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ANSIIAGMA 9005-094
AGMA STANDARD
Industrial Gear Lubrication
ANSVAGMA 9005-D94
(Revision of AGMA 250.04 and AGMA 251.02)
Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due
process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer.
Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial
agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means
much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and
objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution.
The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect
preclude anyone, whether he has approved thestandardsor not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing,
or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards.
The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an
interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to
issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards
Institute. Requests for interpretation of this standard should be addressed to the American Gear
Manufacturers Association.
CAUTION NOTICE: AGMA Standards are subject to constant improvement, revision, or withdrawal as
dictated by experience. Any person who refers to any AGMA Technical Publication should be sure that the
publication is the latest available from the Association on the subject matter.
[Tables or other self-supporting sections may be quoted or extracted in their entirety. Credit lines should read:
Extracted from ANSVAGMA 9005-D94, /ndustria/ Gear L ubricafion with the permission of the publisher, the
American Gear Manufacturers Association, 1500 King Street, Suite 201, Alexandria, Virginia 223141.
Approved August 1, 1994
American National Standards Institute, Inc.
ABSTRACT
This standard provides lubrication guidelines for enclosed and open gearing which is installed in general
industrial power transmission applications. It is not intended to supplant specific instructions from the gear
manufacturer.
Published by
ISBN: l-55589-8324
ii
Contents Page
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
1 Scope ................................................................................ 1
2 References ........................................................................... 1
3 Lubricant classifications ................................................................ 1
3.1 Types of lubricants ..................................................................... 1
3.2 Lubricant viscosity ..................................................................... 5
4 Lubricantspecifications ................................................................ 5
5 Applications .......................................................................... 5
5.1 Operating conditions ................................................................... 5
5.2 Methods of application ................................................................. 7
5.3 Lubricantselection .................................................................... 11
6 Lubrication system maintenance ....................................................... 11
6.1 Initial lubricant change period .......................................................... 11
6.2 Subsequent lubricant change interval ................................................... 11
6.3 Cleaningandflushing ................................................................. 12
6.4 Protectivecoatings ................................................................... 12
6.5 Filtration ............................................................................. 12
6.6 Intermittent operation ................................................................. 12
6.7 Geartoothwear ...................................................................... 12
Tables
1 Minimum physical and performance specification for R & 0 gear lubricants (including
compounded gear lubricants) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Minimum physical and performance specification for extreme pressure gear lubricants . . . . . . . . . 3
Minimum physical and performance specification for synthetic gear lubricants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
ViscosityrangesforAGMAlubricants .... ........ .. ............. ............... ......... . 6
AGMA Lubricant number guidelines for enclosed helical, herringbone, straight bevel, spiral
bevelandspurgeardrives.............................................................. 8
AGMA Lubricant number guidelines for enclosed cylindrical wormgear drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
AGMA Lubricant number guidelines for enclosed double enveloping wormgear drives . . . . . . . . . . 9
AGMA Lubricant number guidelines for open gearing (continuous method of application) . . . . . . . 9
AGMA Lubricant number guidelines for open gearing intermittent applications [where gear
pitch line velocity does not exceed 7.5 meters per second (1500 ft/min)] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
10 Lubricant quantity guidelines for intermittent methods of application: automatic, semi-automatic,
hand spray, gravity feed or forced drip systems [where gear pitch line velocity does not exceed
7.5 meters persecond (1500ftImin)j . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Annexes
A Elastohydrodynamic lubrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
B Lubricant recommendations . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . _ . . . . . . . . 15
. ..
III
Foreword
[The foreword, footnotes, and annexes, in this document are provided for informational purposes only and are
not to be construed to be a part of AGMA Standard 9005-D94, industrial Gear Lubrication]
AGMA formed the Lubrication Committee in 1938 to study gear lubrication problems. This committee drafted
tentative standard 250.01, Lubrication of Enclosed and Open Gearing, which was accepted in 1943 and
adopted as a full standard in 1946. Lubrication Standard 250.01 was revised to include only industrial
enclosed gearing and accepted by the membership in 1955 as AGMA 250.02. AGMA 250.03, which was
published in 1972, superseded AGMA 250.02 as well asAGMA250.02A, Typicaallllanufacturer’s OilsMeeting
AGMA Standard 250.02, May, 1956; and AGMA 252.02, Mild Extreme Pressure Lubricants, May, 1959. The
list of Typical Manufacturer’s Oils was eliminated due to difficulties in keeping such a list up to date. AGMA
250.03 contained instead, a list of detailed specifications which had to be met before an oil could be
recommended for use in AGMA rated gear drives. It then became the responsibility of the oil supplier to certify
a particular product as meeting AGMA specifications. AGMA 250.04, published in 1981, eliminated lead
naphthenate as an EP additive and adjusted the AGMA lubricant numbering system to be coincident with the
viscosity ranges established by the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM 2422), the British
Standards Institute (B.S. 4231), and the International Standards Organization (IS0 3448).
The elimination of open gearing, where the bearings are lubricated separately, from AGMA 250.02 created the
need for a new standard to cover this area of lubrication. AGMA Standard AGMA 251 .Ol , Lubrication of
industrial Open Gearing was approved in April, 1963. This standard was revised in September, 1974. AGMA
251.02 extended coverage to bevel gears. Other changes included the addition of AGMA Lubricant Numbers
based on the ASTM viscosity system and complete specifications for R 810 gear oils and EP gear lubricants,
and the addition of an appendix on test procedures and limits.
AGMA Standard 9005-D94 again combines enclosed and open gearing, superseding AGMA 250.04 and
AGMA 251.02. In addition, it is updated to reflect market changes in availability of heavy bodied open gear
lubricants. It is also expanded to provide coverage of modern technology in the area of synthetic oils.
Synthetic oils are recognized as a separate class of lubricants with their own specification requirements.
Specifications of EP oils have been upgraded to reflect advances in technology. EP oils are no longer
recommended for wormgear service. Pitchlinevelocity replaces center distance as the parameter for lubricant
selection in other than double enveloping wormgear applications. Annex B provides a copy of table 3 from
AGMA 250.04 for information only.
References to Saybolt viscosity (SSU) have been eliminated in favor of kinematic viscosity (mm*/s). This is
consistent with practices of the American Society for Testing Materials, The Society of Tribologists and
Lubrication Engineers, The British Standards Institution, and industry in general. Annex A provides
information on the theory of elastohydrodynamic lubrication.
This standard was approved by the AGMA membership in October, 1993 and as an American National
Standard on August 1,1994.
Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be welcome. They should be sent to American Gear
Manufacturers Association, 1500 King Street, Suite 201, Alexandria, Virginia 22314.
iv
PERSONNEL of the AGMA Committee for Industrial Gear Lubrication
ACTIVE MEMBERS
C. Barrett ................................. Castro1Tribal, Inc.
R. Ciesko ................................. RC Associates
W. Cochis ................................. Morgan Construction Company
R. J. Drago ................................ Boeing Defense & Space Group
R. Errichello ............................... Gear-tech
G. Felton .................................. Dryden Oil Company
J. E. Hardy ................................ Cone Drive -Textron
W. H. Heller ............................... Peerless-Winsmith, Inc.
G. Hermann ............................... Lubrizol Corporation
H. R. Johnson ............................. Lufkin Industries, Inc.
J. Kolonko ................................. The Falk Corporation
S.L. Pearson .............................. Mobil Oil Corporation
D. Lee .................................... The Elco Corporation
G. S. Meitz ................................ Ethyl Petroleum Additives
M. W. Neesley ............................. WesTech Gear Corporation
P. N. Salvucci .............................. Boston GearlIMO Delaval
J. Straiton ................................. Exxon Company, USA
ASSOCIATE MEMBERS
K. E. Acheson ............................. Gear Works-Seattle, Inc.
I.E.Adame ................................ Texaco Research and Development
R. Atkinson ................................ BP North America Petroleum
A.C. Becker ............................... Nuttall Gear Corporation
J. Cozad .................................. Xtek, Inc.
D.Culpon ................................. Texaco Research and Development
P.R.Dickson .............................. BayCiilronWorks,Inc.
A. Dunlop ................................. Shell Canada, Ltd.
C. R. Firestone ............................. Dodge
G. Henriot ................................. lngenieur Conseil
J. Hollander ................ . .............. Unocal Corporation
V. lvers ................................... Xtek, Inc.
R. Klein ................................... Ethyl Petroleum Additives
G. P. Lamb, Jr. ............................. Lamb & Lamb
J. P. Mihalick .............................. Shell Development Company
A. G. Milburn .............................. Milbum Engineering, Inc.
B. C. Newcomb ............................ Chicago Gear-D. 0. James
M. Peculis ................................. The Horsburgh & Scott Co.
A. R. Perry ................................ Dorris Company
A. E. Phillips ............................... Dodge
R. Ross ................................... Century Lubricants Company
V. Z. Rychlinski ............................ Brad-Foote Gear Works
G. Smith .................................. Emerson Power Transmission Corporation
R. G. Smith ................................ Philadelphia Gear Corporation
L. J. Smith ................................. Invincible Gear Company
D. Townsend .............................. NASA Lewis Research Center
K.L.Tuttle ...................... . ......... U.S.NavalAcademy
F. C. Uherek ............................... Flender Corporation
This page is intentionally blank.
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSUAGMA 9005-D94
1
ANSVAGMA 900!5-D94 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
which provide system rust protection and oil 3.1.3 Extreme pressure lubricants
oxidation resistance. Acceptable R &. 0 gear oils for These lubricants are petroleum base liquids with
use in industrial enclosed gear drives must meet the chemical additives, such as sulfur-phosphorus or
acceptance criieriaforthe lubricant properties listed similar materials or soluble compounds which
in table 1. produce a protective film to provide antiscuffing
properties. Extreme pressure (EP) lubricants
identified by this standard must meet the conditions
3.1.2 Compounded gear lubricants of acceptance shown in table 2.
Compounded gear oils are a blend of petroleum NOTE: Extreme pressure lubricants formulated with
lead naphthenate are no longer recommended
base liquids with three to ten per cent of fatty or because of environmental concerns and poor stability
synthetic fatty oils. These lubricants frequently are in comparison to the lubrication products being
marketed at this time.
used in wormgear drives. Compounded oils should
CAUTION: Do not use extreme pressure lubricants or
meet the specifications shown in table 1 for R & 0 lubricants containing friction modifiers such as PTFE,
oils, with the exception of oxidation stability (ASTM graphite, or molybdenum disulfide in gear drives
containing internal backstops, clutches, or similar
D 943) and demulsibility (ASTM D 2711). See the devices unless acceptable to the gear drive
footnote of table 1. manufacturer.
Table 1 - M inimum physical and performance specification for R & 0 gear lubricants (including
compounded gear lubricants)
Property Test procedure Criteria for Acceptance
1
Viscosity IS0 3104 Must be as specified in table 4
ASTM D 445
1
Viscosity IS0 2909 90 minimum
Iindex ASTM D 2270
IOxidation IS0 4263 Hours to reach a neutralization number of 2.0 l)
stability ASTM D 943
AGMA Grade Hours (minimum)
0,1,2 1500
3, 4 750
5 6 500
IRust IS0 7120 No rust after 24 hours with synthetic sea water
Iprotection ASTM D 665B
tCorrosion IS0 2160 #lb strip after 3 hours at 121 “C (250°F)
Iprotection ASTM D 130
IFoam ASTM D 892 Must be within these limits:
suppression Max volume of foam (ml) after:
Temperature 5 minute blow 10 minute rest
Sequence I 24% (75’F) 75 10
Sequence II 93.5% (2OOOF) 75 10
Sequence III 24°C (75°F) 75 10
IDemulsibility ASTM D 2711 *Must be within these limits:
Max percent water in the oil after 5-hour test 0.5%
Max cuff after centrifuging 2.0 ml
Min total free water collected during entire 30.0 ml
test
ICleanliness None Must be free of visible suspended or settled contamination.
INOTE - I) The criteria for acceptance indicated for oxidation stability and demulsibility is not applicable to
,compounded gear oils.
2
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSUAGMA 9005-D94
Table 2 - M inimum physical and performance specification for extreme pressure gear lubricants
Prooertv
. m I Test twocedure I Criteria for AcceDtance
Viscosity IS0 3104 Must be as specified in table 4 .
ASTM D 445
Viscosity IS0 2909 90 m inimum (applies to viscosity grades 2 EP thru 8 EP only)
index ASTM D 2270
Oxidation ASTM D 2893 increase in kinematic viscosity of an oil sample at 121 “C
stability (250°F) should not exceed 6% t)
Rust IS0 7120 No rust after 24 hours with synthetic sea water l)
protection ASTM D665B
Corrosion IS0 2160 #lb strip after 3 hours at 100°C (212OF)
protection ASTM D 130
Foam ASTM D 892 Must be within these lim its:
suppression Max volume of foam (ml) after:
Temperature 5 m inute blow 10 m inute resi
Sequence I 24°C (7YF) 75 10
Sequence II 93.5X (2OOOF) 75 10
Sequence III 24’C (75OF) 75 10
Demulsibility ASTM D 2711 M O D *Must be within these lim its ‘1:
AGMA Grades
2EPto7EP 8EPto13EF
Max percent water in the oil 2.0% 2.0%
after 5-hour test
Max cuff after centrifuging 1.0 m l 4.0 m l
M in total free water collected 80.0 m l 50.0 m l
during entire test (start with
90 m l of water)
Cleanliness None Must be free of visible suspended or settled contamination.
Load carrying ASTM D 2782 (Timken An oil must meet both; a 60 pound Timken OK load, and
property Test) and DIN 51354 fail stage greater than 12 on the FZG machine with
(FZG Test) A/8.3/90°C parameters for acceptance t).
Filterability None Must be filterable to 25~ (microns) (wet or dry) without loss of
EP additive (825 = 200 filter rating)
IY”IL:-
LInl-C
-’r\LabG:vLcllIL~
lb Alllrr+e..rm
Irllke:l,a
rr:+nr;n
11613
I.....
“tTs,I .,n,“rrAmA
t.Anr
““UIQ”=“.
CAUTION: The test methods shown in table 2 the advantage of being stable over a wider range of
measure the performance of the EP lubricants by the operating temperatures, having a higher viscosity
FZG test procedure. This test simulates spur and
helical gear applications and is not necessarily index (smaller viscosity changes with temperature
indicative of EP oil performance in wormgear drive variations), and in some cases having greater load
applications. Due to a history of inconsistent carrying capacity and better lubricity. Synthetics are
performance with EP oils in actual wormgear not “cure-ails,” however; each type has dierent
applications, they are no longer considered equally
suitable with compounded gear oils for wormgear characteristics and many of them have lim itations or
service. Therefore, EP oils should not be used in disadvantages. Such things as compatibility with
wormgear drive applications unless specifically other lube system and mechanical components
recommended by the wormgear manufacturer. (seals, sealants, paints, backstops, clutches, etc.),
3.1.4 Synthetic gear lubricants behavior in the presence of moisture, lubricating
Synthetic oils differ from petroleum based liquids in qualities, and overall economics should be
that they are not found in nature, but are analyzed carefully for each type of synthetic
manufactured chemically with special properties to lubricant under consideration for a given
enhance performance or accommodate severe application. In the absence of field experience in
operating conditions. In general, synthetic oils have similar applications, the use of a synthetic oil should
3
ANSWAGMA 900!5-D94 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
be coordinated carefully between the user, the gear standard recognizes synthetic oils as a separate
manufacturer, and the lubricant supplier. Some class of lubricants for use in applications with
manufacturers of wormgears have obtained good special requirements for performance or
results using synthetic lubricants to improve temperature stability. Therefore, specification
efficiency. With spur, bevel, and helical gears the requirements for synthetic oils are more stringent
potential for efficiency improvement with synthetic than those for R&O or extreme pressure oils.
oils is not as great and their use is usually lim ited to Specifications for synthetic oils are listed separately
applications with extreme operating temperatures. in table 3.
The types which have been used successfully in 3.1.5 Residual compounds are straight m ineral
industrial gear lubrication are esters, polyglycols, oils or EP oils in the heavier grades (higher
and synthetic hydrocarbons. This standard allows viscosities, ranging from 400 to 2000 mm2/s at
the use of any type which meets the specifications 100°C without diluent). Residual compounds are
listed in table 3, has good lubricating properties, and normally m ixed with a diluent for ease of application.
is chemically compatible with all machinery After the diluent evaporates, the heavy material
components with which it will come in contact. This remains.
4
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSVAGMA 9005-D94
5
ANSVAGMA900!5-D94 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
NOTES
I) per IS0 3448, lncfustrial Liquid Lubricants - /SO Viscosity Classification, Also ASTM D 2422 and British
Standards Institution B.S. 4231.
2) Extreme pressure lubricants should be used only when recommended by the gear manufacturer.
3, Synthetic gear oils 9s - 13s are available but not yet in wide use.
4, Oils marked Comp are compounded with 3% to 10% fatty or synthetic fatty oils.
5, Viscosities of AGMA Lubricant Number 13 and above are specified at 100°C (210°F) as measurement of
viscosities of these heavy lubricants at 40°C (100°F) would not be practical.
6, Residual compounds-diluent type, commonly known as solvent cutbacks, are heavy oils containing a
volatile, non-flammable diluent for ease of application. The diluent evaporates leaving a thick film of lubricant
on the gear teeth. Viscosities listed are for the base compound without diluent.
CAUTION: These lubricants may require special handling and storage procedures. Diluent can be toxic or
irritating to the skin. Do not use these lubricants without proper ventilation. Consult lubricant supplier’s
instructions.
6
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSVAGMA 9005-D94
5.1.5 Low temperature gear oils below 1.5 meters per second (300 feet per m inute).
Lubricant selection guidelinesforthesesystemsare
Gear drives operating in cold areas must be
shown in tables 5 through 8.
provided with oil that circulates freely and does not
cause high starting torques. An acceptable low 52.2 Gravity feed or forced drip
temperature gearoil, in addition to meeting AGMA
specifications, should have a pour point at least This method of lubrication involves one or more
5% (9OF)lower than expected m inimum ambient oilers or a cascade pan which allows oil to drip into
start-up temperature. Lubricant viscosity must be the gear mesh at a set rate. Guidelines for selection
low enough to allow the oil to flow freely at the of oils for this method of lubrication are shown in
start-up temperature, but high enough to carry the table 9. Guidelines for rates of application are
load at the operating temperature. shown in table 10. This method of application is
lim ited to open gearing with pitch line velocities of
51.6 Sump heaters 7.5 meters per second (1500 feet per m inute) or
If a suitable low temperature gear oil is not available, less.
the gear drive must be provided with a sump heater
5.2.3 Hand or brush application may be used with
to bring oil up to a temperature at which it will
heavier grades and residual compounds.
circulate freely for starting. The heater, preferably
Frequency of application may be determined by
equipped with thermostatic control, should be
observation.
designed so as to avoid excessive localized
heating, which could result in rapid degradation of 5.2.4 Spray systems
the lubricant. A rating of 0.8 watts per cm* (5 watts
per in*) of heater surface area is considered Spray systems apply a continuous or intermittent
conservative for most applications. Higher watt supply to the gear teeth under pressure.
densities may be used with good circulation within
the sump. 5.2.4.1 Continuous pressure lubrication
employs a circulating system with a pump to provide
5.1.7 Coolers a continuous spray to the gears. In enclosed gear
units, bearings are lubricated by the same
Provision should be made for cooling the lubricant
circulating system. This system may also consist of
where normal continuous operation of the gearing
temperature and pressure control and employ
would raise bulk fluid over recommended tempera-
suitable oil filtration. The oil runs back to a sump
tures. Thermostatic control is recommended.
and is recirculated through the system. Lubricant
5.2 Methods of application selection guidelines for continuous pressure are
shown in tables 5 through 8.
5.2.1 Splash and idler immersion systems
5.2.4.2 Intermittent mechanical spray systems
These are the simplest methods of lubricating are used with open gearing and depend on the use
gears. The gear or an idler in mesh with the gear is of heavy oil, grease, or residual compounds which
allowed to dip into the lubricant carrying it around to will remain on the gear teeth through several
the mesh. Splash systems are generally lim ited to revolutions. The spray is activated automatically or
pitch line velocities below 15 meters per second by hand at certain timed intervals. The spraying
(3000 feet per m inute) for non-worm gears and IO time should equal the time for one or preferably two
meters per second (2000 feet per m inute) sliding revolutions of the gear to ensure complete
velocity for worms, since the lubricant may be coverage. Periodic inspections should be made to
ensure that sufficient lubricant is being applied to
thrown off at higher speeds. However, with the
give proper protection. Two hours is the maximum
incorporation of appropriate design features, splash interval permitted between applications of lubricant.
systems have been successfully used in non-worm More frequent application of small quantities is
gear drives operating with pitch line velocities up to preferred. Guidelines for lubricant selection using
25 meters per second (5000 FPM). Idler immersion this method of application are shown in table 9.
systems are generally lim ited to pitch line velocities Table 10 provides guidelines for lubricant quantities.
7
ANSIIAGMA 9005-D94 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
Table 5 - AGMA Lubricant number guidelines for enclosed helical, herringbone, straight bevel,
spiral bevel and spur gear drives l)
AGMA lubricant numbers,.‘)5 4)s5,
Pitch line velocity 2)~3, ambient temperature “C (“F) % 7)
of final reduction stage -40 to -10 -1oto+10 1oto35 35 to 55
(-40 to +14) (14 to 50) (50 to 95) (95 to 131)
Less than 5 m/s (1000 ft/min).8) 3s 4 6 8
5-15 mk (1000 - 3000 ft/min) 3s 3 5 7
15-25 m/s (3000 - 5000 ft/min) 2s 2 4 6
Above 25 mk (5000 ft/min) 8) OS 0 2 3
NOTES
I) AGMA lubricant numbers listed above refer to R & 0 and synthetic gear oil shown in table 4. Physical and
performance specifications are shown in tables 1 and 3. EP or synthetic gear lubricants in the corresponding
viscosity grades may be substituted where deemed acceptable by the gear drive manufacturer.
2) Special considerations may be necessary at speeds above 40 meters per second (8000 feet per minute).
Consult gear drive manufacturer for specific recommendations.
3) Pitch line velocity replaces center distance as the gear drive parameter for lubricant selection. The
corresponding table from the previous standard is included as annex B for reference.
4) Variations in operating conditions such as surface roughness, temperature rise, loading, speed, etc., may
necessitate use of a lubricant of one grade higher or lower. Contact gear drive manufacturer for specific
recommendations.
5) Drives incorporating wet clutches or overrunning clutches as backstopping devices should be referred to the
gear manufacturer as certain types of lubricants may adversely affect clutch performance.
6, For ambient temperatures outside the ranges shown, consult the gear manufacturer.
7) Pour point of lubricant selected should be at least 5% (9°F) lower than the expected minimum ambient
starting temperature. If the ambient starting temperature approaches lubricant pcur point, oil sump heaters may
be required to facilitate starting and ensure proper lubrication (see 5.1.6).
8, At the extreme upper and lower pitch line velocity ranges, special consideration should be given to all drive
components, including bearing and seals, to ensure their proper performance.
Table 6 - AGMA Lubricant number guidelines for enclosed cylindrical wormgear drives l)
I
AGMA lubricant numbers, I)
Pitch line velocity *) ambient temperature “C (“F) 3),4,
of final reduction stage -40 to -10 -1oto+10 1oto35 35 to 55
(-40 to +14) (14 to 50) (50 to 95) (95 to 131)
Less than 2.25 m/s (450 timin) 5s 7 Comp 8 Comp 8s
Above 2.25 m/s (450 Wmin) 5s 7 Comp 7 Comp 7s
NOTES
I) AGMA lubricant numbers listed above refer to compounded R&O oils and synthetic oils shown in table 4.
Physical and performance specifications are shown in tables 1 and 3. Wormgear drives may also operate
satisfactorily using other types of oils. Such oils should be used, however, only with approval of the gear
manufacturer.
*) Pitch line velocity replaces center distance as the gear drive parameter for lubricant selection. The
corresponding table from the previous standard is included as annex B for reference.
3) Pour point of the oil used should be at least 5°C (9°F) lower than the minimum ambient temperature expected.
4, Wormgear applications involving temperatures outside the limits shown above, or speeds exceeding 2400
rpm or 10 m/s (2000 ft/min) sliding velocity, should be referred to the manufacturer. In general, for higher speeds
a pressurized lubrication system is required along with adjustments in recommended viscosity grade.
8
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSUAGMA 900!5-D94
Table 7 - AGMA Lubricant number guidelines for enclosed double enveloping wormgear drives 1)
NOTES:
‘1 AGMA lubricant numbers listed above refer to compounded R&O oils and synthetic oils shown in table 4.
Physical and performance specifications are shown in tables 1 and 3. EP oils with sulphur-phosphorus additives
are not recommended for use without the gear manufacturer’s approval. Wormgear drives may operate
satisfactorily using other types of oils. Such oils should be used, however, only with approval of the gear
manufacturer.
2, Pour point of the oil used should be at least 5% (9°F) lower than the minimum ambient temperature expected.
3, Wormgear applications involving temperatures outside the limits shown above, or speeds exceeding 2400
rpm or 1 Om/s (2000 tVmin) sliding velocity, should be referred to the manufacturer. In general, for higher speeds
a pressurized lubrication system is required along with adjustments in recommended viscosity grade.
1
10 to 504) Reversing or 8-g6)
9- 105) 11 or 11 EP
(50-l 25) frequent “start 7or7 EP 6or6EP 8EP-9 EP
9EP-10EP
stop” I
PJOTES
1) AGMA lubricant numbers listed above refer to gear lubricants shown in table 4. Physical and performance
Srpecifications are shown in tables 1 and 2. Although both R & 0 and EP oils are listed, the EP is preferred. Synthetic
lils in the corresponding viscosity grades may be substituted where deemed acceptable by the gear manufacturer.
c :) Does not apply to wormgearing.
3,) Temperature in vicinity of the operating gears.
4,) When ambient temperatures approach the lower end of the given range, lubrication systems must be equipped with
Suitable heating units for proper circulation of lubricant and prevention of channeling. Check with lubricant and pump
s suppliers.
5‘1 When ambient temperature remains between 30% (gOoF)and 50°C (125OF)at all times, use 10 or 10 EP.
6‘1 When ambient temperature remains between 30°C (gOoF) and 50% (125OF)at all times, use 9 or 9 EP.
9
ANSWAGMA9005-D94 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
Table 9 - AGMA Lubricant number guidelines for open gearing intermittent applications 1).2),3,
[where gear pitch line velocity does not exceed 7.5 meters per second (1500 ftlmin)]
Ambient Gravity feed or
temperature 4, Intermittent spray systems 5) forced drip method 7)
in degrees R&O or EP Synthetic Residual R&O or EP Synthetic
Celsius (P) lubricant lubricant compound ‘3 lubricant lubricant
-1Oto 15 (15to60) 11 or 11 EP 11 s 14 R 11 or 11 EP 11 s
5 to 40 (40 to 100) 12 or 12 EP 12s 15 R 12or12EP 12s
20 to 50 (70 to 125) 130r 13 EP 13s 15 R 13 or 13 EP 13s
NOTES
I) AGMA Viscosity number guidelines listed above refer to gear oils shown in table 4.
2, Does not apply to wormgearing.
3, Feeder must be capable of handling lubricant selected.
4, Ambient temperature is temperature in vicinity of the gears.
s) Special compounds and certain greases are sometimes used in mechanical spray systems to lubricate open
gearing. Consult gear manufacturer and spray system manufacturer before proceeding.
6, Diluents must be used to facilitate flow through applicators.
‘) EP oils are preferred, but may not be available in some grades.
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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSVAGMA 9005-D94
5.2.4.3 Spray nozzle locations Table 5 for enclosed helical, herringbone, straight
bevel, spiral bevel, and spur gear drives has
For helical, herringbone, and spur gearing, spray
changed in format from previous guidelines in that
nozzles must be sufficient in number and properly
pitchline velocity rather than center distance is now
spaced to provide adequate lubricant coverage
a selection parameter. The previous table is
across the entire face of the gear teeth.
included as annex B for reference. Table 10 gives
As a guideline, for slow speed open gearing lubricant quantity guidelines for intermittent
operating up to IO meters per second (2000 feet per methods of application.
minute), the end nozzles are generally placed 50 to While these guidelines will generally provide
65 millimeters (2 to2-l/2 inches) from the gearface satisfactory selections, a detailed engineering
edge with the remaining nozzles spaced on 130 to analysis is always preferred, especially in critical
180 millimeter (5 to 7 inch) centers. Nozzle location applications and high speed units. Such an analysis
is also a function of the spray pattern. Spray nozzles is beyond the scope of this standard; however,
are generally positioned to direct the lubricant at the annex A includes information and references on the
loaded profiles of the gear teeth (not the pinion) and subject. AGMA lubricant number guidelines in
are typically located a distance of 150 to 200 tables 5 through 9 are empirical, representing an
millimeters (6 to 8 inches) maximum from the gear accumulation of gear industry experience.
teeth.
Tables 5 through 9 provide guidelines for AGMA - percentage sediment and sludge;
lubricant number selection for various applications. - additive depletion.
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ANSVAGMA 9005-D94 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
6.3 Cleaning and flushing Gear drives with pressurized oil systems should
have a filter on the pressure side of the system to
The lubricant should be drained while the gear drive remove contamination particles. As a guideline, in
is at operating temperature. The drive should be the absence of specific manufacturer’s recommen-
cleaned with a flushing oil. Flushing oil must be dations, the filter should be no coarser than 50 urn
clean and compatible with the operating oil. Oils (micron) absolute for gear drives with ball or roller
specially blended for flushing, or clean operating oil bearings and 25 pm absolute for gear drives with
are commonly used for flushing. journal bearings. In addition, a screen may be used
6.3.1 Cleaning with solvents on the suction side to protect the pump. This should
be in combination with a filter and must have a
The use of a solvent should be avoided unless the coarse mesh to avoid flow restriction.
gear drive contains deposits of oxidized or
contaminated lubricant which cannot be removed CAUTION: Lubricants should not be filtered through
fuller’s earth or other types of filters which could
with a flushing oil. When persistent deposits remove the additives of the original formulation.
necessitate the use of a solvent, a flushing oil
should then be used to remove all traces of solvent 6.6 Intermittent operation
from the system. Gear drives not in continuous operation should be
CAUTION: When solvents are used, consult the unit run at least 30 m inutes per week to maintain a
manufacturer to assure compatibility with the paint, protective coating of oil on internal components.
seals, sealant and other components.
6.7 Gear tooth wear
6.3.2 Used lubricants
There are numerous modes of damage associated
Used lubricant and flushing oils should be with gear teeth (Reference ANSVAGMA 110.04,
completely removed from the system to avoid Nomenclature of Gear Tooth Failure Modes).
contaminating the new charge and properly Proper selection, application, and maintenance of
disposed of. lubricants is therefore essential in avoiding
CAUTION: Care must be exercised not to mix premature wear. If premature wear occurs, lubricant
lubricants with different additive chemistry. selection should be reviewed.
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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSUAGMA 900!5-D94
Annex A
(informative)
Elastohydrodynamic lubrication
flhe foreword, footnotes, and annexes, if any, are provided for informational purposes only and should not be
construed as a part of ANSVAGMA 9005-D94, Industrial Gear Lubricafion.]
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ANSVAGMA 9005-D94 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
14
AMERICAN NATIONALSTANDARD ANSUAGMA900!5-D94
Annex B
(informative)
Lubricant recommendations
[The foreword, footnotes, and annexes, if any, are provided for informational purposes only and should not be
construed as a part of ANSVAGMA 9005-D94, industrial Gear Lubrication.]
Table Bl - Previous Table 3 of AGMA 250.04 lubricant number recommendations for enclosed
helical, herringbone, straight bevel, spiral bevel, and spur gear drives
AGMA lubricant numberbg c
Ambient temperaturedl e
Type of unita Low speed center distance -10°C to +10X 10°C to 50%
(15OF to 50°F) (50°F to 125°F)
Parallel shaft up to 200 mm (8 in) 2-3
(single reduction) . 200 mm to 500 mm (8 to 20 in) 2-3 4-5
over 500 mm (20 in) 4-5
Parallel shaft up to 200 mm (8 in) 2-3
(double reduction) over 200 mm (8 in)
I I I
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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
16
PUBLISHED BY
AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION
1500 KING STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA 22314