegetation clearing on the banks.
>23 degrees
Avg. grade of the banks: (left bank) Sizeable watercourse prone to large flow events. Minimise risk to construction staff, plant and equipment.
Aquatic flora and fauna present, incl. fish (some exotic spp.) and crustaceans. Suitable breeding habitat for
White throated snapping turtle. Marginal habitat for Fitzroy River turtle, however unlikely to occur this far
upstream. Platypus burrows were observed in the vicinity of the ROW. Breeding season of white throated Minimise disturbance of the watercourse (i.e. both duration and extent of disturbance). Maintain flows during
Height of banks: 5m, 10m snapping turtle is Autumn and Winter. construction.
GEOLOGY: The geology at the proposed crossing is predominantly lower Jurassic age deposits of sandstone
Bankfull width: 66m comprising quartzose sandstone, minor siltstone and shale, and easily decomposable and sub-labile sandstone,
Water present: Y mudstone, occasional shale and coal. Borehole results can be typically summarised as alluvium (about 1m)
overlying residual soil, in turn overlying slightly weathered rock comprising inter bedded sandstone and siltstone.
Substrate type: Silt/clay
The alluvium was also encountered to depths of 7.25m inter bedded very stiff sandy clay and dense clayey sand.
Estimated date construction: Mar-13 New boreholes indicated highly fragmented (boulders) rocks in the borehole.
2
Extra workspace requirements: 9297.16m
Aquatic value: High
Access Way Construction Technical

Environmental Disturbance Construction Risk / Safety Preferred?
Methodology Feasibility?
Bed Level Crossing N This approach is not feasible due to the amount of water contained within the creek.
Moderate Low
A causeway would generally have a similar footprint as a bed level crossing, with the exception that it is higher The causeway would be retained for up to 9 months for ongoing access along the ROW as per Fisheries
Causeway + Flumes Y than the creek bed and has the potential to obstruct flows. If the creek is wet, the impact of obstructing creek Approval Reference No. 2012NA0527. It is beneficial to reduce the safety risk to construction personnel and Preferred
flows / biological connectivity can be mitigated to an extent by installing flume pipes. However, there is a ensure ongoing access by construction a causeway, particularly as the use of the crossing is to extend into the
requirement to use an additional workspace area to the left to construct the causeway. wet season.
Technical
Trenching Methodology Environmental Disturbance Construction Risk / Safety Preferred?
Feasibility?
Standard Mainline (Dry)
N This approach is not feasible due to the amount of water contained within the creek.
Trenching
Low-Moderate
The adoption of a minor dam and flume approach would partially obstruct flows and thereby reduce biological
Low
connectivity. In addition, the de-watering process could trap fauna in the impoundment area, and the
Minor Dam* + Flume + Standard This approach would permit pipe laying in wet conditions. However, the process of constructing the minor dam
Y construction of the dam could mobilise sediments from the bed of the creek that would otherwise not be Preferred
Mainline Trenching would involve some degree of risk to the safety of construction personnel associated with working in the wet
disturbed if dry trenching. Any fauna caught in the impoundment area would need to be relocated by a fauna
during the construction/de-commissioning of the minor dam and the dewatering.
handler. However, the flume pipes will be adequately sized and would provide for ongoing linear connectivity
along the watercourse.
Moderate Low-Moderate
Wet Trenching** Y This approach would result in short term increases in erosion and sedimentation, as well as increases in turbidity There is an inherently higher level of risk associated with working in the wet, particularly with respect to safety for
levels. This could negatively impact on aquatic ecosystem health. personnel. Furthermore, there is a small likelihood of trench collapse associated with wet trenching.
Extreme
Extreme Extreme risk of pipe blockage due to high frictional forces associated with the
The total length to be drilled would be 1700 m, with a high risk for HDD. This methodology also requires a lot of borehole length (1,700 m) and diameter (minimum 56” diameter required for 42”
water and bentonite use. pipe).
Although HDD would avoid disturbance of the bed, this benefit may be offset by the high risk of frac out and the Extreme risk of Borehole instability associated with elevation difference between
subsequent uncontrolled release of drilling mud to the environment. A geological assessment showed highly the HDD entry and exit points (approximately 65 m). The borehole may collapse
weathered and fractured heterogeneous strata consisting of mainly mudstone, shale and sandstone. This because the height difference and the difficulty in keeping the hole filled with
geology significantly increases the risk of HDD failure due to increased risk of frac out and subsequent release of drilling fluid.
Y - however
drilling fluids to the environment. The drilling fluid contains hazardous materials that would represent a threat to High risk of Blow-out of bentonite due to the presence of variable soil type: up 14
HDD extreme risk of
environmental health, and could result in fish kills in the watercourse. m: clayey sand and clay / under 14m: weathered and fractured sandstone and
failure
Due to the change in alignment of the ROW to the south of the crossing. HDD would require additional siltstone rocks.
workspace areas outside the ROW for drill pads and stringing areas. This would result in the clearing of an High sensitivity to variations in geotechnical conditions.
additional 2.85ha of EPBC threatened ecological community - Brigalow. High/extreme risk of Bentonite leakage into the creek bed due to the relatively
The duration of works is estimated at up to 6 months due to the type of substrate, operating 24 hours a day, and shallow depth of the borehole beneath the creek bed (approximately 10 m). To
coinciding with the breeding season of the turtles. During construction the local noise levels would increase achieve a greater depth would require a longer HDD.
significantly beyond those associated with typical construction activities due to the use of a drill rig. The lights High risk of increased likelihood of blockage associated with the need to connect
and noise associated with the works are likely to result in disturbance of any fauna in the local area. three pipe strings. There is not sufficient pipe stringing area for a single string.
Extreme risk of damage to the pipe coating due to presence of hard substrate
Additional Mitigation Measures:
Prior to clearing activities, an experienced Aquatic Ecologist will inspect the area and ensure there are no active nests within the ROW.
*Can only be implemented with a causeway.
**Must be implemented with a causeway unless alternative access around the creek is available.
Dawson River (upstream) - Crossing Method Selection Analysis
Dawson River (upstream) KP29.832 Notes on Key Aquatic Values Objectives

Stream order: 5 Dense riparian vegetation. Minimise vegetation clearing on the banks.
Avg. grade of the banks: >23 degrees Watercourse with some potential for large flow events. Minimise safety risk to construction staff, plant and equipment.
Aquatic flora and fauna present, incl. fish and crustaceans. Habitat includes snags, pools and riffles. Potential
habitat exists for White throated snapping turtle (breeding season - Autumn and winter) and Platypus (Breeding
season August). Marginal habitat exists for Fitzroy River turtle (breeding season Sept-Oct), however not Minimise disturbance of the watercourse (i.e. both duration and extent of disturbance). Maintain flows during
Height of banks: 8m expected to occur this far upstream. construction.
Bankfull width: 20m GEOLOGY: The geology at the proposed crossing is Quaternary age alluvium comprising of clay, sand and
Y gravel soil deposits overlying lower Triassic age formation consisting of mudstone, sandstone and occasional
Water present:
conglomerate. Boreholes indicate alluvium overlying residual soil or extremely weathered material and in turn
highly or moderately weathered inter bedded siltstone and mudstone with some sandstone grading to slightly
Estimated date construction: May-13 weathered and fresh rock.
Extra workspace requirements: 11954m2 The alluvium was described as medium plasticity clay and sandy clay of very stiff consistency while the residual
Aquatic value: High soil and extremely weathered material were described as low plasticity, indistinctly fissured sandy gravelly clay
and sandy clay of very stiff to hard consistency. Highly and moderately weathered rock was encountered at
depths ranging between 8.75m and 13m typically as very low and low strength. Slightly weathered and fresh
rock was encountered at depths ranging between 18m and 18.36m and it is medium strength.
Access Way Construction Technical

Environmental Disturbance Construction Risk / Safety Preferred?
Methodology Feasibility?
Low-Moderate
Direct impacts relate to the removal of any riparian vegetation within the ROW, noting however, that this may
Low
also result in positive impacts due to the removal of weed species during clearing, and the subsequent
The causeway would be retained for up to 9 months for ongoing access along the ROW as per Fisheries
rehabilitation.
Causeway + Flumes Y Approval Reference No. 2012NA0527. It is beneficial to reduce the safety risk to construction personnel and Preferred
A causeway has a similar footprint than a bed level crossing, due to a smaller amount of grading required on the
ensure ongoing access by construction a causeway, particularly as the use of the crossing is to extend into the
banks. If the watercourse is wet, the impact of obstructing creek flows / biological connectivity can be mitigated
wet season.
to an extent by installing flume pipes. However, there is a requirement to use an additional workspace area to
the left to construct the causeway.
Technical
Feasibility?
N This approach is not feasible due to the amount of water contained within the creek.
Trenching
Low-Moderate
The adoption of a minor dam and flume approach would partially obstruct flows and thereby reduce biological Low
Minor Dam* + Flume + Standard connectivity. In addition, the de-watering process could trap fauna in the impoundment area, and the This approach would permit pipe laying in wet conditions. However, the process of constructing the minor dam
Y construction of the dam could mobilise sediments from the bed of the creek that would otherwise not be Preferred
Mainline Trenching would involve some degree of risk to the safety of construction personnel associated with working in the wet
disturbed if dry trenching. Any fauna caught in the impoundment area would need to be relocated by a fauna during the construction/de-commissioning of the minor dam and the dewatering.
handler. However, the flume pipes will be adequately sized and would provide for ongoing linear connectivity
Wet Trenching** Y This approach would result in short term increases in erosion and sedimentation, as well as increases in There is an inherently higher level of risk associated with working in the wet, particularly with respect to safety
turbidity levels. This could negatively impact on aquatic ecosystem health. for personnel. Furthermore, there is a higher risk of trench collapse associated with wet trenching.
High
The total length to be drilled would be 680 m. Due to the change in the alignment of the ROW immediately to the
west of the creek crossing, additional clearing (approx. 2.21 ha) would be required beyond the extent of the
ROW for the launch pad and the stringing area. This would extend into ESA Cat C and Of Concern Veg areas High
RE 11.3.2. High risk of blockage during the pipe pull back operations due to the presence of two
Although HDD would avoid disturbance of the bed, this benefit may be offset by the risk of frac out and the different soil types (up 13m: medium plasticity sandy clay of very stiff consistency, low
subsequent uncontrolled release of drilling mud to the environment. The drilling fluid contains hazardous plasticity. From 13m to 28m: Slightly/moderately weathered rock)
materials that would represent a threat to environmental health, and could result in fish kills in the watercourse. Moderate Risk Damage to the pipe coating due to presence of rocky soil.
HDD Y
HDD has an increased risk of failure due to fractured rock layers and heterogeneous substrate. Presence of HDD has a high risk of failure due to fractured rock layers and heterogeneous substrate. Presence of gravel
gravel layers indicate potential of borehole collapse during drilling and pull-back operations. Presents high risk layers indicate potential of borehole collapse during drilling and pull-back operations.
for safe and effective execution of HDD. The extension of the construction period due to the adoption of HDD The increase in traffic volumes associated with mobilising and demobilising the drilling equipment, and long
would result in working during the wet season. duration of construction, would result in an increase in the risk of traffic incident in the area, which is typically
The estimated duration of works is estimated at 4 months min., operating 24 hours a day, during which time the subject only to local traffic.
local noise levels would increase significantly beyond those associated with typical construction activities due to
the use of a drill rig. The lights and noise associated with the works are likely to result in disturbance of any
fauna in the local area.
Dawson River (downstream) - Crossing Method Selection Analysis
Dawson River (downstream) 233.969 Notes on Key Aquatic Values Objectives

Stream order: 8 Well vegetated riparian zone present. Minimise vegetation clearing on the banks
Avg. grade of the banks: <23 degrees Wet watercourse with high likelihood of high flow events. Minimise safety risk to construction staff, plant and equipment.
Very good aquatic habitat quality. Diverse aquatic flora, fish and crustaceans present. While Fitzroy River turtles
were not caught, several recent surveys have noted the presence of critical habitat for Fitzroy River turtles at the
Minimise disturbance of the watercourse (i.e. both duration and extent of disturbance). Maintain
Height of banks: 5m site, including a large pool, riffles and rapids, and sandy banks with good riparian vegetation. Previous studies
flows during construction.
have also found the white-throated snapping turtle in the Dawson River to the north of the GTP ROW. Potential
to support Platypus.
Bankfull width: 100m GEOLOGY: Geology at the site consists of alluvium clay, sand and gravel, with local occurrences of partly
laterised soil overlying sandstone, siltstone, claystone, shale, conglomerate and intermediate volcanics. There
Water present: Y
are isolated beds comprising acidic and intermediate lava, tuff, and coarse to fine grained sedimentary rocks.
Substrate type: Silt/clay, gravel. Faulting is reported as the contact between the latter two formations. Alluvium was stiff to very stiff medium
Extra workspace requirements: 65,192m2 plasticity clay with some sand and gravel extending to 10m depth overlying inter bedded medium dense to very
Estimated Date Construction: May-13 dense sand and gravelly sand to 20m depth and, in turn, hard sandy clay to 28m. The underlying residual soil
was encountered to the termination depth of 35m.
Aquatic Value: High
Technical
Access way Construction Environmental Disturbance Construction Risk / Safety Preferred?
Feasibility?
Low-Moderate
Low
Direct impacts relate to the removal of any riparian vegetation within the ROW, noting however, that this may
The crossing has relatively high water levels and a large number of tributary streams. In addition
also result in positive impacts due to the removal of weed species during clearing, and the subsequent
to the day to day base flows, it is conceivable that a higher flow event could occur during the use of
rehabilitation.
Causeway + Flumes Y the causeway. The causeway would be retained for up to 9 months for ongoing access along the Preferred
A causeway has a similar footprint than a bed level crossing, due to a smaller amount of grading required on the
ROW as per Fisheries Approval Reference No. 2012NA0527. It is beneficial to reduce the safety
banks. If the watercourse is wet, the impact of obstructing creek flows / biological connectivity can be mitigated
risk to construction personnel and ensure ongoing access by construction a causeway, particularly
to an extent by installing flume pipes. However, there is a requirement to use an additional workspace area to
as the use of the crossing is to extend into the wet season.
the left to construct the causeway.
Technical
Feasibility
N This approach is not feasible due to the amount of water contained within the creek
Trenching
Low-Moderate
The adoption of a minor dam and flume approach would partially obstruct flows and thereby reduce biological Moderate
connectivity. In addition, the de-watering process could trap fauna in the impoundment area, and the The process of constructing the minor dam would involve some degree of risk associated with
Minor Dam* + Flume + Standard
Y construction of the dam could mobilise sediments from the bed of the creek that would otherwise not be working in the wet as it relates to the safety of the construction personnel. This would be the case Preferred
Mainline Trenching
disturbed if dry trenching. Any fauna caught in the impoundment area would need to be relocated by a fauna primarily during construction and de-commissioning of the minor dam and de-watering. If the
handler. However, the flume pipes will be adequately sized and would provide for ongoing linear connectivity water flow is too high, it may not be possible to adequately convey the flow via the flume pipes.
Low-Moderate Moderate
The adoption of a coffer dam and flow diversion approach would partially obstruct the watercourse and thereby The process of constructing the coffer dam or berm would involve some degree of risk associated
Coffer Dam/Berm* + Flow
Y reduce biological connectivity. In addition the de-watering process could trap fauna in the impoundment area, with working in the wet as it relates to the safety of the construction personnel. This would be the
Diversion
and construction of the dam could mobilise sediments from the bed of the watercourse that would otherwise not case primarily during construction and de-commissioning of the minor dam and de-watering.
be disturbed if dry trenching. However, this approach would provide for conveyance of flows in the creek.
Wet Trenching** Y This approach would result in short term increases in erosion and sedimentation, as well as increases in The presence of water in the creek channel represents a hazard and would therefore increase the
turbidity levels. This could negatively impact on aquatic ecosystem health. overall construction risk.
High
In order to HDD, it would be recommended to re-align the ROW further to the north to form a straight ROW. In Very High
this case, the HDD length would be 752 m. The required location for the launch pad would be located to the Very high risk for Borehole instability associated with the presence of sandy gravel and gravelly
northwest of the crossing and would coincide with a low lying, boggy area. A stringing area of 752 m would also strata
be required, likely on the northwest side of the crossing. This would necessitate additional engineering works, High risk of blockage during string pull back phase (a single string but unfavourable geotech
including the establishment of a coffer dam to provide a safe, dry working space. This would increase the net conditions).
area of disturbance. High risk of damage to the pipe coating (H.D.D. drilling in sand clay and andesite strata, very
HDD Y
Extreme risk of failure of HDD due to presence of sand and gravel layers. Extreme risk for safe and effective high strength).
execution of HDD due to potential for borehole collapse during drilling and pull-back operations The available geotechnical information for the crossing point indicates a very high risk of frac out,
Duration of drilling works would be approx. 4 months of day and night work to conduct the drilling. This would in which case there would be an uncontrolled release of hazardous drilling fluids to the
require additional machinery to be shipped in from overseas, and would require a larger number of construction environment. In addition, there is a very high risk of failure to complete (e.g. if a boulder is
workers, thus increasing the traffic impacts over the construction period. Noise impacts would also be of a encountered during drilling), in which case the HDD would need to be abandoned and an
greater magnitude and duration for the HDD works. The NVMP identifies a sensitive receptor (residential) alternative crossing methodology adopted.
2.3km distant from the site, which has potential to be impacted by the works.
In the event of high flows during the scheduled work period, the works should be put on hold until the water levels drop.
Calliope River - Crossing Method Selection Analysis
Calliope River 352.374 Notes on Key Aquatic Values Objectives

Stream order: 5 Good quality riparian vegetation present along stream with heterogeneous RE consisting of RE11.3.4 and RE11.3.25. Minimise vegetation clearing on the banks
Avg. grade of the banks: <23 degrees Watercourse with constant low flows of water. Minimise safety risk to construction staff, plant and equipment.
Diverse aquatic fauna including fish and crustaceans present. Potential habitat for the White Throated Snapping Turtle and
Height of banks: 6-15m platypus (but none captured). Minimise disturbance of the watercourse (i.e. both duration and extent of disturbance). Maintain flows during construction.
Bankfull width: 30m
Water present: Y GEOLOGY: The geology at the proposed crossing is dominated by siltstone, mudstone, sandstone, limestone, conglomerate
Sand, gravel and and tuff. On the surface alluvium composed of gravel, sand, silt and clay locally overlie conglomerate. The area consist
silt/clay. Underlain by several faults. The top 25 m consists of soils varying loose silty sand, clayey sand and sandy clay and below are weathered
Substrate type: bedrock. and fractured rocks including granite. Loose sand is a concern of drilling in which it can cause continuous collapse. It is also
40,378m2 possible that upon withdrawal of the drill bit, loose sand may mix with drilling fluids. Actual rock layers may spread within 25 m
Extra workspace requirements:
depth and hard rock like granite may be encountered as boulders of thick layers.
Estimated Date Construction: Jul-13
Aquatic Value: High
Technical
Feasibility?
Moderate
Low-Moderate
There is a degree of risk associated with the possibility of flow events. It is apparent that the watercourse is subject to flow
Direct impacts resulting from the clearing and grading works should be minimised where possible due to the presence of
events periodically and it is conceivable that a flow event could occur during the 12 month period during which a crossing
Bed Level Crossing Y conservation significant flora.
would be required to be in place for access. This would potentially cut off access along the ROW, and if the rate at which the
Note: this approach may be adopted in the event the conditions at the time of construction suggest a low risk of flow events in
water level rises is high, could result in the loss or damage of construction equipment. Construction personnel would also be at
the watercourse.
risk under these circumstances.
Low-Moderate Low
Direct impacts relate to the removal of any riparian vegetation within the ROW, noting however, that this may also result in The crossing has relatively high water levels and a large number of tributary streams. In addition to the day to day base flows,
positive impacts due to the removal of weed species during clearing, and the subsequent rehabilitation. it is conceivable that a higher flow event could occur during the use of the causeway. The causeway would be retained for up
Causeway + Flume Y Preferred
A causeway has a similar footprint than a bed level crossing, due to a smaller amount of grading required on the banks. If the to 9 months for ongoing access along the ROW as per Fisheries Approval Reference No. 2012NA0527. It is beneficial to
watercourse is wet, the impact of obstructing creek flows / biological connectivity can be mitigated to an extent by installing reduce the safety risk to construction personnel and ensure ongoing access by construction a causeway, particularly as the
flume pipes. However, there is a requirement to use an additional workspace area to the left to construct the causeway. use of the crossing is to extend into the wet season.
Trenching Methodology Technical Feasibility Environmental Disturbance Construction Risk / Safety Preferred?
Low
Y Low-Moderate
Standard Mainline (Dry) Trenching Although there is a possibility of flows in the watercourse during construction, the duration of construction would be short (1-3
(if dry) Direct impacts relate to the removal of any riparian vegetation within the ROW.
days) and the risk can be effectively managed through construction scheduling.
Low-Moderate Low
Direct impacts relate to the removal of any riparian vegetation within the ROW, noting however, that this may also result in The crossing has relatively high water levels and a large number of tributary streams. In addition to the day to day base flows,
Minor Dam* + Flume + Standard positive impacts due to the removal of weed species during clearing, and the subsequent rehabilitation. it is conceivable that a higher flow event could occur during the use of the causeway. The causeway would be retained for up
Y Preferred
Mainline Trenching A causeway has a similar footprint than a bed level crossing, due to a smaller amount of grading required on the banks. If the to 9 months for ongoing access along the ROW as per Fisheries Approval Reference No. 2012NA0527. It is beneficial to
watercourse is wet, the impact of obstructing creek flows / biological connectivity can be mitigated to an extent by installing reduce the safety risk to construction personnel and ensure ongoing access by construction a causeway, particularly as the
flume pipes. However, there is a requirement to use an additional workspace area to the left to construct the causeway. use of the crossing is to extend into the wet season.
Y
Wet Trenching** This approach would result in short term increases in erosion and sedimentation, as well as increases in turbidity levels. This There is an inherently higher level of risk associated with working in the wet, particularly with respect to safety for personnel.
(if wet)
could negatively impact on aquatic ecosystem health. Furthermore, there is a higher risk of trench collapse associated with wet trenching.
High
High
Extreme risk of Borehole instability associated with the High risk of Blow-out of bentonite due to the presence of sandy gravel
HDD would require additional workspaces beyond the ROW due to a bend in the alignment, however, due to the location of
and gravelly sand up 24.
the crossing within the Callide Insfrastructure Corridor State Development Area and therefore substantial re-alignments are
High/extreme risk of Bentonite leakage into the creek bed due to the presence of gravel soil.
HDD Y not permitted. Furthermore, the required work spaces would also infringe on another Proponent's ROW. Therefore, HDD is
Extreme risk of blockage during the string pull back phase due to the presence of two different soil types (up 24/25m: gravel
not feasible at this location.
and clayey sandy gravel. Bellow 24/25m: andesite and granodiorite / granite very high strength, slightly weathered to fresh).
Geology also suggests that HDD is not suitable due to presence of gravel and loose sand. Presents high risk for safe and
High sensitivity to variations in geotechnical conditions (very high strength rocky soil and gravel)
effective execution of HDD due to potential for borehole collapse during drilling and pull-back operations
Moderate risk of damage to the pipe coating due to presence of hard substrate (rock).
Harper Creek - Crossing Method Selection Analysis
Harper Creek 360.338 Notes on Key Aquatic Values Objectives

Stream order: 4 Wide vegetated riparian zone on both banks. Minimise vegetation clearing on the banks
Avg. grade of the banks: >23 degrees Significant watercourse that was flowing at the time of inspection. Potential for high flow events periodically. Minimise safety risk to construction staff, plant and equipment.
Diverse aquatic ecology comprising fish, crustaceans, macrophytes and (non-threatened) turtles. Potential for White Minimise disturbance of the watercourse (i.e. both duration and extent of disturbance). Maintain flows during
Height of banks: 12m Throated Snapping Turtle and Platypus to occur. Appears to be affected by poor water quality from periodically. construction.
Bankfull width: 26m GEOLOGY: The geology at the proposed crossing indicates an early to middle age beds of siltstone, mudstone,
Water present: Y sandstone, limestone, conglomerate and tuff. The top 23 m is soils of varying layers – loose silty sand, gravels, sandy clay
etc. Below is very high strength weathered rocks. Loose sand is a concern of drilling where they could continuously
Substrate type: N/A
2 collapse and upon withdrawal of the drill bit, loose sand may mix with drilling fluids. Actual rock layers may spread within
Extra workspace requirements: 17,959m 23 m depth and are likely to be hard. Borehole HACBH01 indicates 3.2m of sandy clay followed by loose gravel up to
Estimated Date Construction: Jun-Jul 2013 23.1m. Borehole HACBH02 indicates gravels almost from ground level up to 14.8m. From both these boreholes, rock layer
Aquatic Value: High is encountered below 23m. Trial pit indicates top soil with clay up to 4m.
Technical
Feasibility?
Moderate
Low-Moderate There is a degree of risk associated with the possibility of flow events. It is apparent that the creek is subject to
Direct impacts relate to the removal of any riparian vegetation within the ROW. flow events periodically and it is conceivable that a flow event could occur during the 3 month period during which
Bed Level Crossing Y
Note: this approach may be adopted in the event the conditions at the time of construction suggest a low risk of flow a crossing would be required to be in place for access. This would potentially cut off access along the ROW, and if
events in the creek. the rate at which the water level rises is high, could result in the loss or damage of construction equipment.
Construction personnel would also be at risk under these circumstances.
Low-Moderate
Low
Direct impacts relate to the removal of any riparian vegetation within the ROW, noting however, that this may also result in
The crossing has relatively high water levels and a large number of tributary streams. In addition to the day to day
positive impacts due to the removal of weed species during clearing, and the subsequent rehabilitation.
base flows, it is conceivable that a higher flow event could occur during the use of the causeway. The causeway
Causeway + Flume Y A causeway has a similar footprint than a bed level crossing, due to a smaller amount of grading required on the banks. If Preferred
would be retained for up to 9 months for ongoing access along the ROW as per Fisheries Approval Reference No.
the watercourse is wet, the impact of obstructing creek flows / biological connectivity can be mitigated to an extent by
2012NA0527. It is beneficial to reduce the safety risk to construction personnel and ensure ongoing access by
installing flume pipes. However, there is a requirement to use an additional workspace area to the left to construct the
construction a causeway, particularly as the use of the crossing is to extend into the wet season.
causeway.
Low
Y Low-Moderate
Standard Mainline (Dry) Trenching Although there is a possibility of flows in the creek during construction, the duration of construction would be short
(1-3 days) and the risk can be effectively managed through construction scheduling.
Low-Moderate
Low
Direct impacts relate to the removal of any riparian vegetation within the ROW, noting however, that this may also result in
positive impacts due to the removal of weed species during clearing, and the subsequent rehabilitation.
Minor Dam* + Flume + Standard base flows, it is conceivable that a higher flow event could occur during the use of the causeway. The causeway
Y A causeway has a similar footprint than a bed level crossing, due to a smaller amount of grading required on the banks. If Preferred
Mainline Trenching would be retained for up to 9 months for ongoing access along the ROW as per Fisheries Approval Reference No.
the watercourse is wet, the impact of obstructing creek flows / biological connectivity can be mitigated to an extent by
installing flume pipes. However, there is a requirement to use an additional workspace area to the left to construct the
causeway.
Y
Wet Trenching** This approach would result in short term increases in erosion and sedimentation, as well as increases in turbidity levels.
There is an inherently higher level of risk associated with working in the wet, particularly with respect to safety for
(if flowing)
This could negatively impact on aquatic ecosystem health. personnel. Furthermore, there is a higher risk of trench collapse associated with wet trenching.
High
High High risk for Borehole instability associated with the presence of sandy gravel and gravelly
HDD would require additional workspaces beyond the ROW, however, due to the location of the crossing within the strata (Thickness 1,5 m).
Callide Insfrastructure Corridor State Development Area substantial re-alignments are not permitted. Therefore, HDD is Moderate risk of Bentonite leakage into the creek (sand clay from ground level to 14, 5m, minimum
HDD Y drilling cover 18m).
not feasible at this location.
Geology also suggests that HDD is not suitable due to presence of gravel and loose sand. Presents high risk for safe and High risk of blockage during string pull back phase (a single string but unfavourable geotech
effective execution of HDD due to potential for borehole collapse during drilling and pull-back operations conditions)
High risk of damage to the pipe coating (H.D.D. drilling in sand clay and andesite strata, very
high strength)
Additional Mitigation Measures
Larcom Creek 1 - Crossing Method Selection Analysis
Larcom Creek 378.069 Notes on Key Aquatic Values Objectives

Stream order: 4 Good quality, very wide riparian zone. Minimise vegetation clearing on the banks
Avg. grade of the banks: N/A Tributary of the Calliope River and likely to have permanent flows. Minimise safety risk to construction staff, plant and equipment.
Complex instream habitat including riffles, runs, aquatic plant beds and snags. Diverse aquatic fauna including fish, Minimise disturbance of the watercourse (i.e. both duration and extent of disturbance). Maintain flows during
Height of banks: 2-5m turtle species and crustaceans. Potential habitat for white-throated snapping turtle construction.
Bankfull width: 54m
Y GEOLOGY: The geology is comprised of siltstone, mudstone, sandstone, limestone, conglomerate and tuff.
Water present:
Silt/clay, gravel and Surface alluvium composed of gravel, sand; silt and clay locally overlie beds of conglomerate. Numerous faults are
Substrate type: pebbles. likely. Trial pits indicated moderately weathered sand stone with sandy gravel and clay. Sandy and gravelly clay is
noticed from borehole with high strength and fractured rock below.
Extra workspace requirements: 13,121m2
Estimated Date Construction: Sep-13
Aquatic Value: High
Technical
Feasibility?
Moderate
There is a degree of risk associated with the high probability that the creek would be flowing during the 3 month
Low-Moderate
Bed Level Crossing Y period during which a crossing would be required to be in place for access. Under these circumstances a bed
Direct impacts relate to the removal of any riparian vegetation within the ROW.
level crossing would not be feasible due to the high risk to construction equipment and personnel, and the need
to maintain access along the ROW.
Low-Moderate Low
Direct impacts relate to the removal of any riparian vegetation within the ROW, noting however, that this may also The crossing has relatively high water levels and a large number of tributary streams. In addition to the day to
result in positive impacts due to the removal of weed species during clearing, and the subsequent rehabilitation. day base flows, it is conceivable that a higher flow event could occur during the use of the causeway. The
Causeway + Flume Y A causeway has a similar footprint than a bed level crossing, due to a smaller amount of grading required on the causeway would be retained for up to 9 months for ongoing access along the ROW as per Fisheries Approval Preferred
banks. If the watercourse is wet, the impact of obstructing creek flows / biological connectivity can be mitigated to Reference No. 2012NA0527. It is beneficial to reduce the safety risk to construction personnel and ensure
an extent by installing flume pipes. However, there is a requirement to use an additional workspace area to the left ongoing access by construction a causeway, particularly as the use of the crossing is to extend into the wet
to construct the causeway season
Technical
Feasibility
Low
Y Low-Moderate
Standard Mainline (Dry) Trenching Although there is a possibility of flows in the creek during construction, the duration of construction would be
short (1-3 days) and the risk can be effectively managed through construction scheduling.
Low-Moderate Low
Direct impacts relate to the removal of any riparian vegetation within the ROW, noting however, that this may also The crossing has relatively high water levels and a large number of tributary streams. In addition to the day to
result in positive impacts due to the removal of weed species during clearing, and the subsequent rehabilitation. day base flows, it is conceivable that a higher flow event could occur during the use of the causeway. The
Minor Dam* + Flume + Standard
Y A causeway has a similar footprint than a bed level crossing, due to a smaller amount of grading required on the causeway would be retained for up to 9 months for ongoing access along the ROW as per Fisheries Approval Preferred
Mainline Trenching
banks. If the watercourse is wet, the impact of obstructing creek flows / biological connectivity can be mitigated to Reference No. 2012NA0527. It is beneficial to reduce the safety risk to construction personnel and ensure
an extent by installing flume pipes. However, there is a requirement to use an additional workspace area to the left ongoing access by construction a causeway, particularly as the use of the crossing is to extend into the wet
to construct the causeway. season.
Y
Wet Trenching** There is an inherently higher level of risk associated with working in the wet, particularly with respect to safety for
This approach would result in short term increases in erosion and sedimentation, as well as increases in turbidity
(if flowing)
levels. This could negatively impact on aquatic ecosystem health. personnel. Furthermore, there is a higher risk of trench collapse associated with wet trenching.
High High
HDD would require additional workspaces beyond the ROW, however, due to the location of the crossing within the Extreme risk of Bentonite leakage into the creek bed due to the presence of very gravelly soil.
Callide Insfrastructure Corridor State Development Area substantial re-alignments are not permitted. Therefore, Extreme variations in geotechnical conditions of soil (sand clay and gravelly sand and andesite
HDD Y very high strength).
HDD is not feasible at this location.
Geology also suggest that HDD is not suitable due to loose gravel. Presents a high risk of safe and effective Extreme risk of pipe blockage during the pull back phase due to the presence of different soil
execution of HDD due to potential for borehole collapse during drilling a pull-back operations. types
Extreme risk of damage to the pipe coating due to presence of hard substrate (rock).
Larcom Creek 2 - Crossing Method Selection Analysis
Larcom Creek 384.76 Notes on Key Aquatic Values Objectives

Stream order: 3 Good quality, albeit narrow riparian zone. Minimise vegetation clearing on the banks
Avg. grade of the banks: <23 degrees Substantial watercourse flowing water at time of survey; likely to be perennial flow. Minimise safety risk to construction staff, plant and equipment.
Complex instream habitat including aquatic plant beds and snags. Diverse aquatic fauna including fish, turtle Minimise disturbance of the watercourse (i.e. both duration and extent of disturbance). Maintain flows during
Height of banks: 2m species and crustaceans. Potential habitat for white-throated snapping turtle construction.
Bankfull width: 28m GEOLOGY: Geology is comprised of siltstone, mudstone, sandstone, limestone, conglomerate and tuff. Borehole
Water present: Y BHLC01 indicates traces of gravel up to 7.2m followed gravelly mixed soil up to 12.6m. Below this depth, material is
hard rock and drilling was refused at 17.7m. Conversely BH-LAR01 shows soil up to 5.6m and below fine grained
siltstone and mudstone up to 17.66m. Further down is coarse grained sand stone.
Estimated Date Construction: Sep-13
Extra work space required: 17991m2
Aquatic Value: High
Technical
Feasibility?
Moderate
There is a degree of risk associated with the high probability that the creek would be flowing during the 3 month
Low-Moderate
Bed Level Crossing Y period during which a crossing would be required to be in place for access. Under these circumstances a bed level
Direct impacts relate to the removal of any riparian vegetation within the ROW.
crossing would not be feasible due to the high risk to construction equipment and personnel, and the need to
maintain access along the ROW.
Low-Moderate
Low
Direct impacts relate to the removal of any riparian vegetation within the ROW, noting however, that this may also
result in positive impacts due to the removal of weed species during clearing, and the subsequent rehabilitation.
base flows, it is conceivable that a higher flow event could occur during the use of the causeway. The causeway
Causeway + Flume Y A causeway has a similar footprint than a bed level crossing, due to a smaller amount of grading required on the Preferred
would be retained for up to 9 months for ongoing access along the ROW as per Fisheries Approval Reference No.
banks. If the watercourse is wet, the impact of obstructing creek flows / biological connectivity can be mitigated to an
extent by installing flume pipes. However, there is a requirement to use an additional workspace area to the left to
construct the causeway.
Low
Y Low-Moderate
Standard Mainline (Dry) Trenching Although there is a possibility of flows in the creek during construction, the duration of construction would be short (1-
3 days) and the risk can be effectively managed through construction scheduling.
Low-Moderate
The adoption of a minor dam and flume approach would partially obstruct and thereby reduce biological connectivity.
Low
In addition the de-watering process could trap fauna in the impoundment area, and construction of the dam could
Minor Dam* + Flume + Standard The process of constructing the minor dam would involve some degree of risk associated with working in the wet as
Y mobilise sediments from the bed of the creek that would otherwise not be disturbed if dry trenching. Any fauna Preferred
Mainline Trenching it relates to the safety of the construction personnel. This would be the case primarily during construction and de-
caught in the impoundment area would need to be relocated by a fauna handler. However the flume pipes would
commissioning of the minor dam and de-watering.
provide ongoing linear connectivity along the watercourse.
Y
Wet Trenching** This approach would result in short term increases in erosion and sedimentation, as well as increases in turbidity There is an inherently higher level of risk associated with working in the wet, particularly with respect to safety for
(if flowing)
levels. This could negatively impact on aquatic ecosystem health. personnel. Furthermore, there is a higher risk of trench collapse associated with wet trenching.
High High
If HDD were proposed for this site it would require significant re-alignment due to the presence of a number of Extreme risk of Bentonite leakage into the creek bed due to the presence of very gravelly soil.
constraints in this location, including QG pipeline, future rail corridor, hilly land, commercial premises and a water Extreme variations in geotechnical conditions of soil (sand clay and gravelly sand and andesite
HDD Y pipeline. Substantial realignments are not permitted due to constraints associated with CICSDA. It is therefore not very high strength).
feasible to conduct HDD for this watercourse. Extreme risk of pipe blockage during the pull back phase due to the presence of different soil
Geology also indicates that HDD is not suitable due to loose gravel. Presents a high risk of safe and effective types
execution of HDD due to potential for borehole collapse during drilling a pull-back operations. Extreme risk of damage to the pipe coating due to presence of hard substrate (rock).
Snags and other woody debris within the creek channel at the location of the crossing should be relocated or removed and replaced after the conclusion of works.
APPENDIX G2 – Baffle Creek Crossing: Analysis of Open Cut and Horizontal
Directional Drilling and Open Cut and Horizontal Directional Drilling Options Technical
and Geotechnical Assessment
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Saipem Australia Pty Ltd Rev. D
GLNG GAS TRANSMISSION PIPELINE

Contract No.
Company Doc. No. 3380-SAIP-4-1.3-7071
897315
Document Title: Baffle Creek Crossing - Analysis of Open Cut and
Horizontal Direction Drilling
Baffle Creek Crossing

Analysis of Open Cut and Horizontal Direction Drilling
D Issued for Approval (IFA) J. Rey R. Lumley S. Morgante 23.11.2012

C Issued for Approval (IFA) J. Rey F. Howe S. Morgante 1.11.2012
B Issued for Approval (IFA) J. Rey F. Howe S. Morgante 10.10.2012
A Issued for Review (IFR) J. Rey F. Howe S. Morgante 17.09.2012
Revision Reason For Issue Prepared Checked Approved Date
This document contains confidential information and is not to be disclosed to any third parties without prior written
permission from Saipem Australia Pty Ltd.
UNCONTROLLED IF PRINTED
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Contract No.
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permission from Saipem Australia Pty Ltd.
COMPANY REVIEW CODE

Code Description Tick
1 No comment. Proceed to AFC.
2 Revise as noted and re-submit.
3 Revise as directed and re-submit. Works may NOT proceed.
4 Information Only. Re-submission not required.
5 Approved for Construction (AFC)
Signed: Dated:
Contractor remains responsible for the due and proper performance in accordance with the
Contract. Comments do not limit or relieve Contractor of any obligation or liability under the
Contract or give rise to any claim.
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Contract No.
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CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY V
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1. Project Description 1
1.2. Scope and Purpose 2
2. DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS 3

2.1. Definitions 3
2.2. Abbreviations 3
3. RELEVANT LEGISLATION, CONDITIONS AND OTHER

DOCUMENTS 5
3.1. Legislation 5
3.2. EIS Commitments and Approval Conditions 5
3.3. Permits and Licences 7
3.4. Codes and Guidelines 8
3.5. Contractor Documents 9
3.6. Other References 10
4. SITE CONTEXT 12
5. CONSTRUCTION OPTIONS 14

5.1. GTP Route Options 14
5.2. Proposed Construction Methods 14
5.2.2 Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) 18
6. ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES 26

6.1. Water Quality, Hydrology and Aquatic Ecology 26
6.2. Terrestrial Ecology 29
6.3. Geology, Soils and Landform 38
6.4. Noise, Vibration and Amenity 42
6.5. Cultural Heritage 43
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7. RISK ASSESSMENT 45
7.1. Risk Identification 45
7.2. Risk Assessment Method 45
7.3. Risk Assessment Results 47
8. MITIGATIONS AND RESIDUAL RISK 54
9. RECOMMENDATIONS 64
10. APPENDICES 67
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Contract No.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This report assesses options for the location and method for the pipeline crossing of Baffle Creek,
approximately located between kilometre point (KP) 19 and KP 22.
Two alignments were considered to achieve the pipeline crossing of Baffle Creek:
 The original Right of Way (ROW A8), described as the Eastern Alignment in this report.
 The proposed Route Change Request (RR1002 Rev B), described as the Western Alignment.
The watercourse crossing methods considered were open cut (trenching) and horizontal directional
drilling (HDD).
The table below summarises the identified potential impacts and residual risks, with a moderate or
high risk level, associated with each potential watercourse crossing method.
Summary of Key Risks for Watercourse Crossing Methods
Aspect Watercourse Crossing Method

Open Cut Method HDD Method
Western Alignment (RR1002 Rev B) Eastern Alignment (ROW A8)
Potential Technically feasible with low risk of failure. Very high risk of failure due to:
technical  Blockage due to high frictional forces
risks associated with the length of the borehole
(1,455 m), and the large diameter of the
borehole (minimum 56” diameter required to
host the 42” pipe).
 High risk of blow-out of bentonite due to the
presence of weathered and fractured
sandstone.
 High sensitivity to variations in geotechnical
conditions.
 High risk of bentonite leakage into the surface
of the creek bed due to the relatively shallow
depth of the borehole beneath the creek bed
(approximately 10 m). To achieve a greater
depth would require a longer HDD.
 Increased risk of blockage associated with the
need to connect two pipe strings.
 Requirement for a second HDD for the FOC,
potentially increasing likelihood of failure.
 Risk of damage to the pipe coating due to
presence of rock (harder substrate increases
risk of damage).
 Potential for delays due to HDD failure and
damage to pipe.
2 2
Estimated Total area of approximately 101,950 m Total area of approximately 17,200-20,000 m
disturbance comprising: comprising:
 
2 2
area ROW alignment of 56,000 m (1,870 m by Pipe stringing (16,000 m ).
30 m wide).Work areas of 45,950 m2  Work areas including drill pad and shafts
2
(located outside areas directly impacting on (1,200-4,000 m ).
aquatic values).
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No direct disturbance within the bankfull width of
From the total disturbance area, the direct the watercourse.
disturbance footprint within the watercourse
bankfull width (i.e. watercourse crossing) is
limited to: Access via existing tracks and ROW.
 3,360 m2 (112 m long x 30 m wide).
Access via existing tracks and ROW.
Key potential Reduced water quality due to spills of hazardous Reduced water quality due to uncontrolled loss of
environmental materials. drilling fluids.
risks
Reduced water quality due to sedimentation. Clearance of native vegetation, including species
of conservation concern.
Temporary alteration of existing surface water
flows and long term modification of creek bed. Reduction in fauna habitat and direct disturbance
to fauna species of conservation concern.
Reduction of aquatic habitat due to increased
exposure to sun and wind caused by riparian Reduction in conditions favourable to terrestrial
vegetation clearing. flora and fauna due to spillage or disposal of
drilling fluids.
Direct disturbance of aquatic species of
conservation concern. Alteration of hydrogeological properties due to
hydraulic fracturing.
Clearance of native vegetation, including species
of conservation concern. Increased pressure on local water resources due
to use of large volume of suitable quality water to
Introduction and/or increased abundance of make drilling mud.
aquatic weeds and pest species.
If borehole failure was to occur and reinstatement
Reduction in terrestrial fauna habitat and direct was not possible, movement of the alignment
disturbance to fauna species of conservation would double the HDD disturbance footprint.
concern.
Accidental trapping, injury or death of animals.

Loss of topsoil or inversion of soil horizons.
Alteration of existing landform.
Soil erosion.
Disturbance of sensitive animal species due to

noise and vibration.
Disturbance of cultural heritage sites.

Estimated Typically 5 months for construction only. Typically 6 months for construction only.
timing
Total timeframe of works within the bankfull width
of the watercourse is 2.5 months.
Optimum trenching time April to May due to low
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watercourse flow and to avoid main breeding
season for many sensitive animal species.
Based on the assessment of environmental risks, a trenchless method such as HDD at the Eastern
Alignment (original GLNG ROW A8) is likely to avoid many of the environmental impacts associated
with the crossing of Baffle Creek. However, the HDD method may potentially outweigh the
environmental benefits typically related to trenchless execution due to a prolonged invasive impact on
unsurveyed terrestrial environments.
The HDD method for the crossing of Baffle Creek is not considered technically feasible due to the
very high risk of failure associated with identified technical risks.
In conclusion, the crossing of Baffle Creek by open cut method on the Western Alignment is the
preferred option proposed by Saipem because of its low risk profile from a constructability
perspective.
This report has not taken into consideration health and safety risks, detailed engineering scoping,
scheduling of work and costing of options.
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Project Description
GLNG Operations Pty Ltd is planning a large scale development to extract coal seam gas (CSG) from
existing and future fields in the Roma, Fairview and Arcadia Valley area in Queensland (Upstream)
and to supply that gas for commercial sale and/or conversion to liquefied natural gas (LNG).
A gas transmission pipeline (GTP) called the ‘GLNG Pipeline’ is a major component of the
development. The 42” outer diameter (OD) GLNG Pipeline will be approximately 420 km long and will
be used to transport CSG from the existing and future fields in the Roma, Fairview and Arcadia Valley
area to an LNG processing facility (LNG Plant) at Curtis Island near Gladstone. Figure 1 shows the
GTP route.
Figure 1: Gas Transmission Pipeline Route
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1.2. Scope and Purpose
Construction of the GTP involves crossing numerous watercourses. Watercourses considered of high
environmental value, including Baffle Creek, require careful consideration of potential crossing
locations and methods.
Although the selected construction method for Baffle Creek Crossing is open cut on the alternative
route RR1002 REV B, due to outstanding environmental constraints, GLNG requested Saipem
investigate on alternative trenchless execution techniques.
This report assess the options for the location and method for the pipeline crossing of Baffle Creek,
approximately located between kilometre point (KP) 19 and KP 22.
The scope of this report is to:
 Conduct an environmental assessment of the potential use of horizontal directional drilling
(HDD) as an alternative to open cut trench for construction of the Baffle Creek crossing.
 Review identified route options for the Baffle Creek crossing.
 Identify the key environmental values of Baffle Creek that may be impacted by construction of
the watercourse crossing.
 Assess potential environmental impacts associated with construction of the Baffle Creek
crossing.
 Develop reasonable and feasible mitigation measures to avoid, minimise or manage the
identified potential environmental impacts.
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2. DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS
2.1. Definitions
Bed and Banks Refers to the land over which the water of the watercourse normally flows, or that
is normally covered by water, whether permanently or intermittently. It does not
include land adjoining or adjacent to the bed or banks that is from time to time
covered by floodwaters (as defined under the Water Act 2000).
Company GLNG Operations Pty Ltd.
Contractor Saipem Australia Pty Ltd.
Creek See watercourse.
Drainage feature As defined under the Water Act 2000, means a natural landscape feature,
including a gully, drain, drainage depression or other erosion feature that —
(a) is formed by the concentration of, or operates to confine or concentrate,
overland flow water during and immediately after rainfall events; and
(b) flows for only a short duration after a rainfall event, regardless of the
frequency of flow events; and
(c) commonly, does not have enough continuing flow to create a riverine
environment.
Project Gas Transmission Pipeline (GTP) project.
Watercourse As defined under the Water Act 2000, a watercourse is a river, creek or other
stream, including a stream in the form of an anabranch or a tributary, in which the
water flows permanently or intermittently (regardless of the frequency of flow
events) in a natural channel, whether artificially modified or not; or in an artificial
channel that has changed the course of the stream. This includes any in-stream
islands, benches and bars. A drainage feature (see above) or overland flow path
is not a watercourse.
2.2. Abbreviations
AVMP Aquatic Values Management Plan, incorporating the Aquatic Values Assessment
CEMP Contractor Environmental Management Plan
DAFF Queensland Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry
DEEDI Former Queensland Department of Employment, Economic Development and
Innovation (now DAFF)
DEHP Queensland Department of Environment and Heritage Protection
DERM Former Queensland Department of Environment and Resource Management
(now DEHP)
DSEWPC Commonwealth Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population
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and Communities
DPIF Queensland Department Primary Industries and Fisheries (now DAFF)
EHSMS Environment, Health, Safety and Management System
EIS Environmental Impact Statement
EMP Environmental Management Plan
EMS Environmental Management System
EP Act Queensland Environmental Protection Act 1994
EPBC Act Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
ESCP Erosion and Sediment Control Plan
FOC Fibre Optic Cable
GLNG Gladstone Liquefied Natural Gas
GTP Gas Transmission Pipeline
HDD Horizontal Directional Drilling
KP Kilometre Point
LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
MNES Matters of National Environmental Significance, as identified under the
Commonwealth EPBC Act.
OD Outer Diameter
Qld State of Queensland
RCR Route Change Request
RE Regional Ecosystems
ROW Right of Way
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3. RELEVANT LEGISLATION, CONDITIONS AND OTHER DOCUMENTS
3.1. Legislation
This section lists the key legislative instruments applicable to watercourse crossings.
Commonwealth legislation:
 Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.
 Native Title Act 1993.
Queensland legislation:
 Environmental Protection Act 1994.
 Environmental Protection (Water) Policy 2009.
 Water Act 2000.
 Water Regulation 2002.
 Fisheries Act 1994.
 Fisheries Regulation 2008.
 Nature Conservation Act 1992.
 Vegetation Management Act 1999.
 Sustainable Planning Act and Regulation 2009.
 Land Protection (Pest and Stock Route Management) Act 2002.
 Workplace Health and Safety Act 2011.
 Workplace Health and Safety Regulations 2011.
3.2. EIS Commitments and Approval Conditions
The conditions of approval and other commitments relevant to the management of impacts on
watercourse crossings are outlined in Table 1.
Table 1. Conditions of Approval

Document Name Summary
Santos/Petronas (2009) GLNG Project
– Environmental Impact Statement.
March 2009. These documents provide an assessment of the potential impacts
of the GLNG project, and detail a series of environmental
Santos/Petronas (2009) GLNG Project management and mitigation measures.
– EIS Supplement. November 2009.
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The report includes an assessment and conclusions about the

environmental effects of the larger GLNG project (including the
Coordinator-General’s Evaluation GTP) and any associated mitigation measures. It was prepared
Report – Gladstone Liquefied Natural based on a review of the environmental impact statement (EIS) and
Gas – GLNG Project. May 2010. supplementary EIS, submissions and responses to submissions,
advice from various agencies, and legal advice. Appendix 1 details
whole of project conditions and Appendix 3 relates to the GTP.
Approval to develop, construct,

operate and de-commission a 430km Outlines the conditions of approval issued by the Commonwealth
pipeline network to link coal seam gas Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Populations and
fields to a proposed LNG facility on Communities (DSEWPC) under the Environment Protection and
Curtis Island (and approved variation). Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.
EPBC No. 2008/4096. October 2010.
DERM Resource Authority GLNG
Project – Curtis Island Gas
Transmission Pipeline. Permit No:
PEN102968511 / PPL168. November
2011.
DERM Resource Authority GLNG Outlines the conditions of approval of the authority issued by DEHP
Project – Mainland Gas Transmission (former DERM) under Section 310M of the EP Act 1994.
Pipeline. Permit No: PEN102664411 /
PPL166. December 2011.
DEHP Resource Authority GLNG
Project – Marine Crossing Pipeline.
Permit No: PEN103428811 / PPL167.
September 2012.
This CEMP was prepared by the Construction Contractor, Saipem,
Saipem (2011) GLNG GTP Project and is based on the Environmental Requirements identified in the
Specific Contractor Construction GLNG GTP FEED Specification for EPC Contractor Schedule 23
Environmental Management Plan. (Doc. No. 3380-GLNG-3-1.3-0008). It describes the environmental
June 2011. management protection measures to be employed during pre-
construction and construction of the GTP.
GLNG (2011) GLNG Gas
Transmission Pipeline Environmental
These EMPs were prepared by GLNG to support its applications for
Management Plan in Support of an
development approval under the EPBC Act and the EP Act. They
Environmental Authority Application for
cover all aspects of the construction, operation and de-
the Mainland GTP. July 2011.
commissioning of the GTP. The purpose of the Plans is to identify
GLNG (2011) GLNG Gas the environmental values affected by the proposed activity and the
Transmission Pipeline Environmental mitigation and management commitments necessary to protect
Management Plan in Support of an those values.
Environmental Authority for Curtis
Island. June 2011.
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Transmission Pipeline Environmental
Management Plan in Support of an
Environmental Authority for Marine
Crossing GTP. June 2012.
Transmission Pipeline EPBC
Environmental Management Plan for
Mainland GTP. May 2012.

Transmission Pipeline EPBC
Environmental Management Plan for
Curtis Island GTP. May 2012.
A series of AVMPs have been prepared for approval by the relevant

authorities. There are a number of measures identified in these
Aquatic Values Management Plans documents that relate to watercourse crossings. The accompanying
(AVMPs) Aquatic Values Assessments (AVAs) also provide some information
on the condition and values associated with the receiving waters
located in the project areas.
GLNG – GTP FEED Specification for
EPC Contractor Environmental
Requirements (Schedule 23) Doc No: These documents define the minimum environmental and health
3380-GLNG-3-1.3-0008. and safety requirements (respectively) to be met by the Contractor
GLNG – GTP FEED Specification for (and any sub-contractors) working on the GLNG GTP Project.
Health, Safety and Security
Requirements (Schedule 22)
This document sets out general mitigation and management
Species Management Plan measures to address potential impacts on flora and fauna within the
project area.
A series of SSMPs have been prepared for approval by the relevant
Significant Species Management
authorities. These documents set out specific mitigation measures
Plans (SSMPs)
for significant species of flora and fauna within the project area.
3.3. Permits and Licences
Additional approvals/permits which may be applicable to the construction of watercourse crossings

are as follows:
 Development application for constructing or raising a waterway barrier.
 Prescribed Tidal Works application.
 Operational Works development application for removing, destroying or damaging marine
plants.
 Operational Works development application for extraction of quarry material.
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3.4. Codes and Guidelines
The relevant guidelines and references relating to the construction of watercourse crossings for the
project are outlined in Table 2. Any investigations, assessment or management of watercourse
crossings will be conducted in accordance with these guidelines.
Table 2. Relevant codes and guidelines

Document name Summary
(DEEDI, 2010) Code for Self- Prepared by the former Queensland Department of Employment, Economic
Assessable Development Development and Innovation (DEEDI, now Department of Agriculture,
Temporary Waterway Barrier Fisheries and Forestry (DAFF)) to provide a framework for the management
Works. (Doc. No: WWBW02). of certain types of minor works within a watercourse that do not require a
DEEDI (2001) Code for Self- development approval or consent.
Assessable Development
Minor Waterway Barrier Works
– Part 1: Minor Dams and
Weirs and Part 4 – Bed Level
Crossings. (Doc. No:
WWBW01).
Saipem (2012) Project Specific This Project Specific Code is relevant to assessing operational work that is
Code for Self-Assessable the construction or raising of temporary waterway barriers under the
Development – Temporary and Fisheries Act 1994 if the waterway barriers:
Minor Waterway Barrier Works • are intended to exist for no more than 150 calendar days;
(Doc. No: 3380-SAIP-4-8.2- • are no more than 40 metres in length measured across the waterway;
7001).
• are no more than 15 metres wide for gas and water gathering systems;
and
• are no more than 30 metres wide for a high pressure gas transmission
pipeline.
The Code is also relevant to assessing operational works under the Fisheries
Act 1994 comprising the construction or raising of waterway barriers and
their maintenance if the waterway barrier works are:
• bed level waterway crossings; or
• weirs or causeways to facilitate access or construction of the pipeline.
This Project Specific Code does not apply to the construction of temporary
waterway barriers within the boundaries of declared Fish Habitat Areas and
Wild River Areas.
DPIF (2004) Fish Salvage Provide guidance specific to the salvage, or relocation, of fish (e.g., from
Guidelines. impounded waters).
DERM (2012) Guideline – Although the project is not classified as a mining project, the conditions of
Activities in a watercourse lake approval reference this document. It provides guidance relevant to works in
or spring associated with watercourse crossings.
mining operations.
Australian Standard AS 2885.1 The Australian Standard relevant to the design and construction of gas
Pipeline-Gas and Liquid transmission pipelines, including environmental management measures.
Petroleum. Part 1: Design and
Construction.
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Document name Summary
APIA (2009) Code of Covers all aspects of environmental management relating to pipelines,
Environmental Practice including in relation to contaminated land.
Onshore Pipeline Projects.
APIA (2004) Onshore Pipeline Provide guidance on minimising risk as it relates to occupational health and
Projects Construction Health safety.
and Safety Guidelines.
3.5. Contractor Documents
A list of environmental management plans and procedures referenced within this report is provided in
Table 3.
Table 3. Environmental management documents

Document name Document number
GLNG GTP Project Specific Contractor Environmental Management Plan 3380-SAIP-4-1.3-1814
Project Environmental Monitoring and Reporting System 3380-SAIP-4-1.3-1846
General Environmental Risk Register 3380-SAIP-4-1.3-1830
Community Relations Management Plan 3380-SAIP-4-1.3-1811
Watercourse Crossing Management Plan 3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6040
Water Quality Management Plan 3380-SAIP-4-1.3-1947
Pre-Clearance Survey Methodology 3380-SAIP-4-1.3-1997
Fauna Handling Procedure 3380-SAIP-4-1.2-1965
Pest and Weed Management Plan 3380-SAIP-4-1.2-1842
Erosion and Sediment Control Management Plan (ESCP) (several plans 3380-SAIP-4-1.3-1833
prepared for different parts of the project area)
Waste Management Plan 3380-SAIP-4-1.2-1806
Hydrotest Water Management Plan 3380-SAIP-4-1.3-1840
Emergency Response Plan: Spill Prevention and Response 3380-SAIP-4-1.3-1831
Noise and Vibration Management Plan 3380-SAIP-4-1.3-1838
Land Rehabilitation/Reinstatement Management Plan 3380-SAIP-4-1.2-1834
Project Environmental Induction and Training Plan 3380-SAIP-4-1.3-7002
Air Quality Management Plan 3380-SAIP-4-3.3-1837
Baffle Creek Crossing Open Cut and Horizontal Directional Drilling Options - 3381-SAIP-4-3.2-3287
Technical and Geotechnical Assessment
Road Use and Traffic Management Plan 3380-SAIP-4-2.1-6060
A list of existing procedures referred to in this report is provided in Table 4.
Table 4. Contractor plans and procedures

Document name Document number
Construction Management Plan 3380-SAIP-4-2.1-6001
Logistics & Materials Management Plan 3380-SAIP-4-2.1-6002
Survey Works Procedure 3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6009
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Field Joint Coating Procedure 3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6015
Welding and NDT Procedure 3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6017
Bedding-Padding-Backfilling Procedure 3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6022
Buoyancy Control Procedure 3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6027
Clean Up & Marker Installation Procedure 3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6033
External Concrete Coating Procedure 3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6034
Hydrological Assessment & Report 3381-SAIP-4-3.3-3107
Interface Management Plan 3380-SAIP-4-2.1-2008
Project Quality Plan 3380-SAIP-4-6.6-1251
Project Organisation: Roles and Responsibilities 3380-SAIP-4-6.6-1252
Quality Assurance Activities and Audit Plan 3380-SAIP-4-6.6-1253
Document Control Plan and Management Procedure 3380-SAIP-4-8.1-3015
Risk Management Plan 3380-SAIP-4-9.1-3025
Health & Safety Management Plan 3380-SAIP-4-1.2-1836
HSE Audit Schedule and Procedure 3380-SAIP-4-1.2-1854
Security Management Plan 3380-SAIP-4-1.2-1950
Rock Blasting Procedure 3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6008
Watercourse Crossing Procedure 3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6026
Procedure for Installation of Mainline FOC 3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6066
Baffle Creek Crossing Procedure (Open cut) 3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6074
3.6. Other References
The following other references were used in preparing this report.

 Ausecology (2012). Pre-Clearance Ecological Survey Report for KP0-37 of the GLNG Pipeline
Project. August 2012.
 Coffey Geotechnics (2009). Factual Report on Mainland Geotechnical Investigation, QLD.
 DEHP (2011a). Dawson River Sub-basin Environmental Values and Water Quality Objectives.
September 2011
 DEHP (2011b). www.ehp.qld.gov.au. Accessed on 12 September 2012.
 DEHP (2010). Fitzroy Natural Resource Management Region Back on Track Actions for
Biodiversity. July 2010.
 Ecologica (2012). Pre-Clearance Survey Report for KP0-KP130 of the GLNG Pipeline Project.
 Eiby Y. and Booth D. (2011). Determining optimal incubation temperature for a head-start
program: the effect of incubation temperature on hatchling Burnett River snapping turtles
(Elseya albagula). Australian Journal of Zoology, 59: 18–25. May 2011.
 FRC Environmental (2012). GLNG GTP Aquatic Values Assessment for Major Watercourse
KP 0 – 70 Report. July 2012.
 Saipem (2012a). Preclearance Ecological Survey RCR Baffle Creek. July 2012.
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 Saipem (2012b). GLNG Gas Transmission Pipeline Baffle Creek Crossing Geotechnical Note.
August 2012.
 Santos/Petronas (2009). GLNG Project – Environmental Impact Statement. March 2009.
 Standards Australia (2009). Australian Standard AS/NZ ISO 31000:2009 Risk Management–
Principles and Guidelines. 2009.
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4. SITE CONTEXT
The pipeline ROW crosses the upper reaches of Baffle Creek at approximately KP 20.4 or
coordinates 687711E, 7167724N (Datum GDA94, projection MGA55), as shown in Figure 2. The
Baffle Creek crossing is approximately 40 km northeast of the town of Injune, between the towns of
Waterview and Fairview, and within the Maranoa Regional Council Local Government Area.
Baffle Creek forms part of the Upper Dawson Catchment within the Fitzroy Basin. The upper reaches
of Baffle Creek are classified as a stream order 4 (where the smallest tributaries are referred to as
stream order 1).
Baffle Creek is located in a cattle farming and agricultural region, however the creek itself is lined with
a buffer of vegetation ranging from a dry Eucalyptus woodland on exposed ridges to a semi-
evergreen vine thicket in the shadier escarpments. The creek itself contains a permanent flow or
pooling of water and high aquatic value with turtles and possible platypus habitat.
The creek occurs at the base of a sandstone gorge and has very steep banks with up to 70o angles,
which posed significant engineering constraints for the crossing of the Baffle Creek waterway. A
detailed description of the general environment and environmental values of Baffle Creek and its
surrounds is provided in Section 6.
A number of GTP waterway crossing methods proposed for Baffle Creek are detailed in Section 5.
Page 12
KP3
Lot 27 on 1
Lot 807 on NPW826
PH1979
KP30
Lot 807 on
PH1979
Lot 27 on
KP
NPW826
92
KP28
KP
72
Lot 807 on
Lot 1 on KP26 PH1979
WT37
Lot 4 on
5
WT267
2
Lot 27 on
KP
NPW826
Lot 3 on
WT35
2 4
KP
Lot 27 on
NPW826
KP
2 3
AFFLE CREEK Lot 27 on
KP2
Lot 1 on NPW826 F LE CREEK
Lot 11 on
WT37 BAF
2
WT196 K KP21
EE
Lot 10 on CR
Lot 8 on E Lot 27 on
WT218 WT189 FL NPW826
Lot 9 on B AF
Lot 4977WT196 Lot 2 on KP20
on SP194542 Lot 3 on
PH903 WT216
1 9
KP Lot 4 on
Lot 5 on
WT217
Lot 8 on WT217 Fairview Fly Camp Lot 6 on
WT218 " CP908635
Lot 27 on
NPW826
KP18
Lot 5 on
Location of WT217
KP17
Lot 1 on Baffle Creek
WT307
crossing 16 Lot 20 on
KP FTY1805
Lot 6 on
CP908635
Lot 74 on Lot 2 on 15
FTY1686 SP194542 Lot 3 on
KP
WT216
4
Lot 4 on
1
WT217
KP
Lot 5 on
WT217
KP13 Lot 20 on
FTY1805
Lot 74 on
FTY1686 Lot 6 on
CP908635
Lot 9 on KP12
WT800343
Lot 19 on Lot 21 on
WT322 WT32 KP11
KP10
" Camp
±
GLNG GAS TRANSMISSION PIPELINE WaterCourses
Figure 2 Alignment (A8)
KP9
ROW
Location of Baffle Creek crossing Property Boundaries
0 1 2 3 4 5
km KP8
7
Coordinate System 1:75,000

KP
Datum GDA 1994 Paper format A3

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5. CONSTRUCTION OPTIONS
5.1. GTP Route Options
The original GLNG ROW A8 alignment encountered very steep creek embankments that presented a
number of engineering constraints for crossing Baffle Creek by open cut. Further assessment of
Baffle Creek identified an alternative route alignment located approximately 350 m upstream (west) of
the GLNG ROW A8, which encountered less steep embankments.
Hence two alignments are under consideration to achieve the pipeline crossing of Baffle Creek:
 The original Right of Way (ROW A8), described as the Eastern Alignment in this report.
 The proposed Route Change Request (RR1002 Rev B), described as the Western Alignment
in this report.
Both crossings are located between KP 19 and KP 22 on Lot 4 on WT217 to the south of Baffle
Creek, and Lot 1 on WT37 to the north.
For both options, the existing access track AT018 (off Fairview Rd) will be used to access the
worksite via the ROW south of Baffle Creek, and access track AT021 (off Beilba Rd) will be used to
access the northern creek banks via the ROW.
5.2. Proposed Construction Methods
The crossing point for waterways is selected on the basis of the following criteria:
 Minimise the extent of clearing of riparian vegetation.
 Avoid permanent and semi-permanent waterholes.
 Avoid unstable or steep, incised banks.
Given the high environmental values of Baffle Creek and existing project approval conditions, it is
expected that regulators will require the crossing to be constructed using a trenchless method. This
assumption is based on the approval documents received from the Queensland Department of
Environment and Heritage Protection (DEHP) and the Commonwealth Department of Sustainability,
Environment, Water, Population and Communities (DSEWPC) for the GLNG GTP project to date.
Although these documents do not specifically apply to Hutton Creek crossing, they demonstrate
regulators’ approach and preference to the HDD technique for watercourse crossings with high
environmental values.
The contractual construction method proposed by Saipem for Baffle Creek Crossing was open cut on
the alternative Western Alignment (RR1002 REV B). However, due to environmental constraints, and
expected regulatory requirements, GLNG has requested Saipem to assess HDD as an alternative
trenchless execution technique.
The following sections describe and assess the potential construction methods for the waterway
crossing at Baffle Creek along the Eastern and Western Alignments. These comprise Open Cut
(trenching) and Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD).
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5.2.1 Open Cut (Trenching)

Open Cut Method
Trenching involves the excavation of a trench through the bed and banks of a waterway to allow for
the installation of the pipe. There are a number of open cut trenching techniques available for
waterway crossings. These are detailed in the Watercourse Crossing (Open Cut) Procedure (Doc. No:
3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6026).
The current project schedule indicates Baffle Creek crossing will be constructed during the dry
season, starting works in April, to avoid or minimise as far as possible environmental impacts on the
water quality and hydrology of the creek. However, the specific timing of the watercourse crossing will
depend on project schedule, availability of construction resources, water level and fauna breeding
seasons.
The Fitzroy Basin is characterised by large variations in river flows, which is highly dependent on
rainfall events. Most of the region’s rainfall occurs during the wet season (October to April), causing
most of the stream flows to occur in summer. Prolonged dry periods in the winter mean that many of
the waterways are ephemeral (Santos/Petronas, 2009). As such Baffle Creek is expected to
experience a lower flow or pooling within the winter months.
Due to the extremely steep escarpment, the open cut procedure along the ROW A8 is not feasible on
the Eastern Alignment. Personnel and machinery access to the creek was considered to be unsafe
and impractical. Batter cuts could not be contained within the 30 to 40 m ROW A8 footprint. Open cut
however, is feasible along the Western Alignment due to the escarpment being less steep and the
banks being more accessible making the open cut technique feasible along the RR1002 Rev B
alignment. Use of the Western Alignment results in a higher disturbance footprint when compared to
the Eastern Alignment, as the Western Alignment is approximately 250 m longer than the original
alignment (subject to detailed engineering design).
Figure 3 shows the Western Alignment proposed for the open cut construction method.
In brief, the open cut waterway crossing technique requires the excavation of a trench through the
bed and banks of the waterway. The pre-constructed pipe is lowered into the trench and secured on a
concrete bed encasement. Installation of concrete bedding also prevents the loss of flows from the
waterway into groundwater. Adequate rock shielding is applied as required prior to trench backfilling
with rock or other approved material on the creek bed.
Baffle Creek contains a rocky bed which will need to be cracked and/or broken using rock blasting
and mechanical rock breaking techniques. A number of blasts will be required to reach the necessary
depth, and broken rock material removed from the trench with an excavator or similar. Blasting will be
conducted in accordance with the Rock Blasting Procedure (Doc. No. 3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6008).
After the completion of works the bed and banks are re-contoured and re-graded back to their original
condition. This would require re-instatement and grouting of any bedrock excavated from the
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watercourse. Following the construction works, the banks and any other disturbed areas are
rehabilitated as necessary.
The open cut procedure requires appropriate site access and site preparation prior to the works. This
includes laydown and storage areas, vehicle parking areas and implementing erosion and sediment
control measures amongst others.
Ultimately, the specific approach adopted for the open cut technique used will depend on whether
Baffle Creek is flowing or not. If the creek is flowing a minor and dam and flume technique will be
used. For further details on these techniques refer to the Watercourse Crossing (Open Cut)
Procedure (Doc. No. 3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6026), and more specifically to Baffle Creek (Open Cut)
Procedure (Doc. No. 3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6074).
Open Cut Specific Requirements for Baffle Creek Crossing
Site preparation will require temporary work areas totalling approximately 45,950 m2, in addition to
clearing of the ROW. These temporary work areas will be located outside the bankfull width of the
watercourse. The length of the 30 m wide ROW for the watercourse crossing is 1,870 m, resulting in a
total area of approximately 56,000 m2. Figure 3 shows the layout and disturbance footprints
associated with the open cut method.
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BA
F
455
FL
EC
0
45
5
RE
44
450
EK
44
0 445
5
44
440
405 415
450
5
42
460
0
465
48
Pipe String area
415
Lot 4 on
Lot 1 on
WT217 Temporary work area
WT37
430
(4000 m2 max.)
435
455
475
470
435 440
445
425
400
450
430
405
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460
AT021
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5
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AT022
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Access Tracks Open Cut reroute [RR1002 RevB] *H.D.D. (L=1700m minimum, radius 1400m, creek bed cover 15.0m,
GLNG GAS TRANSMISSION PIPELINE Roads EA_ClearanceAreas_PPL166
Launch incl. 7 deg (Rig), 6 Deg (string area)
Baffle Creek *String area (L = 800m minimum, width 20m, nr.2 pipe strings)
Figure 3 - Proposed location for
Alignment (A8)
watercourse crossing: H.D.D. or Open Cut
±
ROW [RR1002 RevB] "
) *Rig area (temporary work area 1200-4000 sqm max.)
0 100 200 300 400 500 ROW A8 * Note: H.D.D. alignment option is conceptual only and is
m subject to further assessments
Property Boundaries

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The rehabilitated crossing will consist of a natural rock (minimum of 0.7 m3 in size) apron of
approximately 30 m long by a maximum width of 6 m. The 42” pipe invert level will sit at
approximately 3.4 m below creek bed level, with concrete backfilling and approximately 1 m of natural
rocks reinforced with concrete grouting. The FOC will run above the gas pipe encased within the
concrete backfilling. The engineering details (Baffle Creek Crossing KP 20.569 Doc. No. 3381-40-
3403; Sheets 1 to 3) for the open cut option are shown in Appendix A.
It is assumed that the open cut method will generally result in noise emissions and vibration levels
similar to normal construction activities associated with the GTP construction. However, blasting will
result in short-term and high noise and vibration levels. Open cut activities are generally conducted
during daylight hours. However, lighting of work areas at night may be required for safety and security
reasons.
The estimated timeframes associated with open cut trenching are as follows:
 Site preparation 1 month
 Waterway barrier works (if creek flowing) 1 month
 Open cut trenching works and pipeline installation 1 month
 Site restoration 2 months
 Total execution time 5 months
The estimated timeframes for watercourse crossing works within the bankfull width of the
watercourse, included in the above total timeframes, are as follows.
 Site preparation (i.e. temporary dams installation, etc.) 0.5 months
 Trenching 0.5 months
 Pipe laying 0.5 months
 Backfilling and final restoration 1 month
 Total execution time 2.5 months
5.2.2 Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD)
HDD Method
Horizontal directional drilling (HDD) is a trenchless method of installing underground services. HDD is
generally used when standard open cut methods are not practical.
HDD is suitable for a variety of soil conditions and types of activities, including river crossings.
However its feasibility is limited by site conditions. In general HDD is technically suitable for:
 Soil layers of fine-medium grain size, such as sand, silt and clay.
 Rocky soil (which requires longer drilling time).
However, HDD method is not viable in gravel layers and in heterogeneous soil conditions.
HDD is conducted by a specially designed drilling rig. The process starts by excavating an entrance
shaft at a shallow angle from which drilling commences, and excavating an exit point shaft.
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Diagram 1. Schematic of HDD Process
The phases of the HDD process is shown in Diagram 1, are as follows.
Pilot hole - the pilot hole will be drilled using a jet assembly or/and a mud motor, with a milled tooth
drill bit. The direction of the drilling can be controlled. A down-hole steering probe positioned behind
the drill bit, in a non-magnetic housing, monitors the position of the drill. The signal will be then
transmitted to the control unit. This informs the operator on the progress and position of the pilot hole.
An additional positioning system (a Para-Track system) could be used for better accuracy of the
drilling.
Reaming - upon completion of the pilot hole, the down-hole assembly will be disconnected and a
reaming tool will be connected to the wash pipe. The hole will be back-reamed by rotating the down-
hole assembly using the drilling rig. Drill pipes will be continuously added behind the reaming tool to
assist with borehole integrity. During reaming, the drilling fluid recovered at the pipe side will be
pumped back to the rig site via the drilling fluid return line to be cleaned and re-used. Depending in
the product pipe diameter several reaming operations may be necessary for progressively enlarge the
hole to the required borehole diameter. Installation of a 42” outer diameter (OD) pipeline requires a
borehole of 56” diameter, which is expected to require a total of six reamings (i.e., 18", 24", 34", 40",
48" and 56“).
Hole swabbing - hole swabbing to clean the borehole using a suitable sized barrel swab.
Stringing and welding - stringing and welding of the pipeline at the stringing area to connect the pipe
segments together.
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Hydrostatic testing and inspection - hydrostatic testing and inspection of the pipeline to ensure its
integrity prior to threading.
Pull back of the pipe - a swabbing will be carried out prior to the pullback (pipe threading) operation.
The pulling head will be welded to the extremity of the product pipe. A launching ramp will be made
using rollers so that the pipe string achieves the proper entry angle. The pulling head will be
connected to a swivel bearing (to prevent the pipeline from turning), a barrel reamer (to ensure that
the hole is clear) and the drill strings. The pipe string will be continuously pulled back from the rig side
by rotating the drill string into the borehole, fully lubricated with the drilling fluid. In the meantime,
water will be pumped inside the pipeline, for buoyancy control.
Drilling fluid - The drilling fluid is a mud with physical characteristics designed to preserve the
integrity of the drilled hole, cool and lubricate the drill bit, and remove cuttings. Drilling fluid comprises
a mix of water and bentonite, and may contain other additives. Bentonite is naturally occurring
swelling clay, which contains mineral montmorilonite as a major component. Drilling fluid contains
approximately 40-50 kg of bentonite mixed with 1,000 L of fresh water. During the pilot hole phase,
the drilling fluid returns at the rig side is pumped into the first drilling fluid pit. The recycling unit
separates the cuttings from the fluid, which is then transferred into the second pit. The cleaned drilling
fluid is available again to be pumped into the hole. During the back-reaming and pulling operations,
most of the fluid returns to the pipe side. The fluid is cleaned from the sand and pumped back to the
rig site using the drilling fluid return line. At the end of the job, the remaining fluid and dry cuttings is
removed offsite and appropriately disposed of.
Two boreholes will be required for the HDD crossing at Baffle Creek. The first (larger diameter) one is
to drill the borehole to install the pipeline, and the second (smaller diameter) is required to close the
drilling fluid system and return to fluid back to the entry point. Drilling fluid (mixture of water and
bentonite and/or polymer products) is injected under pressure with the drill to clean and cool down the
drill bit, transport drill cuttings to the surface, reduce friction between the drill and the borehole wall,
and stabilise the borehole.
Lengths of HDD exceeding 600 – 800 m (for a 42” OD pipeline installation) require a stringing area
about the same length as the borehole. If pipe string length is less than the HDD borehole length, pipe
installation must be stopped while the additional pipe strings are joined, delaying pipe installation and
increasing the risk of borehole blockage and collapse.
HDD for a 42“ OD pipeline installation is considered to present very high construction risks, including
block drilling, hydraulic fracturing (frac-outs) and borehole collapse, if the borehole is longer than:
 1,200 m in very favourable geotechnical soil conditions.
 600 – 800 m in favourable geotechnical soil conditions.
In the event of borehole collapse that cannot be reinstated, movement of the alignment would double
the HDD disturbance footprint.
The final stage is to thread the pipe through the newly constructed directional borehole from the exit
point shaft assisted with rollers. A pipe stringing area is required to connect the pipe segments to a
length equal to the length of the tunnel (this is preferable to prevent the threading of the pipe in
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stages). The pipe is hydrostatically tested and inspected to ensure its integrity prior to threading. The
pipe is attached to the reamer and pulled into the entire length of the borehole. The second borehole
of smaller diameter (used for the return of the drilling fluid) will be used to install the fibre optic cables
(FOC) and ancillary infrastructure.
HDD Equipment
HDD requires mobilisation of the following equipment to the site.
Surface equipment will include:

 Drilling rig - The drill rig consists of a centre beam rack with a carriage moving by pinions
powered by hydraulic motors. Hydraulic rotary motors located on the carriage provide the
necessary power to the drilling rig. A specially designed thrust box is incorporated to isolate
the rotary motors from the pull and thrust forces required to drill and install the pipeline. The
soundproofed power packs provide sufficient horsepower to the drilling rig.
 Control unit - The control unit is specially designed and manufactured to serve as the
operator's station for the drill rig system. Usually the control unit is housed within a container
from where the operator controls the drilling operation.
 Drilling fluid mixing unit - This unit is specially designed and manufactured to mix and
supply drilling fluid for the drill rig. The drilling fluid mixing unit consists of a tank with piping,
manifolds, electrical submersible pumps, agitating fans, and mixing hoppers complete with all
necessary piping. The skid mounted unit is designed and piped to mix and pump drilling fluid
simultaneously.
 Two high pressure pumping units - The drilling fluid pumping unit consists of two triplex
pumps, powered by a diesel engine. Each unit is container mounted, and comes complete with
an electrical panel, automatic shutdown system and torque converter.
 Pumps - The pumps are used for fluid transfers including drilling fluids. These can also be
used in case of a frac-out.
 Drilling fluid recycling unit - The drilling fluid recycling unit is specially designed and
manufactured to clean and reprocess the drilling fluids. The unit contains equipment that
removes sand and silt from the drilling fluid. The unit uses electric powered centrifugal pumps
to process the drilling fluid through the various stages.
 Crane for handling the drill pipes
 Container workshop and spare parts
 Rollers
Down-hole equipment will include:
 Guidance system - This consists of a magnetic guidance system probe, with remote units, a
driller’s console, a computer and a printer.
 Non-magnetic drill pipe - This consists of two stainless steel non-magnetic joints, and one
non-magnetic collar, these pipes will be used as housings for the guidance probe.
 Drill pipe - The drill pipes are necessary to achieve these crossings.
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 Drilling assembly - This consists of a jetting assembly and/or a mud motor, equipped with
milled tooth/rock drilling bit and one pressure sub.
 Reamers - Specific barrel reamers are necessary to enlarge the holes and pull the pipe
strings.
 Swivel - These are used for the connection between the pull head and the drilling string to
avoid the product pipe rotation during pulling.
HDD Specific Requirements for Baffle Creek Crossing
For Baffle Creek the HDD borehole is expected to be approximately 1,455 m long and will cross Baffle
Creek at a depth of 10 m below the creek bed. Detailed design of the HDD would require further
geotechnical assessment, including installation of at least one additional borehole and a geophysical
(seismic) survey.
Site preparation will require a temporary work area of 1,200-4,000 m2 (approximately 70 m x 60 m

max.), and a 16,000 m2 (800 m long x 20 m wide) stringing area is required to prepare the pipe prior
to threading. Figure 3 shows the layout and disturbance footprints associated with the HDD option.
A large volume of suitable quality water will be required to make the drilling fluid. Drilling fluid is
composed of water, bentonite and thickening additives, which is prepared at the drilling site using
mixing tanks and bentonite pumps. Bentonite and additives are sourced in powder form and are
transported to the site in bulk.
Based on a typical water requirements (water volume per linear meter of HDD of 4 m3/m in gravel and
sand and 2.5 m3/m in compact soil and hard rock), preliminary estimates indicate approximately
3,638 m3 to 5,820 m3 of drilling fluid will be required. Typically approximately 30% of drilling fluid is
recovered in gravel and sand, and 70% in compact soil and hard rock. Hence a large volume of
drilling fluid and drill cuttings will require disposal at the conclusion of drilling.
Noise associated with HDD is generally comparable to normal construction activities and similar to
standard pipe laying activities. Some noise and vibration may occur during boring activity. HDD
construction is expected to be restricted to daylight hours. However, HDD may be conducted 24 hours
per day to meet the construction schedule.
Lighting of work areas at night may be required for safety and security reasons.
According to the North American Society for Trenchless Technology (2012), key risk events
associated with HDD works include:
 Frac-out - drilling fluid has escaped the confines of the borehole, has (generally) come to the
surface, and has contaminated soil and/or water bodies.
 Loss of circulation - drilling fluid has stopped flowing to either the entry or exit point but is
being lost into the ground with no inadvertent flow to surface.
 Collapsing soil/lost hole - a section of the borehole has collapsed resulting in a loss of a
section of the borehole.
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 High annular pressure - the drill bit is tripped back or completely out of the borehole in an
attempt to clean the borehole and lower the annular pressure.
 Tripping to clean/gauge hole - the drill bit or reamer was tripped out of the borehole to
mechanically clean the cuttings from the borehole and/or gauge the borehole.
 Stuck in hole - the drill pipe is stuck in the borehole.
 Flow to exit – the drilling fluid is flowing to exit and remedial action is taken.
 Drilling fluid/solids control work - production or event remediation cannot proceed until the
drilling fluid in built or modified, or until solids (cuttings) have been cleaned out of the holding
area.
 Hung up on casing - the bottom hole assembly or the product line will not enter the casing
when casing has been installed.
 Damaged product line - the product line or product line coating has been damaged to the
point that redial action must be taken.
 Product line stuck in hole - the product line has become stuck in the hole and cannot be
pulled any further towards the entry point.
The HDD method is sensitive to schedule delays including:

 Availability of machinery, personnel and equipment.
 Malfunctions, breakdowns, repairs and maintenance of machinery and equipment.
 Availability of suitable water and bentonite for preparation of drilling fluid.
 Weather related delays.
Although the HDD may be possible, there is a very high risk of failure due to:
 Blockage due to the length of the borehole (1,455 m), and the large diameter of the borehole
(minimum 56” diameter required to host the 42” pipe).
 High risk of blow-out of bentonite due to the presence of weathered and fractured sandstone.
 High risk of bentonite leakage into the surface of the creek bed due to the relatively shallow
depth of the borehole beneath the creek bed (approximately 10 m). To achieve a greater
 Increased risk of blockage associated with the need to connect two pipe strings.
 Requirement for a second HDD for the FOC.
 Risk of damage to the pipe coating due to presence of rock.
The estimated timeframes associated with HDD for the Baffle Creek crossing are as follows:
 Site preparation and facilities installation 2 months

 Installation of working site and pipeline stringing area 2 months
 Drilling works and pipeline installation 1 month
 Site restoration 1 month
 Total execution time 6 months
This estimated timing is for construction only, and excludes preparation, detailed design and
mobilisation.
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5.2.3 Summary of Construction Options for Each Alignment
The engineering feasibility of each construction method was assessed based on available
geotechnical and logistical information, as summarised in Table 5 for each alignment.
Table 5. Summary of Construction Options and Feasibility

Western Alignment (RR1002 Rev B) Eastern Alignment (GLNG ROW A8)
sandstone.
conditions.
risk of damage).
 Potential for delays due to HDD failure and
damage to pipe.
2 2
 
2 2
2
30 m wide).Work areas of 45,950 m  Work areas including drill pad and shafts
2
aquatic values).
the watercourse.
From the total disturbance area, the direct
limited to:

2
3,360 m (112 m long x 30 m wide).
timing
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Western Alignment (RR1002 Rev B) Eastern Alignment (GLNG ROW A8)

Regardless of the technique adopted, the Baffle Creek crossing works will be undertaken in
accordance with project specifications and standards, associated permits and approvals, the
Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) and relevant management plans.
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6. ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES
Based on the environmental impact assessment process for the GLNG GTP to date, the key
environmental aspects and impact themes for the Baffle Creek crossing are:
• Water quality, hydrology and aquatic ecology: Reduced water quality due to sedimentation or
contamination of runoff or discharge, and alteration and/or partial obstruction of existing surface
water flows.
• Terrestrial ecology: Reduced species diversity and abundance (including species of conservation
significance) through vegetation clearance, introduction and/or increased abundance of weeds and
pest species, reduced conditions favourable to native plants and animals through soil disturbance
or contamination, or accidental animal deaths.
• Geology, soils and landform: Land degradation as a result of rock blasting, or degradation of
soils through contamination and disturbance of soil horizons, reducing the quality and/or quantity
of soil.
• Noise and vibration: Disturbance of sensitive species through noise and vibration associated with
rock blasting, drilling, excavation and other construction activities. Exceedance of noise guidelines
at sensitive receptors was considered unlikely given the distance to the nearest known residence.
However, noise impacts on sensitive local fauna were possible.
• Cultural heritage: Disturbance of sites of Aboriginal cultural heritage significance, both known and
currently unidentified.
These key aspects and associated environmental values associated with the Eastern and Western
Alignments are described in the following sections. Other environmental aspects of the project were
addressed in the GLNG Project Environmental Impact Statement (Santos/Petronas, 2009) and are
not considered key issues for the Baffle Creek crossing. These aspects include groundwater, air
quality, greenhouse gas emissions, land use and infrastructure, visual amenity, traffic and transport,
and socio-economics. The EIS also addressed rehabilitation and decommissioning, hazard and risk,
and cumulative impacts.
6.1. Water Quality, Hydrology and Aquatic Ecology
An assessment of aquatic values and aquatic habitat condition at major watercourse (stream order 3
and greater) crossings along the GTP ROW A8 (Eastern Alignment) was conducted by FRC
Environmental in 2012 (FRC Environmental, 2012). The assessment was conducted from KP 0 to
KP70, at the end of the wet season. A total of nine major watercourse crossings were assessed:
 Hutton Creek.
 Christmas Creek.
 Baffle Creek.
 Edwards Creek.
 Unnamed Watercourse 1.
 Dawson River (Upstream).
 Bull Frog Creek.
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 Unnamed Watercourse 2.
 Ironbark Creek.
Each watercourse was assessed for:

 Aquatic habitat condition.
 Water quality.
 Aquatic flora.
 Aquatic macroinvertebrates.
 Freshwater fish.
 Turtles.
This assessment focussed on the Eastern Alignment (GLNG ROW A8). A further aquatic values
assessment focussing on the Western Alignment (RR1002 Rev B) was conducted by FRC
Environmental. However, their report was not available at the time of preparation of this report. Given
the proximity of the GLNG ROW A8 and RR1002 Rev B (approximately 350 m), it has been assumed
for the purposes of this report that the identified aquatic values are similar for both alignments.
Further information regarding the assessment methods is provided in the assessment report (FRC
Environmental, 2012).
Based on the assessment conducted for the Eastern Alignment, Baffle Creek is confined within a
gorge with steep sandy banks about 3 m height, bordered by sandstone cliffs. Land surrounding the
creek consisted of relatively undisturbed native vegetation (mainly dominated by Acacia and
Eucalyptus species) showing signs of slight to moderate erosion.
Water Quality
At the time of the assessment Baffle Creek had a moderate water flow. The assessment recorded
that the creek sustained good quality aquatic habitat, including rock pools, sandy banks and intact
riparian vegetation amongst others (FRC Environmental, 2012). Water quality was relatively good and
generally within the Fitzroy Basin Water Quality Objectives range (DEHP, 2011a), although electrical
conductivity and dissolved oxygen concentrations were below the nominated Water Quality
Objectives.
Aquatic Flora
Indicators of aquatic biodiversity for Baffle Creek were relatively low. The taxonomic richness and
percentage cover of aquatic flora were low when compared to other waterways along the ROW
assessed by FRC Environmental. No aquatic plant species listed under the Commonwealth EPBC
Act or the Queensland Nature Conservation Act 1992 were observed during the assessment.
Aquatic Fauna
The mean PET (Plecoptera (stoneflies), Ephemeroptera (mayflies), and Trichoptera (caddis flies)
families) richness was lowest in Baffle Creek in creek bed habitat compared with other waterways
assessed. The total PET richness was within the Fitzroy Basin Water Quality Objectives range.
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The only macroinvertebrates collected during the Baffle Creek survey were freshwater prawns
(Palaemonidae) and yabbies (Parastacidae). No other macroinvertebrates were observed. No
macroinvertebrate species listed under the Commonwealth EPBC Act or the Queensland Nature
Conservation Act 1992 were observed during the assessment.
The mean and total abundance of macroinvertebrates at the bed and edge (bank) of Baffle Creek
was low compared to other assessed waterways. The mean and total taxonomic richness was the
lowest at Baffle Creek when compared to other waterways assessed. Within the Baffle Creek, the
total taxonomic richness was observed to be higher along the edge than the creek bed, and both
were below the Fitzroy Basin WQO range.
General fish abundance at Baffle Creek was low when compared to other assessed waterways. A
number of eastern Melanotaenia splendida (rainbow fish) and Nematalosa erebi (bony bream) were
caught, with the majority of the specimens being juveniles. No exotic fish species were caught. No
fish species listed under the Commonwealth EPBC Act or the Queensland Nature Conservation Act
1992 were caught during the survey.
Turtle trapping was not conducted at Baffle Creek due to safety concerns associated with the steep
creek access. However, turtle traps were set at the Hutton Creek and Dawson River pipeline
crossings, where conditions were considered to provide suitable turtle habitat. Turtles were only
caught at the Hutton Creek site, and none of the turtle species caught were listed under the
Commonwealth EPCB Act or the Queensland Nature Conservation Act 1992.
Aquatic Fauna of Conservation Significance

Although no turtles were recorded at Baffle Creek, the creek was considered to provide suitable
habitats for turtles. While the creek was identified as not being a preferred habitat for the Fitzroy River
turtle (Rheodytes leukops) by FRC Environmental, the creek contained pools, riffles and sandy
banks, which could provide suitable habitat and nesting areas for these turtle species. This species is
listed as Vulnerable under both the Commonwealth EPBC Act and the Queensland Nature
Conservation Act 1992.
The White-throated Snapping turtle (Elseya albagula), while not collected during the assessment, is
one of the six species of turtles recorded in the Dawson River sub-catchment. The White-throated
Snapping turtle is not listed as a threatened species, but it is ranked as a high priority species under
the Queensland DEHP Back on Track species prioritisation framework (DEHP, 2010). It is possible
that White-throated Snapping turtle occurs in Baffle Creek.
For the purpose of this report, the presence of the Fitzroy River and White-throated Snapping turtles
within Baffle Creek cannot be excluded due to the presence of habitats likely to support them.
Therefore, these species are assumed to have potential to be present.
The breeding season of the Fitzroy River turtle is September to October (DEHP, 2011b), and that of
the White-throated Snapping turtle is in late autumn and early winter (approximately April to July)
(Eiby and Booth, 2011).
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Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) was not observed during any of the aquatic assessments.
However platypus burrows were observed in the vicinity of the Hutton Creek crossing location,
located approximately 16.5 km to the south of Baffle Creek. Due to the general habitat including
sandy banks present along Baffle Creek, it is possible that platypus may inhabit that creek. The
mating season of the platypus is in August (DEHP, 2011b).
6.2. Terrestrial Ecology
The proposed alignments of the Baffle Creek crossing were assessed by Saipem’s ecologists David
Francis and David Gatfield in June 2012 (Saipem, 2012a). Ausecology subsequently conducted a
detailed assessment of the eastern alignment of the Baffle Creek crossing during June and July 2012,
as part of an assessment of KP 0 to KP37 of the pipeline ROW (Ausecology 2012).
The aim of the assessments was to identify the ecological values of the area, with specific focus on
significant species and vegetation. Each assessment comprised a desktop study of existing
information, including relevant databases, and a field survey to:
 Check the existing Regional Ecosystem (RE) mapping.
 Verify previous records of flora species of conservation significance
 Assess the distribution of declared weeds.
 Improve understanding of ecological diversity of the pipeline right of way.
 Document opportunistic sightings of fauna species and habitat.
Detailed information regarding assessment methods is provided in the study reports (Saipem, 2012a
and Ausecology, 2012). Assessment of the ROW near Baffle Creek was restricted by limited access,
timing restrictions (Saipem, 2012a) and safety concerns associated with sheer rocky cliffs on both
banks where the creek intersects the ROW (Ausecology, 2012).
Results of the terrestrial ecology field assessment are summarised in Figures 4 to 8.
Page 29
A
!
Figure 8
A
! KP21
Figure 7
Figure 6
Figure 5 A! KP20
© State of Queensland (Department of Environment and Resource Management) 2012.

Updated data available at http://dds.information.qld.gov.au/dds/.
Proposed Rerouting
±
GLNG GAS TRANSMISSION PIPELINE Alignment (A8)
ROW
Figure 4
Property Boundaries
Route Change Request - Baffle Creek Access Tracks
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Metres A
!
1:10,000
Datum: GDA 1994 Paper format A3
O:\Common\ENGINEERING\Working GIS GROUP\GIS_DATA\20-PRODUCTS&FINALDOCUMENTS\PDFs_JPEGs\ENVIRONMENT\ECOLOGY\BaffleCreek_Fig04_RCR.mxd Data Sources: DERM Regional Ecosystems 2012, DERM Environmentally Sensitive Areas 2011, DERM Watercourses 2010, All other data Saipem 2012
Vegetation Community 4
HVR Least Concern RE
High Value Regrowth
non-rem
D KP20

Ecological Survey EVNT Flora Species Ecological Survey Proposed Rerouting Vegetation Communities
±
GLNG GAS TRANSMISSION PIPELINE Type A Species Acacia sp. Boyd Creek Weed Species Alignment (A8) Biodiversity Status
Brachychiton australis Apatophyllym teretifolium ROW Of Concern
Figure 5 Opuntia stricta*
Brachychiton populneus Wahlenbergia islensis Opuntia tomentosa* Property Boundaries No Concern at present
Route Change Request - Baffle Creek Brachychiton rupestris EVNT Fauna Species Access Tracks non-remnant
0 50 100 150 Macrozamia moorei Chalinolobus dwyeri High Value Regrowth
Metres Platycerium veitchii Chalinolobus picatus N.B. a white outline depicts a contains Least Concern regional ecosystem
Sarcochilus ceciliae Strophurus taenicauda survey point captured by GLNG
1:2,000
Xanthorrhoea johnsonii
RE 11.10.3
RE 11.10.3
RE 11.3.25
BAFFLE CREEK
field verified
watercourse
RE 11.10.3
HVR Least Concern RE
±
Brachychiton australis Apatophyllym teretifolium Opuntia stricta* ROW Of Concern
Figure 6 Vegetation Community 4 Property Boundaries
Brachychiton populneus Wahlenbergia islensis Opuntia tomentosa* No Concern at present
Route Change Request - Baffle Creek
High Value Regrowth
Brachychiton rupestris EVNT Fauna Species Access Tracks non-remnant
Platycerium veitchii Chalinolobus picatus N.B. a white outline depicts a contains Least Concern regional ecosystem
Metres
1:2,000
non-remnant shrubby regrowth
D KP21
RE 11.10.3
±
Figure 7 Property Boundaries
Route Change Request - Baffle
Vegetation Creek
Community 2
Brachychiton rupestris EVNT Fauna Species Access Tracks non-remnant
RE 11.10.3
Metres
1:2,000
RE 11.10.1
±
Figure 8 Property Boundaries
Route Change Request - Baffle Creek Brachychiton rupestris EVNT Fauna Species Access Tracks non-remnant
Metres
1:2,000
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Regional Ecosystems (RE)
Although each alignment was assessed separately, given their proximity the two proposed crossing
locations shared many ecological features.
Results showed the section from KP 0 to Baffle Creek (KP 20.45) was characterised by remnant
vegetation or areas of regrowth, mainly dominated by Acacia and Eucalyptus species. Vegetation
bordering Baffle Creek was mapped as Regional Ecosystem (RE) 11.10.3/11.3.25. Ausecology
(2012) identified vegetation further from Baffle Creek as RE 11.10.7(a), although previous records
mapped it incorrectly as RE 11.10.39. Details of these REs are provided in Table 6.
Table 6. Regional Ecosystems at Baffle Creek crossing

Regional Vegetation Biodiversity status
ecosystem Description Management Act
class (Nov 2009)
11.10.3 Acacia catenulata or A. shirleyi open forest on Least Concern No concern at
coarse-grained sedimentary rocks. Crests and scarps present
11.3.25 Eucalyptus tereticornis or E. camaldulensis woodland Least concern Of concern
fringing drainage lines
11.10.7 Eucalyptus crebra woodland on coarse-grained Least Concern No concern at
sedimentary rocks present
Source: Saipem (2012)
After crossing Baffle Creek, from KP 20.63 to KP 21.57 the GTP ROW traverses regrowth dominated
by Acacia macradenia (zigzag wattle) and Acacia leiocalyx (black wattle), before the ROW descends
through remnant vegetation RE 11.10.3 to an unnamed creek. From KP 22.14 to KP 24.66 the
vegetation opens up to mainly non-remnant vegetation with intermittent Least Concern High Value
Regrowth with some large Brachychiton populneus (kurrajong) specimens in a few locations, with
many juveniles growing in close proximity to the adult trees.
Terrestrial Plants of Conservation Significance

In the ROW section KP 0 to Baffle Creek (KP 20.45), Melaleuca irbyana was the only plant species
found that is listed as Endangered, Vulnerable or Near Threatened (EVNT) under Queensland
legislation or the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.
(EPBC Act). Gonocarpus urceolatus was abundant in this section, but this species was recently
delisted to Least Concern. It is likely that Wahlenbergia islensis (cliff bluebell) is present in the eastern
Baffle Creek crossing alignment, but due to the steep terrain, the full cliff face could not be surveyed.
In addition, Bertya opponens, which has been recorded in the western alignment and off the GTP
ROW at the eastern alignment, could be present on the small terraces of the cliff face.
Previous studies (Saipem, 2012a) indicated Leucopogon grandiflorus (whorl-leaved heath, listed as
‘Near Threatened’ under the Queensland Nature Conservation Act 1992) is present amongst rocky
areas at the Baffle Creek crossing. However, its presence within the ROW was not able to be
confirmed by Ausecology (2012).
Details of these plants are provided in Table 7.
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Table 7. Plant species of conservation concern at Baffle Creek crossing
Species Common name Conservation status Presence
Melaleuca Swamp tea-tree Confirmed KP 0 to KP
irbyana Critically endangered ecological community under 20.456
Commonwealth EPBC Act
Endangered regional ecosystems under Queensland
Vegetation Management Act 1999.
Wahlenbergia Cliff bluebell Near threatened under Queensland Nature Likely to be present in
islensis Conservation Act 1992. eastern Baffle Creek
crossing
Bertya - Vulnerable under Commonwealth EPBC Act. Likely be present on the
opponens small terraces of the cliff
face
- Two specimens just
Macrozamia Vulnerable under Commonwealth EPBC Act. outside the ROW at
fearnsidei ~KP 25.12
Vulnerable under Queensland Nature Conservation
Act 1992.
Type A listed species are popular horticultural species that may not be rare or threatened, but are at
risk from harvesting. Two Type A species were observed in the KP 0 to KP 20.456 section of the
ROW. Only Brachychiton populneus (kurrajong) was formally recorded. A Brachychiton australis
(broad-leaved bottle tree) plant was seen growing on the southern bank of Baffle Creek in the eastern
alignment, but could not be formally recorded due to the steepness of the terrain.
No Sarchochilus ceciliae (an orchid) plants were identified within the ROW as previously reported
(Ecologica, 2012). This species was previously identified between the two current Baffle Creek
alignments, but not within the ROWs. However, due to the steep terrain at Baffle Creek it is possible
this species grows in the ROW on rocky outcrops.
For KP 20.45 to KP 29.83 four Type A listed species were identified, comprising Brachychiton
australis (broad-leaved bottle tree), Brachychiton populnea (kurrjong), Brachychiton rupestris
(Queensland bottle tree) and Xanthorrhoea johnsonii (grass tree).
Weeds
Declared weeds present in section KP 3.5 to KP 20.45 were Opuntia tomentosa (velvet tree pear) and
Opuntia stricta (prickly pear). Declared weeds present in section KP 20.45 to KP 29.83 included all
three Opuntia species, with Opuntia tomentosa most abundant.
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Terrestrial Fauna of Conservation Significance
A Herbert’s rock wallaby (Petrogale herberti) was recorded by Ausecology (2012) on the southern
bank of Baffle Creek. The section at Baffle Creek was determined as high value fauna habitat based
on the presence of water, rocky outcrops and cliff faces as well as the presence of numerous dead
trees.
Section KP 20.45 to KP 29.83 was heavily vegetated with various potential habitat trees, including
dead trees (Eucalyptus crebra with loose bark), fallen logs and hollow bearing trees mainly in the
Eucalyptus populnea woodland. The rock face at Baffle Creek and the escarpment may provide
habitat for Herbert rock wallabies (Petrogale herberti).
Glossy black cockatoos (Calyptorhynchus lathami) were heard and seen flying over the ROW at
Baffle Creek. In general, the remnant areas within this section were regarded as having high fauna
habitat value, in particular the Baffle Creek section.
No other fauna species of specific conservation significance were identified by Ausecology in the
Baffle Creek area during the 2012 survey. However, previous fauna surveys (Ecologica, 2012)
identified a range of mobile species along the KP 0 to KP 37 section of the ROW as documented in
Table 8.
Table 8. Animal species of conservation concern at Baffle Creek crossing (KP 0 to KP 37)
Scientific Name KP Ecologica KP
Common Name Ausecology location record location In/close
record (Ecologica to GTP
2012) ROW
Calyptorhynchus lathami glossy black  20.42   

cockatoo
Chalinolobus dwyeri large-eared pied bat  20.27 

34.51 
Chalinolobus picatus little pied bat  20.65 
Furina dunmalli Dunmall’s snake  34.71 
Geophaps scripta squatter pigeon  2.6 

34.84 
Ornithorhynchus platypus  2.09 

anatinus
Paradelma orientalis brigalow scaly foot   34.33 
Phascolarctos cinereus koala   (Santos 15.65 
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data)
Strophurus taenicauda golden-tailed gecko  34.51  20.77 

34.27 
34.71 
Table 9 shows the ecosystems and species of conservation concern found in the RR1002 REV B and
GLNG ROW A8 corridors.
Table 9. Ecosystems and species of conservation concern for each alignment
Ecological aspect Presence within ROW
Eastern alignment Western alignment
(original GLNG A8 ROW) (RR1002 REV B)
Regional Ecosystems, RE 11.10.3, 11.10.1, 11.3.25, HVR
vegetation communities RE 11.10.3, 11.10.1, 11.3.25, non-remnant containing 11.10.3, non-remnant shrubby
shrubby regrowth and non-remnant regrowth and non-remnant grassland
grassland.
Of concern vegetation, Baffle Creek and
Environmentally sensitive Of concern vegetation (RE 11.3.25), Baffle tributaries. Confluence occurs within 1m
areas, waterways, Creek crossing. of ROW.
essential habitat
Species listed under Wahlenbergia islensis (cliff bluebell) – 2 Wahlenbergia islensis (cliff bluebell) - 3
Queensland Nature records. records.
Conservation Act 1992 Leucopogon grandiflorus (whorl-leaved
(multiple specimens may heath) – 3 records.
be present at each record)
Species listed under Bertya opponens (broad-leaved bertya) – 1 Queensland Herbarium confirmed Bertya
Commonwealth EPBC Act location. oleifolia not Bertya opponens.
(multiple specimens may Chalinolobus dwyeri (large-eared pied bat) –
be present at each record) 20 m east of alignment.
Platycerium veitchii (staghorn fern) – 3 Xanthorrhoea johnsonii (grass tree) – 5
Type A species (multiple records. records.
specimens may be present Xanthorrhoea johnsonii (grass tree) – 11 Brachychiton populneus (kurrajong) – 1
at each record) records. plant.
Brachychiton populneus (kurrajong) – 1
plant.
Opuntia tomentosa (Class 2). Opuntia tomentosa (Class 2).
Listed weeds present
6.3. Geology, Soils and Landform
A geotechnical and geological assessment of the section of Baffle Creek subject to the RR1002 REV
B alignment, was conducted by Saipem (Saipem, 2012b). The report was based on the results of a
geotechnical assessment previously conducted by Coffey Geotechnics (Coffey Geotechnics, 2009).
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An assessment of the geology and soils of Baffle Creek and their impact on the two proposed
methods is provided in the Baffle Creek Crossing Open Cut and Horizontal Directional Drilling Options
Technical and Geotechnical Assessment report (3381-SAIP-4-3.2-3287).
The general topography of area was characterised by flat sandstone plateaus with elevations of
approximately 400 to 500 m Australian Height Datum (AHD), intersected by gullies and larger valleys
created by water bodies such as the Dawson River and Baffle Creek.
The Baffle Creek crossing is characterised by early Jurassic fluviatile-lacustrine deposits of precipice
sandstone formations, consisting of basal quartzose sandstones (fine to medium grained), with minor
inclusion of labile and sublabile siltstones. This profile was covered by a layer of alluvium associated
with the Baffle Creek.
The creek occurs at the base of a sandstone gorge and had very steep banks. The Eastern Alignment
displayed steeper embankments than the Western Alignment.
Geological Site Observations

The river bed at Baffle Creek showed a clear section for a complete surface rock relief consisting of
moderately weathered and fractured brown and grey fine to medium grained sandstone with
inclusions of grained gravel crystal quartzes. There were the localised presence of light grey to
orange-brown sandstones, and layers of granular conglomerate (low cemented, formed by prevalently
crystalline material). There were also 20-50 mm thick interlaminated layers of dark brown labile (easily
decomposable) siltstones found at irregular intervals.
Soil Characterisation
Three test pits (MLTP0010A, MLTP011A and MLTP012A) were excavated in the general area to the
north and south of the Baffle Creek. The location of the test pits is shown in Figure 9. Test pit depths
ranged from 1.1 m to 4.0 m.
Sampling in the test pits consisted of bulk samples, typically taken at 0.25m below ground level and
subsequently at 1.0 m depth intervals, or more frequently if a change in lithology was observed.
Tactile assessment was used to characterise the nature of the soil and rock substances. In situ tests
included hand vane shear and pocket penetrometer tests to help assess the consistency of cohesive
soils.
The test pits encountered topsoil overlaying residual soil and/or extremely weathered materials that
typically graded into highly weathered sandstone and siltstone. A summary of the test pit soil profiles
encountered in the test pits is provided in Table 10.
Page 39
AT021
KP2
2
MLTP12A
D
E 687797.665277 E
7168695.23775 N
Lot 1 on
WT37
47 47
5 0
Lot 27 on
465
KP21 NPW826
460
410 420
435
440 4
455 44045
425
405
400
450
5
39
41
445 BCBH02A
42
415 D
E 688966.085408 E
0
435 430 5
5 41
445
440
430
405
BA
420 FF 7167771.28117 N
425 440 LE
CR
450
450
EE
455 K
BCBH01
D
E 687704.623238 E
7167455.07244 N
43
445
455
44 0
5
KP20
45
5
Sandstone:
Thick-bedded,
470
Lot 3 on cross-bedded, pebbly
WT216 quartzose sandstone, minor
lithic sublabile sandstone,
MLTP11A
0
43
siltstone, mudstone
D
E 687667.295553 E
7166845.55154 N Lot 4 on
Sandstone: WT217
Labile and
440 435
sublabile, sandstone
, carbonaceous mudstone,
19 43
KP
siltstone and minor coal; 440 5
5
46
local oolitic ironstone

0
46
450
5
45
0
45
455
5
44
ew Road
Fairvi AT018 MLTP10A
460 D
E 688553.640344 E
7166146.74494 N Lot 5 on
WT217
ATS01
Lot 4 on
450
Lot 3 on WT217
8
AT01
WT216
465
5
45
KP18
Access Tracks Geology Australia
±
GLNG GAS TRANSMISSION PIPELINE Roads Evergreen Formation unit (Bundambe Group)
Baffle Creek Precipice Sandstone unit
Figure 9
Location of boreholes and test pits
Alignment (A8) D
E Geotechnical Sites
ROW
Property Boundaries
0 200 400 600 800 1,000
m

O:\Common\ENGINEERING\Working GIS GROUP\GIS_DATA\20-PRODUCTS&FINALDOCUMENTS\PDFs_JPEGs\ENVIRONMENT\ECOLOGY\BaffleCreek_Fig09_LocationBoreholes&TestPits.mxd 04/10/2012 ~DD
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Table 10. Soil profile in the Baffle Creek area

Test pit Test pit Material depth
depth Topsoil Alluvium Residual soil Highly Moderately
and/or weathered weathered
extremely sandstone, sandstone or
weathered siltstone or siltstone
material claystone
MLTP010A 4.0 m - 0 – 0.6 m - 0.6 – 4.0 m -
MLTP011A 1.9 m - 0 – 0.1 m - 0.1 – 1.6 m 1.6 – 1.9 m
MLTP012A 1.1 m - 0 – 0.7 m - 0.1 – 1.7 m 0.7 – 1.1 m
Source: Coffey Geotechnics (2009)
Ausecology (2012) noted dispersive soils present in various locations along the GTP ROW in the KP
0 to KP 37 section, including at Baffle Creek. Combined with the steep terrain, this suggested high
potential for soil erosion. They also noted some moderate gully erosion at KP 23.60.
Geotechnical Characterisation
Two boreholes (BCBH01 and BCBH02A) from the previous geotechnical study (Coffey Geotechnics,
2009) formed the basis of this assessment based on their proximity to the Baffle Creek crossing. The
location of these two boreholes in relation to Baffle Creek is shown in Figure 9. Although the bores
were located to assess the Eastern Alignment, results were considered relevant to the Western
Alignment due to the similar geological features observed.
Boreholes BCBH01 and BCBH02A were located within the same geological formation that
characterises the Baffle Creek crossing. Borehole BCBH01 terminated at 60.55 m depth (402.1 m
AHD) and Borehole BCBH02A at 59.8 m (393.7 m AHD).
Results showed the area had relatively thin layers of topsoil, with BCBH02A having a thin sub topsoil
layer of residual soil. This was underlain by weathered sandstone, to the termination of the boreholes.
The sandstone included occasional thin beds of interlaminated sandstone and siltstone. A summary
of the geology encountered in the borehole is provided in Table 11.
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Table 11. Geological profile in the Baffle Creek area
Borehole Material depth
Topsoil Residual soil Moderately to slightly
weathered sandstone
BCBH01 0 – 0.3 m 0.3 – 1.7 m 0 – 60.55 m
BCBH02A 0 – 0.6 m - 0.6 – 59.8 m
Source: Coffey Geotechnics (2009)
Laboratory tests performed on samples taken from boreholes and test pits in the area of Baffle Creek
crossing (Coffey Geotechnics, 2009) showed the following geotechnical characteristics:
 Wet density from 2.0 to 2.6 t/m3.

 Dry density from 1.9 to 2.5 t/m3.
 Rock test universal soil classification from 19 to 35 MPa.
 Rock test Young’s modulus of elasticity from 10 to 21 GPa.
Geological site reconnaissance results

The river bed of the Baffle Creek showed the presence of moderately weathered and fractured brown
and grey sandstone, medium and fine grained with inclusion of grained gravel crystal of quartz
(Saipem, 2012b). There was local presence of fine grained from light grey to orange-brown
sandstone, thinly sub horizontal laminated. At irregular intervals, there were centimetric layers of
granular conglomerate low cemented, formed by prevalently crystalline material.
Occasionally it was possible to observe the presence of interlaminated layers of 20-50 mm thick of
dark brown, labile (easily decomposable) siltstones. There were also weathered conglomerate layers
and thin siltstone layers. The fractures within the rock are vertical with little relative sliding.
Geotechnical Conclusions
Based on the site observations and geotechnical assessment it was concluded that the site is
unsuitable for HDD due to the presence of fractured rock, indicating a high risk of drilling failure and
hydraulic fracturing. Results also showed that use of the open trench method would require rock
blasting.
Detailed design of the HDD would require further geotechnical assessment, including installation of at
least one additional borehole and a geophysical (seismic) survey. However, the existing geotechnical
information was considered sufficient for the purpose of assessing the technical feasibility of the HDD
watercourse crossing method.
6.4. Noise, Vibration and Amenity
Existing noise conditions were assessed as part of the GLNG Project EIS (Santos/Petronas, 2009).
This section summarises available noise and vibration baseline data for the general area from KP 19
to KP 22.
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The GTP route generally traversed rural farming land and forested areas and was generally located a
significant distance from populated centres and rural residences. This applied to the typical land uses
surrounding the Baffle Creek crossing.
During the assessment, individual noise sensitive receptors were not identified due to the vast spatial
coverage of the GTP corridor. However, based on review of aerial photography, no noise sensitive
receptors have been identified within a 2 km radius of the Baffle Creek crossing, with the nearest
identified sensitive receptor, a rural residence, located approximately 7 km west from the crossing.
During the EIS (Santos/Petronas, 2009) ambient noise monitoring was conducted at seven monitoring
locations. The nearest location to the Baffle Creek crossing was Gas & Pipeline 3 monitoring location,
located approximately 7 km west of the crossing. The noise logger was positioned on a fence post
adjacent to Fairview Road (400 m west from the road intersection with Beilba Road) and
approximately 15 m from a rural residence.
The adjusted background and the maximum LAeq (1 hour) noise monitoring results Gas & Pipeline 3
monitoring location are shown in Table 12.
Table 12. Noise monitoring results at Gas & Pipeline 3 monitoring location
Type of Background Noise Rating Background Level (dBA)
Monitoring
Day Evening Night
(7am to 6pm) (6pm to 10pm) (10pm to 7am)
Adjusted ambient monitoring results 24 18 18
Maximum LAeq(1hour) noise levels 54 37 41
The in situ noise results generally included intermittent noise sources associated with rural traffic and
fauna (insects or birds). This monitoring location was considered extremely quiet (<25 dBA) during
evening and night time periods.
Given Gas & Pipeline 3 monitoring location was located adjacent to a residence and a public road, it
is expected that background noise levels at the Baffle Creek crossing would be lower than those
measured at the Gas & Pipeline 3 monitoring location.
No baseline assessments have been conducted for light emissions. However, based on the
remote and isolated nature of the Baffle Creek crossing location, existing light emissions are
expected to be minimal.
6.5. Cultural Heritage
Based on the desktop study conducted as part of the EIS (Santos/Petronas, 2009), there is potential
for the Baffle Creek area to contain sites of archaeological or cultural heritage significance. These
may include sites such as dreaming sites, rock shelters, stone arrangements, ceremonial sites,
burials, massacre sites, food resources, scarred trees and quarries. Watercourses typically formed a
focus for Aboriginal communities seeking water and food resources and are often of spiritual
significance, in addition to which the subject site has suitable geology for rock shelters and/or
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artefacts. Therefore, the areas surrounding watercourses are generally considered of high potential
for cultural heritage sites. Field surveys would be required to identify specific sites in the area of the
ROW at the Baffle Creek crossings.
GLNG have indicated that cultural heritage clearance surveys of the ROW have been completed.
However, results were not available at the time of this report.
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7. RISK ASSESSMENT
The risk assessment implemented in this report considers those risks to the identified environmental
values of the site and its surrounds as described in Chapter 6 of this report. The proposed activities
and identified environmental aspects, as described in Chapters 5 and 6 form the basis of the
assessment.
The impact assessment process involved the following steps:

 Identification of potential impacts, based on the proposed activities and description of the
existing environment.
 Assessment of the raw risks associated with each identified impact, prior to implementation of
any avoidance, mitigation or management measures.
 Development of appropriate avoidance, mitigation and management measures to address the
potential impacts associated with the project.
 Assessment of the residual risks assuming effective implementation of the mitigation and
management measures.
A qualitative risk assessment was applied. This technique uses descriptive terms to define the
likelihood and consequence of risk events and is consistent with the methods for assessing risk set
out in the Australian Standard AS/NZ ISO 31000:2009 Risk Management–Principles and Guidelines
(Standards Australia, 2009).
7.1. Risk Identification
Risk, as defined by the Australian Standard, is the chance of something happening that will have an
impact on the overall objective. Risk identification involves considering the environmental risks to be
managed on site with consideration for the severity and frequency of potential impacts and the
operational processes underlying any impact. The system for identifying risk should consider what
can happen, when, where, why and how.
The following framework was used to identify environmental risks:
 Identify the proposed activities to be conducted at the site.

 Select the aspect(s) of the surrounding environment that may be impacted by that activity.
 Identify the potential environmental impacts for each aspect, as a result of these activities
being conducted.
7.2. Risk Assessment Method
Each risk was assessed using a five level qualitative ranking of consequence and likelihood of risk
events.
Consequence is the outcome of an event occurring - a loss, injury, expressed concern or

disadvantage. Consequences were ranked following consideration of the magnitude and severity of
potential impacts on the environment, as well as consideration of project approval conditions. In this
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context, severity was expressed in terms ranging from ‘Insignificant’ to ‘Catastrophic’ and provided
with a severity rating of 1 to 5, as shown in Table 13.
Table 13. Consequence Measure

Consequence Environmental impact
level
(1) Insignificant Negligible impact on flora/fauna, habitat, aquatic ecosystems or water resources.
(2) Minor Short term and/or limited extent of impact on flora, fauna and/or habitat but no negative
effects on ecosystem.
(3) Moderate Short-term and/or moderate extent of impact on flora, fauna and/or habitat; impacts on
sensitive environmental features but not affecting ecosystem function (e.g., major spills).
(4) Major Material environmental harm such as long-term impact of regional significance on
sensitive environmental features.
(5) Catastrophic Serious environmental harm such as destruction of sensitive environmental features.
Irreversible, high impact, widespread effects on a significant environment (e.g.,
environmentally sensitive ecosystem).
Likelihood is used as general description for the probability of the event occurring or the frequency
rate at which it may occur. Likelihoods were ranked primarily on the basis of how often the
consequence may occur every time the activity is undertaken. In this context, likelihood was
expressed in terms ranging from ‘Rare’ to ‘Almost certain’ and provided with a level rating of A to E,
as shown in Table 14.
Table 14. Likelihood Measure

Likelihood level Description
(A) Almost certain Consequence is expected to occur in most circumstances
(B) Likely Consequence will probably occur in most circumstances
(C) Occasionally Consequence should occur at some time
(D) Unlikely Consequence could, but unlikely to, occur at some time
(E) Rare Consequence may only occur in exceptional circumstances
The level of risk for each potential environmental impact was then determined by calculating the
function of the likelihood and consequence of the impact using the matrix shown in Table 15. This
resulted in four levels of defined risk from ‘Low’ to ‘Extreme’.
Table 15. Risk matrix

Likelihood of the
(1) Insignificant (2) Minor (3) Moderate (4) Major (5) Catastrophic
Consequence
(A) Almost Certain High High Extreme Extreme Extreme
(B) Likely Moderate High High Extreme Extreme
(C) Occasionally Low Moderate High Extreme Extreme
(D) Unlikely Low Low Moderate High Extreme
(E) Rare Low Low Moderate High High
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Although the risk rating does not quantify the actual value of the risk for a particular aspect, it allows
relative comparison between issues to enable risks to be prioritised, facilitates informed decisions
about treating risks, and helps assess whether a risk is ‘acceptable’.
7.3. Risk Assessment Results
Table 16 sets out the identified potential environmental impacts and the results of the risk
assessment, prior to implementation of any mitigation or management measures.
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Table 16. Risk assessment prior to implementation of management measures
Potential Impact Description Risk Prior to Implementation of Management Measures
Western Alignment (RR1002 Rev B) Eastern Alignment (original ROW A8)
Open Cut HDD
Likelihood Consequence Risk Likelihood Consequence Risk
Water Quality and Aquatic Ecology
Reduced water quality due to All watercourse crossing methods will involve Occasional Moderate High Unlikely Minor Low
spills of hazardous materials. transport, storage, handling and use of petroleum
fuel and lubricating oil with associated potential for
spills. Open trench method will require explosives,
and will involve working directly in the creek bed,
hence greater potential for spills directly in the creek.
Reduced water quality due to HDD requires the use of drilling fluids at high NA NA NA Occasional Moderate High
uncontrolled losses of drilling pressure, increasing the likelihood of uncontrolled
fluids. loss of drilling fluids.
Reduced water quality due to All watercourse crossing methods may results in Almost certain Moderate Extreme Unlikely Minor Low
erosion and sedimentation. erosion associated with vegetation clearance and
soil disturbance. Soil may be washed into Baffle
Creek, causing sedimentation. As the open trench
method involves more extensive excavation,
including excavation of sloped areas and dispersive
soils, the potential for erosion is greater.
Reduced water quality due to All watercourse crossing methods will require use Occasional Minor Moderate Occasional Minor Moderate
disposal of hydrotest water. and disposal of hydrotest water, which may contain
additives. If not appropriately managed these
chemicals could enter the creek.
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Potential Impact Description Open Cut HDD
Alteration of existing surface Open cut method will involve direct disturbance of Almost certain Moderate Extreme Rare Insignificant Low
water flows and/or modification the creek bed, with potential for long term changes.
of creek bed. HDD is unlikely to affect the creek bed.
Reduction in aquatic habitat Open cut method will require removal of riparian Likely Minor High Rare Minor Low
quality due to increased vegetation, increasing exposure of the creek to sun
exposure to sun and wind and wind at that location.
caused by riparian vegetation
clearing.
Direct disturbance of aquatic Open cut method will involve direct disturbance of Likely Minor High Unlikely Minor Low
species of conservation the creek bed and use of explosives to remove rock
concern including platypus, substrate, potentially disturbing aquatic habitat for
Fitzroy River turtle and white-
these species.
throated snapping turtle.
Accidental trapping, injury or Open cut method could potentially involve accidental Occasional Minor Moderate Rare Minor Low
death of individual aquatic trapping, injury or death of aquatic animals by
animals. machinery or equipment located in the creek.
Introduction and /or increased Open cut method will require use of vehicles and Occasional Moderate High Rare Minor Low
abundance of aquatic weeds equipment directly in the creek bed, which could
and pest species. assist the spread of existing aquatic weeds. If
vehicles and equipment are contaminated with seeds
or plant matter from elsewhere, there is potential for
introduction of new aquatic weeds.
Increased pressure on local HDD requires a large volume of suitable quality Rare Insignificant Low Occasional Minor Moderate
water resources due to water water to make drilling fluid. If local water supplies are
requirements of project. limited, this may put pressure on availability of water
resources for other users.
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Terrestrial Ecology
Clearance of native All watercourse crossing methods require clearance Likely Moderate High Likely Moderate High
vegetation, including loss of of native vegetation, potentially including clearance
plant species of conservation of species of conservation concern known to be
concern. present in the area. The estimated disturbance areas
for each method are:
 Open cut on the Western Alignment:
2 2
~ 101,950 m (including 56,000 m of ROW).
 HDD on the Eastern Alignment:
2
~17,200-20,000 m
Reduction in fauna habitat, All watercourse crossing methods require clearance Likely Minor High Likely Minor High
including habitat for species of of native vegetation, potentially removing habitat for
conservation concern. fauna species of conservation concern known to be
present in the area (see Table 9).
Reduced conditions favorable Spillage of hazardous materials (such as fuel, oil, Occasional Minor Moderate Occasional Minor Moderate
to terrestrial flora and fauna explosives) may cause contamination that affects the
due to spillage of hazardous growth and survival of flora and fauna.
materials.
Reduced conditions favorable HDD will involve use of large volumes of drilling Rare Insignificant Low Occasional Moderate High
to terrestrial flora and fauna fluids. Spillage or inappropriate disposal of drilling
due to spillage or disposal of fluids may cause contamination or smothering that
drilling fluids.
affects the growth and survival of flora and fauna.
Direct disturbance of terrestrial Vegetation clearance and construction activities may Likely Minor High Likely Minor High
fauna species of conservation cause direct disturbance of fauna species of
concern. conservation concern known to use the area (see
Table 9).
Disturbance of sensitive fauna HDD activities may be conducted 24 hours per day. Unlikely Minor Low Occasional Minor Moderate
species due to night time Lighting of work areas may be required for safety
lighting. and security reasons.
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Potential Impact` Description Open Cut HDD
Accidental trapping, injury or For the open cut method there is potential for Likely Minor High Unlikely Minor Low
death of individual terrestrial animals to fall into the trench and become trapped
animals. and/or injured. All watercourse crossing methods will
provide work areas where animals may be trapped
or injured. Vehicle movements may accidentally kill
or injure animals on roads and work areas.
Introduction and /or increased All watercourse crossing methods will require use of Occasional Moderate High Occasional Moderate High
abundance of terrestrial weed vehicles and equipment and import of materials such
and pest species. as pipeline bedding material. Vehicle movements
could assist the spread of existing weeds. If vehicles,
equipment or imported materials are contaminated
with seeds or plant matter from elsewhere, there is
potential for introduction of new weeds.
Geology, Soils and Landform
Loss of topsoil or inversion of Open cut method requires excavation of the pipe Likely Moderate High Unlikely Minor Low
soil horizons. trench. Other methods will involve excavation of
smaller areas. For successful rehabilitation, topsoil
and subsoil must be stored separately and the
horizons replaced in their original layers. If not
carefully managed, topsoil may be lost or mixed with
subsoil, reducing the potential for successful
rehabilitation.
Alteration of existing landform Open cut method requires soil excavation and Likely Minor High Rare Insignificant Low
due to blasting, earthworks blasting of underlying rock. This may result in long
and backfilling. term alteration of the existing landform.
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Alteration of hydrogeological HDD method requires the use of drilling fluids at high NA NA NA Occasional Moderate High
properties due to hydraulic pressure. Given the geology of Baffle Creek, there is
fracturing. potential for this pressure to cause hydraulic
fracturing (frac-out), permanently altering
hydrogeological properties in the immediate area.
Soil contamination as a result Spillage of hazardous materials (such as fuel, oil, Occasional Minor Moderate Occasional Minor Moderate
of spillage of hazardous explosives) may cause soil contamination, with
materials. associated impacts on the environment.
Soil erosion in areas of All watercourse crossing methods may results in Almost certain Moderate Extreme Unlikely Moderate Moderate
dispersive soils and steep erosion associated with vegetation clearance and
terrain. soil disturbance. As the open trench method involves
more extensive excavation, including excavation of
sloped areas and dispersive soils, the potential for
erosion is greater. Without appropriate rehabilitation,
erosion impacts could be long term.
Noise, Vibration and Amenity
Disturbance of sensitive fauna Open cut will involve blasting using explosives, Likely Minor High Occasional Minor Moderate
species due to noise and which are likely to disturb sensitive animals present
vibration in the area, potentially affecting activities such as
breeding and foraging. All watercourse crossing
methods will generate noise and minor vibration from
drilling, equipment and vehicles, consistent with
general construction noise.
Noise levels exceed noise Given the large distance to the nearest known Unlikely Minor Low Rare Insignificant Low
guidelines at sensitive residence (approximately 7 km), noise impacts are
receptors unlikely. If blasting during the open cut method could
be heard, any impacts will be intermittent and short
term.
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Increased traffic Construction of the watercourse crossing will involve Unlikely Minor Low Occasional Minor Moderate
movement of machinery, equipment, pipes,
materials, water, fuel, consumables and people to
and from the crossing. HDD will also require truck
movements for disposal of drilling fluids. There will
be increased traffic between the right and left bank
as there is no access track.
Cultural Heritage
Disturbance of known sites of Open cut method requires excavation of the pipe Occasional Moderate High Unlikely Moderate Moderate
cultural heritage significance trench across the creek bed and banks. Given
Disturbance of unidentified watercourses are generally considered to have high Occasional Moderate High Unlikely Moderate Moderate
sites of cultural heritage potential for sites of cultural heritage significance,
significance
this method may disturb such sites. Other
watercourse crossing methods will involve clearing
and excavation of smaller areas outside the creek
bed, hence have lower potential to disturb cultural
heritage sites.
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8. MITIGATIONS AND RESIDUAL RISK
Table 17 sets out the identified potential impacts, proposed mitigation and management measures
and results of the residual risk assessment. Table 18 summarises the results of the risk assessment.
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Table 17. Management measures and residual risks
Potential Impact Mitigation Residual Risk After Implementation of Management Measures
Open Cut HDD
Reduced water quality due to spills Implement Water Quality Management Plan Unlikely Moderate Moderate Rare Minor Low
of hazardous materials. Implement Waste Management Plan
Implement Emergency Response Plan: Spill
Prevention and Response
Reduced water quality due to Use water-based drilling fluids during horizontal NA NA NA Occasional Moderate High
uncontrolled losses of drilling directional drilling (HDD)
fluids.
Reduced water quality due to Develop and implement erosion and sediment Occasional Moderate High Rare Minor Low
erosion and sedimentation. control management plan
Reduced water quality due to Implement Hydrotest Water Management Plan Rare Minor Low Rare Minor Low
disposal of hydrotest water
Alteration of existing surface water Implement Watercourse Crossing Management Likely Moderate High Rare Insignificant Low
flows and/or modification of creek Plan
bed.
Reduction in aquatic habitat Implement Land Rehabilitation/Reinstatement Likely Minor High Rare Minor Low
quality due to increased exposure Management Plan
to sun and wind caused by riparian
vegetation clearing.
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Potential Impact Mitigation Open Cut HDD
Direct disturbance of aquatic Implement Species Management Plan Occasional Minor Moderate Unlikely Minor Low
species of conservation concern
Implement Significant Species Management
including platypus, Fitzroy River
turtle and white-throated snapping Plan (separate plan for each
turtle. threatened/migratory species)
Avoid construction during breeding season of
Fitzroy River turtle (September to October),
white throated snapping turtle (April to July),
platypus (August) and wet season (October to
March), if practicable.
Accidental trapping, injury or Implement Fauna Handling Procedure Occasional Minor Moderate Rare Minor Low
death of individual aquatic
animals.
Introduction and /or increased Implement Pest and Weed Management Plan Unlikely Minor Moderate Rare Minor Low
abundance of aquatic weeds and
pest species.
Increased pressure on local water Minimise water supply requirements through Rare Insignificant Low Unlikely Minor Low
resources due to water recycling of drilling fluids.
requirements of project.
Use recycled water where practicable
Terrestrial Ecology
Clearance of native vegetation, Implement Species Management Plan Occasional Minor Moderate Occasional Minor Moderate
including loss of plant species of
conservation concern.
Plan Implement Land
Rehabilitation/Reinstatement Management Plan
Reduction in fauna habitat, Implement Species Management Plan Likely Insignificant Moderate Likely Insignificant Moderate
including habitat for species of
Plan Implement Land
Rehabilitation/Reinstatement Management Plan
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Reduced conditions favorable to Implement Species Management Plan Unlikely Minor Low Unlikely Minor Low
terrestrial flora and fauna due to
Implement Significant Species Management Plan
spillage of hazardous materials.
(separate plan for each threatened/migratory
species)
Reduced conditions favorable to Use water-based drilling fluids during horizontal Rare Insignificant Low Unlikely Moderate Moderate
terrestrial flora and fauna due to directional drilling (HDD)
spillage or disposal of drilling
fluids.
Direct disturbance of terrestrial Implement Species Management Plan Likely Insignificant Moderate Likely Insignificant Moderate
fauna species of conservation
concern.
species)
Disturbance of sensitive fauna Implement Species Management Plan Unlikely Minor Low Unlikely Minor Low
species due to night time lighting.
Accidental trapping, injury or death Implement Fauna Handling Procedure Occasional Minor Moderate Rare Minor Low
of individual terrestrial animals.
Introduction and /or increased Implement Pest and Weed Management Plan Unlikely Minor Low Unlikely Minor Low
abundance of terrestrial weed and Implement Land Rehabilitation/Reinstatement
pest species. Management Plan
Loss of topsoil or inversion of soil Implement Land Rehabilitation/Reinstatement Unlikely Moderate Moderate Rare Insignificant Low
horizons. Management Plan
Alteration of existing landform due Implement Land Rehabilitation/Reinstatement Occasional Minor Moderate Rare Insignificant Low
to blasting, earthworks and Management Plan
backfilling.
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Alteration of hydrogeological Implement Watercourse Crossing Management NA NA NA Occasional Moderate High
properties due to hydraulic Plan
fracturing.
Soil contamination as a result of Implement Contaminated Land Management Plan Unlikely Minor Low Unlikely Minor Low
spillage of hazardous materials.
Implement Waste Management Plan
Implement Acid Sulphate Soils Management Plan
Soil erosion in areas of dispersive Develop and implement erosion and sediment Unlikely Moderate Moderate Rare Insignificant Low
soils and steep terrain. control management plan
Implement Land Rehabilitation/Reinstatement
Management Plan

Disturbance of sensitive species Implement Noise and Vibration Management Plan Occasional Minor Moderate Unlikely Minor Low
due to noise and vibration
Develop and implement blasting management
plan
Noise levels exceed noise Implement Noise and Vibration Management Plan Unlikely Minor Low Rare Insignificant Low
guidelines at sensitive receptors
Develop and implement blasting management
plan
Increased traffic Implement Traffic Management Plan Unlikely Minor Low Unlikely Minor Low
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Cultural Heritage
Disturbance of known sites of Develop and implement cultural heritage Occasional Minor Moderate Rare Minor Low
cultural heritage significance management plan
Disturbance of unidentified sites Develop and implement cultural heritage Occasional Minor Moderate Rare Minor Low
of cultural heritage significance management plan
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Table 18. Risk Assessment Summary
Potential Impact Risk Prior to Mitigation Mitigation Residual Risk After Implementation of
Management Measures
Western Eastern Western Eastern Alignment
Alignment Alignment Alignment (ROW A8)
(RR1002 Rev B) (ROW A8) (RR1002 Rev B)
Open Cut HDD Open Cut HDD
Reduced water quality due to spills of High Low Implement Water Quality Management Plan Moderate Low
hazardous materials. Implement Waste Management Plan
Reduced water quality due to uncontrolled NA High Use water-based drilling fluids during horizontal NA High
losses of drilling fluids. directional drilling (HDD)
Reduced water quality due to erosion and Extreme Low Develop and implement erosion and sediment High Low
sedimentation. control management plan
Reduced water quality due to disposal of Moderate Moderate Implement Hydrotest Water Management Plan Low Low
hydrotest water.
Alteration of existing surface water flows and/or Extreme Low Implement Watercourse Crossing Management High Low
modification of creek bed. Plan
Reduction in aquatic habitat quality due to High Low Implement Land Rehabilitation/Reinstatement High Low
increased exposure to sun and wind caused by Management Plan
riparian vegetation clearing.
Direct disturbance of aquatic species of High Low Implement Species Management Plan Moderate Low
conservation concern including platypus, Fitzroy
River turtle and white-throated snapping turtle.
species)
Avoid construction during turtle/platypus breeding
season (March to August) and wet season.
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Potential Impact Open Cut HDD Mitigation Open Cut HDD
Accidental trapping, injury or death of individual Moderate Low Implement Fauna Handling Procedure Moderate Low
aquatic animals.
Introduction and /or increased abundance of High Low Implement Pest and Weed Management Plan Moderate Low
Increased pressure on local water resources Low Moderate Minimise water supply requirements through Low Low
due to water requirements of project. recycling of drilling fluids
Use recycled water where practicable
Terrestrial Ecology
Clearance of native vegetation, including loss of High High Implement Species Management Plan Moderate Moderate
plant species of conservation concern.
Management Plan
Reduction in fauna habitat, including habitat for High High Implement Species Management Plan Moderate Moderate
species of conservation concern.
Management Plan
Reduced conditions favorable to terrestrial flora Moderate Moderate Implement Species Management Plan Low Low
and fauna due to spillage of hazardous
materials.
species)
Reduced conditions favorable to terrestrial flora Low High Use water-based drilling fluids during horizontal Low Moderate
and fauna due to spillage or disposal of drilling directional drilling (HDD)
fluids.
Direct disturbance of terrestrial fauna species of High High Implement Species Management Plan Moderate Moderate
species)
Disturbance of sensitive fauna species due to Low Moderate Implement Species Management Plan Low Low
night time lighting.
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Accidental trapping, injury or death of individual High Low Implement Fauna Handling Procedure Moderate Low
terrestrial animals.
Introduction and /or increased abundance of High High Implement Pest and Weed Management Plan Low Low
terrestrial weed and pest species.
Management Plan
Loss of topsoil or inversion of soil horizons. High Low Implement Land Rehabilitation/Reinstatement Moderate Low
Management Plan
Alteration of existing landform due to blasting, High Low Implement Land Rehabilitation/Reinstatement Moderate Low
earthworks and backfilling. Management Plan
Alteration of hydrogeological properties due to NA High Implement Watercourse Crossing Management NA High
hydraulic fracturing. Plan
Soil contamination as a result of spillage of Moderate Moderate Implement Contaminated Land Management Plan Low Low
hazardous materials.
Implement Waste Management Plan
Implement Acid Sulphate Soils Management Plan
Soil erosion in areas of dispersive soils and Extreme Moderate Develop and implement erosion and sediment Moderate Low
steep terrain. control management plan
Management Plan
Disturbance of sensitive animal species due to High Moderate Implement Noise and Vibration Management Plan Moderate Low
noise and vibration
Develop and implement blasting management plan
Noise levels exceed noise guidelines at Low Low Implement Noise and Vibration Management Plan Low Low
sensitive receptors
Develop and implement blasting management plan
Increased traffic Low Moderate Implement Traffic Management Plan Low Low
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Cultural Heritage
Disturbance of known sites of cultural heritage High Moderate Develop and implement cultural heritage Moderate Low
significance management plan
Disturbance of unidentified sites of cultural High Moderate Develop and implement cultural heritage Moderate Low
heritage significance management plan
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9. RECOMMENDATIONS
Table 19 summarises the identified potential impacts and residual risks, with a moderate of high risk
level, associated with each potential watercourse crossing method.
Based on the assessment of environmental risks, a trenchless method such as HDD at the Eastern
Alignment (GLNG ROW A8) is likely to avoid many of the environmental impacts associated with the
crossing of Baffle Creek. However, HDD at Baffle Creek crossing is not considered technically
feasible due to the very high risk of failure associated with technical risks shown in Table 19.
Therefore, from a technical and constructability perspective, the crossing of Baffle Creek with open
cut method on the Western Alignment is the preferred crossing option and the option proposed by the
Contractor.
This report has not taken into consideration health and safety risks, detailed engineering scoping,
scheduling of work and costing of options.
Table 19. Summary of Key Risks for Watercourse Crossing Methods

Aspect Watercourse crossing method
sandstone.
conditions.
risk of damage).
Potential for delays due to HDD failure and
damage to pipe.
2 2
 
2 2
2
30 m wide).Work areas of 45,950 m  Work areas including drill pad and shafts
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2
aquatic values).
From the total disturbance area, the direct the watercourse.
limited to: Access via existing tracks and ROW.

2
3,360 m (112 m long x 30 m wide).
Key potential Reduced water quality due to spills of hazardous Reduced water quality due to uncontrolled loss of
environmental materials. drilling fluids.
risks
Reduced water quality due to sedimentation. Clearance of native vegetation, including species
of conservation concern.
Temporary alteration of existing surface water
flows and long term modification of creek bed. Reduction in fauna habitat and direct disturbance
to fauna species of conservation concern.
Reduction of aquatic habitat due to increased
exposure to sun and wind caused by riparian Reduction in conditions favourable to terrestrial
vegetation clearing. flora and fauna due to spillage or disposal of
drilling fluids.
Direct disturbance of aquatic species of
conservation concern. Alteration of hydrogeological properties due to
hydraulic fracturing.
Clearance of native vegetation, including species
of conservation concern. Increased pressure on local water resources due
to use of large volume of suitable quality water to
Introduction and/or increased abundance of make drilling mud.
If borehole failure was to occur and reinstatement
Reduction in terrestrial fauna habitat and direct was not possible, movement of the alignment
disturbance to fauna species of conservation would double the HDD disturbance footprint.
concern.
Accidental trapping, injury or death of animals.

Loss of topsoil or inversion of soil horizons.
Alteration of existing landform.
Soil erosion.
Disturbance of sensitive animal species due to

noise and vibration.
Disturbance of cultural heritage sites.

timing
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10. APPENDICES
Appendix A – Open Cut Engineering Drawings. Baffle Creek Crossing KP 20.569. Doc. No.
3381-40-3403; Sheets 1 to 3.
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Saipem Australia Pty Ltd Rev. B

Contract No.
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Document Title: BaffleCreek Crossing - Open Cut And Horizontal Directional
Drilling Options - Technical And Geotechnical Assessment
BAFFLE CREEK CROSSING

OPEN CUT AND HORIZONTAL DIRECTIONAL DRILLING OPTIONS
TECHNICAL AND GEOTECHNICAL ASSESSMENT
B Iussed for Approval (IFA) Morgante Polloni Parlato 01/11/2012

A Iussed for Review (IFR) Morgante Polloni Parlato 04/10/2012
Revision Reason For Issue Prepared Checked Approved Date
permission from the CEO GLNG Operations Pty Ltd.
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permission from the CEO GLNG Operations Pty Ltd.
COMPANY REVIEW CODE

Code Description Tick
1 No comment. Proceed to AFC.
2 Revise as noted and re-submit.
3 Revise as directed and re-submit. Works may NOT proceed.
4 Information Only. Re-submission not required.
5 Approved for Construction (AFC)
Signed: Dated:
Contractor remains responsible for the due and proper performance in accordance with the
Contract. Comments do not limit or relieve Contractor of any obligation or liability under the
Contract or give rise to any claim.
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Document Title: Baffle Creek Crossing - Open Cut And Horizontal Directional
CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5
1. INTRODUCTION 6
1.1 Project Description 6
1.2 Scope and purpose 7
1.3 GTP Route Options 7
2. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS 9
2.1 Codes & Standards 9
2.2 Project Documentation 9
2.3 Contractor Project Documentation, Plans & Procedures 9
2.4 Contractor Drawings 10
3. DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS 11
4. GEOLOGICAL OVERVIEW AND GEOTECHNICAL

INVESTIGATIONS 12
4.1 Site geographical background 12
4.2 Geological overview 12
4.3 Overview of the Geotechnical Investigation performed
during FEED 13
4.4 Geological site reconnaissance survey 17
4.5 Geotechnical and hydro-geological considerations 23
5. OPEN CUT OPTION 24

5.1 Open Cut Option Characteristics 24
5.2 Open Cut Method statement 25
5.3 Open Cut Construction Risks 25
6. HORIZONTAL DIRECTIONAL DRILLING OPTION 26

6.1 Characteristics of HDD option 26
6.2 Method statement of HDD drilling works 27
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Document Title: Baffle
Creek Crossing - Open Cut And Horizontal Directional
6.3 Equipment 28
6.4 Horizontal Directional Drilling Construction Risks
(General) 30
6.5 Risk assessment for HDD Baffle River crossing 31
7 RECOMANDATIONS 33
8 ATTACHMENTS 35
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Based on the assessment of technical and construction risks, the HDD option for
Baffle River Crossing, at the Eastern Alignment (original ROW), is considered
associated with an EXTREME RISK profile for the following reasons:
 Extreme risk of drilling blockage/upsets due to the length of the HDD, the large
diameter of the hole and to the discontinuous pipe pull back operation due to the
welding operations.
 High risk for frac-out of bentonite at the banks due to the presence of weathered
and fractured sandstone. The section in correspondace of creek bed is
considered at extreme risk of frac-out due to the reduced hole coverage. This
could lead to bentonite leakage in surface.
 The primary and secondary permeability associated respectively with the
presence of granular conglomerate layers low cemented, and with the presence
of fractured rocks confirmed by the outcrop and by the boreholes, can represent
a significant risk in terms of blow-out, loss of circulation and bentonitic mud loss.
 The geotechnical laboratory analysis describe rock with low mechanical strength.
The bore has to pass through layers with a lower resistance. In this case a risk
of soil collapse couldn’t be excluded.
 Extreme risk of damage to the pipe coating due to presence of rock soil.
 HDD Methodology requires large amounts of water to make up the drilling mud:
water supply mud treatment and disposal are critical.
From a technical and constructability perspective, the crossing of Baffle Creek with
Open Cut method on the Western Alignment should not be subject to relevant risks.
In particular:
 Installation option is not subjet to extra safety risks.
 No risks related to unspected geotechnical condition of soil.
 The method is not as sensitive to variation in the geotechnical conditions of the
soil as HDD.
 Instalaltion methodology is not critical for installation failure.
 Safer and more friendly for pipe coating.
The crossing of Baffle Creek with HDD methodology is considered technically not
acceptable because associated to an EXTREME RISK profile. The crossing of Baffle
Creek with Open Cut method is the preferred option proposed because associated to
a LOW RISK profile.
This report has not taken into consideration the environmental impacts, the health
and safety risks, detailed engineering scoping, scheduling of work and costing of
options.
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Description

GLNG Operations Pty Ltd is planning a large scale development to extract coal seam
gas (CSG) from existing and future fields in the Roma, Fairview and Arcadia Valley
area (Upstream) and to supply that gas for commercial sale and/or conversion to
liquefied natural gas (LNG).
A gas transmission pipeline (GTP) called the “GLNG Pipeline” is a major component
of the development.
The GLNG Pipeline will be approximately 420 km in length and will be used to
transport CSG from the existing and future fields in the Roma, Fairview and Arcadia
Valley area to an LNG processing facility (LNG Plant) at Curtis Island near
Gladstone. Figure 1 shows the GTP route.
Figure 1: Gas Transmission Pipeline Route
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1.2 Scope and purpose

Construction of the GTP involves crossing numerous watercourses. Watercourses
considered of high environmental value, including Baffle Creek, require careful
consideration of potential crossing locations and methods.
Although the selected construction method for Baffle Creek Crossing is open cut on
the alternative route RCR 47B, due to outstanding environmental constraints, GLNG
requested Saipem investigate on alternative Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD)
execution techniques.
Baffle Creek crossing is approximately located between kilometre point (KP) 19 and
KP 22.
The scope of this report is to:
 Collect the geotechnical data available in the Baffle creek area.
 Describe the outcrop in the area around the crossing point, from a
geotechnical and hydro-geological point of view.
 Conduct a geotechnical assessment of the open cut trench for construction of
the Baffle Creek crossing.
 Conduct a geotechnical assessment of the potential use of Horizontal
Directional Drilling (HDD) as an alternative to open cut trench.
 Assess potential risks associated with construction of the HDD Baffle Creek
crossing.
The two options for the location and methods for the pipeline crossing of Baffle Creek
are detailed in the “Baffle Creek Crossing Analysis of Open Cut and Horizontal
Direction Drilling” (Doc No: 3380-SAIP-4-1.3-7071).
A detailed description of the works to be carried out by utilising open cut trenching
method is provided in the “Baffle Creek Crossing Procedure (Open Cut)” (doc
No:3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6074).
options.
1.3 GTP Route Options

The original ROW alignment encountered very steep creek embankments that
presented a number of engineering constraints for crossing Baffle Creek by open cut.
Further assessment of Baffle Creek identified an alternative route alignment located
approximately 350 m upstream (west) of the original ROW, which encountered less
steep embankments.
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Hence two alignments (see Figure 2) are under consideration to achieve the pipeline
crossing of Baffle Creek:
 The original Right of Way (ROW A8) for HDD crossing option.
 The proposed Route Change Request (RCR 47B) for Open Cut crossing
option.
Both crossings are located between KP 19 and KP 22 on Lot 4 on WT217 to the
south of Baffle Creek, and Lot 1 on WT37 to the north.
Figure 2 - Open Trench (RCR 47B) and HDD alignments (ROW A8)
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2. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
2.1 Codes & Standards

AS 2885.1 Pipelines – Gas and liquid petroleum – Design
and construction
AS/NZS 4801 Occupational health and safety management
systems
2.2 Project Documentation

3380-GLNG-3-1.1-0001 Specification for EPC Contractor: Health, Safety
and Security Requirements
3380-GLNG-3-1.3-0006 Weed Management Plan
3380-GLNG-3-1.3-0007 Environmental Management Plan
3381-GHD-3-3.3-0186 Specification for Pipeline Construction
3381-GHD-3-3.3-0247 Specification – Fibre Optic Cable Detailed Design
& Installation
3381-GHD-3-3.3-0260 Scope of Work for GLNG Pipeline EPC
QA/QC Requirements (Schedule 21)
HS&S Requirements (Schedule 22)
Environmental Requirements (Schedule 23)
2.3 Contractor Project Documentation, Plans & Procedures

3380-SAIP-4-1.3-7071 Baffle Creek Crossing Analysis of Open Cut and
3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6074 “Baffle Creek Crossing Procedure (Open Cut)”
3380-SAIP-4-1.2-1836 Project Specific Health & Safety Management
Plan
3380-SAIP-4-1.2-1859 Ground Disturbance & Excavation Procedure
3380-SAIP-4-1.2-1903 SWMS Trenching/ Ploughing of Water Crossing
3380-SAIP-4-1.3-1806 Waste Management Plan
3380-SAIP-4-1.3-1814 Project Specific Contractor Construction
Environmental Management Plan (CEMP)
3380-SAIP-4-1.3-7038 Erosion & Sedimentation Control Plan – Pipeline
Construction – KP0 to KP70
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3380-SAIP-4-2.1-6001 Construction Management Plan

3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6008 Rock Blasting Procedure
3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6009 Survey Works Procedure
3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6015 Field Joint Coating Procedure
3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6016 ROW Clear and Grade Procedure
3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6017 Welding and NDT Procedure
3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6019 Line Pipes Stringing Procedure
3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6020 Line Pipes Cold Bending Procedure
3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6021 Pipeline Lowering Procedure
3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6022 Bedding-Padding-Backfilling Procedure
3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6023 Tie-In Procedure
3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6025 Trenching And Excavation Procedure
3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6033 Clean-Up & Marker Installation Procedure
3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6040 Watercourse Crossing Management Plan
3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6066 Installation of FOC
3380-SAIP-4-6.6-1251 Project Quality Management Plan
3380-SAIP-4-6.6-1331 Quality Control Plan for Pipeline Construction
3381-SAIP-4-3.3-4607 Technical Specification for the Installation and
Testing of Fibre Optic Cable
3381-SAIP-4-3.3-3113 Specification for Pipeline Construction
2.4 Contractor Drawings

3381-40-3403 Baffle Creek Crossing KP 20.569; Sheets 1 to 3
3381-40-3300-009 Alignment Sheet N°9 (Route A8) (From KP
20+000 To KP 22+500)
3381-40-3701 Typical Right of Way – 30m Wide
3381-40-3704 Marker Post Locations
3381-40-3705 Warning Sign for Watercourse Crossings
3381-40-3707 Watercourse Crossings
3381-40-3711 Marker Post Installation Details
3381-40-3713 Pipeline Marker Sign
3381-40-3714 Trench and Marker Tape Details
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3381-40-3715 Optical Fibre Cable Join Installation Details

3381-40-3717 Buoyancy Control with Concrete Coating
3381-40-3721 Temporary Sediment Fence
3381-40-3723 Diversion Berm
3381-40-3727 Water Course Banks Restoration
3381-40-3728 Bank Protection with Boulders
3381-40-3730 Trench Breaker
3381-40-3735 Open Cut Watercourse Crossing (Working Area)
3. DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Company GLNG Operations Pty Ltd
Contractor Saipem Australia Pty Ltd
Subcontractor The individual, partnership firm or corporation,
qualified to practice professional work under the
laws of country in which the site lies and is
contractually obligate to perform the work
specified in this document and referenced
documents.
Project Name Gladstone LNG Pipeline
CEMP Construction Environmental Management Plan
DOC Depth of Cover
ESC Erosion and Sedimentation Control
ESCMP Erosion and Sedimentation Control Management
Plan
FOC Fibre Optic Cable
FOPS Falling Object Protective Structures
GIS Geographic Information System
HDD Horizontal Directional Drilling
ITP Inspection and Test Plan
KP Kilometre Point
ROW Right of Way
SWMS Safe Work Method Statement
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WCMP Watercourse Crossing Management Plan
4. GEOLOGICAL OVERVIEW AND GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS
4.1 Site geographical background

The Baffle Creek crossing is located at approximately Kp 20.500, at approximately 25
km north-east to the town of Injune, along the pipeline route, in the Fairview area:
687711E, 7167724N (Datum GDA94, projection MGA55).
The topography of the area is characterized by flat sandstone plateaus intersected by
incised gullies with meanders that in the low velocity parts created large valleys.
The main plateaus of the area are the Fairview and the Springwater with range in the
elevations between 400 and 500 m AHD.
The hydrology of the area is regulated by the Springwater plateau and the south side
of the Fairview plateau that drain into Hatton Creek and by the northern part of the
Fairview plateau that drain into the Baffle Creek.
4.2 Geological overview

The geology of the area at Baffle creek crossing is characterized by Early Jurassic
fluviatile-lacustrine deposits of the Precipice sandstone formation, consisting of a
basal quartzose sandstones, from fine to medium grained, with minor inclusion of
labile and sublabile siltstones. The presence of a cover of alluvium associated with
Hutton and Baffle Creeks, concludes the geological picture of the zone.
In Figure 3, the map shows the location of geotechnical investigation performed by
Coffey Geotechnics in 2009 and the geology of the area.
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Figure 3 - Location of boreholes and test pits
4.3 Overview of the Geotechnical Investigation performed during FEED

The data presented in this section are relevant to the geotechnical investigation
performed by Coffey Geotechnics in 2009 (ref. document no: GEOTNEWS20400AB-
AG, “Factual report on main land geotechnical investigation, QLD”).
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The boreholes and trial pits which will be discussed in the following paragraphs have
been selected based on their closeness to the Baffle creek crossing (as per RCR no.
RR1002).
Boreholes BCBH01 and BCBH02A - Baffle Creek

Boreholes BCBH01 and BCBH02A show the same geological formation.
Below relatively thin layers of topsoil and/or residual soil, boreholes BCBH01 and
BCBH02A intersected moderately and slightly weathered sandstone near the surface
which continued to the termination depth of the boreholes of 60.55 m (RL 402.1m
AHD) and 59.8 m (RL 393.72m AHD) respectively. The sandstone included
occasional thin beds of interlaminated sandstone and siltstone. The strength of the
moderately weathered rock was typically assessed as medium or high strength, while
the slightly weathered rock was typically assessed as high strength.
The sandstone included occasional thin beds of interlaminated sandstone and
siltstone
Table 1 Summary of Materials – Boreholes BCBH01 and BCBH02A – Baffle Creek
Materials Encountered Depth,

Borehole D (m) and Reduced Level, RL (m AHD)
Topsoil Residual Soil MW/SW Sandstone

D: 0 – 0.3 D: 0.3 – 1.7 D: 0 - 60.55
BCBH01
RL: 462.65 – 462.35 RL: 462.35 – 460.95 RL: 460.95 - 402.1
D: 0 - 0.6 D: 0.6 - 59.8
BCBH02A
RL: 453.52 - 452.92 RL: 452.92 – 393.72
Notes: XW=Extremely Weathered, HW = Highly Weathered, MW = Moderately Weathered, SW = Slightly Weathered,

* = Includes some MW material and XW/HW material of very low strength
The Engineering Log - Cored Borehole BCBH02A and BCBH02A are show in
Attachment A.
Profile drawing showing the depth of the boreholes performed with respect to baffle
creek bottom is described in Figure 4.
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Figure 4 - Profile drawing showing the depth of the boreholes performed with respect to baffle
creek bottom.
Borehole FRBH01A is not part of the same geological formation which characterize
Baffle creek crossing.
The materials encountered in borehole FRBH01A can be summarised as a thin layer
of topsoil overlying extremely weathered material and in turn highly to moderately
weathered sandstone grading to slightly weathered siltstone.
Table 2 Summary of Materials – Borehole FRBH01A – Fairview Road

Materials Encountered
Depth, D (m) and Reduced Level, RL (m AHD)
Borehole
Topsoil XW Material* HW/MW Sandstone SW Sandstone

D: 0 - 0.7 D: 0.7 - 7.2 D: 7.2 - 11.9 D: 11.9 - 20.8
FRBH01A RL: 467.5 - 466.8 RL: 466.8 - 460.3 RL: 460.3 - 455.6 RL: 455.61 - 446.7

Sampling of soils consisted of standard penetration (SPT) tests or relatively

undisturbed thin walled tube (U63) samples taken at typical depth intervals of 1.5m to
help assess the relative density or consistency of the soil and to obtain samples for
examination and laboratory testing.
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Sampling of hard soils and rock consisted of continuous NMLC or NQ core which was
logged and photographed on site.
Test pits
No.4 Test pits were performed in the area of Baffle creek crossing, and will be
analysed in this report: MLTP009A, MLTP0010A, MLTP011A, MLTP012A.
The materials encountered in the test pits can be summarised as generally consisting
of topsoil overlying residual soil and/or extremely weathered materials that typically
graded into highly weathered sandstone and siltstone (ref. Table 3).
Table 3 Summary of Materials – Test pits

Test Pit /
Material Encountered, Depth (m)
Material
Residual Soil MW
HW Sandstone,
Fill Topsoil Alluvium and/or XW Sandstone,
Siltstone, Claystone
Material Siltstone
MLTP009A 0 - 0.6 0.6 - 4
MLTP010A 0 - 0.1 0.1 - 1.6 1.6 - 1.9
MLTP011A 0 - 0.1 0.1 - 1.7 1.7 - 1.9
MLTP012A 0 - 0.7 0.7 - 1.1

The Engineering Log - Excavation of test-pits are show in Attachment B.

Sampling in the test pits consisted of bulk samples, typically taken at 0.25m below
ground level and subsequently at 1m depth intervals or less if a change in lithology
was observed. Tactile assessment was used to characterise the nature of the soil
and rock substances. In situ tests included hand vane shear and pocket
penetrometer tests to help assess the consistency of cohesive soils.
Laboratory tests performed in rock soil show the characteristics below:
Wet density from 2 to 2,6 t/m3.
Dry density from 1,9 to 2,5 t/m3.
USC from 19 to 35 MPa
Point Load Index Is50 ≤ 2,8 MPa
Youngs Mod. from 10 to 21 GPa
The summary of the laboratory tests performed both boreholes and test pits is shows
in Attachment C.
For further details on the laboratory/site tests and engineer log performed, refer to the
document no: GEOTNEWS20400AB-AG “Factual report on main land geotechnical
investigation, QLD”.
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4.4 Geological site reconnaissance survey

A Geological survey has been carried out all along the two pipeline routes in order to
describe the outcrop in the area around the crossings (see Figure 2: overview map).
The river bed of Baffle Creek shows a clear section for a complete surface rock relief
where can be observed the presence of a moderately weathered and fractured brown
and grey sandstone, medium and fine grained with inclusion of grained gravel crystal
of quartz see photo 1).
Presence of fine grained from light grey to orange-brown sandstone, thinly sub
horizontal laminated (see photo 2 and 3) has been identified locally.
At irregular intervals, there are cent metrics layers of granular conglomerate low
cemented, formed by prevalently crystalline material that attested episode of deposits
of high energy (see photo 4).
Occasionally it is possible to observe the presence of interlaminated layers 20-50mm
thickness of dark brown labile (easily decomposable) siltstones (see photo 5).
The conglomerate layers and thin siltstone layers determine surface alterations
spaced layers due to the decomposition of the material (see photo 6).
The fractures within the rock are sub vertical with little relative sliding (see photo 7).
Considering both the geotechnical investigation (boreholes) and the surface rock
relief, it cab be stated that the rock formation is uniformly represented in the area and
the same rocks characteristics will likely be maintained far below form the bottom of
the pipeline excavation trench, as confirmed also by the boreholes.
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Photo 1 Sandstone, medium and fine grained

with inclusion of grained gravel crystal of quartz
Photo 2 Fine grained from light grey to orange-brown sandstone,

thinly sub horizontal laminated (fractured rock).
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Photo 3 Fine grained from light grey to orange-brown sandstone,

thinly sub horizontal laminated
Photo 4 Layers of granular conglomerate low cemented
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Photo 5 Presence of interlaminated layers 20-50mm thickness of dark brown labile
Photo 6 Surface alterations spaced layers
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Photo 7 Sub vertical fractured sandstone
Photo 8 Overview: re-routing open trench alignment
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Photo 9 Looking backwards from the river bed (open cut alignment)
Photo 10 Looking forward: trough crossing river bed
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Photo 11 Looking forward from river bed
4.5 Geotechnical and hydro-geological considerations

The geotechnical investigations together with the site reconnaissance geological
survey carried out, have led to the following conclusions:
 The area presents a lithological homogeneity that can exclude the possibility
of stratigraphy change within the excavation range related to both the Open
Cut or HDD alignments.
presence of granular conglomerate layers low cemented, (see photo 4) and
with the presence of fractured rocks, (see photo 7), confirmed by the outcrop
and by the boreholes, can represent a significant risk, in case of HDD option,
in terms of blow-out, loss of circulation and drilling mud loss.
 The presence of granular conglomerate in certain layers could create difficulty
in controlling the drill direction, in case of HDD application. A chance of
experiencing drilling fluid loss, due to voids within the change of soil mixture,
is also very high.
 The Geotechnical Laboratory Analysis shows that the values of the UCS
(Uniaxial Compressive Strength), are ≤ 35 MPa and on the borehole logs, the
Point Load Index Is50 are ≤ 2,8 MPa. Those values, associated to a
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weathered grained sandstone, describe rock with low mechanical strength. In

the HDD option the bore has to pass through layers with a lower resistance
(UCS = 19 MPa), where the bore depth is about 10 m. In this case a risk of
soil collapse couldn’t be excluded.
 The layers of siltstone which have been identified on site and in the
boreholes, are too thin and easily alterable to cause a modification of the
hydrological asset in the area and therefore underflows, during the Open Cut
construction method.
 Referring to the Open Cut method, both from the boreholes logs examined,
and the outcrops which are clearly visible in the river bed as well as in the
banks, the presence of remarkable low permeability layers that can be easily
disturbed during the excavation has been excluded.
 The Open Cut method will not alter, in any way, the hydrological asset of the
area, considering the homogeneity of the subsoil which will be affected by
construction, and the absence of low permeability layers that could be
disturbed during construction.
 In case of Open Cut methodology, based on the investigations considered so
far, further direct or indirect investigations, would not add any additional
knowledge respect to the information already acquired.
 Due to the high sensitivity of the HDD methodology to variations of the
geotechnical conditions and considering the uncertain setting of the Baffle
HDD Creek crossing, further direct and indirect geological and geotechnical
investigations are necessary to delineate the eventual best drilling profile.
5. OPEN CUT OPTION
5.1 Open Cut Option Characteristics

The main characteristics of Open Cut Crossing Option are listed bellow:
 Blasting required.
 Optimum trenching time April (prior to wet season).
 If water present will require construction of causeway/minor dam and
flume.
 Space required for Storage of excavated soil and rock. In the Baffle
River crossing area, the ROW width is 30 m, the additional space
required is 45,950 m2. Figure 5 shows the localization of the these
areas.
 Access tracks to both banks.
 No drilling muds required.
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Figure 5 - Additional temporay work areas for Open Trench Option
5.2 Open Cut Method statement

For Open Cut Method statement refer to document No. 3380-SAIP-4-3.3-6074 “Baffle
Creek Crossing Procedure (Open Cut)”
5.3 Open Cut Construction Risks

The installation methodology is not subject to risks. In particular:
 Installation option is not subjet to extra safety risks
 The method is not as sensitive to variation in the geotechnical conditions of the
soil as HDD.
 Instalaltion methodology is not critical for installation failure. Safer and more
friendly for pipe coating.
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6. HORIZONTAL DIRECTIONAL DRILLING OPTION
6.1 Characteristics of HDD option

The main characteristics of HDD of Baffle Creek crossing are listed below:
Profile characteristics
The preliminary design of the HDD crossing is based on the drawing profile attached
in Attachment D. The main geometrical characteristics are the following:
 Entry angle: 8°
 Exit angle: 9°
 Radius of curvature: 1800 m
 Length: 1455 m
 Minimum cover in the creek bed: 10 m
Bentonite mud amounts

HDD methodology requires large amounts of bentonite. Based on typical mud
requirements (volume per linear meter of HDD of 4 m3/m in gravel and sand, and 2.5
m3/m in compact soil and rock), a preliminary estimate indicate that approximately
5,500 m3 to 9,000 m3 of drilling fluid will be required. Typically, approximately 30% of
drilling fluid is recovered in silt and sand, and 70% in compact soil and hard rock.
Hence, a large volume of drilling fluid and drill cuttings will require disposal at the
conclusion of drilling.
Water amounts
Methodology requires large amounts of water to make up the drilling mud and
buoyancy control system. This quantity is variable from 7,000 to 10,000 m3.
Water supply mud treatment and disposal are critical.
Mud returns line

A steel line will be pulled across the Baffle Creek at first and used as mud return line
for drilling the main line. A HDPE duct will be pulled across the Steel line, after the
works and will be used to protect the fibre optic cable.
Drilling
The pilot holes will be drilled with a mud motor and a milled tooth bit. There will be
more or less six reaming passes (e.g.: 18", 24", 34", 40", 48" and 56“, for the
installation of OD 42” pipeline, 56” is the minimum diameter of the hole).
Temporary work areas

We have considered at this stage, that the pilot holes for all crossings will be drilled
from downstream to upstream (see Figure 2). Prior to mobilization, the temporary
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work areas is prepared and enclosed. Typical temporary working areas for H.D.D. are
the following:
 Rig pad area: from 1200 m2 to 4000 m2
 String prefabrication area (on the H.D.D. alignment): 800 m x 30 m (ROW width).
String length is a half of the HDD length, pipe pull-back must be stopped for one
welding work.
Two mud pits of 200/500 m3 capacity each will be excavated for mud storage
purpose.
The rig will be anchored using sheet-piles or concrete wall, perpendicular to the drill
axis, near the entry point.
Temporary access tracks

The access to the Rig area from the exiting road will be built strong enough for heavy
trucks circulation, even during bad weather. The 400-700 tons drilling rig will be
transported at site by trailer.
6.2 Method statement of HDD drilling works
Pilot hole
The pilot hole will be drilled with a with a jet assembly or/and a mud motor, using a
milled tooth bit. The direction of the drilling can be controlled.
A down hole steering probe positioned behind the bit in a non-magnetic housing
monitors the position of the drill. The signal will be then transmitted up the drill string
to a read-out in the control unit. Data collected to be made to record the progress and
position of the pilot hole.
An additional positioning system could be is used for better accuracy of the drilling
(Para-Track system).
Reaming
Upon completion of the pilot hole, the down-hole assembly will be disconnected and
a reaming tool will be connected to the wash pipe. The hole will be back reamed by
rotating the down-hole assembly using the drilling rig. Drill pipes will be continuously
added behind the tool so that there are always drill pipes in the hole.
During reaming, the mud recovered at the pipe side will be pumped back to the rig
site using the mud return line in order to be cleaned and re-used.
Pull back
A swabbing will be carried out prior to the pullback operation. The pulling head will be
welded to the extremity of the product pipe. A launching ramp will be made using
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rollers so that the pipe string will gets the proper entry angle before entering into the
hole.
The pulling head will be connected to a swivel bearing (to prevent the pipeline
turning), a barrel reamer (to ensure that the hole is clear) and to the drill strings.
The pipe string will be continuously pulled back from the rig side by rotating the drill
string into the reamed hole, fully lubricated with the drilling mud. In the meantime,
water will be pumped inside the pipeline, for buoyancy control.
Drilling fluid
The drilling mud has physical characteristics designed to preserve the integrity of the
drilled hole, remove cuttings, and lubricate the bit and the down-hole tools. Bentonite
is used and the mud is fabricated with sweet water (about 40/50 Kg/m3).
During the pilot hole phase, the mud returns at the rig side and is pumped into the
first mud pit. The recycling unit separates the cuttings from the fluid, which is than
transferred into the second pit. The cleaned mud is available again to be pumped into
the hole.
During the back-reaming and pulling operations, most of the fluid returns to the pipe
side. The fluid is cleaned from the sand and pumped back to the rig site using the
mud return line installed prior starting drilling for the pipeline products.
Bentonite is naturally occurring swelling clay, which contains mineral montmorilonite
as a major component. During HDD works, the drilling fluid is carrying away the soil
cuttings. At the end of the job, the remaining fluid and the dry cuttings will be
transported to a rubbish dump.
6.3 Equipment
The following equipment will be mobilised:
Drilling equipment
 Drilling Rig: It consists of a centre beam rack with a carriage moving by pinions
powered by hydraulic motors. Hydraulic rotary motors located on the carriage
provide the necessary rotary power to a power sub. A specially designed thrust
box is incorporated to isolate the rotary motors from the pull and thrust forces
required to drill and install pipelines. The soundproofed Power Packs provides
sufficient horsepower to the Rig.
 Control Unit: The Control Unit is specially designed and manufactured to serve
as the operator's station for the Drill Rig system. A Control Unit consists of a
container. The driller's console consists of controllers to operate the drilling
carriage, hydraulic pressure gauges for monitoring torque, pull and push, speed,
mud flow and mud pressure.
 Drilling Fluid Mixing Unit: it is specially designed and manufactured to mix and
supply drilling fluid for the Drill Rig. The Drilling Fluid Mixing Unit consists of a
tank complete with piping, manifolds, electrical submersible pumps, agitating
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fans, and mixing hoppers complete with all necessary piping. The unit, skid
mounted is designed and piped to mix and pump drilling fluid simultaneously.
 Two High Pressure Pumping Units: The Drilling Fluid Pumping Unit consists of
two triplex pumps, powered by a diesel engine. Each unit is container mounted,
and comes complete with an electrical panel, automatic shutdown system, torque
converter etc.
 Pumps: In order to insure all fluid transfers. The pumps are capable of a
maximum flow rate. They are also used in case of frac-out.
 Drilling Fluid Recycling Unit: The Drilling Fluid Recycling Unit is specially
designed and manufactured to clean and reprocess the drilling fluids. This
Recycling Unit consists of desanding and desilting units. These self-contained
units utilise electric powered centrifugal pump to process the drilling fluid through
the various stages.
 Mud return pumps
 Crane for handling the drill pipes.
 Rollers
 Container workshop.
 Container with spare parts
Down-hole equipment
 Guidance system: Consisting of a magnetic guidance system probe, with remote
units, a driller’s console, a computer and a printer.
 Non-magnetic drill pipe: Consisting of two stainless steel non-magnetic joints,
and one non-magnetic collar, these pipes will be used as housings for the
guidance probe.
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 Drill pipe: Drill pipes are necessary to achieve these crossings.

 Drilling assembly: consists of a jetting assembly and/or a mud motor, equipped
with Milled Tooth / rock drilling bit and one pressure sub.
 Reamers: Specific Barrel Reamers are necessary to enlarge the holes and pull
the pipe strings.
 Swivel: Swivel are used for the connection between the pull head and the drilling
string to avoid the product pipe rotation during pulling.
6.4 Horizontal Directional Drilling Construction Risks (General)

[extract from: North American Society for Trenchless Technology, No-Dig Show 2012,
Nashville TN March 11-15, 2012 Paper E-4-01 “Investigation of Horizontal Directional
Drilling Construction Risks”]
Referring to the bibliography published, in general, the most important risk events
than can be verified during the HDD construction are the following:
1. Frac-out. An event in which drilling fluid has escaped the confines of the
borehole and has come to surface.
2. Collapsing Soil / Lost Hole. An event in which a section of the borehole has
collapsed resulting in a loss of a section of the borehole.
3. Loss of Circulation. An event in which drilling fluid has stopped flowing to either
the entry or exit point but is being lost into the ground with no inadvertent flow to
surface (frac-out).
4. High Annular Pressure. An event in which the drill bit is tripped back or
completely out of the borehole in an attempt to clean the borehole and lower the
annular pressure.
5. Tripping to Clean/Gauge Hole. An event in which the drill bit or reamer was
tripped out of the borehole to mechanically clean the cuttings from the borehole
and/or gauge the borehole.
6. Stuck in hole. An event in which the drill pipe is stuck in the borehole.
7. Flow to Exit. An event in which remedial action is taken in response to drilling
fluid flowing to exit.
8. Drilling Fluid / Solids Control Work. An event in which production or event
remediation cannot proceed until the drilling fluid in built or modified, or until
solids (cuttings) have been cleaned out of the holding area.
9. Hung Up on Casing. An event in which the BHA or the product line will not enter
the casing when casing has been installed.
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10. Damaged Product line. An event in which the product line or product line
coating has been damaged to the point that redial action must be taken.
11. Product line Stuck in Hole. An event in which the product line has become
stuck in the hole and cannot be pulled any further toward the entry point.
Other events depend on the errors in the positional data, failures in the equipment,
wait on equipment / services, etc. Some of those events are listed below:
 Inspect/change Bottom Hole Assembly. An event which the bottom hole
assembly (BHA) was ripped out of the borehole to inspect or change some
aspect of the Bottom Hole Assembly, usually the drill bit or reamer.
 Wait on Vacuum Truck. An event in which production (active drilling or reaming
operations for example) have been stopped while waiting for drilling fluid to be
recovered from a frac location or from exit side. This event may also apply to
waiting for a vacuum truck to empty holding pits or holding tanks that are full of
water, drilling fluid or solids that have been produced from the borehole.
 Wireline/Steering/Pressure Tools Failure. An event in which a component of
the navigation or annular pressure system has stopped working and has to be
tripped out of the borehole for repair or replacement.
 Downhole Tooling Failure. An event in which the drill pipe or a component of
the BHA has suffered a catastrophic failure or rapid degradation failure that does
not represent normal and managed wear and tear.
 Unscheduled Maintenance / Repair of surface Equipment
 Wait on Others.
 Wait on Equipment / Services.
 Pilot Hole Out of Specification / Directional Rework.
 Wait on Water.
 Weather related Delay
 Water production
6.5 Risk assessment for HDD Baffle River crossing

With reference to the items described in section 4.5 and 5.1 and the potential risk
events described in the above section, the HDD methodology for Baffle River
crossing is considered associated with an EXTREME RISK profile because of the
high possibility that the following events may occur.
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Events: Product line Stuck in Hole / Stuck in hole

 Extreme risk of drilling blockage/upsets due to the length of the HDD (L= 1455 m
minimum) and large diameter of the hole (minimum 56”).
 High Risk of blockage due to discontinuous pipe pull back operation due to the
welding operations to connect the two string sections and to relevant length of
the pipe string. Contingency measures could be adopted (eg.: Provision of a Pipe
Thruster)
Events: Frac-out / Loss of Circulation

 High risk for blow-out of bentonite at the banks due to the presence of weathered
and fractured sandstone.
 The section in correspondance of creek bed is considered at extreme risk of
blow-out due to the reduced hole coverage. This could lead to bentonite leakage
in surface. Higher depth require longer HDD lengths.
presence of low cemented granular conglomerate layers, and with the presence
Events: Stuck in hole Lost / Collapsing Soil / Lost Hole

 The presence of granular conglomerate in certain layers could create difficulty in
controlling the drill direction.
Events: Loss of circulation / Drilling Fluid / Solids Control Work

 A chance of experiencing loss of drilling fluid, due to the voids within the change
of soil mixture, is also very high.
Events: Collapsing Soil

The bore has to pass through layers with a lower resistance (UCS = 19 Mpa). In
this case a risk of soil collapse couldn’t be excluded.
Event: Damaged Product line

 Extreme risk of damage to the pipe coating when crossing rocky soil.
Event: Wait on Water / Water production

water supply and treatment are critical.
In addition, other criticalities are:
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 Two HDD drilling are required (the first for pipeline installation and the second for
FOC cable installation).
 HDD method is very sensitive to variations in the geotechnical conditions.
Additional geotechnical investigations are necessary to delineate the eventual
best drilling profile.
7 RECOMANDATIONS
Based on the assessment of technical and construction risks, the HDD option for
Baffle River Crossing, at the Eastern Alignment (original ROW), is considered
associated with an EXTREME RISK profile for the following reasons:
 Extreme risk of drilling blockage/upsets due to the length of the HDD, to the large
diameter of the hole and to the discontinuous pipe pull back operation due to the
welding operations.
 High risk of bentonite frac-out at the banks due to the presence of weathered and
fractured sandstone. The depth below the creek bed is considered at extreme
risk of frac-out with bentonite leakage in surface of the creek bed.
presence of low cemented granular conglomerate layers, and with the presence
The bore has to pass through layers with a lower resistance. In this case
couldn’t be excluded a risk of soil collapse.
 Extreme risk of damage to the pipe coating due to presence of rock.
water supply and treatment are critical.
In addition, other criticalities are:

 Two HDD drilling are required (one being for FOC installation).
From a technical and constructability perspective, the crossing of Baffle Creek with
Open Cut method on the Western Alignment is not subject to relevant risks. In
particular:
 The method is not as sensitive to variability ofthe geotechnical conditions as
HDD.
 Instalaltion methodology is not critical for installation failure.
 Safer and more friendly for pipe coating.
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Table 4 summarizes the identified potential and residual construction risks associated
with each potential watercourse crossing methods (open cut and HDD).
In conclusion, the HDD methodology is considered technically not acceptable

because associated to an EXTREME RISK profile. The crossing of Baffle Creek with
Open Cut method is the preferred option proposed.
options. Open Trench
H.D.D.
Risks
Suitability of soil geotechnical
conditions
Block drilling risk due to the
trenchless lenght
Blow out risk due to soil
geomechanical characteristics
Unexpected geotechnal conditions
Temporary Environmental impact in
the working areas
Working safety
Pipeline installation failure (coating
damage)
Permit / Approval
Re-routing of pipeline route

Suitablity of pipe string temporary
area
Difficulty of access to yard area
(Drilling Rig side)
Suitability of Pipeline ailigment
Equpments procurement (mounths)

(6?)
KEY (Degree of
Timeframes (mounths)
(3) (3,5) Criticality)
Presence of water on the river in dry
season Low
Complexity construction using open
cut Moderate
High
Synthetic Degree of Criticality Extreme
Table 4 - Qualitative risk analysis for HDD and Open Cut options
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8 ATTACHMENTS
Attachment A Engineering Log - Cored Boreholes BCBH01 and BCBH02A
Attachment B Engineering Log - Excavation of test-pits.
Attachment C Summary of the laboratory tests performed both boreholes and test
pits.
Attachment D Baffle Creek Crossing KP 20.569. Horizontal Directional Drilling
preliminary profile.
APPENDIX H – Field Monitoring Sheets
FIELD DATA SHEET FOR WATERCOURSES
PART A
Location Information (as per Watercourse Crossing Register (WCR))
Watercourse Name: Field Persons Name:
KP: Easting: Northing:
Stream Order: Aquatic Value:
Rainfall over the prev. week (mm): Rainfall over the prev. month (mm):
Rainfall estimated based on gauge (name & ID no.):
Geomorphology
Defined Banks Present? Yes / No
Bankfull Width (from top of bank to top of bank) (m):
1
Right Bank Height (m) : Left Bank Height (m):
Low flow channel width (m):
Bank Condition
Bank erosion present (if so, describe condition & any apparent causes):
Does the erosion appear to be active / ongoing? Yes / No

Bank erosion rating (magnitude and linear extent) (circle below):
Extreme Significant Moderate Limited
Creek substratum (estimate of composition):
Bedrock % Pebbles (16-64mm) % Silt/clay (<1mm) %
Boulders (>256mm) % Gravel (4-16mm) %
Cobbles (64-256mm) % Sand (1-4mm) %
Bank material appears dispersive or sodic:
Is there evidence of sedimentation? If so, please describe:
1
Right and left bank are determined by facing the direction of the pipeline increasing KP distance. For example if between
KP37 and KP38 – face toward KP38 to determine the right and left banks.
1
Riparian Vegetation Condition
Width of riparian zone right bank (m): Left bank (m):
Riparian vegetation composition (see below):
Grass/reads: % Shrubs: % Trees (<10m): % Trees (>10m): %
Canopy Cover (see below)
Right top of bank: % At channel invert: % Left top of bank: %
Coverage of trailing vegetation (i.e. in contact with the water):
Extensive Moderate Slight/Minimal Nil
Site Photographs
Photo: File Name:
Facing North (1)
Facing Left Bank (2)
Facing Upstream (3)
Facing Right Bank (4)
Facing Downstream (5)
From edge of Riparian on left (6)
From edge of Riparian on right (7)
Site Sketch
Aquatic Vegetation Condition

Coverage benthic algae:
None Small amount Moderate Extensive

Algae present:
Macrophytes:
Emergent None Small amount Moderate Extensive
Submerged None Small amount Moderate Extensive
Floating at surface None Small amount Moderate Extensive
Aquatic Life (Category A and at crossing location ONLY)
Watercourse inspected by certified Aquatic Ecologist, please provide date and ecologist details:
Water Monitoring (Crossing location ONLY)

Total Suspended Solids Laboratory Sample to be collected:
2
FIELD DATA SHEET FOR HIGH VALUE WATERCOURSES
PART B
Field Persons Name:
Date: Time:
Weather: Cloud Cover (%):
Rainfall last 24 hrs (mm): Rainfall last 72 hrs (mm):
General Description
All details (of location and surrounds) with potential to affect in stream conditions:
Crossing Location:
50 m Upstream:
50 m Downstream:
GPS Monitoring Locations -

Crossing Location 50 m Upstream 50 m Downstream
Easting
Northing
Site Photography
Instream conditions at
monitoring location
Instream conditions
facing upstream
Instream conditions
facing downstream
Watercourse conditions
Flow
2 SP LF AF HF FF SP LF AF HF FF SP LF AF HF FF
conditions
Aquatic
Fauna
present
2
SP = Stagnant/Pond, LF = Low Flow, AF = Average Flow, HF = High Flow, FF = Flood Flow
3
Water monitoring type: Preconstruction Monitoring During Construction Monitoring Post Construction Monitoring
Crossing Location 50m Upstream 50m Downstream

Parameter
Rep 1 Rep 2 Rep 3 Mean Rep 1 Rep 2 Rep 3 Mean Rep 1 Rep 2 Rep 3 Mean
Depth (m)
Temp (C)
pH
Conduc-tivity
(uS/cm)
DO (%
saturation)
Turbidity
(NTU)
Notes on
water quality
- Appears turbid
- Floc present
- Oily sheen
4
APPENDIX I – Addendum Aquatic Assessment for Revised Dawson River
(Downstream)Crossing
ACN 002 895 007
ABN 72 002 895 007
Unit 1/7 Grant Street

Cleveland Q 4163
Australia
P 07 3286 3850
F 07 3821 7936
E info@frcenv.com.au
www.frcenv.com.au
1 August 2013 Our Reference: 130422Lii
Nicole Gibson
Environmental Consultant Pipeline
Santos GLNG
GPO Box 1010
Brisbane QLD 4001
Dear Nicole,
Re: Aquatic Values Assessment at KP234 – Dawson River
frc environmental were commissioned by Santos GLNG to undertake an assessment of

aquatic ecosystem values at site KP234 on the Dawson River, where there is a proposed
field design change to the gas transmission pipeline (GTP) crossing location. The aquatic
ecology survey included an assessment of:
⋅ aquatic habitat
⋅ water quality measured in situ
⋅ aquatic plants
⋅ macroinvertebrates
⋅ fish, and
⋅ turtles.
The methods used for this survey were the same as those used in previous surveys of
aquatic ecology for the Santos GTP project (frc environmental 2012). An assessment of
the aquatic values of the Dawson River region are also presented in frc environmental
2012. This report presents the findings of the aquatic values assessment at the revised
KP234 crossing on the Dawson River, and includes the site assessment sheet for this
location (Attachment A).
frc environmental
Aquatic Habitat
The condition of aquatic habitat was assessed using two approaches:
⋅ the Australian River Assessment System (AUSRIVAS) protocol described in the

Queensland AUSRIVAS Sampling and Processing Manual (DNRM 2001), and
⋅ the habitat bioassessment scoring method (DNRM 2001).
Results for the habitat condition assessment, along with photographs, are presented in
Attachment A, and show that:
⋅ grazing was the dominant land use surrounding the site, and there was evidence
of cattle access to the watercourse and some minor localised erosion
⋅ water flow was moderate, and the site consisted of a flowing section of river
connected to a large pool upstream and flowing reaches downstream
⋅ the channel pattern at the site was mildly sinuous
⋅ the substrate was a mix of silt / clay and sand, with an extensive sandy bank on
the eastern side (right bank)
⋅ the riparian vegetation was dominated by native trees (e.g. eucalypts) with an
understorey of grasses and introduced weeds, including parthenium weed
(Parthenium hysterophorus), which is a declared Class 2 pest in Queensland and
a Weed of National Significance, and
⋅ in-stream habitat included deep and shallow pools, riffles and runs, large woody
debris and undercut banks.
The bioassessment score was 103 out of a possible 135, which indicates good habitat
condition. This was due to:
⋅ excellent available habitat cover
⋅ excellent flow and depth variation at the site
⋅ excellent stream side vegetation cover
⋅ good bank stability, and
⋅ limited scouring and deposition of the bed.
Aquatic Values Assessment at KP234 – Dawson River 2

frc environmental
Water Quality
Water quality was measured in situ, for the following parameters:
⋅ pH
⋅ electrical conductivity
⋅ dissolved oxygen, and
⋅ turbidity.
The water quality results were compared with the water quality objectives (WQOs)
scheduled under the Environmental Protection (Water) Policy 2009 (EPP Water) for
waterways in the Dawson River Sub-basin (DERM 2011).
Most water quality parameters complied with the WQO, with the exception of electrical
conductivity, which was 70 µS/cm higher than the WQO (Table 1) .
Table 1 Results for water quality measured in situ at site KP234.
Electrical
Temperature DO (%
Sampling date Conductivity Turbidity (NTU) pH
(°C) saturation)
(µS/cm)
WQO! –! 85–110! < 340! < 50! 6.5–8.5!

22/06/13! 13.4! 102! 410! 14.7! 7.8!
Grey shading indicates where the result exceeded the WQO
Aquatic Plants
The aquatic plant community at the site was assessed along a 100 m reach of the stream
and adjacent bank (50 m upstream and downstream of the proposed pipeline crossing).
Plants were identified to species where possible, and the following were recorded:
⋅ taxonomic richness
⋅ percent cover (% of substrate (bed or bank) covered by each aquatic species)
⋅ growth form of each species (submerged, floating (free-floating or rooted) and

emergent)
⋅ whether the plant was native or introduced to Australia, and

frc environmental
⋅ whether the plant was listed under State or Commonwealth legislation.
The aquatic plant survey showed that:
⋅ no aquatic plants were recorded from within the water
⋅ five species of native emergent aquatic plant had moderate cover on the banks
(adjacent to water):
− common rush, Juncus usitatus (25 % cover)
− mat rush, Lomandra sp. (18 % cover)
− sedge, Cyperus sp. (8 % cover)
− yellow eclipta, Eclipta platyglosaa (3 % cover)
− smart weed, Persicaria sp. (1 % cover), and
⋅ no introduced or conservation significant aquatic plants were at the site.
Macroinvertebrates
Benthic macroinvertebrates were assessed by collecting five quantitative samples in both

bed and edge habitats. Samples were sorted and macroinvertebrates were identified to
the family level, and the following indices were calculated:
⋅ total abundance
⋅ total taxonomic richness
⋅ total PET richness, and
⋅ total SIGNAL 2 scores.
Taxonomic richness, PET richness and SIGNAL 2 scores, based on data pooled for all
five samples, were assessed against the biological WQOs scheduled under the
Environmental Protection (Water) Policy 2009 (EPP Water) for waterways in the Dawson
River Sub-basin (DERM 2011). While the WQOs are based on samples collected using
AUSRIVAS techniques, meaning the results are not directly comparable, this still provides
a good indication of the current condition of the site.
Results of the macroinvertebrate survey (Table 2) showed:

frc environmental
⋅ total taxonomic richness was higher than the WQO in bed and edge habitats,
indicating a very diverse macroinvertebrate community at the site, including
insects, crustaceans and molluscs
⋅ PET richness complied with the WQO in bed and edge habitats
⋅ the total SIGNAL-2 score for edge habitat complied with the WQO, and
⋅ the total SIGNAL-2 score for bed habitat was above the WQO, indicating that the
macroinvertebrate community has a relatively high number of sensitive taxa.
Table 2 Results for macroinvertebrate communities at site KP234.
Bed Habitat! Edge Habitat!

Index!
WQO! Total! WQO! Total!
Total abundance! –! 470! –! 338!
Total taxonomic richness! 12–21! 29! 23–33! 34!
Total PET richness! 2–5! 5! 2–5! 5!
Total SIGNAL-2! 3.33–3.85! 4.40! 3.31–4.20! 3.75!

Blue shading indicates where the result is higher than the WQO
Fish
Freshwater fish communities were surveyed using a combination of boat electrofishing

(1212 seconds) and baited traps (17.5 hours) (Table 4). The following indices were
calculated at each site:
⋅ total abundance (total number of individuals caught at the site)
⋅ species richness (total number of species caught at the site)
⋅ abundance at each life-history stage
⋅ proportion and abundance of exotic species, and
⋅ abundance of listed protected species.
The fish survey (Table 3, Figure 1) showed:
⋅ five species of native fish were caught, and each had low abundance
⋅ adult, intermediate and juvenile life history stages were caught, but no one species
had individuals of all life history stage, and

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⋅ no introduced or conservation significant species were caught.
Table 3 Results for species richness and abundance of fish at site KP234.
Boat Baited box

Species! Common name! Total!
electrofishing! traps!
Hypseleotris sp.! carp gudgeon! –! 1! 1!
Macquaria ambigua! golden perch! 3! –! 3!
Amniataba percoides! barred grunter! 2! –! 2!

Leiopotherapon unicolor! spangled perch! 1! –! 1!
Mogurnda adspersa! purple spotted gudgeon! 1! –! 1!
Total! –! 7! 1! 8!
adult
intermediate
3 juvenile
Life-history Stage Abundance
0
Hypseleotris sp. Macquaria ambigua Amniataba percoides Leiopotherapon Mogurnda adspersa
unicolor
Figure 1 Life history stage of fish at site KP234.

frc environmental
Table 4 Fishing and fish trapping effort at site KP234.
Site Method Habitat Date Time In Time Out Settings Effort
KP234a! box! pool! 22/06/13! 9:00! 12:30! –! 17.5 h!
opera! pool! 22/06/13! 9:15! 12:30! –! 17.5 h!
boat pool! 22/06/13! 10:00! 10:45! 200 V 1212 s!

electrofishing!
30 Hz
12%!
Turtles
Five baited turtle traps (cathedral traps) were set at the site for four hours (20 hours total
effort) and no turtles were caught. However, Krefft’s River Turtle (Emydura macquarii
krefftii) was caught in the 2012 survey in the large pool immediately upstream of the site,
and it is likely that saw shelled turtle (Myuchelys latisternum) inhabits this section of the
Dawson River, as they are widespread and common in the region. Furthermore, the field
survey showed that preferred habitat types of Fitzroy River turtle (Rheodytes leukops),
including preferred breeding habitats (i.e. large sandy banks adjacent to pool and riffle
habitats) occurred at the site (although the sandy bank at the site was moderately
impacted by cattle trampling.
Description of Aquatic Values
The field survey, literature reviews and database searches were used to inform the
assessment of aquatic value for site KP234. Four categories of aquatic value (High,
Moderate, Low, Negligible) were used in the Aquatic Values Assessment, as described in
frc environmental 2012 and shown in Attachment B.
Site KP234 was assessed as having High Aquatic Value, because:
⋅ database searches show that conservation significant aquatic species (i.e. Fitzroy
River turtle, Rheodytes leukops) could occur at the site
⋅ the field survey showed that preferred habitat types of Fitzroy River turtle,
including preferred breeding habitats (i.e. large sandy banks adjacent to pool and
riffle habitats) occurred at the site (although the sandy bank at the site was
moderately impacted by cattle trampling), and

frc environmental
⋅ database searches showed that endangered Regional Ecosystems (REs) occurred

in the riparian zone (i.e. REs 11.3.2 and 11.3.1).
The proposed crossing location at site KP234 has the same Aquatic Value as the original
crossing location, which is located a short distance upstream from site KP234 (i.e. both
the original and the proposed crossing locations have High Aquatic Values).
Recommendations
While site KP234 contains preferred breeding habitat for Fitzroy River turtle, impacts to
Fitzroy River turtle can be mitigated were the breeding season (September to October) is
avoided during construction. Furthermore, as the sandy bank is currently impacted by
cattle trampling, there is an opportunity to consider fencing cattle off from the likely nesting
sites of Fitzroy River turtle to off-set potential impacts to these habitats caused by
construction.
It is recommended that the generic impact mitigation measures, as outlined in Section 4.2
of frc environmental 2012, are implemented, in accordance with the Aquatic Values
Management Plan. Mitigating measures for complex crossings, outlined in
frc environmental 2012 should also be implemented, including pre-clearance surveys for
Fitzroy River turtle prior to construction.
Nicole, please don’t hesitate to contact me if you have any questions.
Yours sincerely
Dr Ben Cook,
on behalf of frc environmental
References
DERM, 2010, Fitzroy Natural Resource Management Region, Back on Track Actions for
Biodiversity, Department of Environment and Resource Management, Brisbane.

frc environmental
DERM, 2011. Environmental Protection (Water) Policy 2009 – Dawson River Sub-basin
Environmental Values and Water Quality Objectives Basin No. 130 (part),
including all waters of the Dawson River Sub-basin except the Callide Creek
Catchment September 2011. Department of Environment and Resource
Management.
DNRM, 2001. Queensland Australian River Assessment System (AUSRIVAS) Sampling

and Processing Manual. Queensland Department of Natural Resources and
Mines, Rocklea.
frc environmental, 2012, Gladstone Liquefied Natural Gas (GLNG) Pipeline Project:
Aquatic Values Assessment Major Watercourses KP200-KP406, 3380-GLNG-4-
1.3-0084, report prepared for Santos GLNG.

frc environmental
Attachment A: Site Assessment Sheet
Aquatic Values Assessment at KP234 – Dawson River A1

Coordinates (Zone 55J, WGS 84) Aerial Photograph of KP
KP234.0
Catchment: Dawson River Easting Northing
788651.15 7294513.71
Stream Order and Geomorphology
Stream Order 8
Mildly sinuous channel, average 8 m wide with grazing the dominant surrounding land use. Flow is perennial, and had
moderate flow at the time of survey although water level was below the watermark (about 1.5 – 2.0 m deep). The left
bank was high and steep with convex slopes; the right bank was steep in sections though not has high, and it also had
extensive areas of sandy bank. Overall bank stability was moderate. The channel substrate had low compaction and
was composed of predominantly sand, silt / clay and some gravel and pebbles. Moura weir approximately 10 km
upstream of site.
Erosion Risk
Moderate. Moderate channel disturbance. Evidence of cattle access and clearing of vegetation from erosion prone
soils.
Riparian Vegetation
Relatively wide riparian zone, 20 m on both the left and right bank, composed of extensive shrubs, small and large
trees, moderate grass and some bare ground. Native trees consisted of eucalypts and Callistemon sp. and there were
some exotic species present (mainly pastoral weeds, parthenium and Mexican daisy). Half the wetted area of the river
channel was shaded by riparian vegetation, and there was little trailing bank vegetation.
Aquatic Flora and Fauna, Including Breeding Habitat

Moderate diversity of aquatic flora including Juncus sp., Cyperus sp. and Persicaria sp.. Native fish included
Hypseleotris sp. (carp gudgeon), Macquaria ambigua (golden perch), Amniataba percoides (barred grunter),
Leiopotherapon unicolor (spangled perch), and Mogurnda adspersa (purple spotted gudgeon). Some freshwater
prawns were caught. Structural habitat included aquatic plants, deep pools, riffles, large woody debris and undercut
banks.
Endangered / Vulnerable / Rare (EVR) Flora and Fauna

Likely habitat, including breeding habitat, for Fitzroy River turtle (Rheodytes leukops)
Aquatic Values
Habitat Bioassessment Score: 103 (Good)
Macroinvertebrate Richness: 29 (bed); 34 (edge)
Macroinvertebrate PET Richness: 5 (bed); 5 (edge)
Macroinvertebrate SIGNAL 2 Score: 4.40 (bed); 3.75 (edge)
Level of Disturbance: moderate
Overall Aquatic Values:

Dry Season: High
Wet Season: High
Waterway Barrier Works:

4 - Major (Purple) – will require development approval from DAFF
Mitigation and Management Measures

Apply all standard mitigation and management measures as summarised in the AVMP.
Apply the following specific management measures:
Timing Constraints
Dry season works (Avoid during Fitzroy River turtle breeding season, i.e. September / October)
Site-specific Pipeline Construction Methods and Mitigation Measures

If workspace is isolated and there is water present, fish and other aquatic fauna salvage required. Implement water
quality monitoring (temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen and turbidity). Replace bed material and
in-stream habitat (e.g. large woody debris) when construction complete.
Site-specific Access Track Construction Methods and Mitigation Measures

Avoid if possible. Multi-span bridge or large box culverts. Implement temporary and permanent erosion control
measures and rehabilitate as per the AVMP.
Downstream Upstream
Left Bank
Right Bank
frc environmental
Attachment B: Categories and Descriptions of Aquatic Value
High Value
Where field investigations and / or literature searches indicated that conservation

significant species were present. Conservation significant species are those listed in the
Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and / or the Nature
Conservation Act 1992, and / or those species listed as priority species in the Fitzroy
Natural Resource Management Region Back on Track Actions for Biodiversity document
(DERM 2010).
Where field investigations and / or literature searches indicated that preferred habitats for
conservation species were present. The preferred habitat for conservation significant
species was assessed using a combination of:
⋅ habitat condition [e.g. the Bioassessment scores method (DNRM 2001)
⋅ levels of disturbance (e.g. erosion, riparian vegetation condition)
⋅ likely occurrence based on distribution (e.g. using appropriate literature and

database searches, e.g. the Protected Matters Report Tool, DEHPs Wildlife Online
database, and HERBRECS), and
⋅ relevant habitat features (e.g. pools, riffles and sandy banks for Fitzroy River turtle,
Tucker et al. 2001; in-stream habitat and connectivity for freshwater fish, including
undercut banks, substrate characteristics, large woody debris).
Moderate Value
Where field investigations indicated the presence of aquatic habitat and non-conservation
significant aquatic life, but where field investigations and / or literature searches indicated
no conservation significant species or habitats for conservation significant species were
present.
Aquatic life included:
⋅ submerged and / or floating attached aquatic plants
⋅ native freshwater fish (such as rainbowfish, spangled perch, glass perchlets,

purple spotted gudgeons), and
⋅ aquatic invertebrates (including crayfish, shrimps, snails, mussels, and insects).
Aquatic Values Assessment at KP234 – Dawson River B1

frc environmental
Life history stage (i.e. juvenile, intermediate, adult) was recorded for freshwater fish to
indicate if the site provided breeding habitat.
Aquatic habitat was assessed using:
⋅ habitat condition (e.g. the Bioassessment scores method (DNRM 2001))
⋅ levels of disturbance (e.g. erosion, riparian vegetation condition), and
⋅ habitat features (e.g. pools, riffles, undercut banks, substrate characteristics, large
woody debris).
Low Value
Where field investigations indicated the presence of dry seam beds, without aquatic fauna
and submerged aquatic plants.
Emergent aquatic plants, such as sedges and nardoo, may be have been present.
Field investigations also indicated the presence of structural habitat elements, including:
⋅ woody debris
⋅ cobbles, and / or
⋅ undercut banks.
Habitat condition was determined using:
⋅ the Bioassessment scores method (DNRM 2001), noting that this method was
developed for perennial streams, and
⋅ levels of disturbance (e.g. erosion, riparian vegetation condition).
Negligible Value
Where field investigations indicated:
⋅ an absence of aquatic habitats, and
⋅ an absence of aquatic life (e.g. no aquatic fauna or aquatic plants, including no

sedges).

frc environmental
Habitat condition was typically poor:
⋅ Low Bioassessment Scores (DNRM 2001), and
⋅ High levels of disturbance (e.g. extensive erosion, no riparian vegetation).

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APPENDIX F – Design and Construction Drawings

WORK AREA (WIDTH 30.0m)

STANDARD ROW (WIDTH 30.0 - 40.0m)

WORK AREAS LIMIT DURING PIPELINE CROSSING CONSTRUCTION

TOP SOIL TOP SOIL

WORK AREA LIMIT

TYPICAL STANDARD FOR

WORK AREA (WIDTH 30.0m)

STANDARD ROW (WIDTH 30.0 - 40.0m)

MUD, SNAGS, MUD, SNAGS,

WORK AREA LIMIT

STOCKPILES WILL BE LOCATED NO LESS THAN 10 m FROM THE TOP OF BANK.

WORK AREA (WIDTH 30.0m)

STANDARD ROW (WIDTH 30.0 - 40.0m)

WORK AREAS LIMIT DURING PIPELINE CROSSING CONSTRUCTION

MUD, SNAGS, MUD, SNAGS,

WOODY DEBRIS WOODY DEBRIS

TOP SOIL TOP SOIL

DECK MUST BE SEALED TO

EXPECTED LOADS 06/10/12

WORK AREA WIDTH 30.0m

STANDARD ROW (WIDTH 30-40m)

CONTROL MAY VARY DUE TO SITE CONDITIONS.

TOP SOIL TOP SOIL

WORK AREA LIMIT

STANDARD ROW (30.0 - 40.0m)

SECTION A-A' DATE:

WORK AREA (WIDTH 30.0m)

STANDARD ROW (WIDTH 30-40m)

WOODY DEBRIS WOODY DEBRIS

WORK AREA LIMIT

STANDARD ROW (30.0 - 40.0m)

SECTION A - A' TEMPORARY ACCESS WAY. CONSTRUCTIVE TYPOLOGIES DESCRIBED

WORK AREA (WIDTH 30.0m)

STANDARD ROW (WIDTH 30.0 - 40.0m)

TEMPORARY TRACK FLOW PIPES PLACED ON LOWEST VARIABLE

1. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN METERS UNLESS NOTED OTHERWISE.DRAWING NOT TO SCALE.

WOODY DEBRIS WOODY DEBRIS

WORK AREA LIMIT

WATER LEVEL BACK FILLING TO USE

WORK AREA (WIDTH 30.0m)

STANDARD ROW (WIDTH 30.0 - 40.0m)

VARIABLE TEMPORARY TRACK

MUD, SNAGS, MUD, SNAGS,

TOP SOIL WOODY DEBRIS WOODY DEBRIS TOP SOIL

TYPE 2 "NO GO ZONE" BUFFER TYPE 2

10.0m LENGTH VARIABLE 10.0m

WORKING AREA PLAN VIEW

WORK AREA LIMIT

WORK AREA LIMIT

WORK AREA (WIDTH 30.0m)

STANDARD ROW (WIDTH 30-40m)

VARIABLE 15.0 - 25.0m

WATERCOURSE WORK AREA 30.0m

WORK AREA LIMIT

STANDARD ROW (30.0 - 40.0m)

WORK AREA (WIDTH 30.0m)

STANDARD ROW (WIDTH 30-40m)

DIVERSION BERM DESIGN DEPTH

TEMPORARY TRACK 18.0 - 22.0m

MUD, SNAGS, MUD, SNAGS,

TOP SOIL WOODY DEBRIS WOODY DEBRIS

"NO GO ZONE" BUFFER